Publications

bee venom inhibits superoxide production by human neutrophils.	investigation of the antiinflammatory properties of bee venom demonstrates that it inhibits production of superoxide anion by human neutrophils in a potent, selective, nontoxic, dose-dependent fashion, both pre- and poststimulation by particulate and soluble activators of the neutrophil oxidative metabolism burst. the effect is not due to receptor competition, superoxide dismutase, and/or catalase activity, scavenging, or indicator media effects. these findings may explain the antiinflammatory e ...	1984	6097547
apamin: a specific toxin to study a class of ca2+-dependent k+ channels.	apamin is a bee venom neurotoxin of 18 amino-acids containing two disulfide bridges. current clamp and voltage clamp experiments have shown that externally applied apamin blocks specifically at low concentration (0.1 microm) the ca2+-dependent slow k+ conductance which mediates the long-lasting after-hyperpolarization in neuroblastoma cells and rat muscle cells in culture. the apamin-sensitive ca2+-dependent slow k+ conductance is voltage-dependent and tetraethylammonium (tea) insensitive. it is ...	1984	6099412
hyaluronidase polymorphism detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. application to hyaluronidases from bacteria, slime molds, bee and snake venoms, bovine testes, rat liver lysosomes, and human serum.	a gel electrophoretic technique which allows detection of hyaluronidase activity in the gel has been devised. the principle is that the high-molecular-weight substrate, hyaluronic acid, is included in the gel, where it cannot move in the electrical field. after the run, the gel is incubated under conditions allowing the enzyme to degrade the substrate. upon staining with "stains-all" dye (eastman kodak co., 2718), zones of hyaluronidase activity appear as pink bands in a blue background. the sen ...	1984	6084966
comparison of the amino acid compositions and antigenic properties of spiralins purified from the plasma membranes of different spiroplasmas.	spiralins were purified by agarose-suspension electrophoresis after extraction with detergents from the membranes of the following spiroplasmas: spiroplasma citri c189, s. citri maroc (r8a2), s. citri scaph and the honey-bee spiroplasma b88. the four proteins (molecular mass congruent to 26,000 daltons, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate-pore gradient electrophoresis) showed very similar amino acid compositions characterized by the absence of methionine and tryptophan and a high polarity i ...	1984	6201097
crystallized dextran nanospheres with entrapped antigen and their use as adjuvants.	a novel and simple method is described of preparing a matrix with entrapped antigen, the matrix consisting of well characterized carbohydrates with low toxicity, i.e., dextran and starch, stabilized by crystallization. the crystallized carbohydrate spheres produced probably derive their adjuvant effect from slow antigen release and macrophage stimulation. five months after a single injection of 80 micrograms ovalbumin entrapped in dextran spheres, mice produced antibodies against ovalbumin and t ...	1984	6201561
a comparison of histamine secretion from peritoneal mast cells of the rat and hamster.	functional mast cells have been obtained by peritoneal lavage of the rat and hamster. both cell types released histamine on stimulation with appropriate dilutions of anti-rat ige and anti-hamster serum. the maximum response evoked by each reagent was significantly greater for the hamster cells. the release was non-cytotoxic and was in each case blocked by the corresponding soluble antigen. the rat and hamster cells responded to concanavalin a and the lectin from lentil. phosphatidylserine (ps) p ...	1984	6202354
melittin-specific monoclonal and polyclonal ige and igg1 antibodies from mice.	melittin, a bee venom peptide consisting of 26 amino acid residues, elicited high igg and ige antibody responses in mice of balb/c and caf1 strains, but not in mice of a/j, akr, and c57bl/6 strains. greater than 80% of the melittin-specific antibodies in sera of responder mice were found to bind the hydrophilic carboxyl-terminal heptapeptide of melittin. three melittin-specific monoclonal antibodies were obtained from responder mice by the hybridoma technique. two are of the igg1 isotype and one ...	1984	6207240
bee keepers' igg and ige antibody responses to bee venom studied by means of crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis.	the immune response to honey bee venom in thirty-seven bee keepers' sera was studied by several methods. specific ige antibody levels studied by rast were generally low, whereas specific igg antibody levels studied by a sepharose protein a technique were high. crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis was applied for a detailed analysis of the antibody specificities towards the different components of venom in seventeen of the bee keepers' sera. significant amounts of igg antibodies were found towards ...	1984	6205790
insect sting anaphylaxis and beta-adrenergic blockade: a relative contraindication.	severe anaphylaxis is reported in a bee venom-sensitive 31-year-old male while receiving propranolol. his anaphylactic reaction was mainly respiratory and was refractory to emergency treatment. we believe that his use of beta-blockers contributed to the severity of his anaphylaxis and refractoriness to treatment. we suggest that beta-blockers should be contraindicated or alternate medications used in hymenoptera allergic patients.	1984	6146275
[severe complications caused by multiple bee stings].		1984	6471951
[acute renal failure associated with non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis caused by multiple bee stings].		1984	6471950
bee-sting anaphylaxis: the use of medical antishock trousers.	there is a large population of unprotected individuals who are susceptible to hymenoptera-induced anaphylaxis. medical antishock trousers (the mast suit) can play an important role in field treatment of anaphylactic shock. upon application, both blood pressure and cerebral perfusion are preserved despite clinically profound vasodilation. the mast suit mechanically increases peripheral resistance, analogous to the vasoconstrictive effects of adrenaline. in the two cases presented, the mast suit r ...	1984	6731963
