Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| experimental vertical transmission of west nile virus by culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae). | despite the detection of west nile (wn) virus in overwintering culex pipiens l. in new york in february 2000, the mechanism by which this virus persists throughout the winter to initiate infections in vertebrate hosts and vectors the following spring remains unknown. after a blood meal, parous mosquitoes generally do not survive until spring and gonotrophic dissociation occurs in only a small percentage of the population. to investigate vertical transmission as a means of viral survival during i ... | 2002 | 12144296 |
| inhibition of viral gene expression and replication in mosquito cells by dsrna-triggered rna interference. | mosquitoes transmit numerous viral pathogens to humans including dengue virus which affects approximately 50 million individuals per year. inhibition of viral gene expression within an insect host could be used to block virus replication and subsequent transmission of the pathogen to humans. a naturally occurring gene silencing mechanism triggered by double-stranded rna (dsrna), rna interference (rnai), has recently been described in a number of species including drosophila. to ascertain if dsrn ... | 2002 | 12161191 |
| alphavirus minus-strand rna synthesis: identification of a role for arg183 of the nsp4 polymerase. | a partially conserved region spanning amino acids 142 to 191 of the sindbis virus (sin) nsp4 core polymerase is implicated in host restriction, elongation, and promoter recognition. we extended the analysis of this region by substituting ser, ala, or lys for a highly conserved arg183 residue immediately preceding its absolutely conserved ser184-ala-val-pro-ser188 sequence. in chicken cells, the nsp4 arg183 mutants had a nonconditionally lethal, temperature-sensitive (ts) growth phenotype caused ... | 2002 | 12163582 |
| modification of asn374 of nsp1 suppresses a sindbis virus nsp4 minus-strand polymerase mutant. | our recent study (c. l. fata, s. g. sawicki, and d. l. sawicki, j. virol. 76:8632-8640, 2002) found minus-strand synthesis to be temperature sensitive in vertebrate and invertebrate cells when the arg183 residue of the sindbis virus nsp4 polymerase was changed to ser, ala, or lys. here we report the results of studies identifying an interacting partner of the region of the viral polymerase containing arg183 that suppresses the ser183 codon mutation. large-plaque revertants were observed readily ... | 2002 | 12163583 |
| [aedes albopictus (s) in the region of são josé do rio preto, sp, brazil: a study of its infestation in an area where aedes aegypti was already established and a discussion of its role as a possible vector of dengue and yellow fever]. | the objectives of this survey were to study the evolution of aedes albopictus infestation in são josé do rio preto region, sp, an area already occupied by aedes aegypti and also to discuss its role in transmitting diseases. analyzing data from urban mosquito larval density surveys of the region's municipalities, year and site of the occurrence, composition and location of larval samples, breeding containers and breteau indices were studied. by may 2001, the vector was found in 96 of 100 municipa ... | 2002 | 12170331 |
| intron-dependent stimulation of marker gene expression in cultured insect cells. | we tested in a systematic fashion the effect of an intron on the level of luciferase expression in cultured c6/36 aedes albopictus cells. the intron was inserted in both orientations, upstream and downstream of the luciferase coding region in two different luciferase expression vectors. the two parental luciferase expression vectors differed only in their promoters, one containing the drosophila melanogaster actin5c promoter and the other the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus hr5 ... | 2002 | 11841506 |
| lack of both fas ligand and perforin protects from flavivirus-mediated encephalitis in mice. | the mechanism by which encephalitic flaviviruses enter the brain to inflict a life-threatening encephalomyelitis in a small percentage of infected individuals is obscure. we investigated this issue in a mouse model for flavivirus encephalitis in which the virus was administered to 6-week-old animals by the intravenous route, analogous to the portal of entry in natural infections, using a virus dose in the range experienced following the bite of an infectious mosquito. in this model, infection wi ... | 2002 | 11884544 |
| mutualistic wolbachia infection in aedes albopictus: accelerating cytoplasmic drive. | maternally inherited rickettsial symbionts of the genus wolbachia occur commonly in arthropods, often behaving as reproductive parasites by manipulating host reproduction to enhance the vertical transmission of infections. one manipulation is cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci), which causes a significant reduction in brood hatch and promotes the spread of the maternally inherited wolbachia infection into the host population (i.e., cytoplasmic drive). here, we have examined a wolbachia superinfecti ... | 2002 | 11901124 |
| host age effect and expression of cytoplasmic incompatibility in field populations of wolbachia-superinfected aedes albopictus. | the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus (skuse), is a known vector of dengue in south america and southeast asia. it is naturally superinfected with two strains of wolbachia endosymbiont that are able to induce cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci). in this paper, we report the strength of ci expression in crosses involving field-caught males. ci expression was found to be very strong in all crosses between field males and laboratory-reared uninfected or walba infected young females. in addition, ... | 2002 | 11920134 |
| immunization with heterologous flaviviruses protective against fatal west nile encephalitis. | prior immunization of hamsters with three heterologous flaviviruses (japanese encephalitis virus [jev] sa14-2-8 vaccine, wild-type st. louis encephalitis virus [slev], and yellow fever virus [yfv] 17d vaccine) reduces the severity of subsequent west nile virus (wnv) infection. groups of adult hamsters were immunized with each of the heterologous flaviviruses; approximately 30 days later, the animals were injected intraperitoneally with a virulent new york strain of wnv. subsequent levels of vire ... | 2002 | 11927020 |
| detection of encephalitis viruses in mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) and avian tissues. | abstract diagnostic assays for the detection of st. louis encephalitis (sle) and western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) viruses in mosquito pools and avian tissues were compared for sensitivity, accuracy and specificity. the in situ enzyme immunoassay (eia), plaque assay on vero cells, passage in aedes albopictus skuse c6/36 and c7/10 cells, antigen capture enzyme immunoassay (ac-eia), and single and multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (rt-pcr) were evaluated using pools o ... | 2002 | 11931031 |
| analysis of northern distribution of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in japan by geographical information system. | aedes albopictus (skuse), a mosquito vector of the dengue fever virus, is prevalent in japan, distributed widely in honshu island with its northern limits between latitude 38 degrees to 40 degrees north. the factors affecting distribution of the species in the northern part of japan were studied using the geographical information system (gis). during 1998-2000, larval surveillance was carried out in 26 urban and rural areas in the tohoku district, in the northern part of honshu island, by collec ... | 2002 | 11931270 |
