Publications

[accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the ovary of the eel (anguilla anguilla l.) in vitro under the effect of carp gonadotropin or ovine lutropin: kinetics and thermodependence].	cyclic amp (camp) in pieces of eel ovary was greatly increased in vitro by the gonadotropin (cgth) of carp, another teleost fish; after one hour at 20 degrees c, maximal stimulation = 31.7 and e.d. 50 = 0.08 micrograms/ml. ovine lutropin (olh) had less effect (maximal stimulation: 2.35; e.d. 50: 1.42 micrograms/ml); its action suggested that it involved a subfraction (olh/cgth rac) of the receptor-adenylate cyclase (rac) systems which mediate the action of cgth. another difference was the percen ...	1986	3012723
beta-2 adrenergic receptors are not only for circulating catecholamines in ventricular muscles of carp heart (cyprinus carpio).	whether beta-2 adrenergic receptors are only for the circulating catecholamines in isolated ventricular muscles of carp heart was studied. isoproterenol, epinephrine and norepinephrine had concentration dependent positive inotropic effects. the ed50 values for isoproterenol, epinephrine and norepinephrine were 6.23 +/- 1.9, 87.3 +/- 27.3 and 4500 +/- 580 nm, respectively. phentolamine did not alter the inotropic effects. tyramine increases the force of contraction and this action was completely ...	1986	2871987
hormones with adrenocorticotropic and opiate-like activities from the carp (cyprinus carpio) pituitary.	carp (cyprinus carpio) pituitary acetone powder was extracted with a mixture of water, hydrochloric acid and acetone. an acid acetone powder was formed by adding the pituitary extract into a large volume of chilled acetone and subsequently recovering the precipitate. the powder was subjected to ion exchange chromatography on cm cellulose. fractions adsorbed on the ion exchanger exhibited acth-like activity as evidenced in the ability to stimulate lipolysis in isolated hamster adipocytes and cort ...	1986	2879705
biology and histopathology of thelohanellus hovorkai achmerov, 1960 (myxosporea, myxozoa), a protozoan parasite of the common carp (cyprinus carpio).		1986	2953194
applicability of coagglutination test for detecting aeromonas salmonicida antigens from extracts of bacterial cultures and experimentally infected tissues of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).		1986	2953200
effects of direct immersion in antigen on immunological memory in young carp, cyprinus carpio.	the study asks whether, in fish, antigens encountered early in life can prime the immune system to yield memory responses on subsequent challenge with the same antigen and, if so, whether positive immunity or immunological tolerance is induced. the direct immersion method of vaccination was used to prime 4 week old carp, cyprinus carpio, and was compared with priming by injection. three different forms of antigen were used: the thymus dependent antigen, human gamma globulin (hgg) in soluble and ...	1986	2429432
preparation and some properties of carp heavy meromyosin.	trypsin fragments carp myosin heavy chain into components of lower molecular weight. these changes are concomitant with the loss of ca2+-atpase and a weakening in actin-myosin interaction. as heavy meromyosin (hmm) prepared from myofibrils is more homogeneous, the above changes are due to overfragmentation of heavy chain mass. amino-acid composition of carp and rabbit hmm's are similar, but differences exist in response to dtnb and incorporation.	1986	2434053
thermodynamics of carp metmyoglobin unfolding.	the conformational free energy of carp lateral muscle metmyoglobin at 25 degrees c ph 8 is 9.0 +/- 0.5 kcal/mol as estimated from isothermal unfolding by both urea and guanidinium chloride. a novel procedure for the simultaneous analysis of acid and guanidinium chloride unfolding data is described. acid denaturation data suggest that binding of five protons to histidyl residues occurs on unfolding. correlation of sequences and conformational stabilities of several myoglobins according to the ter ...	1986	3956157
[immunoenzyme (elisa) diagnosis of spring viremia in carp].	the enzymoimmunologic (elisa) method was used to diagnose spring viremia in carp. the specific antibodies to rhabdovirus carpio in the fish sera were detected by this method. reaction specificity was tested by the use of viral and control antigens, by examination of positive and negative sera and by serum-free control incubation. applying the elisa method, the antiviral antibodies can be detected after infection or vaccination: this method is therefore suitable for thorough studies and when choo ...	1986	3094221
immunological relationship among glycogen-protein complexes of different species.	glycogen-protein complexes from the muscles of celerio euphorbiae and horse as well as from the livers of frog, carp and man were isolated and used as antigens. after immunization of rabbits antisera were obtained from which fractions of immunoglobulins were isolated. antibodies were used in agar immunodiffusion tests and in quantitative reaction of immunoprecipitation with glycogens. the immunoprecipitation test proved the occurrence of quantitative differences in cross reaction of complexes wi ...	1986	3109350
distribution of pancreatic elastase and metalloproteinase in vertebrates.	elastase-like enzymes were detected as zymogens in all of the pancreatic extracts from the gummy shark, bullhead shark, angel shark, smooth hammerhead, bestel, rainbow trout, carp, eel, japanese mackerel, yellowtail, sea bass, parrotfish, bullfrog, chicken, bluewhite dolphin, hog, rat, cat, and dog. the distribution of pancreatic elastase and metalloproteinase was examined on the basis of the effect of specific inhibitors on elastase like-activity in each extract. the results indicate that pancr ...	1986	3484693
phylogenetic studies on lymphokines. fish lymphocytes respond to human il-1 and epithelial cells produce an il-1 like factor.	the results obtained indicate, that catfish peripheral blood lymphocytes recognize and respond to human il-1. the second part of this report is dealing with a substance produced by carp epidermal cells with functional similarities to mammalian il-1.	1986	3490047
cadmium-binding protein (metallothionein) in carp.	when carp (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to 5 and 30 ppm cd in the water, the contents of cd-binding protein, which has low molecular weight, increased in the hepatopancreas, kidney, gills and gastrointestinal tract with the duration of exposure. this cd-binding protein was purified from hepatopancreas, kidney, gills, and spleen of carp administered 2 mg/kg cd (as cdcl2), intraperitoneally for 6 days. two cd-binding proteins were separated by deae-sephadex a-25 column chromatography. these prote ...	1986	3519201