melittin and the 8-26 fragment. differences in ionophoric properties as measured by monolayer method.	melittin is a major (approximately 50%) protein component of bee venom. this peptide is an amphiphilic protein, because, while the amino acid residues 1-20 are predominantly hydrophobic (with the exception of lys-7), residues 21-26 are hydrophilic. the binding properties to vesicles and lipid bilayers of melittin have provided much useful information regarding biological (hemolytic) activity (habermann, e., 1972, science [wash. dc], 177:314-322). recent studies have convincingly established that ...	1984	6547621
serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the brain of the honeybee.	the distribution of serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the brain of the worker honey bee apis mellifera was studied by means of immunocytochemical staining by using a well-characterized antibody to serotonin (5-ht). about 75 immunoreactive perikarya are grouped into clusters in the optic lobe and in the median and dorsal protocerebrum. immunoreactive fibers were resolved in all areas of the brain. the optic lobe shows restricted layers of 5-ht-immunoreactive fibers in the lamina and medulla org ...	1984	6376546
blepharochalasis after a bee sting.	blepharochalasis is a distinct entity of redundant eyelids. it is characterized by a history of recurrent edema that leads to permanent changes in the eyelids. even in the young, blepharoplasty may be indicated for psychological reasons or to relieve obstruction of vision, eyelid asthenia, and fatigue. following surgery, recurrent edema may compromise the results or cause further eyelid changes. effort should be made to define the etiology of the edema and correct the defect if possible.	1984	6718584
nutrition and the allergic athlete.	nutritional management of the allergic athlete centers around providing a diet adequate to meet the increased needs of the athlete at the same time that it is modified by the exclusion of any problematic foods. the athlete has an increased need for water, total energy, carbohydrate, b vitamins, and perhaps protein, the last two of which are usually met when the diet fulfills the energy requirements of the athlete. requirements for electrolytes are minimally increased, and the need for additional ...	1984	6715737
bee venom immunotherapy and bee-sting mortality in australia.		1984	6708906
light-induced changes in extracellular volume in the retina of the drone, apis mellifera.	slices of drone retina were superfused with a ringer solution containing 1 mm tetraethylammonium (tea), and the concentration of this ion in the extracellular space [( tea]0) was measured with ion-sensitive microelectrodes. a train of light flashes for 90 s caused [tea] to increase by 48 +/- 4% (s.e.), n = 12. since water crosses cell membranes more readily than tea does this indicates a volume decrease of at least 32%. measurements of ca2+ activity under similar conditions showed an increase of ...	1984	6328378
bee sting of the cornea.	irreversible heterochromia-iridis, internal ophthalmoplegia, and punctate subcapsular lenticular opacities developed in a 9-year-old girl after she received a bee sting in her right cornea. these complications persisted even after an 11-month follow-up period. to the author's knowledge, this presentation is the first of its nature. the pathogenesis of these changes is discussed and the literature is reviewed.	1984	6721343
allergens in hymenoptera venom xii: how much protein is in a sting?	the protein content of insect venoms was determined using a coomassie blue dye binding assay as well as the lowry phenol assay. the lowry method tended to give excessively high values with many of the venoms because of the presence of low molecular weight phenolic compounds and other interfering substances. using the dye binding method honey bee stings were found to contain 59 +/- 7 micrograms of protein, bumblebee and carpenter bee stings from 10 to 31 micrograms, yellow jacket stings from 1.7 ...	1984	6711914
the overlearning-extinction effect and successive negative contrast in honeybees (apis mellifera).	in three experiments with free-flying honeybees, the previously discovered overlearning-extinction effect was replicated under different conditions and shown to depend on magnitude of reinforcement: the effect appeared in training with a 50% sucrose solution but not with a 20% solution. the results prompted a fourth experiment in which successive negative contrast was demonstrated: the animals were disturbed to find the 20% solution on a distinctive target that always before had been baited with ...	1984	6705502
clinical and immunologic survey in beekeepers in relation to their sensitization.	beekeepers often present allergic symptoms and represent a natural and experimental model of anaphylaxis and specific immunotherapy. two hundred bks were investigated. both allergic and nonallergic subjects were selected very carefully in terms of immunologic status and exposure to bee stings. they were surveyed by a questionnaire, the titration of total serum ige, and bee venom-specific ige and igg. skin tests to hbv were performed in 176 subjects. skin test sensitivity to hbv and allergic symp ...	1984	6699314
bee venom immunotherapy.		1984	6694635
bee-sting mortality in australia.	death as a result of a bee sting is uncommon in australia. during the 22 years from 1960 to 1981, 25 individuals have been recorded by the australian bureau of statistics as having died shortly after a bee sting. this gives a mortality incidence of 0.086/1 000 000 population per year, but may be an underestimate, as we report two additional fatalities that did not appear in the records of the bureau of statistics. south australia has the highest mortality rate from bee stings of all the australi ...	1984	6694624