| late season commercial mosquito trap and host seeking activity evaluation against mosquitoes in a malarious area of the republic of korea. | field trials evaluating selected commercially available mosquito traps variously baited with light, carbon dioxide, and/or octenol were conducted from 18-27 september 2000 in a malarious area near paekyeon-ri (tongil-chon) and camp greaves in paju county, kyonggi province, republic of korea. the host-seeking activity for common mosquito species, including the primary vector of japanese encephalitis, culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, was determined using hourly aspirator collections from a human and ... | 2002 | 11949213 |
| dengue virus infection rate in field populations of female aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in singapore. | we developed a single-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) followed by a semi-nested pcr using an upstream consensus primer and four type-specific primers within the non-structural protein gene (ns3) of dengue viruses to type dengue viruses in field populations of female aedes mosquitoes. this yielded diagnostic fragments of 169, 362, 265 and 426 base pairs for dengue virus types 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. from 1997 to 2000, 54 (6.9%) of 781 aedes aegypti and 67 (2.9%) ... | 2002 | 11952948 |
| leveraging genomic databases: from an aedes albopictus mosquito cell line to the malaria vector anopheles gambiae via the drosophila genome project. | an important justification for genome sequencing efforts is the anticipation that data from model organisms will provide a framework for the more rapid analysis of other, less studied genomes. in this investigation, we sequenced an internal region of 25 amino acids from a 52 kda protein that was differentially expressed in 20-hydroxyecdysone-treated aedes albopictus cells in culture. within the genbank non-mouse and non-human expressed sequence tag (est) database, this "aedes peptide" uncovered ... | 2002 | 11966884 |
| mechanism of virulence attenuation of glycosaminoglycan-binding variants of japanese encephalitis virus and murray valley encephalitis virus. | the in vivo mechanism for virulence attenuation of laboratory-derived variants of two flaviviruses in the japanese encephalitis virus (jev) serocomplex is described. host cell adaptation of jev and murray valley encephalitis virus (mve) by serial passage in adenocarcinoma cells selected for variants characterized by (i) a small plaque phenotype, (ii) increased affinity to heparin-sepharose, (iii) enhanced susceptibility to inhibition of infectivity by heparin, and (iv) loss of neuroinvasiveness ... | 2002 | 11967307 |
| experimental infection of horses with west nile virus. | a total of 12 horses of different breeds and ages were infected with west nile virus (wnv) via the bites of infected aedes albopictus mosquitoes. half the horses were infected with a viral isolate from the brain of a horse (bc787), and half were infected with an isolate from crow brain (ny99-6625); both were ny99 isolates. postinfection, uninfected female ae. albopictus fed on eight of the infected horses. in the first trial, nt antibody titers reached >1:320, 1:20, 1:160, and 1:80 for horses 1 ... | 2002 | 11971771 |
| indoor thermal fogging against vector mosquitoes with two bacillus thuringiensis israelensis formulations, vectobac abg 6511 water-dispersible granules and vectobac 12as liquid. | bioefficacy of thermal fogging application of 2 bacillus thuringiensis israelensis formulations, vectobac abg 6511 water-dispersible granules (3,000 international toxic unit [itu]/mg) and vectobac 12as liquid (1,200 itu/mg), was assessed for larvicidal activities against aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, anopheles dirus, and culex quinquefasciatus. portable agrofog af35 sprayers were used to apply the 2 formulations indoors in residential premises on penang island, malaysia. vectobac abg 6511 sho ... | 2002 | 11998931 |
| antibodies against prm protein distinguish between previous infection with dengue and japanese encephalitis viruses. | in southeast asia, dengue viruses often co-circulate with other flaviviruses such as japanese encephalitis virus, and due to the presence of shared antigenic epitopes it is often difficult to use serological methods to distinguish between previous infections by these flaviviruses. | 2002 | 12019028 |
| infectious cdna clone of the epidemic west nile virus from new york city. | we report the first full-length infectious clone of the current epidemic, lineage i, strain of west nile virus (wnv). the full-length cdna was constructed from reverse transcription-pcr products of viral rna from an isolate collected during the year 2000 outbreak in new york city. it was cloned into plasmid pbr322 under the control of a t7 promoter and stably amplified in escherichia coli hb101. rna transcribed from the full-length cdna clone was highly infectious upon transfection into bhk-21 c ... | 2002 | 12021317 |
| neuroblastoma cell-adapted yellow fever 17d virus: characterization of a viral variant associated with persistent infection and decreased virus spread. | serial passage of yellow fever 17d virus (yf5.2iv, derived from an infectious molecular clone) on mouse neuroblastoma (nb41a3) cells established a persistent noncytopathic infection associated with a variant virus. this virus (nb15a) was dramatically reduced in plaque formation and exhibited impaired replication kinetics on all cell lines examined compared to the parental virus. nucleotide sequence analysis of nb15a revealed a substitution in domain iii of the envelope (e) protein at residue 360 ... | 2002 | 12021351 |
| two new rhabdoviruses (rhabdoviridae) isolated from birds during surveillance for arboviral encephalitis, northeastern united states. | two novel rhabdoviruses were isolated from birds during surveillance for arboviral encephalitis in the northeastern united states. the first, designated farmington virus, is a tentative new member of the vesiculovirus genus. the second, designated rhode island virus, is unclassified antigenically, but its ultrastructure and size are more similar to those of some of the plant rhabdoviruses. both viruses infect birds and mice, as well as monkey kidney cells in culture, but their importance for hum ... | 2002 | 12023919 |
| la crosse encephalitis in eastern tennessee: clinical, environmental, and entomological characteristics from a blinded cohort study. | a blinded cohort study was conducted in 2000 to better understand the emergence of la crosse virus infection in eastern tennessee, with special emphasis on the potential mosquito vector(s). children with suspected central nervous system infection were enrolled at the time of clinical presentation at a large pediatric referral hospital. clinical, environmental, and entomological data were collected prior to case confirmation. sixteen of the 40 children included in the final analysis were confirme ... | 2002 | 12034585 |
| detection of west nile virus antigen in mosquitoes and avian tissues by a monoclonal antibody-based capture enzyme immunoassay. | an antigen capture immunoassay to detect west nile (wn) virus antigen in infected mosquitoes and avian tissues has been developed. with this assay purified wn virus was detected at a concentration of 32 pg/0.1 ml, and antigen in infected suckling mouse brain and laboratory-infected mosquito pools could be detected when the wn virus titer was 10(2.1) to 10(3.7) pfu/0.1 ml. in a blindly coded set of field-collected mosquito pools (n = 100), this assay detected wn virus antigen in 12 of 18 (66.7%) ... | 2002 | 12037058 |
