Publications

studies on the e. coli gronb (nusb) gene which affects bacteriophage lambda n gene function.	escherichia coli mutants, called gronb, which block the growth of bacteriophage lambda at the level of action of the gene n product, have been isolated as survivors at 42 degrees c of bacteria carrying a) the defective prophage lambda bio11 i lambda ci857 delta h1 or b) the pcr1 plasmid containing the ecori immunity fragment of phage lambda ci857. in addition, gronb bacterial mutants have been isolated at 37 degrees c, as large colony formers in the presence of lambda i lambda ci h434, lambda i ...	1980	6161293
in vitro synthesis of escherichia coli carbamoylphosphate synthase: evidence for participation of the arginine repressor in cumulative repression.	a deoxyribonucleic acid-directed in vitro system for the synthesis of escherichia coli carbamoylphosphate synthase has been developed, and its properties have been studied. the system uses the deoxyribonucleic acid of a lambda phage carrying the car genes (lambdadcarab) as template and mediates the synthesis of both subunits of the enzyme. this newly synthesized enzyme exhibits the properties of native carbamoylphosphate synthase. a study of the in vitro synthetic capacities of s-30 extracts fro ...	1980	6243630
[bacteriophage lambda integration into host chromosome (biochemistry of int protein and pleiotropic effects of host factors) (author's transl)].		1980	6243784
properties of a normal mouse cell dna sequence (sarc) homologous to the src sequence of moloney sarcoma virus.	a 15.0-kilobase (kb) eco ri dna fragment from normal mouse balb/c genomic dna that contains sequences (sarc) homologous to the acquired cell sequences (src) of moloney sarcoma virus (msv) has been cloned in phage lambda. the sarc region (1.2 to 1.3 kb) of the 15.0-kb cell fragment is indistinguishable from the src region of two isolates of msv as judged by heteroduplex and restriction endonuclease analyses. the cellular sequences flanking sarc show no homology to other msv sequences. whereas clo ...	1980	6243788
a dna segment from d. melanogaster which contains five tandemly repeating units homologous to the major rdna insertion.	we describe a cloned segment of d. melanogaster dna (cdm219) that contains five tandemly arranged sequence units homologous to the type i insertion sequence found in the majority of 28s rrna genes on the x chromosome. heteroduplex studies show that two of the units have a deletion corresponding to a 1.1 kb piece of dna close to the right-hand end of the type i insertion. another unit has a 7.5 kb sequence (zeta) substituted for a 0.95 kb piece of dna close to the left-hand part of the type i rdn ...	1980	6244098
generalized recombination: nucleotide sequence homology between chi recombinational hotspots.	chi sites stimulate generalized recombination catalyzed by the reca-recbc-dependent system of e. coli. this stimulation occurs over a region of several thousand base pairs surrounding the chi site. these sites arise by mutation at four distinct loci in bacteriophage lambda. we report here the nucleotide sequence surrounding one of these loci, chi b, located between the xis and reda genes. alteration of a single gc base pair, by deletion or by transversion to a cg base pair, creates the chi recom ...	1980	6244897
new map of bacteriophage lambda dna.	a map of bacteriophage lambda was constructed, including accurate positions for all 41 cut sites made by 12 different restriction enzymes. over 100 fragments from single, multiple, and partial enzyme digestions were measured versus standards that were calibrated with respect to dna molecules of known sequence. the data were subjected to least-squares analysis to assign map coordinates. in no case did a fragment size predicted from the map differ from the measurement of the fragment by more than ...	1980	6245240
isolation and characterization of recombinant dna clones of avian retroviruses: size heterogeneity and instability of the direct repeat.	unintegrated proviral dna of schmidt-ruppin b rous sarcoma virus was cloned in the bacteriophage lambda vector charon 21a. a total of 12 independent recombinant lambda srbtd clones which were derived from the transformation-defective component in the viral preparation were analyzed with restriction endonucleases and molecular hybridization techniques. three classes of clones were observed. type i clones contained a 5.0-megadalton insert of viral dna, type ii clones contained phage with two size ...	1980	6245258
structural organization of mouse rdna: comparison of transcribed and non-transcribed regions.	the dna of the recombinant phage lambda gtwes mr974 (grummt et al., 1979) which contains the 18s region and adjacent spacer sequences of the ribosomal genes from mouse has been digested with the restriction endonuclease sali. fragments corresponding to the non-transcribed spacer (a and d) and the external transcribed spacer (b) have been prepared and their nucleotide composition and sequence organization has been determined. the data indicate that the part of the non-transcribed spacer contained ...	1980	6245336
the construction in vitro of derivatives of bacteriophage lambda carrying the amidase genes of pseudomonas aeruginosa.	the amidase genes of pseudomonas aeruginosa were inserted into a lambda replacement vector following cleavage with the restriction endonuclease hindiii. the recombinant lambdaami was detected by enhanced growth of escherichia coli around plaques of the recombinant phage on minimal medium containing acetamide as the nitrogen source. low levels of amidase activity were detected in e. coli cultures infected with lambdaami and these were sufficient to allow growth with acetamide as nitrogen source. ...	1980	6245342
isolation of a complex between the p protein of phage lambda and the dnab protein of escherichia coli.	p protein of phage lambda and dnab protein of escherichia coli were isolated from (a) bacteria containing an inducible lambda p gene on a plasmid, and (b) phage-lambda-infected bacteria. p protein from both sources copurifies with part of the dnab protein during four purification steps. a highly purified preparation contains the multimeric dnab and the p protein in a complex as revealed by glycerol gradient centrifugation. the complex is composed of two major polypeptides. their molecular weight ...	1980	6245874
portraits of viruses: bacteriophage lambda.		1980	6246031