immunohistochemical localization of urotensins i and ii in the caudal neurosecretory neurons of the carp cyprinus carpio and the sharks heterodontus japonicus and cephaloscyllium umbratile.	using antisera to urotensins i and ii (ui and uii), in the carp, cyprinus carpio, three types of caudal neurosecretory neurons were identified: those with both ui- and uii-immunoreactivities, those with only ui-immunoreactivity and those with only uii-immunoreactivity. the last type of neurons exceeded the other types in number, while neurons immunoreactive with both ui and uii antisera were relatively few. the axons of neurons of these three types terminated around the capillaries in the urophy ...	1986	3524503
neuropeptide y (npy) immunoreactive neurons in the retina of different species.	neurons displaying neuropeptide y (npy) immunoreactivity were found among amacrine cells in the retina of baboon, pig, cat, pigeon, chicken, frog, trout, carp and goldfish. the immunoreactive cell bodies were located in the middle and the innermost cell rows of the inner nuclear layer with processes forming one, two or three more or less well-defined sublayers in the inner plexiform layer. the location and the density of the sublayers varied with the species investigated. in the frog retina, bip ...	1986	3546220
the thyroxine-stimulating activity is only present in the glycoprotein and not in the protein fraction of a carp hypophyseal homogenate.	the in vivo release of thyroxine (t4) in the carp (cyprinus carpio) and the in vitro release of t4 in the frog (rana ridibunda) from isolated thyroids were used as a bioassay to study the thyrotropic activity of carp hypophyses. the addition of up to 1 hypophyseal equivalent to the medium did not increase the in vitro release of t4 from isolated frog thyroids in november whereas 3 mu of bovine thyrotropin (b-tsh) was effective. however, when this experiment was repeated at the end of february, t ...	1986	3557057
inhibitory effect of carp muscle trypsin inhibitor on mammalian pancreatic proteinases.	carp muscle trypsin inhibitor showed an inhibitory effect on bovine trypsin, bovine alpha-chymotrypsin and porcine elastase in a non-competitive, competitive and competitive manner, respectively. the inhibitor formed a stable complex with the above proteinases which was not dissociated in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol and sds. the true target proteinase for carp muscle trypsin inhibitor, as yet unknown, seems to be an alpha-chymotrypsin- or elastase-like enzyme rather than trypsin, judging f ...	1986	3633776
in-vitro binding of gonadotrophin to fish ovary.	binding of piscine and mammalian gonadotrophin to plasma membranes from the ovaries of a fish, the murrel (channa punctatus), clearly suggests that the fish ovary possesses distinct and specific binding sites for both piscine and mammalian gonadotrophins. maximum specific binding of 125i-labelled human chorionic gonadotrophin (125i-hcg) and 125i-labelled silver carp gonadotrophin (125i-scg) was obtained at 30 degrees c and ph 7.5 during 2 h of incubation. in competitive binding studies, binding ...	1986	3643250
1h nmr spectroscopic studies of calcium-binding proteins. 2. histidine microenvironments in alpha- and beta-parvalbumins as determined by protonation and laser photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization effects.	the microenvironments of the histidines in three isoforms of ca(ii)-bound parvalbumin (carp, pi = 4.25; pike, pi = 5.00; rat, pi = 5.50) have been examined with 1h nmr techniques to probe their protonation characteristics and photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarizability (photo-cidnp). the histidine at position 26 (or 25), present in all three of these proteins, shows absolutely no photo-cidnp enhancement of its c2h or c5h resonances. nor does this nonpolarizable histidine possess a nor ...	1986	3707913
resonance raman spectroscopic evidence that carp deoxyhemoglobin remains in a t-like quaternary structure at high ph: implications for cooperativity.	resonance raman spectroscopy shows the fe-proximal imidazole stretching band to shift from 215 to 219 cm-1 between human deoxyhemoglobin (deoxy-hb) and a hb sample which is 75% oxygenated, demonstrating that the t-r quaternary structure switch can be monitored by resonance raman spectroscopy in native hb at equilibrium. for deoxy-hb from carp, the band is at 215 cm-1 at ph 9 as well as ph 6, contrary to previous reports of an elevated frequency at high ph. the invariance of this frequency over a ...	1986	3707921
characterization of lens crystallins and their mrna from the carp lenses.	crystallins from carp eye lenses have been isolated and characterized by gel permeation chromatography, sds-gel electrophoresis, immunodiffusion and amino acid analysis. gamma-crystallin is the most abundant class of crystallins and constitutes over 55% of the total lens cytoplasmic proteins. it is immunologically distinct from the alpha- and beta-crystallins isolated from the same lens and its antiserum shows a very weak cross-reaction to total pig lens antigens. comparison of the amino acid co ...	1986	3707973
annual cyclical changes in the testicular activity of an indian freshwater major carp, labeo rohita (hamilton).	different male germ cells identified on the basis of histological and cytological characteristics in the testicular lobules of labeo rohita have been grouped into spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa. the seasonal changes of the testis in l. rohita have been described according to its morphological peculiarities as well as to its variations in gonadal volumes, gsi values and frequency percentages of the different male germ cells occurring in t ...	1986	3710120
galactosyl-binding lectins from the tunicate didemnum candidum. purification and physicochemical characterization.	the plasma of the ascidian didemnum candidum possesses lectin activity directed toward galactosyl moieties. we report the purification by affinity chromatography, the physicochemical properties, amino acid composition, and partial n-terminal amino acid sequence of two galactosyl-binding lectins d. candidum lectins i and ii (dcl-i and dcl-ii) from the plasma of this protochordate species. both lectins were purified by affinity chromatography (on acid-treated sepharose 4b and asialofetuin conjugat ...	1986	3722194
radioimmunoassays for fish tail neuropeptides: i. development of assay and measurement of immunoreactive urotensin i in catostomus commersoni brain, pituitary, and plasma.	antisera were raised in rabbits using highly purified urotensin i (ui) or ui (4-41) conjugated with high-molecular-weight proteins. antiserum 2u4, at a final dilution of 1:300,000, gave 50% binding to iodinated ui (specific activity 40-120 microci/micrograms). carp (cyprinus carpio) and sucker (catostomus commersoni) ui peptides cross-reacted completely with the antiserum. results from cross-reactivity tests using various tryptic and staphylococcus aureus protease fragments of ui indicated that ...	1986	3724203