sex-linked effective population size in control populations, with particular reference to honeybees (apis mellifera l.).	sex-linked effective population size (ne) is derived for a variety of control population structures relevant to normal diploid and/or, more importantly, to haplo-diploid species. for equal sex ratio, it is shown that the control population structure which doubles autosomal effective population size trebles sex-linked effective size. for haplo-diploid species where the number of males exceeds the number of reproductive females, several different control structures are described, which tend to inc ...	1984	24258652
[varroatosis. a zootechnical system of control].	a managerial method is described by which the number of varroa mites in a bee colony may be reduced to a level not interfering with economic bee-keeping. this theoretical approach is based on the removal of combs in the month of may, when about ninety per cent of the mites have enclosed themselves in cells with developing larvae and puppae, to multiply.	1984	6701873
nectar selection by melipona and apis mellifera (hymenoptera: apidae) and the ecology of nectar intake by bee colonies in a tropical forest.	colony foraging activity of four melipona species (apidae: meliponinae, tribe meliponini) was studied during the dry season, when many plants flower in central panama. the efficiency of sucrose solution uptake by melipona was compared to that of domesticated european apis mellifera. dynamics of nectar foraging were also recorded for 3 of the melipona visiting the forest shrub, hybanthus prunifolius (violaceae). 1. sugar concentration in nectar brought to nests averaged from 21 to 60% sugar for 1 ...	1984	28311379
exocrine secretions of bees--vii. aliphatic esters in the dufour's gland secretion of svastra obliqua obliqua (hymenoptera: anthophoridae).	the chemistry of the dufour's gland secretion of svastra obliqua obliqua is reported. a series of 32 aliphatic esters were identified. the dufour's secretion of svastra obliqua obliqua contains the most complex mixture of volatile compounds in bee extracts examined to date.	1984	6744833
erythrocyte membrane glycerophospholipid organization is normal in multiple sclerosis.	the phospholipid composition of erythrocyte membranes from patients with multiple sclerosis (ms) was found to be normal, in agreement with previous reports. the transbilayer asymmetry of the glycerophospholipids in ms red cells was probed using bee venom phospholipase a2 and was also found not to be significantly different from normal. abnormal membrane glycerophospholipid organisation is therefore not involved in the increased red cell size, osmotic fragility, and electrophoretic mobility assoc ...	1984	6717729
use of dialyzed venoms in the radioallergosorbent test.	optimal concentrations of honeybee, hornet and yellow jacket venoms were used in the radioallergosorbent test (rast) before and after dialysis. rast titers in the majority of sera from insect-allergic patients increased significantly with the dialyzed yellow jacket and hornet venom-coupled discs. of 26 sera which had negative rasts with crude venom, 20 became positive with dialyzed venom. no change in rast results was found with crude and dialyzed honeybee venom. the low molecular weight compone ...	1984	6693178
the humoral immune response in the american cockroach, periplaneta americana: reactivity to a defined antigen from honeybee venom, phospholipase a2.	our previous experiments demonstrated that honeybee venom could induce a specific, adaptive humoral immune response in the american cockroach. since honeybee venom is a complex substance made up of several proteins, a more defined antigen is needed for future characterization studies. one of the components of bee venom, phospholipase a2 (pa2) was found to be highly lethal and immunogenic in the roach. roaches injected with pa2 generated a specific primary response that developed over a period of ...	1984	6519337
biological effects of a 765-kv, 60-hz transmission line on honey bees (apis mellifera l.): hemolymph as a possible stress indicator.	number of circulating hemocytes and hemolymph protein patterns of adult worker honey bees were analyzed as possible indicators of stress resulting from colony placement under a 765-kv transmission line. although exposure to 55, 80, and 95 microa total induced hive current (thc) produced colony behavioral disturbance, there were no consistent effects on mean hemocyte counts at 55- or 95-microa thc. age-dependent declines in circulating hemocyte number were similar in all exposure groups. there we ...	1984	6487381
the first optic ganglion of the bee. v. structural and functional characterization of centrifugally arranged interneurones.	the organization, characterization and connectivity patterns of four different interneurone types were studied with the use of golgi light- and electron-microscopic techniques. all four cell types originate in the outer chiasma; they have an efferent end-branch in the lamina and an afferent one terminating in the distal region of the second optic ganglion, the medulla. these interneurones are referred to as: (i) garland-cell: the efferent fibre has on its tangential branch numerous centripetal s ...	1984	6467336
total parenteral nutrition in bone marrow transplantation: a clinical evaluation.	bone marrow transplantation (bmt) is associated with severe metabolic stress secondary to anorexia, mucositis, enteritis, and infection. we compared nutritional parameters and clinical outcomes of 22 patients who received prophylactic total parenteral nutrition (tpn) to those of 22 controls, matched for age and diagnosis, who received nutritional support ad libitum. over the 5-week study period, the tpn group averaged caloric intakes greater than 1.5 x basal energy expediture (bee) per day and g ...	1984	6420535
lethal potency in mice of toxins from scorpion, sea anemone, snake and bee venoms following intraperitoneal and intracisternal injection.	the lethal potency of 29 toxins from scorpion, sea anemone, snake and bee venoms was studied. lethality following intracisternal injection of these toxins is considerably higher than following i.p. injection (except for the snake neurotoxins). this is of practical interest in the determination of the concentration of active toxins in a solution when only small amounts are available, as in the case of radiolabelled toxins.	1984	6145236