| completion of the sequence of the nuclear ribosomal dna subunit of simulium sanctipauli, with descriptions of the 18s, 28s genes and the igs. | we describe the igs-ets, 18s and 28s ribosomal gene sequences of simulium sanctipauli vajime & dunbar, a member of the s. damnosum theobald (diptera: simuliidae) complex of blackflies (diptera: simuliidae). these regions, together with the its-1, its-2 and 5.8s rdna presented elsewhere (accession number u36206), constitute the composite sequence of the entire rdna unit, making s. sanctipauli the second dipteran species of medical importance for which the entire rdna has been sequenced. despite t ... | 2002 | 12510891 |
| decreased survival of mosquito cells after stable transfection with a drosophila ecdysteroid response element: possible involvement of a 40 kda dna binding protein. | homologous transfection systems provide a useful tool for characterizing promoters and other regulatory elements from cloned genes. we have used cultured aedes albopictus c7-10 mosquito cells to evaluate expression of 20-hydroxyecdysone-inducible genes. although this cell line has previously been shown to synthesize components of the ecdysteroid receptor and ecdysone-inducible proteins, the well-characterized ecdysteroid response element (ecre) from the drosophilahsp27 promoter failed to confer ... | 2002 | 15455055 |
| structure-based analysis of the ultraspiracle protein and docking studies of putative ligands. | the ultraspiracle protein (usp) is the insect ortholog of the mammalian retinoid x receptor (rxr). fundamental questions concern the functional role of usp as the heterodimerization partner of insect nuclear receptors such as the ecdysone receptor. the crystallographic structures of the ligand binding domain of usps of heliothis virescens and drosophila melanogaster solved recently show that helix 12 is locked in an antagonist conformation raising the question whether usps could adopt an agonist ... | 2002 | 15455059 |
| outlook of dengue in malaysia: a century later. | dengue continues to be a major health threat to malaysia a century after its first reported outbreak in 1902. examination of the available outbreak data suggested that a major df/dhf outbreak occurred in malaysia in a cyclical pattern of approximately every 8 years. all four dengue virus serotypes are found co-circulating in malaysia, but after the first and only major outbreak involving den-4 in 1960's, only den-1, den-2 and den-3 were associated with df/dhf outbreaks. it is argued that perhaps ... | 2002 | 16329552 |
| antigenic cell associated dengue 2 virus proteins detected in vitro using dengue fever patients sera. | at least three major antigenic dengue 2 virus proteins were recognized by pooled dengue fever patients' sera in infected aedes albopictus (c6/36) mosquito cells. dengue virus envelope (e), premembrane (prm) and non-structural protein 1 (ns 1) dimer were detected beginning on day 3 postinfection in both the cell membrane and cytosolic fractions. using the patients' sera, the presence of antigenic intermediate core protein (c)-prm and ns1-non-structural protein 2a (ns2a) in the cytoplasmic fractio ... | 2002 | 16329553 |
| network of coupled promoting motions in enzyme catalysis. | a network of coupled promoting motions in the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase is identified and characterized. the present identification is based on genomic analysis for sequence conservation, kinetic measurements of multiple mutations, and mixed quantum/classical molecular dynamics simulations of hydride transfer. the motions in this network span time scales of femtoseconds to milliseconds and are found on the exterior of the enzyme as well as in the active site. this type of network has broad ... | 2002 | 11867722 |
| characterization of three alternatively spliced isoforms of the rel/nf-kappa b transcription factor relish from the mosquito aedes aegypti. | the rel/nf-kappa b transcription factor relish performs a central role in the acute-phase response to microbial challenge by activating immune antibacterial peptides. we cloned and molecularly characterized the gene homologous to drosophila relish from the mosquito aedes aegypti. unlike drosophila relish, aedes relish has three alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different proteins. first, the predominant aedes relish transcript of 3.9 kb contains both the rel-homology domains and the inh ... | 2002 | 12119421 |
| abstracts of the fourth international symposium on molecular insect science. may 28-june 2, 2002. tucson, arizona, usa. | 2002 | 15455051 | |
| effectiveness and residual activity comparison of granular formulations of insect growth regulators pyriproxyfen and s-methoprene against florida mosquitoes in laboratory and outdoor conditions. | effectiveness and residual activity tests of granular formulations of 2 insect growth regulators (igrs), s-methoprene and pyriproxyfen, against laboratory-reared larvae of 5 colonized mosquitoes, aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, aedes taeniorhynchus, anopheles quadrimaculatus, and culex nigripalpus, were conducted in the laboratory and outdoors in plastic tubs. culex quinquefasciatus was exposed to these two igrs in the laboratory only. each igr formulation was applied at 0.02 and 0.05 ppm activ ... | 2002 | 12322941 |
| mosquito vector control and biology in latin america--a twelfth symposium. denver, colorado, february 2002. summaries. | the 12th annual latin american symposium presented by the american mosquito control association (amca) was held as part of the 68th annual meeting in denver, co, in february 2002. the principal objective, as for the previous 11 symposia, was to promote participation in the amca by vector control specialists, public health workers, and academicians from latin america. this publication includes summaries of 35 presentations that were given orally in spanish or presented as posters by participants ... | 2002 | 12322934 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of mosquito defensin genes. | to clone the defensin genes from the chinese main mosquito vectors and conduct sequnce analysis. | 2002 | 12297467 |
| does temperature affect the outcome of larval competition between aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus? | the superior larval competitive ability of aedes albopictus has been proposed to explain the recent displacement of aedes aegyptiby the former species inparts of the southeastern u.s. ae. aegypti persists, however, in sympatry with ae. albopictus in urban areas of southern louisiana, florida, and texas, and the impact of larval competition between these species has not been investigated at higher temperatures that may be characteristic of these urban environments. we compared growth and survivor ... | 2002 | 12125878 |
| mouthparts of male aedes (stegomyia) mosquitoes. | mouthparts of adult males of 17 strains of 8 species from the subgenus stegomyia of the genus aedes, including 5 strains of aedes aegypti and 6 strains of aedes albopictus, were examined. lengths of maxillae, mandibles, maxillary palpi, and proboscises were measured under light microscopy and their detailed structures were examined by scanning electron microscopy. lengths were presented as ratios to proboscis lengths. in contrast to previous reports, mandibles were found in all 5 strains of male ... | 2002 | 12083358 |