protein digestion and amino acid absorption along the intestine of the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.), a stomachless fish: an in vivo study.	protein hydrolysis to peptides and free amino acids and the apparent absorption of amino acids (aaaa) were evaluated in different segments of carp intestine. the aaaa analysed using cr2o3 as a marker indicated that 73.2% of the amino acids were absorbed in the first 20% of the intestinal tract and 5.3 and 21.5, respectively, in the following segments (20% of gut length). except for methionine and histidine, essential free amino acid concentration decreased significantly along the intestine. of t ...	1986	3749594
pronephric leucocytes of cyprinus carpio: isolation, separation and characterization.	since the teleost pronephros is an important source of diverse immunocytes, suspensions of pronephric cells from young adult carp have been characterized. in freshly prepared suspensions, adherent, spreading cells (macrophages?) constituted less than 3% of the total population. granulocytes and lymphocytes were co-dominant (less than 80%) leucocyte types. continuous percoll density gradient centrifugation yielded discrete subpopulations with these rho values and cytological characteristics: frac ...	1986	3765337
blood changes in carp (cyprinus carpio) induced by ulcerative aeromonas salmonicida infections.	only recently aeromonas salmonicida has been recognized as a significant bacterial pathogen in ulcerative disease of cyprinid fish. our attempts to formulate a vaccine based on bacterial surface antigens were unsuccessful in conferring reliable protection against lethal challenge. this lead us to study pathological changes in the humoral defense system during ulcerative a. salmonicida infection in carp. high numbers of opportunist pathogens such as a. hydrophila and pseudomonas sp. were frequent ...	1986	3765352
does aeromonas salmonicida affect the immune system of carp, cyprinus carpio l.?	aeromonas salmonicida is a significant bacterial pathogen of cyprinid and salmonid fishes causing the systemic disease furunculosis. several observations led us to believe that a. salmonicida was able to evade or suppress the immune system of the fish: injection of whole bacteria or surface antigens was unsuccessful at protecting fish against lethal challenges; memory did not develop in survivors of sublethal infections; diseased fish often carried other opportunistic bacterial pathogens in addi ...	1986	3765353
the influence of environmental temperature and infection route on the immune response of carp (cyprinus carpio) to spring viremia of carp virus (svcv).	carp infected by water route and by injection of svcv developed neutralizing antibodies within 2-8 weeks at water temperatures between 10-20 degrees c. at 10 degrees c svcv persisted 12 weeks in the blood of carp although antibodies were present. immunized carp showed a solid protective immunity to svcv.	1986	3765360
analysis of zeros of binding polynomials for tetrameric hemoglobins.	a quantitative measure of the validity of the mwc description of cooperative binding equilibria has been obtained which uses only the adair constants. this is accomplished through simple relationships using the zeros of the adair binding polynomial and unique properties of the zeros of mwc polynomials as described in the accompanying paper (w.e. briggs, biophys. chem. 24 (1986) 311). the method is applied to oxygen binding to a large number of hemoglobins under a wide variety of conditions. in m ...	1986	3768473
immunization of carp (cyprinus carpio) with a vibrio anguillarum bacterin: indications for a common mucosal immune system.	uptake and transport of formalin-killed vibrio anguillarum bacteria were studied in the second gut segment of carp and the resulting reaction of the immune system was investigated. within a few hours after anal administration antigenic determinants of bacteria were present in intraepithelial macrophages of the second gut segment. in gut and skin mucus and bile, immunoglobulins (ig's) were detected, but the amount was much lower than found in serum. in mucus of the second gut segment, 4 times mor ...	1986	3770268
species variation of gonadotropic activity in an in vitro assay measuring androgen formation by carp (cyprinus carpio) testis with special reference to bioassay of piscine gonadotropins.	the objectives of this study were to establish a suitable and validated in vitro bioassay of piscine gonadotropins (gths) by using a carp testis androgen production system and to compare the androgenic responses in such an assay to gonadotropins from various vertebrate species. the testes from mature carp with gonadosomatic indices of 8-30% were used. androgen production was first compared with respect to methods for preparation of the carp testis (sliced, minced, homogenized, and collagenase-di ...	1986	3770434
[interaction of histone h1 molecules in a solution].	molecules of histones h1 isolated from the calf thymus, carp testicles and spermatozoa as well as trypsin-stable fragments of these proteins have been studied from the standpoint of their structure and interaction using methods of differential spectrophotometry, gel filtration and turbidimetry. the globular structure of histone h1 of the calf thymus is formed with an increase in the ionic strength of the medium and it is eluted as dimer with gel chromatography. with a considerable local increase ...	1986	3775878
development and validation of a salmon growth hormone radioimmunoassay.	a highly specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay (ria) for the measurement of plasma and pituitary growth hormone (gh) levels in salmonid fishes was developed using an anti-serum raised in rabbit against chum salmon (oncorhynchus keta) gh (sgh). pituitary extracts and plasma from chum, coho, masu, and amago salmon, and from rainbow trout and japanese charr, all exhibited displacement curves parallel to the sgh standard. samples from the eel, carp, goldfish, and tilapia, as well as plasma from hy ...	1986	3781223
morphology of physiologically identified bipolar cells in the retina of the tiger salamander, ambystoma tigrinum.	intracellular recordings of the light responses of bipolar cells were made in the isolated perfused retina of the larval tiger salamander by microelectrodes filled with a 1% solution of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (hrp). two classes of bipolar cell were identified in terms of their responses to luminous spots and annuli centered upon their receptive fields: on-center cells, which depolarized in response to a centered spot and hyperpolarized in response to a concentric annulus, and off-cent ...	1986	3793974
the amino-terminal sequences of four major carp gamma-crystallin polypeptides and their homology with frog and calf gamma-crystallins.	four major gamma-crystallin subfractions have been isolated from the carp (cyprinus carpio) and their n-terminal sequences determined by edman protein sequencing. extensive homologies indicative of close relatedness in their primary structure were found in these four gamma-crystallin polypeptides. comparison of the carp n-terminal sequences with those of mammalian and amphibian gamma-crystallins also showed a high degree of homology present in their n-terminal segments despite the dissimilarity ...	1986	3803569
