Publications

vegetation pattern and heavy metal accumulation at a mine tailing at gyöngyösoroszi, hungary.	vegetation at an abandoned heavy metal bearing mine tailing may have multifunctional roles such as modification of water balance, erosion control and landscape rehabilitation. research on the vegetation of mine tailings can provide useful information on tolerance, accumulation and translocation properties of species potentially applicable at moderately contaminated sites. analyses of the relationship between heavy metal content (pb, zn and cu) and vegetation in a mine tailing were carried out. t ...	2005	15948607
comparison of early development of three grasses: lolium perenne, agrostis stolonifera and poa pratensis.	to improve the management of grass communities, early plant development was compared in three species with contrasting growth forms, a caespitose (lolium perenne), a rhizomatous (poa pratensis) and a caespitose-stoloniferous species (agrostis stolonifera).	2005	15932884
bluegrass blessing.		2005	15966161
periodic oscillatory activity in parahippocampal slices maintained in vitro.	brain slices maintained in vitro have been extensively used for studying neuronal synchronization. however, the validity of this approach may be questioned since pharmacological procedures are usually required to elicit spontaneous events similar to the eeg activity recorded in vivo. here, we report that when superfused with control medium, rat brain slices comprising the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices along with a portion of the basolateral/lateral nuclei of the amygdala can synchronously g ...	2005	15652999
inhibition of luteinizing hormone secretion by localized administration of estrogen, but not dihydrotestosterone, is enhanced in the ventromedial hypothalamus during feed restriction in the young wether.	the ability of steroids to inhibit lh secretion is enhanced during undernutrition. to identify potential hypothalamic sites at which this enhancement may occur, we examined lh secretion in feed-restricted or fed young wethers treated with locally administered metabolites of testosterone. in experiment 1, microimplants containing crystalline estradiol-17beta (e) or cholesterol were administered via chronic guide tubes directed to the preoptic area (poa) or ventromedial hypothalamus (vmh) in fed o ...	2005	15972883
a psba mutation in kochia scoparia (l) schrad from railroad rights-of-way with resistance to diuron, tebuthiuron and metribuzin.	kochia [kochia scoparia (l) schrad] has become resistant to many herbicides used in cropland and railroad rights-of-way in north dakota and minnesota. kochia scoparia plants that had survived annual treatments with diuron and tebuthiuron were sampled along railroad rights-of-way in north dakota and minnesota. the samples were screened in the greenhouse for resistance to diuron, tebuthiuron, metribuzin and bromoxynil from 0.5x to 32x the recommended use rates. a resistant k scoparia accession (mn ...	2005	15952238
localization of poa semilatent virus cysteine-rich protein in peroxisomes is dispensable for its ability to suppress rna silencing.	subcellular localization of the poa semilatent virus cysteine-rich gammab protein was studied by using different approaches. in infected tissue, gammab was detected mainly in the p30 fraction as monomers, dimers and oligomers. green fluorescent protein-fused gammab was found to localize in punctate bodies in the cytoplasm. colocalization with marker proteins demonstrated that these bodies represent peroxisomes. immunoelectron microscopy revealed that gammab was localized in the peroxisomal matri ...	2005	15659769
down-regulation of gat-1 mrna expression in the microdissected hypothalamic medial preoptic area of rat offspring exposed maternally to ethinylestradiol.	steroid hormones are powerful regulators of gene transcription in the brain and have the potential to permanently alter the structure and function of the developing brain. steroid-mediated altered gene expression may thus be responsible for the molecular cascade for sexual differentiation. in this study, to assess effects of maternal exposure to ethinylestradiol (ee) on brain sexual differentiation of offspring, region-specific mrna expression of two estrogen-responsive genes, gamma-aminobutyric ...	2005	15664431
action of 24-epibrassinolide on a cell line of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua.	the spodoptera exigua cell line se4 is sensitive for ecdysteroid activity stimulated by the insect molting hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e), showing a cease in cell proliferation (with 50% inhibition around 1 microm) and characteristic cell morphology changes with aggregation and formation of long filamentous cytoplasmic extensions. the bisacylhydrazine tebufenozide also triggered such typical cellular effects in se4, and in addition, it showed an affinity for binding in competition with 3h-pon ...	2005	15717319
emulsion intercalation of smectite clays with comb-branched copolymers consisting of multiple quaternary amine salts and a poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene) backbone.	layered silicates were intercalated with comb-branched copolymers consisting of a hydrophobic polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene/butylene)-b-polystyrene (sebs) backbone and multiple pendants of poly(oxyalkylene) (poa) quaternary ammonium salts. the requisite intercalating agents were synthesized by grafting poa amines on the maleated sebs. the corresponding sebs-poa amine salts were found to have two functions, the capability to emulsify toluene/water mixtures to fine particle sizes of 60-70 nm in diam ...	2005	16008418