molecular cloning of snyder-theilen feline leukemia and sarcoma viruses: comparative studies of feline sarcoma virus with its natural helper virus and with moloney murine sarcoma virus.	extrachromosomal dna obtained from mink cells acutely infected with the snyder-theilen (st) strain of feline sarcoma virus (feline leukemia virus) [fesv(felv)] was fractionated electrophoretically, and samples enriched for felv and fesv linear intermediates were digested with ecori and cloned in lambda phage. hybrid phages were isolated containing either fesv or felv dna "inserts" and were characterized by restriction enzyme analysis, r-looping with purified 26 to 32s viral rna, and heteroduplex ...	1980	6246254
the lambda phage att site: functional limits and interaction with int protein.	site specific integrative recombination of bacteriophage lambda involves unequal partners. the minimal phage att site is composed of approximately 240-base pairs and four distinct binding sites for int protein, at least three of which are crucial for function. this 'donor site' recombines efficiently with a smaller 'recipient site' that lacks the extensive interactions with int protein.	1980	6246439
the isolation and characterization of a sequence-specific endonuclease from anabaena subcylindrica.	an endonuclease, asui, was isolated from extracts of anabaena subcylindrica on the basis of gel-electrophoretic analysis of digests of bacteriophage-lambda dna with the paritally purified extracts. the enzyme requires mg2+, but no other cofactors. endonuclease asui recognizes the interrupted tetranucleotide sequence: (formula: see tex), and breaks the phosphodiester bonds indicated by the arrows to leave single-stranded trinucleotide projections at the 5'-termini of the dna fragments.	1980	6246880
the nucleotide sequences recognized by endonucleases avai and avaii from anabaena variabilis.	determination of the 5'-terminal sequences flanking all the individual cleavage sites for endonuclease avai in bacteriophage-lambda dna has shown that this enzyme recognizes the hexanucleotide sequences: (formula: see text), this sequence is cut as shown by the arrows to give single-stranded 5'-tetranucleotide protrusions (cohesive ends). endonucleases smai, xhoi and xmai recognize different symmetrical subsets of this sequence and provide independent evidence for the occurrence of these subsets ...	1980	6246881
a new filamentous phage cloning vector: fd-tet.	we have constructed a hybrid chromosome composed of the genome of wild-type fd (a filamentous, male-specific bacteriophage) and a segment of transposon tn10 coding for tetracycline resistance but not including the tn10 insertion sequences. the hybrid phage infects male e. coli, thereby transducing the infected cells to tetracycline resistance. the phage dna can also be propagated in f- cells after transfection. this new phage, fd-tet, may be used as a cloning vector to produce large quantities o ...	1980	6247241
dna rearrangements in a hybrid plasmid carrying the redb imm region of coliphage lambda.	the hybrid plasmid consisting of psc101 and the redb--n--imm region of phage lambda ci857 persists in cells grown at 30 degrees c but not in cells grown at 37 degrees c. in the latter case the plasmid was found to undergo several modifications. restriction maps of these new plasmids indicate the following modifications: (1) the insertion of an is1 element into gene n carried by the lambda fragment; (2) a mutation in the pl ol site of the same fragment, and (3) four large deletions (30 to 50% of ...	1980	6247242
construction and properties of a cole1::tn3-cos lambda plasmid for determining rna polymerase binding sites on cole1 and tn3.	to determine the location of the rna polymerase binding sites on the cole1 plasmid and tn3 transposon, a special hybrid cole1::tn3-cos lambda molecule was constructed which contains the left arm of phage lambda dna and the right lambda terminal fragment. this permits orienting cole1 molecules, since the rna polymerase binding pattern of these two lambda fragments are known to be distinct. cole1 dna contains seven binding sites and tn3 binds three rna polymerases, with some of the latter probably ...	1980	6247244
packaging of plasmid dna containing the cohesive ends of coliphage lambda.	high yields of cole1::tn3-cos lambda plasmid genomes packaged in phage lambda virions (2.10(9) per ml) are produced by thermal induction of e. coli w3350 (lambda ci1857s7) lysogens carrying the plasmid dna. the plasmid dna is packaged in the linear form, with the right m' terminus of lambda being associated with the lambda tail.	1980	6247245
integration of specialized transducing bacteriophage lambda ci857 st68 h80 dgnd his by an unusual pathway promotes formation of deletions and generates a new translocatable element.	molecular and genetic studies have revealed that several illegitimate recombinational events are associated with integration of the specialized transducing bacteriophage lambda ci57 st68 h80 dgnd his into either the escherichia coli chromosome or into a plasmid. most gnd+ his+ transductants did not carry the prophage at att phi-80, and 10% were not immune to lambda, i.e., "nonlysogenic." integration of the phage was independent of the phage int and red gene products and of the host's general rec ...	1980	6247325
recombination between bacteriophage lambda and plasmid pbr322 in escherichia coli.	recombinant lambda phages were isolated that resulted from recombination between the lambda genome and plasmid pbr322 in escherichia coli, even though these deoxyribonucleic acids (dnas) did not share extensive regions of homology. the characterization of these recombinant dnas by heteroduplex analysis and restriction endonucleases is described. all but one of the recombinants appeared to have resulted from reciprocal recombination between a site on lambda dna and a site on the plasmid. in gener ...	1980	6247334
transposition of is1-lambdabio-is1 from a bacteriophage lambda derivative carrying the is1-cat-is1 transposon (tn9).	tn9 is a transposable element in which a gene (cat) determining chloramphenicol resistance is flanked by directly repeated sequences that are homologous to the insertion sequence is1. we show here that infection of escherichia coli k12 (under rec-red-int- conditions) with a lambda bio transducing phage carrying tn9 results in the formation of lambda bio transductants as frequently as cat transductants as frequently as cat transductants (about 1 per 10(6) to 10(7) infected cells). most of the lam ...	1980	6247615
location of ribosome-binding sites in the nin5 region of bacteriophage lambda.	seven ribosome-binding sites on dna have been located within the region defined by the nin5 deletion as well as several ribosome-binding sites on each side of the nin5 region. these were mapped by electron microscopy relative to the end points of the nin5 deletion and two tn903 transposons, one inserted into gene rz and another inserted near gene q. these ribosomes binding sites within the nin5 region may correspond to polypeptide initiation sites for up to seven new dispensible lambda genes.	1980	6248421