[clinical picture of partial monosomy of chromosome 11 q].	a ten months old male infant was found to have a de-novo-deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11 (q23----qter). with regard to previous reports the combination of the following signs seems to be pathognomonic for partial monosomy of the long arm of chromosome 11: trigonocephaly, abnormal palpebral fissure, epicanthus, broad and depressed nasal bridge, carp shaped mouth, low-set malformed ears and statomotoric retardation. cerebral atrophy, bns-seizures, hypsarrhythmia and persistent leukocytop ...	1986	3807920
mechanism of synthesis and localization of mitochondrial and cytosolic fumarases in rat liver.	fumarases in the mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions of rat liver were separately purified and crystallized. these two fumarases were not distinguishable in physicochemical, catalytic, or immunochemical properties. the sequences of seven amino acids in the c-terminal portions of the two fumarases were shown using carboxypeptidase p to be identical, i.e.-val-asp-glu-thr-ala-leu-lys-. the amino acid sequence of the n-terminal portion of the mitochondrial fumarase was determined by the edman meth ...	1986	3812085
cation binding to parvalbumin studied by 113cd and 23na nmr. peak assignment of rabbit (pi 5.5) parvalbumin.	cation binding to three apoparvalbumins was studied by means of 113cd nmr. the 3 parvalbumins that were investigated were carp pi 4.25, rabbit pi 5.5 and pike pi 5.0. the results showed that cd2+ ions bind to the ef and cd sites of carp apoparvalbumin pi 4.25 with about the same affinity. for rabbit (pi 5.5) apoparvalbumin, cd2+ binds preferentially to the ef site, while for pike (pi 5.0) apoparvalbumin, it was the cd site that exhibited somewhat higher affinity for cd2+. the effect of mn2+ on t ...	1986	3825402
pituitary gland of the exotic carp, carassius carassius linn., with reference to the histocytology of the adenohypophysis in conjunction to male and female rhythms of reproduction.	the pituitaries of the exotic carp (carassius carassius) are studied at the light microscopic level, for the characterization of the adenohypophysial cell-types with particular emphasis to the gonadotropic potency of the pituitary in relation to the annual reproductive patterns. the gland in the fish is of the cranioleptobasic type. based on the classical staining methods and localization of the differential cell-types, the adenohypophysis of the fish can be subdivided into the rostral (rpd) and ...	1986	3803862
anaerobic wintering of crucian carp (carassius carassius l.)--ii. metabolic products.	in long-term experimental anoxia (up to 140 days) crucian carp excreted ethanol and acetic acid. the maximum concentration of ethanol found in fish blood was ca 0.1%. the excretion rate of ethanol at temperatures from -0.5 to +5 degrees c was ca 25 micrograms/g fish wet wt/hr, but increased rapidly with increasing temperature. at 2 and 5 degrees c the ethanol excretion rate was independent of fish size, but at 12 and 18 degrees c a higher rate was observed in smaller fish. the decrease of water ...	1986	2869864
monooxygenase activity of fish liver in biomonitoring aquatic environment.	the hepatic biotransformation activity of four cultivated freshwater fish, amur carp (ctenopharyngodon idella), carp (cyprinus carpio), rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri) and tench (tinca tinca) were studied one day after catching the fish from ponds and a river in the south of gdr and in fish kept for two weeks in clean filtrated and deacidified water. aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, 7-ethoxycoumarin o-deethylase and 7-ethoxyresorufin o-deethylase activities fell to about 20% during the stay in clea ...	1986	3492989
purification of gonadotropic hormone from the pituitary of the african catfish, clarias gariepinus (burchell), and the development of a homologous radioimmunoassay.	glycoprotein gonadotropic hormone (gth) was purified from 2000 pituitaries of male and female african catfish, clarias gariepinus. the first step was chromatography on concanavalin a-sepharose followed by filtration on ultrogel aca 54, chromatography on deae-cellulose, and filtration on ultrogel aca 54, respectively. finally, the purified fractions were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the gonadotropic activity in the different fractions was characterized using two tests: the radi ...	1986	3536658
comparative antioxidant enzyme study in freshwater fishes. ii. distribution of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in omnivorous fish organs.	comparative studies were performed on the activities of superoxide dismutases, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in organ homogenates from three omnivorous fishes, the barbel, crucian carp and common carp. the lipid peroxidation and protein contents of organ homogenates were also compared. these comparative measurements primarily provide control values for subsequent toxicological examinations. the highest total superoxide dismutase activities were found in the liver or roe, kidney, heart and ...	1986	3673448
the hypothalamo-hypophysial system of the wild carp, cyprinus carpio l. iii. changes in the anterior and posterior neurohypophysis during spawning.		1986	3590939
cytological features of serotonin-containing neurons and their processes in the retina of the carp (cyprinus carpio). an immunohistochemical study using flat-mount preparations.	the morphological features of serotonin-containing neurons (scns) and their processes in the retina of the carp (cyprinus carpio) were immunohistochemically studied by applying a modified peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique using flat-mount preparations. the somata of immunoreactive scns were mostly located in the innermost part of the inner nuclear layer (inl). these cells were distributed at a density of 64.8 cells/mm2, this being similar to the density of dopamine-containing interplexiform ce ...	1986	3522498
cloning and sequence analysis of cdna encoding urotensin i precursor.	the primary structure of the precursor of urotensin i, a neuropeptide hormone from the caudal neurosecretory system of the carp cyprinus carpio, has been determined by analyzing the nucleotide sequence of cloned dna complementary to the mrna encoding it. the precursor consists of 145 amino acid residues and the carboxyl terminus represents the 41-amino acid sequence of urotensin i, preceded by lys-arg and followed by gly-lys. sequence homology as well as similar organization of the precursors of ...	1986	3484550
morphological study of signal pathway between the somata and the axon terminals of l-type horizontal cells in carp retina.		1986	3464858