neuroendocrine consequences of prenatal androgen exposure in the female rat: absence of luteinizing hormone surges, suppression of progesterone receptor gene expression, and acceleration of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator.	preovulatory gnrh and lh surges depend on activation of estrogen (e2)-inducible progesterone receptors (pgrs) in the preoptic area (poa). surges do not occur in males, or in perinatally androgenized females. we sought to determine whether prenatal androgen exposure suppresses basal or e2-induced pgr mrna expression or e2-induced lh surges (or both) in adulthood, and whether any such effects may be mediated by androgen receptor activation. we also assessed whether prenatal androgens alter subsequ ...	2005	15744016
biosolids compost amendment for reducing soil lead hazards: a pilot study of orgro amendment and grass seeding in urban yards.	in situ inactivation of soil pb is an alternative to soil removal and replacement that has been demonstrated in recent years at industrial sites with hazardous soil pb concentrations. most children exposed to elevated soil pb, however, reside in urban areas, and no government programs exist to remediate such soils unless an industrial source caused the contamination. modern regulated biosolids composts have low pb concentrations and low bioaccessible pb fractions and can improve grass growth on ...	2005	15752494
serk and apostart. candidate genes for apomixis in poa pratensis.	seed production generally requires the mating of opposite sex gametes. apomixis, an asexual mode of reproduction, avoids both meiotic reduction and egg fertilization. the essential feature of apomixis is that an embryo is formed autonomously by parthenogenesis from an unreduced egg of an embryo sac generated through apomeiosis. if apomixis were well understood and harnessed, it could be exploited to indefinitely propagate superior hybrids or specific genotypes bearing complex gene sets. a more p ...	2005	16024690
induced expression of c-fos in the diencephalon and pituitary gland of goats following transportation.	to identify regions of the caprine diencephalone and pituitary gland related to transportation stress, the expression of c-fos protein was examined immunohistochemically as an indicator of neural activation. ten castrated shiba goats (capra hircus), five transported and five controls, were used. transported goats were trucked for 1 h and killed by transcardiac perfusion 1 h after the end of transportation. control goats were housed in single pens killed in the same manner and at the same time as ...	2005	16024703
modulation of glutamate-induced outward current by prostaglandin e(2) in rat dissociated preoptic neurons.	the preoptic/anterior hypothalamus (poa) is one of the major brain regions where cytokines and their related mediators (i.e., prostaglandins) exert diverse actions. in the present study, the modulatory effects of prostaglandin e(2) (pge(2)) on the glutamate-induced membrane currents were examined using perforated-patch clamp method in rat poa neurons that had been mechanically dissociated by vibration without enzyme treatment. application of glutamate through u-tube induced a slow outward curren ...	2005	15777767
effects of maternal exposure to a low dose of diethylstilbestrol on sexual dimorphic nucleus volume and male reproductive system in rat offspring.	diethylstilbestrol (des) was administered subcutaneously at 0.5, 1.5 or 4.5 microg/kg/day (des 0.5, 1.5 and 4.5 groups, respectively) to pregnant sd rats daily on days 7-21 of gestation, to investigate its effects on the development and functions of the reproductive system in their male offspring. of the 10 pregnant rats in the des 4.5 group, only 1 delivered, and this rat could not suckle the pups. rat pups in the des 0.5 and 1.5 groups were autopsied at 1, 3, 6 and 15 weeks after birth. the te ...	2005	15800398
the distributions of the duplicate oestrogen receptors er-beta a and er-beta b in the forebrain of the atlantic croaker (micropogonias undulatus): evidence for subfunctionalization after gene duplication.	teleost fishes have three distinct oestrogen receptor (er) subtypes: er-alpha, er-beta a (or er-gamma) and er-beta b. er-beta a and er-beta b arose from a duplication of an ancestral er-beta gene early in the teleost lineage. here, we describe the distribution of the three er mrnas in the hypothalamus and cerebellum of the atlantic croaker to address two issues: the specific functions of multiple ers in the neuroendocrine system and the evolution and fate of duplicated genes. er-alpha was detect ...	2005	15817438
gene regulation by nmda receptor activation in the sdn-poa neurons of male rats during sexual development.	the present study was designed to identify possible signaling pathways, which may play a role in prevention of neuronal apoptosis in the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (sdn-poa) after physiological activation of the n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptor. gene response to the blockage of the nmda receptor by an antagonist (dizocilpine hydrogen maleate; mk-801) was screened after suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh). the results showed that differential screening after ssh d ...	2005	15821108
[genetic polymorphism of bluegrass cultivars detected by rapds].	kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.) is a hardy, persistent forage and turf grass adapted to a wide range of soils and climates. its ever-increasing adoption in highly cared-for sports fields has attracted the attention of many seed companies. however in the past, the breeding of elite varieties was often hampered by the extreme complexity of the genome. the polymorphism is important for broading the genetic basis and may be exploited for application of heterosis. the genetic relationship of 16 ...	2005	16120587