complementation of t4 phage am mutations by hybrid phages lambda-t4.	ecori fragments of the t4 cytosine-containing dna (dc-dna) were cloned in the lambda xiii vector phage carrying the only restriction site for ecori in the repressor gene of lambda. 38 genes of t4 were identified in the cloned fragments by means of marker rescue technique. all cloned early genes and some late genes of t4 were able to complement a corresponding am mutations of t4 phage when nonpermissive cells of e.coli were simultaneously infected with hybrid phages lambda-t4 and am mutants of t4 ...	1980	6248735
identification and molecular cloning of moloney mouse sarcoma virus-specific sequences from uninfected mouse cells.	when uninfected mouse cell dna is cleaved with restriction endonuclease ecori, a dna fragment of 14.0 kilobases can be identified by hybridization to cloned dna containing sarcoma specific sequences of moloney mouse sarcoma virus (m-msvsrc). the cellular dna fragment contains the entire m-msvsrc specific sequences. the 14.0-kilobase ecori dna fragment was cloned in bacteriophage lambda. the sequence organization of a recombinant clone, lambda . mtx-1, was analyzed by restriction endonuclease map ...	1980	6248858
identification of a proviral genome associated with avian myeloblastic leukemia.	we have identified and isolated a presumptive leukemogenic provirus from myeloblasts of a chicken in which leukemia had been induced by avian myeloblastosis virus (amv). leukemic myeloblasts isolated from peripheral blood or from converted yolk sac cultures of various strains of chickens, regardless of the endogenous proviral content or amv pseudotype used for infection, contain an ecori 2.2-megadalton (mdai) and a hindiii 2.6-mdal proviral fragment. a proviral genome flanked by chicken dna sequ ...	1980	6248880
the structure of rat preproinsulin genes.	in rat there are two nonallelic insulins, i and ii. we have cloned and sequenced double stranded cdna copies of both preproinsulin mrna i and ii. using the cloned sequence as probe, we established by the southern blotting technique a restriction map of the two chromosomal genes. this map indicates that an intron exists within the insulin ii gene. to examine this in more detail, we have isolated both genes from a library of rat dna cloned in phage lambda. restriction endonuclease analysis and dir ...	1980	6249167
phage lambda integration protein: synthesis in lambda-infected minicells and membrane affinity.		1980	6249641
conservation and variation of nucleotide sequences within related bacterial genomes: escherichia coli strains.	changes in the patterns produced by annealing restriction endonuclease digests of bacterial genomes with probe deoxyribonucleic acids (dnas) containing small portions of a bacterial genome provide sensitive indicator of the degree of nucleotide sequence relatedness that exists in localized regions of the genomes of closely related bacteria. we have used five probe dnas to explore the relatedness of parts of the genomes of six laboratory escherichi coli strains. a range in in the amount of variab ...	1980	6249790
[cloning of fragments of lambda phage dna, containing red and gam genes].	on the base of plasmid pcv20 (apr, tcr mol. weight 5.2 x 10(6) a recombinant plasmid peh60 (apr, mol. weight 17.0 x 10(6) with bamhi fragment of phage dna, containing red+ and gam+ genes was constructed. selection was found on the ability of phage red- and gam- to propagate in strain e. coli k12 reca-, which was transformed by recombinant plasmid with active red and gam genes. influence of recombinant plasmid peh60 on processes of repair and recombination of phage lambda dna and bacterial dna wa ...	1980	6250024
sequence of retrovirus provirus resembles that of bacterial transposable elements.	the nucleotide sequences of the terminal regions of an infectious integrated retrovirus cloned in the modified lambda phage cloning vector charon 4a have been elucidated. there is a 569-base pair direct repeat at both ends of the viral dna. the cell-virus junctions at each end consist of a 5-base pair direct repeat of cell dna next to a 3-base pair inverted repeat of viral dna. this structure resembles that of a transposable element and is consistent with the protovirus hypothesis that retroviru ...	1980	6250038
j genes for heavy chain immunoglobulins of mouse.	a 15,8-kilobase pair fragment of balb/c mouse liver dna, cloned in the charon 4a lambda phage vector system, was shown to contain the mu heavy chain constant region (chmu) gene for the mouse immunoglobulin m. in addition, this fragment of dna contains at least two j genes, used to code for the carboxyl terminal portion of heavy chain variable regions. these genes are located in genomic dna about eight kilobase pairs to the 5' side of the chmu gene. the complete nucleotide sequence of a 1120-base ...	1980	6250219
distribution of sequences common to the 25--28s-ribonucleic acid genes of xenopus laevis and neurospora crassa.	the extent of homology between the nucleotide sequence of l-rrna (the major rna component of the larger ribosomal subparticle) of a lower eukaryote (neurospora crassa) and an amphibian (xenopus laevis) was investigated by utilizing rdna (dna coding for rrna) of x. laevis cloned in plasmids pmb9 and pml2, and rdna of n. crassa cloned in bacteriophage lambda. hybridization studies revealed that sequences common to both n. crassa and x. laevis l-rrna comprise a total of approx. 1050 /+- 200 nucleot ...	1980	6250536
construction of restriction enzyme fragment libraries containing dna from human adenovirus types 2 and 5.	restriction-fragment libraries containing adenovirus type 2 (ad2) dna have been constructed, using the pbr322 plasmid (bolivar et al., 1977) as a vector. clones have been isolated which contain all the hindiii fragments of ad2 dna except the terminal g- and k-fragments inserted into the hindiii cleavage site of the vector. all the 13 smai-fragments of ad2 dna were separately inserted into the psti site of the pbr322 vector after addition of homopolymeric poly(dg) tails to the fragments and poly( ...	1980	6250946