nucleotide sequence of cloned cdnas coding for preprosecapin, a major product of queen-bee venom glands.	total mrna from queen-bee venom glands was transcribed into cdna and cloned into the psti and clai site of pbr322. the nucleotide sequence of two clones (pum9/24 and pbmc1) with inserts derived from mrnas for preprosecapin is presented. the two inserts, which are identical in their overlapping regions, have a coding region encompassing 77 triplets. the cloned cdnas differ in the length of the 3'-untranslated region, which is about twice as long in clone pum9/24. the postulated amino acid sequenc ...	1984	6548708
polyandry in honey bees (apis mellifera l.): sperm utilization and intracolony genetic relationships.	sperm usage by queen honey bees was examined by progeny analyses using six phenotypically distinct genetic markers. no evidence was found for sperm displacement or precedence. all queens used the sperm of all males that inseminated them during all sampling periods. sperm usage, as measured by phenotypic frequencies, did fluctuate nonrandomly but did not result in abnormally high representation of a single phenotype or the elimination of other phenotypes as has often been suggested. the genetic r ...	1984	17246245
eosinophilic cellulitis (wells' syndrome): histologic and clinical features in arthropod bite reactions.	five patients are described with the clinical and histopathologic picture, including flame figures, of eosinophilic cellulitis (wells' syndrome). two of them had documented tick bites in the center of these expanding annular lesions, and the histologic picture showed the diagnostic flame figures of wells' syndrome (eosinophilic cellulitis). a third patient had a clinical picture suggestive of a tick bite reaction but stated she was stung by a small garden bee at the involved site. the fourth pat ...	1984	6512050
arachidonic acid, 12- and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, and phospholipase a2 induce starfish oocyte maturation.	in starfish oocyte maturation (meiosis reinitiation) is induced by the natural hormone 1-methyladenine (1-me-ade). this paper shows that arachidonic acid (aa) induces oocyte maturation at concentrations above 0.5 microm. this maturation shares many characteristics with 1-meade-induced maturation: same kinetics, same required contact time, same stimulations of protein phosphorylation and sodium influx. although calcium facilitates the aa-induced but not the 1-meade-induced maturation, aa, like 1- ...	1984	6094288
chick growth and prey quality in the european bee-eater (merops apiaster).	1. in each of four replicate experiments we fed three groups of bee-eater chicks for 24 h on different diets: bees, dragonflies, and a mixture of the two. 2. dry weight assimilation efficiency did not differ between treatments and was in the region of 40-50%. caloric assimilation efficiency was about 60% and did not differ significantly between diets. 3. mean growth efficiency (wt. gain/intake) was highest in all four replicates in chicks fed on the mixed diet. 4. when metabolic requirements are ...	1984	28311452
[diagnostic and therapeutic aspects in the treatment of bee venom allergy].	in 50 patients who had severe allergic general reactions after a bee sting clinical and immunological parameters were examined under the desensitisation with apitoxin. under the introduction of the hospital treatment 25 patients showed side effects. 14 of these patients had milder general reactions also during the further continuation of the ambulatory treatment. in no case the treatment had to be stopped. the behaviour of the specific ige and igg antibodies does not allow a prognostic evidence ...	1984	6523947
insect allergy. a comparative study including case histories and immunological parameters.	one hundred and seventeen persons all stung by yellow jacket (yj) and/or bee were examined by means of skin prick test with venom of these insects, skin prick test with 10 inhalant allergens and analyses of total ige, specific ige and igg against honey bee and yj venom. eighty-seven persons had had a systemic reaction to yj or bee sting, the rest had reacted normally or with a large local reaction. positive correlations (p less than 0.05) were found between results of skin prick tests and specif ...	1984	6496884
natural history of large local reactions from stinging insects.	in ongoing studies of the natural history of stinging-insect allergy, 133 patients with large local reactions have been evaluated over 8 yr; 79 patients returned for reevaluation. based on rast analysis with honeybee and vespid venoms, patients were divided into rast-positive and rast-negative groups. sixty-six patients were rast-negative with positive venom skin tests in 58%. seventy-five testings in this group led to no systemic reactions and 74 large local reactions. at follow-up rasts remain ...	1984	6491095
effects of apamin on the outward potassium current of isolated frog skeletal muscle fibres.	the effect of apamin, a polypeptidic toxin from bee venom which is a specific blocker of certain ca2+-dependent k+ channels, has been tested (50-100nm) on voltage clamped single skeletal muscle fibres of the frog. the results have shown the existence of an inhibitory effect of the toxin on the slow outward k+ current which suggests the existence of a ca2+-sensitive component of the slow k+ permeability in the plasma membrane of the frog muscle fibre.	1984	6098894
honeybee syndrome, glycolysis, and birth defects (continued)		1984	6472392
bee v. greaves.	in reversing the decision of the u.s. district court for the district of utah, the u.s. court of appeals, tenth circuit, held that an inmate awaiting trial has a constitutional right to make a decision whether to accept or reject the administration of antipsychotic drugs. the forcible administration of drugs is justified only in an emergency situation where the patient poses an immediate danger to himself or others, and after restrictive courses of action have been considered. the prosecution's ...	1984	11648528
[when is desensitization with bee and wasp venoms indicated in children?].		1984	6493373
nephrotic syndrome following a bee sting.		1984	6520578