| a ribosome-free extract from cultured cells improves recovery of polysomes from the mosquito fat body: analysis of vitellogenin and ribosomal protein rpl34 gene expression. | we have examined the association of ribosomal protein rpl34 mrna with polysomes in aedes albopictus c7-10 cells in culture using a simple, two-step sucrose gradient. in growing cells, 40-50% of the ribosomes were engaged on polysomes. this proportion could be increased to 80% when metabolism was stimulated by refeeding the cells with fresh medium. conversely, ribosomes shifted off polysomes when cells were starved with phosphate-buffered saline or cell lysates were treated with puromycin. when s ... | 2002 | 12770046 |
| field evaluation of cypermethrin and cyfluthrin against dengue vectors in a housing estate in malaysia. | cynoff 25ulv (cypermethrin 25 g/l) and solfac ul015 (cyfluthrin 1.5% w/v) were evaluated against the sentinel sugar-fed adults and 4th-instar larvae of aedes aegypti in a housing estate endemic of dengue in malaysia. the impact of both pyrethroids on field populations of aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti larvae was monitored weekly using bottle containers. both cynoff 25ulv and solfac ul015 showed adulticidal effects and larvicidal effects. this field trial using cynoff 25ulv against dengue vec ... | 2002 | 12546459 |
| [climate and the superimposed distribution of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus on infestation of são paulo state, brazil]. | to study the influence of climatic factors and superimposed distribution of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus populations on their geographic dispersal in the state of são paulo. | 2002 | 12045797 |
| characterization and cdna cloning of an immune-induced lysozyme from cultured aedes albopictus mosquito cells. | protein chemistry and cdna sequencing were used to identify an aedes albopictus mosquito lysozyme secreted after treatment of cultured cells with heat-killed bacteria. on acid gels, the putative lysozyme activity ran just ahead of the cecropin band. elution of this activity yielded a single band on sds gels, with a mass of approximately 14 kda. mass spectral analysis of the silver-stained band uncovered five tryptic peptides with masses that matched peptides from an aedes aegypti lysozyme, which ... | 2003 | 12477497 |
| software for pattern recognition of the larvae of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. | software for pattern recognition of the larvae of mosquitoes aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, biological vectors of dengue and yellow fever, has been developed. rapid field identification of larva using a digital camera linked to a laptop computer equipped with this software may greatly help prevention campaigns. | 2003 | 12045822 |
| use of a geographic information system for defining spatial risk for dengue transmission in bangladesh: role for aedes albopictus in an urban outbreak. | we used conventional and spatial analytical tools to characterize patterns of transmission during a community-wide outbreak of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever in dhaka, bangladesh in 2000. a comprehensive household-level mosquito vector survey and interview was conducted to obtain data on mosquito species and breeding as well as illness consistent with dengue. clusters of dengue illnesses and high-density vector populations were observed in a distinct sector of the city. dengue cluster ... | 2003 | 14740881 |
| laboratory evaluation of 18 repellent compounds as oviposition deterrents of aedes albopictus and as larvicides of aedes aegypti, anopheles quadrimaculatus, and culex quinquefasciatus. | among 18 experimental skin repellent compounds tested at five concentrations in the laboratory as oviposition deterrents against aedes albopictus. 12 compounds showed significant activity, with median effective dose values ranging from 0.005 to 0.052%. the test compounds also were evaluated in the laboratory as larvicides against laboratory-reared 4th instars of aedes aegypti, anopheles quadrimaculatus, and culex quinquefasciatus with the same concentrations employed for the oviposition deterren ... | 2003 | 14710743 |
| methoprene interferes with mosquito midgut remodeling during metamorphosis. | many juvenile hormone analogs interfere with insect metamorphosis, a property that makes them useful in insect control and as investigatorial tools with which to study metamorphic mechanisms. we report that one such analog, methoprene, interferes with mosquito metamorphic midgut remodeling. methoprene treated aedes aegypti (l.), aedes albopictus (skuse), and culex quinquefasciatus (say) fourth instars pupate, but the pupal midguts are morphologically similar to larval midguts. the degree of midg ... | 2003 | 14680117 |
| laboratory evaluation of toxicity of 16 insect repellents in aerosol sprays to adult mosquitoes. | sixteen commercial insect repellents (6 botanical and 10 synthetic organic products) in spray formulations were evaluated in the laboratory for adult knockdown (kd) and mortality of laboratory-reared female aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, and anopheles quadrimaculatus. all tested products produced significant posttreatment kd and 24 h mortality of all 3 mosquito species. in our study, the synthetic organic repellents induced faster kd and kd of higher magnitude in adult mosquitoes than the bota ... | 2003 | 14524551 |
| bromeliad-inhabiting mosquitoes in south florida: native and exotic plants differ in species composition. | at several locations in south florida, water impounded by the leaf axils of native or exotic bromeliads was sampled for immature mosquitoes. culex biscaynensis was the most commonly collected mosquito from exotic bromeliads at study sites in southeastern miami-dade county, whereas at nearby sites with native bromeliads, immature wyeomyia mitchellii were more abundant than immature culex biscaynensis. aquatic habitat size and persistence may be important factors favoring culex biscaynensis in exo ... | 2003 | 12831127 |
| susceptibility of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus larvae to ascogregarina culicis and ascogregarina taiwanensis (apicomplexa: lecudinidae) from florida. | the susceptibility of aedes aegypti to ascogregarina culicis and aedes albopictus to ascogregarina taiwanensis was examined with mosquito and parasite strains from tampa, fl. when each host was bioassayed with its natural gregarine, the infection intensity indicated that ae. aegypti was 59% more susceptible to a. culicis (87 gamonts/larva) than ae. albopictus to a. taiwanensis (47 gamonts/larva). infections in single and mixed host populations exposed to 100 oocysts/larva of one and both parasit ... | 2003 | 13678712 |
| [aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in rome: experimental study of relevant control strategy parameters]. | since 1997, aedes albopictus has colonised and then rapidly invaded the city of rome (italy) and its peripheral areas. presently, the control of this mosquito in italy relies mainly on larvicidal treatment of street storm sewer catch basins with the organophosphate temephos. we have therefore obtained baseline data on the susceptibility to temephos of the roman ae. albopictus population by laboratory bioassays on f1 fourth-instar larvae following standard who protocols. estimated lethal concentr ... | 2003 | 15267004 |