comparative antioxidant enzyme and lipid peroxidation study in erythrocytes and liver of some freshwater fish.	1. superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (c), peroxidase (p) and glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) were estimated in the erythrocytes and liver of the carp, the tench and the crucian carp during a two-years period, 1983-1984 (autumn). 2. the lipid peroxidation (lp) of the erythrocytes and liver homogenates was also compared. 3. the activities of the enzymes examined showed significant interspecies variations. 4. significant differences were observed between enzyme activities (except for sod in the ...	1986	3442172
protein and amino acid requirements of fishes.	tentative qualitative and quantitative amino acid requirements have been reported for the major species of fish reared for market or as replacement stocks for natural waters. most work has concentrated upon juvenile fish or upon rapidly growing young market fish; these have high protein dietary requirements (30-50%) that are in direct contrast to the homothermic terrestial animals. net protein utilization from the diet is similar or slightly better than that found in avian species, but energy ne ...	1986	3089240
bipolar-amacrine synaptic transmission: effect of polarization of bipolar cells on amacrine cells in the carp retina.		1986	3022200
[synaptic interactions of individual motor neurons of the spinal cord of the carp].	the interaction between motoneurons was studied in the isolated spinal cord of the fish (cyprinus carpio) by the recording of elementary epsps evoked in a motoneuron by intracellular stimulation of adjacent motoneuron. these epsps are mediated mainly by electrical transmission as evidenced by their short or negligible latencies, stable amplitudes and bidirectional transmission between motoneurons. in some cells double-component elementary epsps were revealed which indicate dual (electro-chemical ...	1986	3012381
simple method for observing migrating leucocytes in the skin of mirror carp (cyprinus carpio l.).		1986	2953193
phospholipid dependency of carp brain and liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase.	the effects of lipid-protein interactions on carp brain and liver mitochondrial mao with respect to substrate and inhibitor preference, thermostability and arrhenius parameters were studied and compared. treatment with phospholipase a2, c or d decreased mao activities towards 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht), beta-phenylethylamine and tyramine similarly, accompanied by great changes in their apparent affinities for mao, but not by changes in vmax values. minimum phospholipid binding to mitochondria mi ...	1986	2879700
clastogenic effects of five carcinogenic-mutagenic chemicals on the cells of the common carp, cyprinus carpio l.	the cytogenetic effects of various i.p. treatments with five carcinogenic-mutagenic chemicals and three doses for each (aflatoxin b1, aroclor 1254, benzidine, benzo[a]pyrene and 20-methylcholanthrene), were investigated in the cells of the common carp, cyprinus carpio. injection with distilled water and corn oil served as the two control groups. for detecting cytogenetic damage we used two test systems, chromosomal aberrations (ca) in kidney cells and micronucleated erythrocytes (m). at 48 hr af ...	1986	2877805
electrocardiograms recorded from the body surface of the carp, cyprinus carpio.	the electrocardiograms (ecgs) in five kinds of bipolar leads were recorded from the body surface of the carp under water. each component constituting the ecg wave could be detected by the present method. the potentials of the ecgs recorded by the present method were relatively small, the values being 2-64 microv. the electrical axis in most carp was directed toward the right lateral side.	1986	2876807
the in vitro metabolism of eulan wa new by liver homogenates from freshwater fish.	the rate of formation of pentachloro-2-aminodiphenylether (5-pad) from pentachloro-2-(chloromethylsulphonamido) diphenylether (6-pcsd) by goldfish liver homogenates was studied in a variety of buffers. the highest rate was observed when the homogenate was prepared and assayed in phosphate buffer containing dithiothreitol. the 5-pad forming activity of liver homogenate preparations from a variety of freshwater fish (goldfish, carp, pike, rainbow trout, perch and eel) showed contrasting species di ...	1986	2873942
presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptor mediated inhibition of the neurogenic cholinergic contraction in the isolated intestinal bulb of the carp (cyprinus carpio).	the effects of norepinephrine, epinephrine and clonidine on neurogenic cholinergic contraction were examined in the presence of a beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent, carteolol (5 x 10(-6) m), in the isolated intestinal bulb of the carp. norepinephrine, epinephrine (10(-9)-10(-6) m) and clonidine (10(-8)-10(-5) m) inhibited the contraction induced by low frequency (2 or 5 hz) transmural stimulation (tms) without inhibiting the contraction induced by acetylcholine (ach, 6 x 10(-8)-4 x 10(-7) m). met ...	1986	2871988
are beta-adrenergic receptors in ventricular muscles of carp heart (cyprinus carpio) mostly the beta-2 type?	the positive inotropic effect of isoproterenol was quantified in the presence of several beta-adrenergic blocking agents in ventricular strips of carp heart. isoproterenol had a concentration-dependent positive inotropic effect. the effect was markedly inhibited by propranolol and carteolol, but was extremely insensitive to atenolol. practolol totally failed to alter the effect. these results indicated that the positive inotropic effect of isoproterenol may be mediated by mostly beta-2 adrenergi ...	1986	2871986
sublethal effect of ammonia on certain biochemical and haematological indicators in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	carp (cyprinus carpio l.) fry were exposed for 3 weeks to a sublethal concentration of ammonia (0.102 +/- 0.059 mg nh3/dm3). ammonia induced considerable changes in the level of free amino acids and unfavourable changes in the blood, i.e. leucopaenia and eosinophy. the observed increase of the concentration of most amino acids in fish intoxicated with nh3 suggests that the process reflects detoxication of ammonia which takes place both in the brain and muscles.	1986	2869895
studies on immunological properties of enolase from carp muscles (cyprinus carpio) after chemical modification of some amino-acid residues.	after modification of histidine residues, enolase from carp muscles lost the ability to precipitate with antibodies against native enzyme. this ability remained after nitration of tyrosine residues, but the immunoelectrophoretic pattern--localisation and height of arcs--differed from that of native enolase. minor changes of this pattern were found in enolase with modified tryptophan residues.	1986	2430546