skin and radioallergosorbent tests in patients with sensitivity to bee and wasp venom.	intradermal (id) and prick tests with bee or wasp venom (pharmalgen) have been performed on 102 subjects with a history of adverse reactions to stings and forty-six control subjects giving no such history. venom was diluted 100, 10 and 1 microgram/ml for prick testing and 10(-2), 10(-2), 10(-3) and 10(-4) micrograms/ml for id injections. in forty-six control subjects all were tested with the highest concentration of prick testing solution (100 micrograms/ml), eight (17%) had positive reactions, ...	1984	6488511
meat tenderizer and bee stings.		1984	6472988
bee venom allergy.	bee venom allergy is a common problem in medical practice. the immunological mechanisms and management thereof are reviewed.	1984	6474293
inhibition of phospholipase a2 in vitro by some anti-hypoxic drugs.	the effect of the anti-hypoxic drugs piracetam, nicergoline, papaverine, cinnarizine and aligeron on the activity of bee venom phospholipase a2 was studied in experiments in vitro. the ph-stat titration method of grossmann et al. was used. all the drugs studied inhibited to a various degree the activity of phospholipase a2 in vitro. the most potent drug was nicergoline and the least potent was papaverine. taking into account that the activity of phospholipase a2 is stimulated in hypoxia, the res ...	1984	6436598
[contribution of nmr spectroscopy to the study of structure-function relations of proteins and peptides].	nmr spectroscopy provides a unique means to study molecular conformation, mechanisms of action and structure-function relationships for peptides and proteins in solution under conditions approaching those of their physiological environment. development of nmr techniques, especially directed to the peptide and protein conformational analysis, is considered under the topics of two-level signal assignment and structural significance of homo- and heteronuclear spin-spin couplings. the results of nmr ...	1984	6210094
allergens in hymenoptera venom xi. isolation of protein allergens from vespula maculifrons (yellow jacket) venom.	pure vespula maculifrons venom was demonstrated to contain five major allergenic proteins, which were all isolated from commercial venom sac extract. the five proteins: vmacl, mw 97,000; hyaluronidase, mw 46,000; vmac3, mw 39,000; phospholipase a and b, mw 34,000; and antigen 5, mw 22,000 were all demonstrated to be biochemically and immunologically distinct. all five proteins had significant allergenic activity, with phospholipase and hyaluronidase demonstrating the most ige binding with 39 ser ...	1984	6736487
use of indirect calorimetry in the nutritional management of burned patients.	the use of indirect calorimetry in assessing and monitoring nutritional support in burn patients is reported. twenty-nine patients with a mean burn size of 35% tbsa were monitored with 228 measurements of resting energy expenditure (ree), calculations of respiratory quotient (rq), and substrate metabolism. daily weights, nitrogen balance determinations, and routine laboratory tests were also obtained. oxygen consumption (vo2) was 186 +/- 39 ml/min/m2, corresponding to ree of 2,506 +/- 543 kcal/d ...	1985	3965736
predicting energy expenditures in burned patients.	daily caloric requirements in patients with major burns are frequently estimated using the curreri formula (25 x body weight (kg) + 40 x % bsa burned). in nonburned patients modifications of the harris-benedict formulas have been used to estimate energy requirements. these equations have not been validated against measured energy expenditures in burned patients. thirty-five patients with second- and third-degree burns covering from 10 to 75% of the body surface area underwent assessments of ener ...	1985	3965733
comparison of measurements of serum venom-specific igg by radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay.	honeybee venom (bv)-, yellow jacket venom (yjv)- and honeybee venom phospholipase a (pla)-specific igg were measured by radioimmunoassay (ria) and enzyme immunoassay (ria) in 54 sera of insect-allergic patients. in the majority of sera, results of the two tests were similar. discordant results were found in 1 of 21 sera in tests with pla, 4 of 23 sera in tests with bv, and 1 of 16 sera in tests with yjv. the ria measured higher antibody titers in 5 of these 'outlier' sera. the results suggest th ...	1985	3905626
anorexia and weight loss: indicators of cachexia in small cell lung cancer.	a study was conducted to determine the incidence and extent to which anorexia, a decrease in spontaneous food intake, contributes to the occurrence of cancer cachexia. data for ten male subjects with small cell carcinoma of the lung are reported for a five-month period following diagnosis. although body weights of the subjects at the time of diagnosis averaged less than 95% of the usual weight (weight 6 months prior to diagnosis), they were greater than 109% of the mean ideal weight. at five mon ...	1985	2999721
melittin-induced changes in na and cl movements across the skin and cornea (in vitro) of the toad bufo marinus.	melittin, from bee venom, increases short-circuit current (isc) across the skin and cornea of toads. in skin this reflects a rise in the influx of na and is inhibited by meclofenamic acid (inhibits prostaglandin synthetase). in corneas with melittin on the inside the rise in isc is inhibited by bumetanide (inhibits cl transport) and meclofenamic acid. melittin on the tear side of the cornea causes a biphasic change in isc, and a rise in all undirectional fluxes of na and cl. this effect was not ...	1985	2866902
distribution of calmodulin in insects as determined by radioimmunoassay.	the distribution of calmodulin in 11 separate tissues of the cockroach leucophaea maderae was determined by radioimmunoassay. the highest levels of this protein were found in malpighian tubules, visceral muscle and the central nervous system. distribution of calmodulin was also determined for the following insect species: apis mellifera, canthon imitator, heliothis zea (larvae) and periplaneta americana. abdominal tissues contained the highest levels of the calcium binding protein, while lesser ...	1985	2861002