cloning of fragments of lambda dapb2 dna and identification of the dapb gene product.	dna of the specialized transducing phage lambda dapb2 has been digested with the restriction endonucleases bam i, hindiii, or both together to generate fragments originating from the bacterial substitution on the phage. seven such fragments ranging in size from 0.8 to 7.1 kilobases and encompassing the entire bacterial substitution of 18 kilobases of dna have been covalently ligated to the vector pbr322. the recombinant plasmids so constructed have been tested for their ability to complement the ...	1980	6251070
functional organization of the harvey murine sarcoma virus genome.	the comparative infectivity of harvey murine sarcoma virus (ha-musv) dna for nih 3t3 cells was determined for supercoiled ha-musv dna molecularly cloned in lambda phage and pbr322 at its unique ecori site (which is located near the middle of the 6-kilobase pair [kbp] unintegrated linear viral dna) and for two cloned subgenomic fragments: one was 3.8 kbp and lacked about 1 kbp from each side of the ecori site, and the second did not contain the 3 kbp of the unintegrated linear viral dna located o ...	1980	6251279
integrative recombination of bacteriophage lambda: extent of the dna sequence involved in attachment site function.	we have investigated the minimum extent of dna sequence required for the attachment site of bacteriophage lambda to function in integrative recombination. a dna fragment carrying the phage attachment site (attp) of bacteriophage lambda was trimmed, recloned, and tested for recombination proficiency. in order to recombine with the bacterial attachment site (attb), the phage attachment site must retain about 250 base pairs of its original sequence. on the left side, the essential sequence extends ...	1980	6251450
transformation of streptococcus pneumoniae with s. pneumoniae-lambda phage hybrid dna: induction of deletions.	the genetic fate of a fragment of streptococcus pneumoniae dna cloned into a derivative of the escherichia coli bacteriphage lambda has been studied in pneumococcal transformation. transforming activity of this hybrid dna is 8 times higher than standard s. pneumoniae dna. hybrid dna is mutagenic for the recipient bacteria. mutations are induced at a rate of 2 per 1000 transformation events. most of these mutations are deletions adjacent to the cloned pneumococcal fragment, starting at or near it ...	1980	6251465
cloning and direct examination of a structurally abnormal human beta 0-thalassemia globin gene.	restriction endonuclease mapping permitted identification of a form of beta 0-thalassemia in which a partial deletion of the beta-globin structural gene occurred [orkin, s. h., old, j. m., weatherall, d. j. & nathan, d. g. (1979) proc. natil. acad. sci. usa 76, 2400-2404]. to analyze its structure more directly, this abnormal human gene has now been cloned in bacteriophage lambda gtwes. restriction mapping of the cloned gene and of a normal beta-globin gene contained in the phage h beta g1 confi ...	1980	6251466
an e. coli gene product required for lambda site-specific recombination.	we report characteristics of hima mutations of e. coli, selected for their inability to support the site-specific recombination reaction involved in the formation of lysogens by bacteriophage lambda. the hima allele lies at minute 38 on the chromosome. three noncomplementing and closely linked mutations define the hima locus; one is a nonsense mutation which shows that the gene product is a protein. hima mutations reduce both lambda integrative and excisive site-specific recombination. since dom ...	1980	6251971
characterization of integrated moloney sarcoma proviruses and flanking host sequences cloned in bacteriophage lambda.		1980	6253208
fusion of the promoter region of rrna operon rrnb to lac z gene.	a lambda phage was constructed in which the structural gene for beta galactosidase is fused to a dna segment carrying the ribosomal promoter rrnb of e. coli. in this hybrid operon beta galactosidase synthesis in vitro is repressed by ppgpp. repression of beta galactosidase synthesis by camp is reported.	1980	6253913
cloning of v region fragments from mouse liver dna and localization of repetitive dna sequences in the vicinity of immunoglobulin gene segments.	two different kappa light chain genes have previously been isolated from one mouse myeloma. the v (variable, abbreviations in ref. 2) gene segments of the two genes were now used to identify their germline counterparts in ecori digests of mouse liver dna. in addition two sets of related v gene segments were found which hybridize with either of the two dna probes. five of the v region fragments of one set were cloned in a lambda phage vector and partially characterized by restriction mapping and ...	1980	6253945
dna sequence of the int-xis-pi region of the bacteriophage lambda; overlap of the int and xis genes.	the dna sequence of the int and xis genes of lambda bacteriophage, as well as that of the pi promoter and a region of unknown function beyond this, was determined by the chain termination procedure. the pribnow box sequence of the pi promoter lies just within the xis gene, and both possible sites of mrna initiation from pi are within the xis gene. the end of the xis gene in its turn overlaps the start of the int gene by 23 base pairs, in a different reading frame. this overlap may play a role in ...	1980	6253947
nucleotide sequences of integrated moloney sarcoma provirus long terminal repeats and their host and viral junctions.	integrated moloney murine sarcoma provirus (msv) has direct terminal repeat sequences (trs). we determined the nucleotide sequence of both 588-base-pair trs elements and the adjacent host and viral junctions of an integrated msv cloned in bacteriophage lambda. sequences were identified corresponding to the trnapro primer binding site in genomic rna and the reverse-transcribed minus strong stop dna. each 588-base-pair repeat contains putative sites for promoting rna synthesis and rna polyadenylyl ...	1980	6254003
separation of random fragments of dna according to properties of their sequences.	the separation of dna fragments by electrophoresis at high temperature in a denaturing gradient is independent of the length of the fragments. we have suggested that the basis of fragment separation is that each dna molecule undergoes partial melting as it encounters a concentration of denaturants sufficient to melt its least stable sequence, while other sequences remain double stranded; in the partially melted configuration, dna can continue migration only slowly. this model is consistent with ...	1980	6254023