| habitat preferences and phenology of ochlerotatus triseriatus and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in southwestern virginia. | recently, the number of reported human cases of la crosse encephalitis, an illness caused by mosquito-borne la crosse virus (lac), has increased in southwestern virginia, resulting in a need for better understanding of the virus cycle and the biology of its vectors in the region. this study examined the spatial and temporal distributions of the primary vector of lac, ochlerotatus triseriatus (say), and a potential secondary vector, aedes albopictus (skuse). ovitrapping surveys were conducted in ... | 2003 | 14680103 |
| vector competence of rural and urban strains of aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (diptera: culicidae) from são paulo state, brazil for ic, id, and if subtypes of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. | aedes albopictus (skuse) is an asiatic mosquito species that has spread and colonized all continents except antarctica. it has major public health importance because it is a potential vector of several pathogens. the objectives of our study were to analyze the vector competence of urban and rural strains of ae. albopictus from são paulo state (brazil) for venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (vee) subtypes ic, id, and if, and to evaluate the effect of infection with subtype ic of vee on mosquito ... | 2003 | 14680121 |
| a simple parafilm m-based method for blood-feeding aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | a simple device for blood-feeding aedes (stegomyia) mosquitoes is described. parafilm m is stretched and pressed into fiberglass window screen to form a packet for holding warmed blood. the method has been used successfully to maintain aedes albopictus colonies for >2 yr. in typical blood-feeding trials, 53 +/- 0.8% (+/-se) of aedes aegypti (linnaeus) and 31 +/- 6% of ae. albopictus (skuse) fed to repletion. | 2003 | 14680132 |
| west nile virus: the indian scenario. | west nile virus (wnv) is an important arthropod borne flavivirus; usually causes a mild infection called west nile fever (wnf) in human and horses. mosquitoes are the principal vectors of wnv. various culex species are found to act as vectors in different geographical regions. the virus is maintained in a bird-mosquito cycle in nature. in india, culex mosquitoes are tentatively incriminated as vectors of wnv. experimental studies have shown that culex tritaeniorhynchus, cx. vishnui, cx. bitaenio ... | 2003 | 14700342 |
| age-dependent bloodfeeding of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus on artificial and living hosts. | in order to quantify age-dependent acquisition of a bloodmeal, we compared bloodfeeding patterns of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus starting from the time of first responsiveness to a bloodmeal up to 15 days postemergence. in separate experiments, cohorts of ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus of known age were offered their first bloodmeal from a silicon-membrane system or a restrained chicken. for cohorts ranging from 3 to 15 days old, the proportions feeding were significantly affected by speci ... | 2003 | 14710735 |
| spatiotemporal oviposition and habitat preferences of ochlerotatus triseriatus and aedes albopictus in an emerging focus of la crosse virus. | the number of cases of encephalitis caused by la crosse virus recently has increased in southwestern virginia counties. this article presents results of a study conducted from may to september 2000 in wise county, va, that examined the area-wide oviposition activity and habitat preferences of ochlerotatus triseriatus and aedes albopictus, potential vectors of la crosse virus in the region. data from 490 ovitrap collections made throughout the county showed that mean oviposition activity througho ... | 2003 | 14710741 |
| susceptibility of italian populations of aedes albopictus to temephos and to other insecticides. | we evaluated larval and adult susceptibility to 5 insecticides commonly used for control of aedes albopictus, by using 15 field-collected populations from northern and central italy, and we compared these data, collected in 2002, with those from evaluations conducted in 1992-93, 1996, and 1998-99. larvae were tested for susceptibility to temephos and to the conventional diagnostic dosages of chlorpyrifos and fenthion proposed by the world health organization for aedes aegypti. adults were expose ... | 2003 | 14710746 |
| a semifield evaluation of vectobac dt (abg-6499), a new formulation of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis for control of aedes albopictus. | we evaluated the effectiveness and duration of effectiveness of a new formulation of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) for control of larval aedes albopictus. the product tested was vectobac dt (abg-6499), a bti tablet formulation containing 3.4% of active ingredient (3,400 itu/mg) supplied by scae valent biosciences italy s.r.l. the study was conducted at the botanical garden of the university of rome "la sapienza" between june and september 2002, the most favorable season for the d ... | 2003 | 14710747 |
| first record of aedes albopictus from trinidad, west indies. | this is the 1st report of the occurrence of aedes albopictus in trinidad, west indies. eggs collected in 2 ovitraps, 1 in november and 1 in december 2002, were hatched and reared to adults at the insect vector control division laboratory. three female ae. albopictus emerged, whereas 6 females were collected by human-bait collections. the implications of these findings are discussed. | 2003 | 14710751 |
| seasonal prevalence and container preferences of aedes albopictus in santo domingo city, dominican republic. | the seasonal prevalence and container preferences of aedes albopictus (skuse) were studied in the park, parque mirador del norte in santo domingo city, dominican republic, from january to december 1994. tire ovitraps were set along a transect through the park and monitored weekly while two larval surveys were conducted in both the park and surrounding houses using standard entomological methodology. no seasonal pattern of oviposition was observed with similar numbers of positive tire traps colle ... | 2003 | 14714670 |
| larval habitats and distribution patterns of aedes aegypti (linnaeus) and aedes albopictus (skuse), in thailand. | this study was conducted to survey larval breeding habitats and to obtain larval abundance during the dry period covering all 5 geographical zones of thailand. our results indicated aedes aegypri is prevalent all over the country, whereas aedes albopictus is more restricted to the remote area of the south. water storage containers, especially water jars, served as a main larval breeding habitats of ae. aegypti, whereas broken cans and plastic containers are considered primary breeding sites for ... | 2003 | 15115122 |
| effect of monensin on mayaro virus replication in monkey kidney and aedes albopictus cells. | the effect of a cationic ionophore, monensin, on the replication of mayaro virus in monkey kidney tc7 and aedes albopictus cells has been studied. treatment of these cells with 1 micromol/l monensin during infection did not affect the virus protein synthesis but inhibited severely the virus replication. electron microscopy of the cells infected with mayaro virus and treated with monensin revealed that the morphogenesis of mayaro virus was impaired in tc7 but not in a. albopictus cells. | 2003 | 14524478 |
| a geospatial study of the potential of two exotic species of mosquitoes to impact the epidemiology of west nile virus in maryland. | we used geospatial techniques to study the potential impact of 2 exotic mosquitoes, aedes albopictus and ochlerotatus japonicus japonicus, on the epidemiology of west nile virus in maryland. these 2 species have established populations in maryland over the past 15 years. larvae of both mosquito species are found in natural and artificial water-holding cavities and containers, particularly water in tires. therefore, we used locations of licensed tire dealers and of tire dumps scheduled for clean ... | 2003 | 14524539 |