mushroom body feedback interneurones in the honeybee show gaba-like immunoreactivity.	the distribution of the transmitter substance gaba was investigated in the mushroom body neuropile of the honeybee by means of immunohistochemistry. the protocerebro-calycal tract (pct) links a mushroom body output area with the calycal input sites. interneurones contained within the pct exhibit gaba-like immunoreactivity and may function as negative feedback loop.	1985	3907757
desensitization of patients with bee venom allergy--current status.	bee venom allergy is a common problem in south africa, and although most patients develop only local reactions after a sting, generalized life-threatening reactions may occur. immunotherapy with purified bee venom has proved effective in preventing subsequent sting anaphylaxis. however, because of side-effects during a course of desensitization, the high cost of this form of therapy and the extended period for which therapy may be required, careful patient selection is essential. only patients w ...	1985	4071339
determination of chirality of alcohol or latent alcohol semiochemicals in individual insects.	a method is described for determining the enantiomeric composition of chiral alcohols, lactones, and hydroxy acids in quantities ranging from 25 ng to 10 μg. derivatization of the substance with chirally pure acetyl lactate, followed by splitless capillary gas chromatography, enables enantiomeric determinations to be made within 1-3% of the actual value. this technique was applied in the determination of semiochemical inips pini (say),apis mellifera (l.), andcryptolestes ferrugineus (stephens). ...	1985	24311333
honeybee feces.		1985	4093268
bee sting anaphylaxis in an urban population of south australia.	the clinical manifestations and circumstances of bee sting anaphylaxis have been studied retrospectively in 98 subjects. most reactions occurred in children but the most severe reactions were seen in adult males, of whom 7 lost consciousness and 2 required cardiopulmonary resuscitation. most stings causing anaphylaxis occurred on the unprotected feet whilst the subject was on lawn in the afternoons in december, january and february when the maximum daily temperature was between 20 and 30 degrees ...	1985	4074474
venom skin tests in insect-allergic and insect-nonallergic populations.	intradermal skin tests with varying concentrations of honeybee, yellow jacket, white-faced hornet, yellow hornet, and polistes venoms were done on 85 patients with histories of insect-sting anaphylaxis and on 56 insect-nonallergic subjects. positive skin tests (wheal greater than or equal to 5 to 10 mm and flare greater than or equal to 11 to 20 mm) were present in 67 insect-allergic patients at venom concentrations ranging from 0.001 microgram/ml to 0.1 microgram/ml. seven additional allergic p ...	1985	3877747
pharmacological evidence for two types of ca2+-dependent k+-conductance in bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cells.	the effect of apamin, a bee venom toxin, on the action potential and the spike after hyperpolarization was studied in bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cells. apamin reduced the duration of the afterhyperpolarization but did not affect the maximum rates of rise and fall of na+- and ca2+-dependent action potentials. in the presence of apamin and co2+, the maximum rate of fall of the action potential was decreased, and the spike duration was prolonged. these results suggest that at least two types of ...	1985	2427980
temporal resolution of colour vision in the honeybee.	the temporal resolution of colour vision was measured in freely-flying honeybees by testing the performance of trained bees in discriminating between two stimuli, one of which presented a steady, homogeneous mixture of two colours, while the other offered a heterochromatic flicker between the two colours at various temporal frequencies. pairwise combinations of the colours uv, blue and green were used, corresponding to the three receptor classes in the bee retina. for each colour combination, we ...	1985	3837099
movement patterns of a clear-wing hawkmoth, hemaris fuciformis, foraging at red catchfly, viscaria vulgaris.	the bee hawkmoth, hemaris fuciformis, tended to fly in the same direction between successive visits to inflorescences of viscaria vulgaris. upon leaving an inflorescence it did not fly to the first inflorescence in its path, but to the second. at inflorescences, the number of animals that started probing decreased from the bottom to the top. these movement patterns probably serve to reduce the risk of revisiting flowers. the movements of the moths at inflorescences with 2 flowers per tier were i ...	1985	28311569
discontinuation of bee venom immunotherapy in children and adolescents.	sixty-six patients with a history of systemic allergy reactions to bee stings, positive skin prick test to less than or equal to 100 micrograms/ml bee venom, and positive radioallergosorbent test (rast) results were given venom immunotherapy. ige and igg antibodies to bee venom were measured by rast and enzyme-linked immunosorbent test (elisa), respectively. ige and igg anti-bee venom levels rose initially, but subsequently fell during immunotherapy. in 31 patients in whom specific ige fell to l ...	1985	4032132
does dimeric melittin occur in aqueous solutions?	melittin, a peptide from bee venom, is known to undergo a monomer / tetramer conversion in aqueous solutions. we have studied the possible participation of dimers in the association equilibrium of melittin by sedimentation equilibrium experiments in the analytical ultracentrifuge and subsequent mathematical analysis of the concentration distributions obtained. it was found that the dimeric state is not significantly populated, the contribution of dimer to the total peptide weight probably being ...	1985	19431595
activation of bee venom phospholipase a2 by oleoyl imidazolide produces a thiol- and proteinase-resistant conformation.	assay methods for bee venom phospholipase a2 are presented which respond to different aspects of enzymic behaviour and which allow basal activity, fatty acid activation and acyl-group activation to be distinguished. the stability of the enzyme to thiols and proteinases is dramatically increased by activation with the selective acylating agent, oleoyl imidazolide. these results support the model of activation by conformation change. limited-fixation studies indicate that enzyme conformation is de ...	1985	3893547