novel bacteriophage lambda cloning vector.	a simple method for generating phage collections representing eukaryotic genomes has been developed by using a novel bacteriophage lambda vector, lambda 1059. the phage is a bamhi substitution vector that accommodates dna fragments 6-24 kilobases long. production of recombinants in lambda 1059 requires deletion of the lambda red and gamma genes. the recombinants are therefore spi- and may be separated from the spi+ vector phages by plating on strains lysogenic for bacteriophage p2. random fragme ...	1980	6254062
[molecular structure of hybrid phage phi80hy43].	the phage hybrid phi80hy43 derived from a vegetative cross phi80cihlambda x lambdacic17 was constructed for discrimination phi80mono- and polylysogens. molecular structure of this hybrid was established using heteroduplex analysis and restriction endonuclease ecori. it is found that the hybrid phi80hy43 represents a phage phi80 containing a foreign piece of dna between genes ci and 0. the length of this piece of dna comprises 0.7%, corresponding to the length of cy-cii region of th phage lambda. ...	1980	6254834
cloning of the replication gene o of e. coli bacteriophage lambda and its expression under the control of the lac promoter.	the expression of the replication gene o of bacteriophage lambda was put under the control of the lac promoter-operator region integrated into the pbr322 cloning vehicle. the new plasmid pkk104 was introduced into minicells and the o gene induced by isopropyl-beta-thiogalactoside (iptg). the o protein could be identified as a major component in extracts from these cells, in association with the cell membrane fractions. the molecular weight of the o protein in sds gels is about 33 000, and it is ...	1980	6254838
a bacteriophage lambda vector for cloning large dna fragments made with several restriction enzymes.	lambda derivatives are described that can be used for cloning dna fragments of about 20 kilobase pairs (kb) generated by restriction enzymes ecori, hindiii, bamhi, mboi and bglii. recombinants can be selected by their spi- phenotype and their propagation is facilitated by the presence of a chi site.	1980	6254843
bacteriophage lambda cloning vehicles for studies of genetic recombination.	a pair of bacteriophage lambda cloning vehicles has been constructed for use in studies of genetic recombination. these phages, lambda rva and lambda rvb, have the following properties: (1) each vector has a single hindiii site in the immunity region, at which segments of dna can be inserted. (2) these hindiii sites are flanked by selectable markers with the following phenotypes: spi+/- (fec+/-) to the left, and imm lambda or imm434 to the right. (3) there is essentially no sequence homology bet ...	1980	6254844
the cii-independent expression of the phage lambda int gene in rnase iii-defective e. coli.	this study compares the rates of lambda protein synthesis after infection of rnc- cells, which are defective in ribonuclease iii (rnase iii), with the analogous rates in an isogenic rnc+ host. temporal differences in gene expression are reflected in a delay in turn-off of lambda early proteins as well as in the delayed appearance of late phage functions in rnc- host cells. moreover, in the two hosts there is a striking difference in the regulation of gene int expression, which in wild-type cells ...	1980	6254850
the dnaz protein, the gamma subunit of dna polymerase iii holoenzyme of escherichia coli.	the dnaz protein has been purified to near-homogeneity using an in vitro complementation assay that measures the restoration of activity in a crude enzyme fraction from the dnaz mutant deficient in the replication of phi x174 dna. over 70-fold overproduction of the protein was obtained with a bacteriophage lambda lysogen carrying the dnaz gene. the purified protein, under reducing and denaturing conditions, has a molecular weight of 52,000 and appears to be a dimer in its native form. the dnaz p ...	1980	6254978
frequent site-specific deletion of coliphage lambda murine sarcoma virus recombinants and its use in the identification of a retrovirus integration site.	stocks of hybrid lambda phages carrying the complete integrated provirus of either m1 or ht1 moloney murine sarcoma virus, as well as flanking host sequences, frequently contain significant numbers of phages carrying a specific deletion. this deletion arises from a recombination event between the terminally repeated sequences in the provirus that deletes the unique moloney murine sarcoma virus sequences bracketed by the terminally repeated sequences. physical mapping has shown that the deletion ...	1980	6255187
molecular cloning of unintegrated and a portion of integrated moloney murine leukemia viral dna in bacteriophage lambda.	a covalently closed circular form of unintegrated viral dna obtained from nih 3t3 cells freshly infected with moloney murine leukemia virus (m-mlv) and a port of the endogenous m-mlv from the balb/mo mouse strain have been cloned in bacteriophage lambda. the unintegrated viral dna was cleaved with restriction endonuclease hindiii and inserted into the single hindiii site of lambda phage charon 21a. similarly high-molecular-weight dna from balb/mo mice ws cleaved sequentially with restriction end ...	1980	6255210
the origin of q-independent derivatives of phage lambda.	lambda qsr' (q-independent) phages are characterised by the replacement of the region of the lambda genome that contains q, s, r, and the late gene promoter, p'r, with host-derived dna that codes for functions analogous to those deleted. restriction endonuclease analysis and dna/dna hybridisation methods have been used to show that lambda p4 and lambda qin a3, two such q-independent phages, are the product of recombination between lambda and a defective lambdoid prophage (the qsr' prophage) loca ...	1980	6255285
the hsd (host specificity) genes of e. coli k 12.	the hsd genes of e. coli k 12 have been cloned in phage lambda by a combination of in vitro and in vivo techniques. three genes, whose products are required for k-specific restriction and modification, have been identified by complementation tests as hsdr, m and s. the order of these closely linked genes was established as r, m, s by analysis of the dna of genetically characterised deletion derivatives of lambda hsd phages. the three genes are transcribed in the same direction but not necessaril ...	1980	6255295
an endonuclease isolated from epstein-barr virus-producing human lymphoblastoid cells.	an endonuclease has been isolated from human b lymphoblastoid cells that copurifies with an exonucleolytic activity and has been shown to produce double-strand breaks and a high proportion of single-strandedness in phage lambda dna in vitro. the data are consistent with a model in which single-strand cuts are made by the endonucleolytic activity, possibly in a+t-rich regions of the dna, followed by creation of single-stranded regions (gaps) precessing from the site of a cut. generation of overla ...	1980	6255479