| dengue 2 pdk-53 virus as a chimeric carrier for tetravalent dengue vaccine development. | attenuation markers of the candidate dengue 2 (d2) pdk-53 vaccine virus are encoded by mutations that reside outside of the structural gene region of the genome. we engineered nine dengue virus chimeras containing the premembrane (prm) and envelope (e) genes of wild-type d1 16007, d3 16562, or d4 1036 virus within the genetic backgrounds of wild-type d2 16681 virus and the two genetic variants (pdk53-e and pdk53-v) of the d2 pdk-53 vaccine virus. expression of the heterologous prm-e genes in the ... | 2003 | 14557629 |
| role of gregarine parasite ascogregarina culicis (apicomplexa: lecudinidae) in the maintenance of chikungunya virus in vector mosquito. | ascogregarina culicis and ascogregarina taiwanensis are common gregarine parasites of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes, respectively. these mosquito species are also known to transmit dengue and chikungunya viruses. the sporozoites of these parasites invade the midgut epithelial cells and develop intracellularly and extracellularly in the gut to complete their life cycles. the midgut is also the primary site for virus replication in the vector mosquitoes. therefore, studies were car ... | 2003 | 14563178 |
| infection of malaria (anopheles gambiae s.s.) and filariasis (culex quinquefasciatus) vectors with the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae. | current intra-domiciliary vector control depends on the application of residual insecticides and/or repellents. although biological control agents have been developed against aquatic mosquito stages, none are available for adults. following successful use of an entomopathogenic fungus against tsetse flies (diptera: glossinidae) we investigated the potency of this fungus as a biological control agent for adult malaria and filariasis vector mosquitoes. | 2003 | 14565851 |
| [updating of the distribution of aedes albopictus in brazil (1997-2002)]. | updating regarding the distribution of aedes albopictus in brazil is presented for the period from 1997 to 2002. data from the yellow fever and dengue information system of the national health foundation is utilized. it can be seen that this species is present in 20 of the 27 brazilian states. | 2003 | 14569346 |
| [registration of the occurrence of aedes albopictus in an urban zone in manaus, amazonas, brazil]. | information is available regarding the presence of aedes albopictus in several municipalities of the state of amazonas. specimens of this mosquito species have now, for the first time, been collected from an urban area of the municipality of manaus, amazonas, brazil. | 2003 | 14569347 |
| dc-sign and l-sign can act as attachment receptors for alphaviruses and distinguish between mosquito cell- and mammalian cell-derived viruses. | c-type lectins such as dc-sign and l-sign, which bind mannose-enriched carbohydrate modifications of host and pathogen proteins, have been shown to bind glycoproteins of several viruses and facilitate either cis or trans infection. dc-sign and l-sign are expressed in several early targets of arbovirus infection, including dendritic cells (dcs) and cells of the reticuloendothelial system. in the present study, we show that dc-sign and l-sign can function as attachment receptors for sindbis (sb) v ... | 2003 | 14581539 |
| sindbis virus-associated pathology in aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | virus dissemination and associated pathology were examined in aedes albopictus after intrathoracic inoculation of sindbis virus (sin), the prototypic alphavirus. at 10 days postinfection, virus rna was detected in all three-body segments of the insect. colocalization of virus antigen with structural pathology was observed in mosquito salivary glands and midgut-associated visceral muscles, representing yet another example of arbovirus-associated pathology in a mosquito host. sin antigen and gross ... | 2003 | 14596286 |
| diagnosis of dengue virus infection by the visual and simple aubiodot immunoglobulin m capture system. | the dengue igm capture elisa (mac-elisa) is the immunoenzymatic system recommended by the pan american health organization and the world health organization for the serological diagnosis of dengue virus infection due to its high sensitivity, ease of performance, and use of a single acute-phase serum sample. however, tests with this enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) system are time-consuming and require equipment for washing, incubation, and reading of the results. aubiodot is a multistep ... | 2003 | 14607869 |
| [application of one step rt-pcr assay for detection of flavivirus rna in mosquitoes]. | the conditions of one step rt-pcr method for detection of virus rna in field-collected mosquitoes, and preservation period of infected mosquitoes for one step rt-pcr were examined. we compared several virus rna extraction methods with artificially contaminated mosquito pools with dengue virus (dv), japanese encephalitis virus (jev), and yellow fever virus (yfv) with a known amount of plaque forming unit (pfu) to establish the condition of one step rt-pcr. in this study, most effective rna extrac ... | 2003 | 14608915 |
| deletions in the transmembrane domain of a sindbis virus glycoprotein alter virus infectivity, stability, and host range. | the alphaviruses are composed of two icosahedral protein shells, one nested within the other. a membrane bilayer derived from the host cell is sandwiched between the protein shells. the protein shells are attached to one another by protein domains which extend one of the proteins of the outer shell through the membrane bilayer to attach to the inner shell. we have examined the interaction of the membrane-spanning domain of one of the membrane glycoproteins with the membrane bilayer and with othe ... | 2003 | 14610193 |
| antibody prophylaxis and therapy against west nile virus infection in wild-type and immunodeficient mice. | west nile virus (wnv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes encephalitis in a subset of susceptible humans. current treatment for wnv infections is supportive, and no specific therapy or vaccine is available. in this study, we directly tested the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of polyclonal antibodies against wnv. passive administration of human gamma globulin or mouse serum prior to wnv infection protected congenic wild-type, b-cell-deficient ( micro mt), and t- and b-cell-deficient ... | 2003 | 14645550 |
| infection and injury of neurons by west nile encephalitis virus. | west nile virus (wnv) infects neurons and leads to encephalitis, paralysis, and death in humans, animals, and birds. we investigated the mechanism by which neuronal injury occurs after wnv infection. neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cords of paralyzed mice exhibited a high degree of wnv infection, leukocyte infiltration, and degeneration. because it was difficult to distinguish whether neuronal injury was caused by viral infection or by the immune system response, a novel tissue cultur ... | 2003 | 14645577 |
| boric acid bait kills adult mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | the toxicity of boric acid solutions to adult anopheles quadrimaculatus say, culex nigripalpus theobald, and aedes albopictus skuse was evaluated in the laboratory. median lethal concentrations (lc50 in %) at 24-h exposure for male and female an. quadrimaculatus were 0.317 and 0.885, respectively; for cx. nigripalpus, 0.273 and 0.560, respectively; and for ae. albopictus, 0.174 and 0.527, respectively. the lc50 values at 48-h exposure for male and female an. quadrimaculatus were 0.101 and 0.395, ... | 2003 | 14650531 |