bee pollen: living up to its hype?		1985	27410451
ontogeny of the invertebrate humoral immune response: studies on various developmental stages of the american cockroach (periplaneta americana).	earlier studies revealed that a specific adaptive humoral immune response can be induced in the american cockroach (periplaneta americana) to the soluble protein complex, honeybee venom (hbt). we have undertaken a series of ontogenetic studies to determine if there are differences between the protective responses of roaches representing different developmental stages. our results indicated that the response to hbt in the immature cockroach (nymphs weighing 200-500 mg) was characterized by a sign ...	1985	4043479
[deaths resulting from yellow jacket and bee stings in finland].		1985	4029048
the role of igg4 as blocking antibodies in asthmatics and in bee keepers.	sera from 40 asthmatic patients and from 77 bee keepers were evaluated by solid-phase radioimmunoassay for their allergen-specific igg4 antibody levels. the results indicated that allergen-specific igg4 antibodies become prominent upon repeated parenteral stimulation with antigen, i.e. immunotherapy and bee stings, and suggested the possible association of igg4 with blocking antibodies in these allergic conditions.	1985	4008076
a double blind study on immunotherapy with chemically modified honey bee venom: monomethoxy polyethylene glycol-coupled versus crude honey bee venom.	24 patients with honey bee sting allergy were treated with either honey bee venom (hbv) or monomethoxy polyethylene glycol-coupled hbv (peg-hbv) in a double blind trial. both treatments induced a strong increase in hbv-specific igg antibodies in most patients. immunotherapy with peg-hbv was much better tolerated than that with hbv. conversely, patients on hbv did considerably better during a sting challenge with a living honey bee. only 4 developed a large local and one a mild systemic reaction ...	1985	4008075
effect of gender on the inducible humoral immune response to honeybee venom in the american cockroach (periplaneta americana).	it is well known that in higher animals, the female of the species usually possesses a superior immune response to that of the male. we investigated the possibility that this rule of nature might also be true amongst the invertebrates. adult female american cockroaches (periplaneta americana) were immunized with honeybee venom, and their responses were compared to that of the adult male. the female primary response was found not only to be enhanced, but prolonged as compared to the male. the res ...	1985	3996707
[allergy to bee and yellow jacket venoms].		1985	3979324
[fulminating fatal dermatomyositis and myasthenia gravis after a bee sting (clinicopathological study)].		1985	4022022
[how often need a booster dose be given after desensitization with bee and wasp venom?].		1985	4022168
protein rotational diffusion measurements on the interaction of bee venom melittin with bacteriorhodopsin in lipid vesicles.	the rotational diffusion of bacteriorhodopsin reconstituted into dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles was measured by the technique of flash-induced transient dichroism. in the presence of melittin, a cell lysing peptide from honey bee (apis mellifera) venom, dose-dependent loss of rotational mobility was observed. chemically modified melittin derivatives, in which free amine groups were either acetylated or succinylated, were impaired in their ability to induce immobilisation of bacteriorhod ...	1985	4005248
phospholipids chiral at phosphorus. use of chiral thiophosphatidylcholine to study the metal-binding properties of bee venom phospholipase a2.	it has been shown recently by 31p nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) that phospholipase a2 (pl a2) from bee venom shows a high degree of stereoselectivity toward the "isomer b" of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-thiophosphocholine (dppsc) [bruzik, k., jiang, r.-t., & tsai, m.-d. (1983) biochemistry 22, 2478-2486]. we now report a quantitative kinetic study of pl a2 using 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (dppc) and (rp)-, (sp)-, and (rp + sp)-dppsc by a spectrophotometric assay. the substra ...	1985	3839681
stinging insect allergy: natural history and modification with venom immunotherapy.	the natural history of stinging insect allergy and its modification by venom immunotherapy was investigated by follow-up observations of patients with histories of venom anaphylaxis and detectable venom-specific ige. the patients were divided into three categories: (1) receiving venom immunotherapy, (2) declined venom immunotherapy, and (3) terminated venom immunotherapy. one hundred twenty-seven patients were evaluated after 6 mo to 9 yr of venom immunotherapy. most received top venom doses of ...	1985	4008803
spontaneous loss of hypersensitivity in patients allergic to bee or wasp stings; detection by venom-induced histamine release.	patients with bee or wasp sting allergy can lose their hypersensitivity spontaneously. the suitability of venom-induced histamine release for evaluating the actual allergic risk in untreated patients with a history of systemic allergic reactions following bee or wasp stings is demonstrated by successfully deliberate sting challenges.	1985	2409848
apamin, a highly specific ca2+ blocking agent in heart muscle.	apamin, a bee venom polypeptide, was recently reported to block specifically the ca2+-dependent k+ channels that are not blocked by tetraethylammonium chloride in muscle cells. we report here that apamin blocked the naturally occurring slow action potentials (aps) in cultured cell reaggregates from chick hearts. the effects of apamin were not reversible on washout with tyrode solution only (up to 24 h), but quinidine (10(-8) m) reversed the apamin blockade of the slow channels. apamin also block ...	1985	2408493
male reproductive parasitism: a factor in the africanization of european honey-bee populations.	africanized drone honey bees (apis mellifera) migrate into european honey-bee colonies in large numbers, but africanized colonies only rarely host drones from other colonies. this migration leads to a strong mating advantage for africanized bees since it both inhibits european drone production and enhances africanized drone production.	1985	17737906