karyotypes of cyprinus carpio and leuciscus cephalus.	karyological investigations on the common carp (cyprinus carpio) and chub (leuciscus cephalus) are described. the diploid chromosome complement in the carp was found to be 98, with 50 meta- to submetacentric chromosomes, 48 subtelo- to telocentric chromosomes, and an arm number of 148. chromosomal studies on the chub revealed the diploid chromosome complement to be 50, with 34 meta- to submetacentric chromosomes, 16 subtelo- to telocentric chromosomes, and an arm number of 84.	1986	2428561
trachelobdella sinensis blanchard, 1896 found from cyprinus carpio nudus in korea.	trachelobdella sinensis was found in cyprinus carpio nudus. the morphological chararacteristics were described. it is the first record of trachelobdella sinensis in korea(summarized from text).	1986	12886101
xanes spectroscopy of carp hemoglobin-iron in correlation with the affinity changes of the protein for ligand.	the strong variation of ligand-binding properties with ph for carp hemoglobin is not reflected in the electronic distribution of the heme-iron. thus, we can suppose that hemoglobin affinity is directly controlled by the protein and by some particular changes of the iron atom.	1986	3780971
persistence of methyl parathion in a carp rearing pond.		1986	3779154
acid-base regulation and ion transfers in the carp (cyprinus carpio): ph compensation during graded long- and short-term environmental hypercapnia, and the effect of bicarbonate infusion.	to study both temporal and quantitative effects of hypercapnia on the extent of ph compensation in the arterial blood, specimens of carp (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to a pco2 of about 7.5 mmhg (1 mmhg = 133.3 pa) (1% co2) in the environmental water for several weeks, and a second group of animals was subjected to an environmental pco2 of about 37 mmhg (5% co2) for up to 96 h. a third series of experiments was designed to test the possibility that infusion of bicarbonate would increase the ext ...	1986	3027233
utilization of ascorbate-2-sulfate in fish.	although most vertebrate animals synthesize l-ascorbic acid (c1), some animal species lack the ability to produce l-gulonolactone oxidase and are thus dependent upon a dietary source of vitamin c. fish are unique among this latter group in that they store a chemically stable form of vitamin c and appear to metabolize this compound differently from other vitamin c-requiring organisms. ascorbate-2-sulfate (c2) contributes to total body stores of ascorbate, but the commonly used assays for ascorbat ...	1986	24233177
effects of pimozide and lhrh-aa on carp (cyprinus carpio l.) oocyte maturation and ovulationin vivo.	effects of pimozide (pim) and [(d-ala(6), pro(9)-net) lhrh] (lrh-aa) on common carp oocytes maturation and ovulationin vivo under laboratory and commercial fisheries farm conditions were investigated.although injections of pim and lrh-aa at the doses of 10 mg and 50 µg/kg body weight respectively, did not increase mgth levels (66.7-155.8 mg/ml) as much as injections of carp pituitary extract (chh) (382.1 ng/ml), induced gth levels were high enough to induce ovulation. changes in the ovary caused ...	1986	24233172
fluctuations in gonadotropin and ovarian steroids during the annual cycle and spawning of the common carp.	the main objective of the paper is to describe the annual changes in hormones associated with reproduction in the female carp under the conditions prevailing in the israeli fish culture. fish were sampled monthly throughout 1984; gonadosomatic index (gsi) was calculated and the diameter of ovarian follicles was measured. gonadotropin (gth) content in the pituitary and the circulating gth, estradiol, testosterone and 17α, 20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17, 20-p) were determined by specific radioi ...	1986	24233169
autoradiographic localization of gonadotrophin receptors in ovaries of the common carp, cyprinus carpio l.	binding sites for carp gonadotrophin have been located in carp ovaries using [125i]labeled gonadotrophin and autoradiography. the radioactive gonadotrophin was displaced from tissue by unlabeled gonadotrophin or carp hypophysial homogenate in a dose-dependent fashion. no binding of gonadotrophin was found in previtellogenic oocytes but binding appeared with the first indications of vitellogenesis. in the smaller vitellogenic oocytes binding was uniformly distributed in the follicular envelope, b ...	1986	3557077
local fe site structure in the tense-to-relaxed transition in carp deoxyhemoglobin: a xanes (x-ray absorption near edge structure) study.	the fe-site structure variation in the transition from the low-affinity tense (t) quaternary structure to the high-affinity relaxed (r) structure in carp deoxyhemoglobin was studied by analysis of multiple scattering resonances in the xanes (x-ray absorption near edge structure) spectra. high signal-to-noise xanes spectra were measured at the frascati "wiggler" synchrotron radiation facility. we find that the forces on the fe active site due to the change of quaternary protein conformation do no ...	1986	3463997
lethal toxicity of cadmium to cyprinus carpio and tilapia aurea.		1986	3742097
urea tolerance of myofibrillar proteins of two elasmobranchs: squalus acanthias and raja tengu.	some biochemical properties of actomyosin and myosin from elasmobranchs, squalus acanthias and raja tengu are compared with those of a freshwater (cyprinus carpio) and a marine teleost (seriola quinquiradiata). whereas ca2+-atpase of teleost actomyosins are more stable in the absence of urea, the reverse is true for elasmobranchs up to 1.0 m urea. in contrast to that of teleosts, the mg2+-atpase of s. acanthias actomyosin shows an activation in the presence of urea, where as that of r. tengu per ...	1986	2434054
cloning and sequence analysis of cdnas encoding precursors of urotensin ii-alpha and -gamma.	the primary structures of the precursors of urotensin ii (uii)-alpha and -gamma, neuropeptide hormones of the caudal neurosecretory system of the carp, cyprinus carpio, have been determined by analyzing the nucleotide sequences of cloned dnas complementary to the mrnas encoding them. a cdna library, constructed with poly(a)+rna in the preterminal spinal cord, was screened using 32p-labeled synthetic oligonucleotides representing all possible cdna sequences corresponding to the pentapeptide commo ...	1986	2427672
myofibrillar atpase activity in the carp cyprinus carpio: interactions between starvation and environmental temperature.	the myofibrillar atpase activity of the epaxial white muscle was measured in carp cyprinus carpio l. acclimated to 10 degrees c or 28 degrees c. as previously reported, cold acclimation was associated with an increase in the atpase specific activity and a decrease in the thermostability. the water content of the white muscle was significantly higher in cold-acclimated fish than in warm-acclimated fish (p less than 0.002). starvation for 10 weeks resulted in a significant increase in the white mu ...	1986	2943851