| first finding of dirofilaria repens in a natural population of aedes albopictus. | the invasive mosquito aedes albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae) has become widespread in italy during the past decade. also italy has foci of canine filariasis caused by dirofilaria (spirurida: onchocercidae), due to subcutaneous d. repens railliet & henry as well as the dog heartworm d. immitis (leidy) transmitted by various vector mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). in 2002, at fiumicino, west of rome (lazio region), 17% of dogs were found to have d. repens microfilariae in peripheral blood. ... | 2003 | 14651660 |
| a critical role for induced igm in the protection against west nile virus infection. | in humans, the elderly and immunocompromised are at greatest risk for disseminated west nile virus (wnv) infection, yet the immunologic basis for this remains unclear. we demonstrated previously that b cells and igg contributed to the defense against disseminated wnv infection (diamond, m.s., b. shrestha, a. marri, d. mahan, and m. engle. 2003. j. virol. 77:2578-2586). in this paper, we addressed the function of igm in controlling wnv infection. c57bl/6j mice (sigm-/-) that were deficient in the ... | 2003 | 14662909 |
| culture and phenotypic characterization of a wolbachia pipientis isolate. | the recent isolation of wolbachia pipientis in the continuous cell line aa23, established from eggs of a strain of the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus, allowed us to perform extensive characterization of the isolate. bacterial growth could be obtained in c6/36, another a. albopictus cell line, at 28 degrees c and in a human embryonic lung fibroblast monolayer at 28 and 37 degrees c, confirming that its host cell range is broader than was initially thought. the bacteria were best visualized ... | 2003 | 14662922 |
| [dominance of aedes aegypti over aedes albopictus in the southeastern coast of brazil]. | to assess infestation of aedes aegypti and aedes albopiticus and describe their association with weather conditions and container colonization in urban areas. | 2003 | 14666302 |
| convergent habitat segregation of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in southeastern brazil and florida. | during the rainy season of 2001, the incidence of the dengue vectors aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus was examined in different habitats of two cities (rio de janeiro and nova iguaçu) in rio de janeiro state, brazil, and in two cities (palm beach and boca raton) in florida. oviposition trap collections were performed in urban, suburban, and rural habitats in both areas. our hypothesis that the abundances and frequencies of occurrence of ae. aegypti and ae albopictus are affected in opposite ways ... | 2003 | 14765654 |
| role of bacteria in mediating the oviposition responses of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | the responses of aedes albopictus to sources of oviposition attractants and stimulants were evaluated with a behavioral bioassay in which females attracted to odorants emanating from water were trapped on screens coated with an adhesive. gravid mosquitoes were attracted to volatiles from larval-rearing water and soil-contaminated cotton towels. bacteria were isolated from these substrates and from an organic infusion made with oak leaves. through fatty acid-methyl ester analyses, six bacterial i ... | 2003 | 14765661 |
| aedes albopictus is a natural vector of dirofilaria immitis in italy. | investigations were carried out in padova town (veneto region, ne italy) to define the actual role of aedes albopictus in the natural transmission of dirofilaria nematodes, and to assess the risk that its presence might represent for veterinary and medical health. during summer 2000-2002 daytime captures of human-attracted mosquitoes were carried out in three areas of the town. the presence of filarial parasites in mosquitoes was evaluated by pcr, and sequencing confirmed species assessment. dna ... | 2003 | 14729167 |
| glycosaminoglycan binding properties of natural venezuelan equine encephalitis virus isolates. | equine-virulent, epidemic/epizootic strains of venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) virus (veev) arise via mutation of progenitor enzootic strains that replicate poorly in equines. sequencing studies have implicated positively charged amino acids on the surface of the e2 envelope glycoprotein in the acquisition of equine virulence and viremia potential, suggesting that changes in binding to cell surface glycosaminoglycans (gags) may mediate vee emergence. therefore, we evaluated the binding of n ... | 2003 | 12502837 |
| a live, attenuated dengue virus type 1 vaccine candidate with a 30-nucleotide deletion in the 3' untranslated region is highly attenuated and immunogenic in monkeys. | the delta30 deletion mutation, which was originally created in dengue virus type 4 (den4) by the removal of nucleotides 172 to 143 from the 3' untranslated region (3' utr), was introduced into a homologous region of wild-type (wt) dengue virus type 1 (den1). the resulting virus, rden1delta30, was attenuated in rhesus monkeys to a level similar to that of the rden4delta30 vaccine candidate. rden1delta30 was more attenuated in rhesus monkeys than the previously described vaccine candidate, rden1mu ... | 2003 | 12502885 |
| development of group- and serotype-specific one-step sybr green i-based real-time reverse transcription-pcr assay for dengue virus. | a quantitative one-step sybr green i-based reverse transcription (rt)-pcr system was developed for the detection and differentiation of four different dengue virus serotypes in acute-phase serum samples. a set of group- and serotype-specific primer pairs was designed against conserved sequences in the core region and evaluated for clinical diagnosis. a linear relationship was obtained between the amount of input rna and cycle threshold (ct) value over a range of 10 to 10(7) pfu per ml of cell cu ... | 2003 | 12791857 |
| epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of west nile virus antibodies in domestic mammals. | we evaluated the ability of epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) to detect west nile virus (wnv) antibodies in domestic mammals. sera were collected from experimentally infected horses, cats, and pigs at regular intervals and screened in elisas and plaque reduction neutralization tests. the diagnostic efficacies of these techniques were similar. | 2003 | 12791902 |
| [survival of aedes albopictus: physiological age and reproductive history]. | to study the longevity of ae. albopictus populations in rural and urban areas in two different feeding conditions and to assess their physiological age and reproductive history. | 2003 | 12792677 |
| aedes albopictus may not be vector of dengue virus in human epidemics in brazil. | over 60,500 dengue cases were reported in the state of espírito santo (es), brazil, between 1995 and 1998. the study's purpose was to identify whether aedes albopictus was transmitting the dengue virus during an epidemic in the locality of vila beth nia (viana county),vitória, es. from april 3 to 9, 1998, blood and serum samples were collected daily for virus isolation and serological testing. four autochthonous cases were confirmed through den 1 virus isolation and two autochthonous cases throu ... | 2003 | 12792692 |