subcloning of the histone dna sequences of phage lambda sam 7 h 22 in plasmid pbr 322.	the histone dna sequences of the hind iii cluster of the sea urchin psammechinus miliaris which are carried by the chimeric phage dna of lambda sam 7 h 22 have been subcloned in plasmid p br 322. due to this procedure single segments of the cluster have been separated from each other and are available as gene specific hybridization probes.	1980	6255695
the ral gene of phage lambda. i. identification of a non-essential gene that modulates restriction and modification in e. coli.	host controlled restriction in escherichia coli can be relieved by pre-infecting restricting cells with modified lambda helper phages. this process, in which intact unmodified phage genomes are allowed to escape restriction attack, is mediated by a newly identified lambda function called ral. the ral gene has been located by deletion mapping between ciii and n. efficient expression of the ral gene requires the product of the regulator gene n. polyacrylamide gel analysis of the lambda proteins sp ...	1980	6256607
the ral gene of phage lambda. ii. isolation and characterization of ral deficient mutants.	the lambda ral function modulates the restriction and modification activities of the escherichia coli k12 and b restriction enzymes (zabeau et al., 1980). in order to further analyse this function, ral deficient mutants have been isolated, using a method which exploits the property of the strong mutagen n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (n.g.) to induce multiple closely linked mutations. hence, mutagenized phages carrying mutations in one locus were frequently found to contain additional muta ...	1980	6256608
the ral gene of phage lambda. iii. interference with e. coli atp dependent functions.	the ral gene of phage lambda has previously been shown to counteract host controlled restriction and to enhance dna modification in escherichia coli (zabeau et al., 1980). the studies presented in this paper demonstrate that although ral plays only a minor role in the lytic development of phage lambda, it counteracts different e. coli functions, which, like the e. coli restriction system, are atp dependent. first, ral was found to specifically decrease the efficiency of recombination mediated by ...	1980	6256609
isolation of yeast genes with mrna levels controlled by phosphate concentration.	a library of dna from the yeast, saccharomyces cerevisiae, was constructed in phage lambda charon 4 vector and then screened by differential plaque filter hybridization for genes induced by phosphate starvation. two ecori fragments of 7.9 and 5.0 kilobase pairs that contained such genes were isolated. these cloned fragments may each carry one of the several copies of the genes for the repressible acid phosphatase of yeast. the fragments were use to examine mrna levels of these genes in regulator ...	1980	6256743
initiation of dna replication in a cole1-type plasmid: isolation of mutations in the ori region.	we have constructed a plaque-forming hybrid phage, lambda sn4, which behaves as a composite replicon of the lambda phage and a mini-cole1 plasmid. from the hybrid phage, plaque-type mutants altered in the ability to replicate as a cole1 replicon were isolated. these mutations were designated as cer, signifying cole1 replication defective. one of such mutants, lambda sn4cer6, was studied further. the mutant dna was unable to replicate in vivo if expression and function of its lambda replicon were ...	1980	6256758
tandem duplication induced by an unusual ampa1-, ampc-transducing lambda phage: a probe to initiate gene amplification.	secondary attachment site lambda-lysogens were isolated in an escherichia coli strain carrying multiple tandem 9.8 kb repeats. the repeat carried the structural gene for chromosomal beta-lactamase, ampc. one lysogen produced lysates with amp-transducing activity. three types of phages with different densities were obtained from this lysogen. the one with the lowest density was found to be a helper lambda ci857s7 phage. the other two phage showed identical restriction endonuclease fragmentation p ...	1980	6258021
identification of the dnaa and dnan gene products of escherichia coli.	a specialized transducing lambda phage carrying the dnan genes of escherichia coli specifies two proteins of about 41 and 48 kilodaltons (kd). the temperature-sensitive mutations, dnan59 and dnaa167, were found to result in altered isoelectric points of the 41 and 48 kd proteins, respectively. thus the dnan gene product was identified as a weakly acidic 41 and 48 kd protein. the synthesis of the dnan gene product is greatly reduced by insertion of a transposon tn3 in the dnaa gene and by deletio ...	1980	6258023
identification of a second cryptic lambdoid prophage locus in the e. coli k12 chromosome.	in addition to the cryptic lambdoid prophage genes that are known to reside at the rac locus in escherichia coli k12 strains, a second cryptic lambdoid prophage has been located near the gal operon. this prophage was shown to contain dna that is homologous to the qsr genes of lambda phage.	1980	6258029
chi mutation in a transposon and the orientation-dependence of chi phenotype.	chi, an element that stimulates recombination via the e. coli recbc pathway, can arise by spontaneous mutation in the transposon tn5. when in phage lambda in one orientation, the mutant transposon confers chi+ phenotype (large plaque and a high rate of exchange near the transposon). in the other orientation, however, the transposon does not confer chi+ phenotype. the mobility of the transposon allows us to show that the chi+ orientation of the mutant tn5 is the same at different locations in lam ...	1980	6259016
molecular cloning, correlation of genetic and restriction maps, and determination of the direction of transcription of gnd of escherichia coli.	expression of the gene gnd of escherichia coli, which encodes 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, is regulated by growth rate. using deoxyribonucleic acid from the specialized transducing phage lambda h80 dgnd his as the source of gnd, we cloned restriction fragments carrying the complete gene and portions of it on the plasmid vector pbr322. a hybrid plasmid carrying a 3.7-megadalton hindiii restriction fragment from the phage was prepared and found to be gnd+. through restriction mapping of this ...	1980	6259121