factors affecting release of 3h-dopamine from perfused carp retina.	the effects of putative retinal neurotransmitters and several neuropeptides on 3h-dopamine release from isolated perfused carp (cyprinus carpio) retinas were studied. of the transmitter candidates tested, only serotonin (5-ht) and the 5-ht agonist tryptamine released 3h-dopamine. however, the release evoked by these agents was calcium (ca2+) independent and not blockable by the 5-ht antagonist methysergide. we also investigated the antagonism of inhibitory inputs as a potential regulatory mechan ...	1986	2874198
electrical coupling between bipolar cells in carp retina.	intracellular recordings were made simultaneously from pairs of neighboring bipolar cells by advancing two independent microelectrodes into retinas of carp (cyprinus carpio). bipolar cells were identified by their response properties and in several samples were verified by intracellular injection of lucifer yellow. current of either polarity injected into one member of the bipolar cell pair elicited a signconserving, sustained potential change in the other bipolar cell without any significant de ...	1986	16593707
interaction between the soma and the axon terminal of retinal horizontal cells in cyprinus carpio.	intracellular recordings were made from the monophasic horizontal cells of the carp retina which are known to respond with a sustained hyperpolarization to all visible monochromatic light. the receptive field of each subcellular structure, the soma and the axon terminal, was determined using a long narrow slit of light. somata and axon terminals showed receptive fields that encompassed almost the entire retina. this observation suggests that each aggregate of the subcellular parts forms a syncti ...	1986	3795056
fish and antibiotics: pharmacokinetics of sulphadimidine in carp (cyprinus carpio).	pharmacokinetics, metabolism and clearance of sulphadimidine (sdm) were studied after a single intraperitoneal injection of sdm in carp at 20 degrees c. sdm was acetylated and hydroxylated to a small extent. the main metabolite was n4-acetyl derivative amounting only 2% of the total drug dose excreted; hydroxylation was less important (0.41% of the dose). the elimination half-life for sdm in carp was 17.5 h. the clearance values for sdm and its metabolites were equivalent. the importance of phar ...	1986	3765347
the use of artificial gynogenesis in studies on the immune system of carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	gynogenetic carp were obtained by using gamma-irradiated sperm for fertilization followed by a cold shock. the gynogenetic fish and normal siblings of the same parents were analysed for 3 genetic markers: scale pattern, transferrin (tf) and allograft rejection. gynogenetic offspring showed only the maternal scale pattern (scattered). in the majority of the gynogenetic fish a heterozygous tf pattern identical to the mother was observed. animals homozygous for tf were rare in this group. a typical ...	1986	3532513
immunosuppression of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) to ichthyophthiriasis using the corticosteroid triamcinolone acetonide.	the immune response of juvenile mirror carp (cyprinus carpio l.) has been investigated in relation to protective immunity and immunosuppression to the disease ichthyophthiriasis. protective immunity was induced by exposing juvenile carp to approximately 2,000 theronts per fish for 3 hours at a concentration of approximately 80 theronts cm-3 in dechlorinated water ph 7.0-7.2, 20 +/- 2 degrees c in the dark, on three separate occasions of 14 day intervals. following each exposure, re-infection was ...	1986	3094233
movement of fe with respect to the heme plane in the r-t transition of carp hemoglobin. an extended x-ray absorption fine structure study.	carp hb undergoes a well known change in kinetics over the ph range 6-9. x-ray absorption spectroscopy, in conjunction with refined data analysis procedures, shows no difference in iron-ligand distances when carp hbco is switched from r (high affinity) to t (low affinity) states. these distances are 2.015 +/- 0.015 a for the average iron-pyrrole nitrogen distance, 2.14 +/- 0.04 a for the iron-nitrogen (of histidine) distance, and 1.89 +/- 0.05 a for the fe-c (of co) distance. examination of the ...	1986	3700368
circulating forms of alpha msh in the carp and trout blood: an hplc and ria study.	the three forms of msh(desacetyl-, monoacetyl-, and diacetyl) circulate in the carp and trout blood. their proportions there are as follows: in the carp, the desacetylated form is 2.5% of total msh and the monoacetylated form 72% of the acetylated forms of alpha msh. in the trout, similar proportions were found: desacetyl alpha msh was 5% of total alpha msh and monoacetyl-, 70% of the acetylated mshs.	1986	3023175
n-methyl d-aspartate acts as an antagonist of the photoreceptor transmitter in the carp retina.	glutamate, aspartate, and their agonists, kainate, quisqualate, cysteine sulfinate and n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda), were applied to the isolated carp retina while recording from horizontal cells. all these agents, except nmda, depolarized horizontal cells membrane and reduced responses to light, thus mimicking the effect of the endogenous photoreceptor transmitter. application of nmda, on the other hand, caused a membrane hyperpolarization of horizontal cells in the dark, an effect different fro ...	1986	2871897
1h nmr spectroscopic studies of calcium-binding proteins. 1. stepwise proteolysis of the c-terminal alpha-helix of a helix-loop-helix metal-binding domain.	a series of modified parvalbumins, differing only in length of alpha-helix f at the c-terminus, was prepared by carboxypeptidase-mediated digestions of the beta-lineage parvalbumin (pi = 4.25) from carp (n; 108 residues). removal of ala-108 to form the n-1 derivative (des-ala108,lys107-parvalbumin) only slightly alters the protein's ability to chelate ca(ii) or lanthanides(iii). analysis of the kinetics of their yb(iii) off-rates by optical stopped-flow techniques, determination of their lu(iii) ...	1986	3707912
dendritic morphology of dopaminergic cells revealed by intracellular injection of lucifer yellow in fixed carp retina.	the dendritic morphology of dopaminergic cells in carp retinas was investigated by identifying their fluorescent cell bodies in isolated, aldehyde-fixed preparations and injecting them iontophoretically with lucifer yellow ch (ly) under microscopic control. the ly-injected cells were examined in flatmount and in radial cryosections. the cell bodies were located at the inner margin of the inner nuclear layer (the amacrine cell sublayer), and gave rise to 3-5 primary dendrites that branched repeat ...	1986	3011192