| [occurrence of aedes albopictus in the state of pará, brazil]. | it is first reported the detection of aedes (stg) albopictus mosquitoes in state of par , brazil, in the urban area of medicil ndia, a municipality far 90 km from altamira, where 42 adult mosquitoes were baited using human attraction. all mosquitoes were pooled and inoculated into c6/36 and suckling mice in attempts for virus isolation. no virus was isolated. the occurrence of aedes albopictus in urban areas of the amazon region is of concern since dengue and yellow fever viruses are endemic in ... | 2003 | 12792693 |
| obligatory symbiotic wolbachia endobacteria are absent from loa loa. | background: many filarial nematodes harbour wolbachia endobacteria. these endobacteria are transmitted vertically from one generation to the next. in several filarial species that have been studied to date they are obligatory symbionts of their hosts. elimination of the endobacteria by antibiotics interrupts the embryogenesis and hence the production of microfilariae. the medical implication of this being that the use of doxycycline for the treatment of human onchocerciasis and bancroftian filar ... | 2003 | 12801420 |
| flock house virus replicates and expresses green fluorescent protein in mosquitoes. | flock house virus (fhv) is a non-enveloped, positive-sense rna virus of insect origin that belongs to the family nodaviridae. fhv has been shown to overcome the kingdom barrier and to replicate in plants, insects, yeast and mammalian cells. although of insect origin, fhv has not previously been shown to replicate in mosquitoes. we have tested fhv replication in vitro in c6/36 cells (derived from neonatal aedes albopictus) and in vivo in four different genera of mosquitoes, aedes, culex, anophele ... | 2003 | 12810873 |
| host-feeding patterns of potential human disease vectors in the paraíba valley region, state of säo paulo, brazil. | engorged females of aedes albopictus, ochlerotatus scapularis, culex nigripalpus and culex quinquefasciatus were collected by aspiration and sweep net during two years in tremembé county, state of säo paulo, brazil. of the 1,092 specimens analyzed with the precipitin test, 87.6% reacted to one or more of the eight antisera tested. of the four species for which the host determination was made, the reaction in 98.5% was to a single host. the application of the feeding index for four species of mos ... | 2003 | 12831131 |
| [sequences analysis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit i gene in aedes albopictus from different geographic strains in china]. | to compare the sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit i gene (coi) in aedes albopictus from different geographic strains in china and to discuss the differences in susceptibility among different geographic strains to dengue virus (dv). | 2003 | 12848917 |
| deletions in the putative cell receptor-binding domain of sindbis virus strain mre16 e2 glycoprotein reduce midgut infectivity in aedes aegypti. | the sindbis virus (alphavirus; togaviridae) strain mre16 efficiently infects aedes aegypti mosquitoes that ingest a blood meal containing 8 to 9 log(10) pfu of virus/ml. however, a small-plaque variant of this virus, mre16sp, poorly infects mosquitoes after oral infection with an equivalent titer. to determine the genetic differences between mre16 and mre16sp viruses, we have sequenced the mre16sp structural genes and found a 90-nucleotide deletion in the e2 glycoprotein that spans the 3' end of ... | 2003 | 12885905 |
| the histone-like c-terminal extension in ribosomal protein s6 in aedes and anopheles mosquitoes is encoded within the distal portion of exon 3. | in eukaryotic cells, ribosomal protein s6 (rps6) is the major phosphorylated protein on the small ribosomal subunit. in the mosquitoes aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, the cdna encoding rps6 contains 300 additional nucleotides, relative to the drosophila homolog. the additional sequence encodes a 100-amino acid, lysine-rich c-terminal extension of the rps6 protein with 42-49% identity to histone h1 proteins from the chicken and other multicellular organisms. using mass spectrometry we now sho ... | 2003 | 12915181 |
| large genetic differentiation and low variation in vector competence for dengue and yellow fever viruses of aedes albopictus from brazil, the united states, and the cayman islands. | we conducted a population genetic analysis of aedes albopictus collected from 20 sites in brazil, the united states (florida, georgia, and illinois), and the cayman islands. using isoenzyme analysis, we examined genetic diversity and patterns of gene flow. high genetic differentiation was found among brazilian samples, and between them and north american samples. regression analysis of genetic differentiation according to geographic distances indicated that ae. albopictus samples from florida we ... | 2003 | 12932107 |
| growth characteristics of the veterinary vaccine candidate chimerivax-west nile (wn) virus in aedes and culex mosquitoes. | in 1999 west nile (wn) virus was introduced to north america where this flavivirus has spread rapidly among wildlife (especially birds) transmitted by various species of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). increasing numbers of cases and deaths among humans, horses and other domestic animals require development of effective vaccines. 'chimerivax-west nile(vet)' is being developed for use as a veterinary vaccine to protect against wn infection. this chimeric virus contains the pre-membrane (prm) and ... | 2003 | 12941006 |
| first report of the oriental mosquito aedes albopictus on the west african island of bioko, equatorial guinea. | the invasive oriental mosquito aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae) was detected on bioko island for the first time in november 2001. it was found to be well established breeding in artificial containers at planta, near malabo, the capital of equatorial guinea. associated species of mosquito larvae were aedes aegypti (l.), ae. africanus (theobald), culex near decens theobald, cx. duttoni theobald, cx. quinquefasciatus say, cx. tigripes de grandpré & de charmoy, eretmapodites ... | 2003 | 12941021 |
| infection of new- and old-world aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) by the intracellular parasite wolbachia: implications for host mitochondrial dna evolution. | wolbachia are cytoplasmically inherited, endosymbiotic bacteria known to infect a wide variety of arthropods. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of the wolbachia surface protein (wsp) gene was used to assay the infection of geographically disparate populations of aedes albopictus (skuse) by wolbachia. nine north american, four south american, one hawaiian, and four old world populations of a. albopictus were all doubly infected with both the walba and walbb strains of wolbachia. a 365 ... | 2003 | 12943116 |
| insecticide susceptibility tests of anopheles minimus s.l., aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, and culex quinquefasciatus in northern thailand. | the susceptibility of anopheles minimus s.l., aedes aegypti, ae. albopictus, and culex quinquefasciatus to insecticide in northern thailand was monitored by using the who standard susceptibility test. one- to two-day old female mosquitos, which were reared from wild caught females or immature stages, were exposed to discriminating dosages of insecticides for recommended exposure periods, and the 24-hour mortality recorded. the results revealed that, in general, an. minimus s.l. was still suscept ... | 2003 | 12971519 |