[nuclear translocation and effect of camp-dependent protein kinase on transcription].	the influence of camp-dependent pig brain protein kinase and its subunits on transcription in vitro was studied. the increase in the template activity of chromatin isolated from the nuclei after treatment with the catalytic subunit was observed. the regulatory subunit of protein kinase was found to increase the number of binding sites for rna polymerase on chromatin. the camp-dependent pig brain protein kinase was found to phosphorylate the sigma-factor of escherichia coli rna polymerase. this p ...	1980	6260240
cloning of the exonuclease iii gene of escherichia coli.	overproducers of exonuclease iii (exo iii) were found within a colony bank containing cole1-escherichia coli hybrid plasmids. through the enzymatic ligation of restriction enzyme fragments, the exo iii gene, xth, was transferred to a thermoinducible, integration-proficient lambda phage and to a chimeric cole1-lambda plasmid that was thermoinducible for lambda-directed dna replication. transfer of the xth gene was facilitated by a technique involving prior selection for tn5 insertions into plasmi ...	1980	6260569
a plasmid cloning vehicle allowing a positive selection for inserted fragments.	we describe a plasmid cloning vehicle, ptr262, which allows a strong positive selection (resistance to tetracycline) for transformants bearing plasmids which have dna insertions. ptr262 is derived from plasmid pbr322 and contains the ci gene and adjacent regulator region orpr or the bacteriophage lambda. the expression of the tetracycline resistance (tet-r) gene(s) in ptr262 requires transcription from pr and is repressed by the ci gene product, lambda repressor. insertion of a dna fragment into ...	1980	6260582
infectivities of native and cloned dna of cauliflower mosaic virus.	infectivity assays on turnips reveal that (i) cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) dna, whether circular or linear, is as infectious as the complete virus; (ii) linear dna obtained with restriction enzymes from the native camv dna has the same specific infectivity as when first cloned in plasmid (pbr322) or bacteriophage (lambda gtwes) vectors and then restricted at the cloning site; (iii) in all cases studied mosaic symptoms are accompanied by virus production. dna isolated from these viruses is aga ...	1980	6260583
cloning the gene for ribonuclease e, an rna processing enzyme.	a transducing bacteriophage lambda ch25rne+, which codes for ribonuclease e of e. coli, has been isolated. to achieve this a random library of escherichia coli hindiii fragments was cloned in the lambda charon 25 vector (prepared in f.r. blattner's laboratory), and lambda ch25rne+ was selected by its ability upon lysogenization to enable a temperature-sensitive (ts) rne-3071 mutant to grow and to exhibit normal rna processing at the nonpermissive temperature of 45 degrees c. the level of rnase e ...	1980	6260592
tn903 induces inverted duplications in the chromosome of bacteriophage lambda.		1980	6267289
restriction endonucleases from three strains of haemophilus influenzae.	the restriction endonucleases, hin p1 i1), hin s1 i and hin s2 i are isolated from three strains of haemophilus influenzae respectively. by polymin p treatment, ammonium sulphate, precipitation and column chromatography on phosphocellulose and on heparin-sepharose hin p1 i is partially purified. no contaminating deoxyribonuclease activities have been detected in this purified enzyme preparation. the fact that the digestion patterns of hin p2 i and hha i on phage lambda, plasmids cole1 an pbr 322 ...	1980	6262907
the ecori restriction endonuclease with bacteriophage lambda dna. kinetic studies.	the kinetics of the reactions of the ecori restriction endonuclease at individual recognition sites on the dna from bacteriophage lambda were found to differ markedly from site to site. under certain conditions of ph and ionic strength, the rates for the cleavage of the dna were the same at each recognition site. but under altered experimental conditions, different reaction rates were observed at each recognition site. these results are consistent with a mechanism in which the kinetic stability ...	1980	6263249
the ecori restriction endonuclease with bacteriophage lambda dna. equilibrium binding studies.	the ecori restriction endonuclease was found by the filter binding technique to form stable complexes, in the absence of mg2+, with the dna from derivatives of bacteriophage lambda that either contain or lack ecori recognition sites. the amount of complex formed at different enzyme concentrations followed a hyperbolic equilibrium-binding curve with dna molecules containing ecori recognition sites, but a sigmoidal equilibrium-binding curve was obtained with a dna molecule lacking ecori recognitio ...	1980	6263250
is5 increases recombination in adjacent regions as shown for the repressor gene of coliphage lambda.		1980	6265321
construction of coliphage lambda charon vectors with bamhi cloning sites.		1980	6265323
recombination between higher plant dna and the ti plasmid of agrobacterium tumefaciens.	the ti plasmid sequences (t-dna) from the octopine-producing crown gall tumor a6s/2 were isolated by molecular cloning, using the bacteriophage lambda vector charon 4a. analysis of the cloned dna segments indicates that the ti plasmid sequences are covalently joined to plant nuclear dna. these data demonstrate that genetic recombination between a eukaryote and a prokaryote can occur as a natural phenomenon.	1980	16592915
a rho-recognition site on phage lambda cro-gene mrna.	the synthesis of rna catalysed by rna polymerase from escherichia coli is terminated at specific sites on dna templates through the action of a multimeric basic protein known as rho (refs 1, 2). three lines of evidence suggest that an interactions of rho with the nascent rna is important for this termination. first, rho binds strongly to rna; second, rho expresses an rna-dependent atpase activity which is essential for termination; third, rna polymerase does not terminate rna synthesis at rho-de ...	1980	6444243
e. coli reca protein-directed cleavage of phage lambda repressor requires polynucleotide.	the reca protein mediates both genetic recombination and several cellular responses to dna damage, including the induction of temperate bacteriophage. indication of phage lambda results from proteolytic cleavage of lambda repressor directed by reca protein. we show here that this cleavage reaction requires both polynucleotide and atp. we suggest that a stoichiometric complex of reca protein and dna is active both to destroy repressors by proteolytic cleavage and to initiate pairing of this dna t ...	1980	6444245