genetic differences between the chinese and european races of common carp : 5. differential adaptation to manure and artificial feeds.	common carp of the chinese and european races and their cross were tested in different environments. the test groups were either stocked together into the same pond, or each group was stocked separately. mean growth, taken as a measure of the quality of the environment, varied widely between treatments. genotype-environment interactions were estimated by the regression of growth of different genetic groups on this measure of environment. proportional growth differences between the european and e ...	1986	24247778
changes in gonadotropin and ovarian steroids associated with oocytes maturation during spawning induction in the carp.	the present study correlates the profiles of certain ovarian steroid hormones with stages of oocyte maturation in common carp induced to spawn by classic hypophysation. sixteen females were injected at midday with a calibrated homologous pituitary extract (cpe) containing 0.07 mg immunoreactive cgth/kg body wt, as a priming dose. ten of those females were injected 11 hr later with cpe containing 0.35 mg ir cgth/kg body wt as an induction dose (group p + in). the other females were left without f ...	1986	3781219
anesthesia and recovery with tricaine methanesulfonate, eugenol and thiopental sodium in the carp, cyprinus carpio.		1986	3712895
calcium-independent stimulation of glycogenolysis by arginine vasotocin and catecholamines in liver of the axolotl (ambystoma mexicanum) in vitro.	arginine vasotocin (avt) caused a concentration-dependent increase of glycogen phosphorylase alpha activity, breakdown of glycogen and release of glucose, when added to pieces of axolotl liver in organ culture. the concentration causing half-maximal response (ec50) was about 1 nmol/l. these actions of avt were unaffected by the adrenergic antagonists propranolol, yohimbine and prazosin, but were blocked by equimolar amounts of d(ch2)5tyr(me)avt, a synthetic antagonist of vasopressin. arginine va ...	1986	3701246
circadian variations in plasma osmolality, electrolytes, glucose, and cortisol in carp (cyprinus carpio).	male carps (cyprinus carpio) of about 1.5 kg were used in all experiments performed in december and february. blood was taken by heart-puncture within 1 min or less every 4 hr from different fishes during a 24-hr period to establish circadian rhythmicities of all parameters. the water temperature was 11-12 degrees. in december circadian variations could be calculated for cortisol, na+ and plasma osmolality in partly fed carps and for cortisol, ca2+, glucose, and plasma osmolality in food deprive ...	1986	3956997
[zschokkella (protozoa: myxosporea) in the gallbladder of cyprinus carpio (osteichthyes) in east germany].	the gallbladder of two-yearling carps caught in a lake in the region of frankfurt-on-oder was found invaded with zschokkella sp., which is the first case recorded in the german democratic republic.	1986	3717686
localization and quantitative distribution of biogenic monoamines in the intestinal tract of locust, snail and carp.	the localization and quantitative distribution of the biogenic monoamines of the intestinal tract has been studied in locusta migratoria, helix pomatia and cyprinus carpio with morphological and biochemical methods. electron microscopically dense-core vesicles of aminergic character were found in the varicose nerve fibres located in the intestinal muscles of all three animal species. intensive green fluorescence characteristic of catecholamines was detectable in both the varicose nerve fibres an ...	1986	20493154
metal ion binding to parvalbumin. a proton nmr study.	the 1h nmr spectra of carp parvalbumin saturated with ca2+, cd2+, la3+ and lu3+ were compared, using 2d 1h nmr techniques as well as conventional 1h nmr spectra. the ca2+ and cd2+ saturated parvalbumin (with both high affinity ca2+-binding sites occupied) gave rise to very similar spectra. this shows that these two species have almost identical protein conformations. the 1h nmr spectrum from the ln3+ saturated parvalbumins deviated from the other two and it was therefore concluded that cd2+ is a ...	1986	3962552
proline hydroxylation of collagens synthesized at different temperatures in vivo by two poikilothermic species.	extent of prolyl hydroxylation in newly synthesized viper collagen is decreased at 10 degrees c to approximately 23% of normal on skin and to approximately 57% of normal in bone collagen. at 20 degrees c, prolyl hydroxylation is approximately 50% of normal in skin and normal in bone. at 10 degrees c and 20 degrees c, prolyl hydroxylation is decreased approximately 32% in the skin collagen of carp. in contrast, prolyl hydroxylation is unchanged at 10 and 20 degrees c in bone, scale and lepidotric ...	1986	3956164
presence of tonofilaments and thymic serum factor (fts) in thymic epithelial cells of a fresh water fish (carp: cyprinus carpio) and a sea water fish (bass: dicentrarchus labrax).	using indirect immunofluorescence we demonstrated the presence of fts in two fishes; the size of epithelial cells of the carp is smaller than of the bass.	1986	3798525
identification of intergeneric nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrid fish obtained from the combination of carp nucleus and crucian cytoplasm.		1986	3749147
proportions of mono- and diacetylated forms of alpha msh in individual neurointermediate lobe extracts of cyprinus carpio l.	the proportions of the mono- and diacetylated forms of alpha msh in individual carp neurointermediate lobe (nil) extracts, as assessed by hplc and ria, fluctuate within a narrow range (mono/mono- + diacetyl alpha msh = 3-14%). these results obtained on individuals of different sex and age show that the diacetylated form predominates in the nil of all individuals where it represents in the mean 90% of the acetylated forms. the relatively low fluctuation of the proportions of the acetylated forms ...	1986	3743025
xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme systems in test fish. i. comparative studies of liver microsomal monooxygenases.	all monooxygenase activities assayed in guppy (poecilia reticulata) and red killifish (oryzias latipes) were 7-10 times higher than those measured in trout (salmo gairdneri), carp (cyprinus carpio), and golden orfe (leuciscus idus). cytochrome p-450 was 3 times higher in the former fish than in all the other species. zebra fish (brachydanio rerio) 7-ethoxycoumarin o-deethylase and bluegill (lepomis macrochirus) ethylmorphine n-demethylase (emnd) were not greatly different from those of the forme ...	1987	3830019
contribution to the knowledge of gyrodactylus gurleyi price, 1937 (monogenea: gyrodactylidae).	gyrodactylus longoacuminatus zitnan, 1964, forma minor sensu ergens (1985) was identified as g. gurleyi price, 1937. morphological and metrical evaluations of the hard parts of opisthaptor of more than 200 specimens provided data on the variability of this parasite; cyprinus carpio haematopterus represents its new host. since the shape of the hard parts of opisthaptor of g. gurleyi is very similar to that of g. longoacuminatus, further detailed studies of the two species will be necessary, parti ...	1987	3666611