the diversification of the leguminosae: first fossil evidence of the mimosoideae and papilionoideae.	the legumes are an important group of flowering plants with a poorly documented evolutionary history. new fossil evidence provides data on the timing of the origin of the two derived subfamilies of legumes (the mimosoideae and papilionoideae). these data strongly suggest the importance of bee pollinators during a major period of angiosperm diversification.	1985	17737903
use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of allergen-specific antibodies.	a sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for allergen-specific igg antibodies is described. various solid-phase supports (microtiter plates), coating procedures, binding kinetics, and presentation of allergen in the assay were investigated. using optimal conditions the indirect elisa, in which the allergen is coated onto the well, was capable of detecting 2.4 ng/ml specific igg antibodies to bee venom phospholipase a2(pla2). the sandwich elisa, in which the allergen was ...	1985	2582056
influence of nectar-supply rate on the number of flowers visited by a honeybee on each collecting flight.	the behavior of nectar-collecting honeybees (apis mellifica) at a glass sugar-water contained and at various plants was observed, and these food sources were compared with regard to duration of the bee's sojourn in the collecting area and the number of single visits per sojourn. meagre - but continuous - nectar secretion by the flowers of bee-pollinated plants, when combined with a small distance between the individual flowers, results in a high number of flowers visited during a sojourn in the ...	1985	28311591
kin discrimination by worker honey bees in genetically mixed groups.	we tested the hypothesis that in a genetically mixed assemblage of worker honey bees, individual workers would behave differently toward unfamiliar sisters than toward unfamiliar nonsisters. groups of worker honey bees of mixed genetic composition were assembled by collecting pupae from separate colonies and placing the worker bees together on eclosion. a total of 10 workers, 5 from each of two kin groups, were used to form each group. when the workers were 5 days old, a worker of one of the two ...	1985	16593559
changes in sodium activity during light stimulation in photoreceptors, glia and extracellular space in drone retina.	ion-selective micro-electrodes were used to measure na+ activity, ana, in the two types of cell, photoreceptors and glial cells, and in the extracellular space, in superfused slices of the retina of the honey-bee drone, apis mellifera male. movements of na+ were induced by light stimulation, or by increasing [k+] in the superfusate. in the dark, ana in the photoreceptors was 10 mm (s.e. of the mean = 1 mm); in the glial cells it was higher: 37 +/- 2 mm. we estimate that in this preparation about ...	1985	4020694
effects of storage and pesticide treatments on honey bee brain acetyl cholinesterase activities.		1985	4005446
the evaluation of the common diagnostic methods of hypersensitivity for bee and yellow jacket venom by means of an in-hospital insect sting.	between 1979 and 1983 230 patients visited our clinic in connection with allergic reactions after insect stings. one hundred six patients were subjected to a diagnostic provocation test with a live insect; 86 of these patients had a history of systemic reactions and a positive skin test and rast with insect venom. thirty-one of these patients, including one patient with a negative rast and another with a negative skin test, demonstrated a generalized reaction and were subjected to immunotherapy ...	1985	3989140
competition between hummingbirds and bumble bees for nectar in flowers of impatiens biflora.	using removal experiments and concurrent measurement of resource levels, evidence was obtained for exploitation competition between ruby-throated hummingbirds and two bumble bee species (bombus fervidus and b. vagans) foraging for nectar on impatiens biflora.when all three species were active, flower visitors showed a complex pattern of resource partitioning involving both diel and spatial changes. hummingbirds foraged almost exclusively from the outermost exposed flowers on plants from which th ...	1985	28310808
alarm substances of the stingless bee,trigona silvestriana.	2-nonanol, 2-heptanol, octyl decanoate, and octyl octanoate were identified from the heads oftrigona silvestriana workers. when presented at the nest, 2-nonanol, 2-heptanol, and the mixture of the four compounds elicited angular flights, landing, and buzzing of guard bees. octyl octanoate elicited a weaker response. no response was given to octyl decanoate, to the ether solvent, or to the control volatile, vanillin.	1985	24310063
[hyposensitization in wasp venom and bee venom allergy].		1985	4000054
bee venom hyposensitization.		1985	3974510
patch dynamics of a foraging assemblage of bees.	the composition and dynamics of foraging assemblages of bees were examined from the standpoint of species-level arrival and departure processes in patches of flowers. experiments with bees visiting 4 different species of flowers in subalpine meadows in colorado gave the following results: 1) in enriched patches the rates of departure of bees were reduced, resulting in increases in both the number of bees per species and the average number of species present. 2) the reduction in bee departure rat ...	1985	28311866
measured and predicted caloric expenditure in the acutely ill.	predicted energy requirements calculated from the harris-benedict basal energy expenditure (bee) formulas, and caloric allowances recommended by the food and nutrition board national research council, were compared to metabolic expenditures measured by indirect calorimetry, using a feedback-controlled gas replenishment technique with a prototype device for the continuous determination of oxygen consumption (vo2) and carbon dioxide production (vco2). in a group of 50 acutely ill surgical patients ...	1985	3918832