morphogenetic genes c and nu3 overlap in bacteriophage lambda.	in bacteriophage lambda, genes c and nu3, two of the four cistrons which are essential for normal prohead formation, have overlapping nucleotide sequences. these genes are translated in the same reading frame so that the nu3 protein is identical to the cooh-terminal one-third of the c protein. this structural relationship may provide for the functional interaction of the c and nu3 proteins through their regions of structural homology during prohead assembly. the in-phase overlapping organisation ...	1980	6444246
[transposition of the kanamycin resistance determinant (tn601) from plasmid 5t to the genome of bacteriophage lambda and the expression of this gene after prophage induction].	tn601, determinging kanamycin resistance of escherichia coli, has been transposed into the bacteriophage lambda genome from r6 plasmid. after curing lambda gtc1857 (tn601) lysogenes on the kanamycin containing medium, the clones with stable and unstable integrations of the tn6-1 into the chromosome were obtained. after the lysogenization of these clones with the phage lambda att80c1857s7, the phages lambda att80c1857s7 (tn601) were obtained. these phages contained the tn601 from the sites of sta ...	1980	6444394
purification of the gene n transcription anti-termination protein of bacteriophage lambda.		1980	6444410
expression of prokaryotic genes inserted into cole1 and pvh51 plasmids.	one of the dna fragments obtained from ecori digests of guaa-transducing lambda phage dna contains the intact bacterial guaa gene at its one end and the lambda phage r gene at the other end. this dna fragment, named coslambda-guaa, does not contain promoter-operator regions of the gua operon and of the lambda phage r gene, coslambda-guaa dna fragments were inserted in two different orientations into respective dnas of ecori-cleaved cole1 and pvh151 (= mini cole1). mitomycin c stimulated the guaa ...	1980	6444526
dimeric intermediates of recombination in phage lambda.	biparental lambda phage dna dimers formed by the rec recombination system of e. coli were isolated in the absence of dna replication and phage maturation. the reca but not the recb gene is required for dimer formation. dimers are primarily circular but can also be branched circular or linear. in circular dimers the crossover points are distributed uniformly along the chromosome, even in the presence of the recb-dependent chi recombinational hotspots. thus in the absence of dna synthesis and matu ...	1980	6444545
purification and characterization of the integration protein specified by bacteriophage lambda.		1980	6444632
on inactivation of bacteriophage lambda by hydroxylamine.	hydroxylamine is a mutagen which is much more active on single-stranded dna than on double-stranded dna. it is shown here that the cohesive ends of lambda dna, with 10 cytidine residues, constitute a hydroxylamine target roughly equal in magnitude to the entire duplex part of the molecule, which contains ca. 25 000 cytidine residues.	1980	6444693
w-reactivation and w-mutagenesis of lambda phage damaged by methyl methanesulfonate in reca and lexa strains of escherichia coli.		1980	6444694
specificity of diffusion channels produced by lambda phage receptor protein of escherichia coli.	the lamb protein, the receptor for phage lambda, was purified from the outer membrane of escherichia coli k-12 by extraction with triton x-100 and edta, chromatography on deae-sephacel in triton x-100, exchange of triton for cholate by gel filtration, and chromatography on sephacryl s-200 in cholate, nacl, and edta. the purified protein appeared to exist as several oligomeric species. in an equilibrium retention assay with reconstituted vesicles containing phospholipids and lipopolysaccharide, t ...	1980	6444720
formation and repair of dna double-strand breaks in superinfecting phage lambda after ionizing irradiation of escherichia coli host cells.		1980	6444747
extraordinary stability of the receptor of bacteriophage lambda.	the phage lambda receptor, previously shown to be a major outer membrane protein of mr = 47 000 in maltose-grown escherichia coli k12 (braun, v. and krieger-brauer, h.j. (1977) biochim. biophys. acta 469, 89--98), was found to be unusually resistant against the denaturants sodium dodecyl sulfate, urea and guanidine hydrochloride. a new isolation procedure for active phage lambda receptor, based on its resistance against pronase and hot sodium dodecyl sulfate, is described. the electrophoretic mo ...	1980	6444833
mutagenesis of ultraviolet-irradiated lambda phage by host cell irradiation: induction of weigle mutagenesis is not an all-or-none process.	ultraviolet mutagenesis of lambda phage to clear plaque formers is the same in the total phage population and in subpopulations of phage which have also mutated to gam- or at an amber codon. this is true for phage assayed in host cells in which weigle mutagenesis has been either partially induced by low levels of ultraviolet irradiation, or fully induced by higher levels. if induction of weigle mutagenesis were all-or-none, clear plaque formers in phage subpopulations selected for another mutati ...	1980	6445034
cross-link formation of phage lambda dna in situ photochemically induced by the furocoumarin derivative angelicin.	the combined action of 365 nm ultraviolet light and xanthotoxin or angelicin inhibits the injection of phage lambda into the host. for both furocoumarin derivatives the inhibition of injection is discussed in terms of photochemically induced cross-linking of the dna inside the phage heads; cross-linking of dna has previously been described for xanthotoxin (musajo, l. and rodighiero, g. (1972) in photophysiology (giese, a.c., ed.), vol. vii, pp. 115-147, academic press, new york and scott, b.r., ...	1980	6445206
induction and repair of double- and single-strand dna breaks in bacteriophage lambda superinfecting escherichia coli.	induction and repair of double- and single-strand dna breaks have been measured after decays of 125i and 3h incorporated into the dna and after external irradiation with 4 mev electrons. for the decay experiments, cells of wild type escherichia coli k-12 were superinfected with bacteriophage lambda dna labelled with 5'-(125i)iodo-2'-deoxyuridine or with (methyl-3h)thymidine and frozen in liquid nitrogen. aliquots were thawed at intervals and lysed at neutral ph, and the phage dna was assayed for ...	1980	6445341
the structure of the bacteriophage lambda head studied by protein cross-linking.		1980	6445425
bacteriophage lambda repressor and cro protein: interactions with operator dna.		1980	6445470