fungal endophyte n-acetylglucosaminidase expression in the infected host grass.	fungal endophytes of the genera neotyphodium and epichlolë are important mutualistic symbionts and pathogens of many cool-season grass species. here we report the characterization of a secreted n-acetylglucosaminidase from the neotyphodium sp. endophyte that infects the grass poa ampla. the enzyme was expressed at low levels within the host, and activity could be detected in the apoplastic protein fraction. low-level expression could also be detected in endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass (lol ...	2005	15912954
progesterone can block the preovulatory gonadotropin-releasing hormone/luteinising hormone surge in the ewe by a direct inhibitory action on oestradiol-responsive cells within the hypothalamus.	elevated oestradiol concentrations during the follicular phase stimulate a surge in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) and luteinising hormone (lh) concentrations, which leads to ovulation. progesterone can block the oestradiol-induced gnrh/lh surge, but the mechanism that is involved is unclear. we examined the effect of progesterone on oestradiol-induced activation of cells within the ovine hypothalamus/preoptic area (poa) to determine: (i) in which regions progesterone acts to block the gn ...	2005	15796768
evidence that projections from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and from the lateral and medial regions of the preoptic area provide input to gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) neurons in the female sheep brain.	the arcuate nucleus/ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (arc/vmh) region is thought to relay estrogen feedback signals to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) cells in the sheep brain. this region sends major projections to the lateral preoptic area (lpoa), ventral bed nucleus of the stria terminals (vbnst) and the ventro-caudal division of the median preoptic nucleus (vcmepon) with little direct input to gnrh cell bodies, suggesting interneuronal relay to gnrh neurons. the brain stem also provid ...	2005	15802194
in situ characterization of gonadotropin- releasing hormone-i, -iii, and glutamic acid decarboxylase expression in the brain of the sea lamprey, petromyzon marinus.	the distribution of lamprey gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh)-i and -iii has been extensively characterized by immunocytochemistry in the forebrain of the sea lamprey, petromyzon marinus. however, the cellular location of lamprey gnrh-iii mrna expression by in situ hybridization in the lamprey brain has not been determined. we show for the first time the location of expression of lamprey gnrh-iii, as well as provide a more comprehensive in situ study of lamprey gnrh-i and glutamic acid decar ...	2005	15475659
genome relationships in polyploid poa pratensis and other poa species inferred from phylogenetic analysis of nuclear and chloroplast dna sequences.	the genus poa comprises approximately 500 species that occur throughout the world, including the widely grown kentucky bluegrass (p. pratensis l.). hybridization and polyploidization have played a prominent role in the evolution of this complex genus, but limited information is available regarding genome relationships in poa. thus, we amplified, cloned, and compared the dna sequences of 2 nuclear genes (cdo504 and thioredoxin-like protein) and 2 chloroplast genome loci (ndhf and trnt-trnf) from ...	2005	15729399
manganese toxicity thresholds for restoration grass species.	manganese toxicity thresholds for restoration plants have not been established. as a result, ecological risk assessments rely on toxicity thresholds for agronomic species, which may differ from those of restoration species. our objective was to provide mn toxicity thresholds for grasses commonly used in restoration. we used a greenhouse screening study where seedlings of redtop, slender wheatgrass, tufted hairgrass, big bluegrass, basin wildrye, and common wheat were grown in sand culture and ex ...	2005	15734591
progesterone increases dynorphin a concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and preprodynorphin messenger ribonucleic acid levels in a subset of dynorphin neurons in the sheep.	recent studies suggest that the endogenous opioid peptide, dynorphin, is an important mediator of progesterone negative feedback on gnrh pulse frequency in the ewe. these experiments tested this hypothesis by examining the effects of progesterone on dynorphin a concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) collected from the third ventricle and expression of preprodynorphin (ppd) mrna in hypothalamic nuclei. csf was collected every 10 min for 5 h in three groups of ewes: 1) ovary-intact ewes durin ...	2005	15650077
direct pyrogenic input from prostaglandin ep3 receptor-expressing preoptic neurons to the dorsomedial hypothalamus.	fever is induced by a neuronal mechanism in the brain. prostaglandin (pg) e2 acts as a pyrogenic mediator in the preoptic area (poa) probably through the ep3 subtype of pge receptor expressed on gabaergic neurons, and this pge2 action triggers neuronal pathways for sympathetic thermogenesis in peripheral effector organs including brown adipose tissue (bat). to explore pyrogenic efferent pathways from the poa, we determined projection targets of ep3 receptor-expressing poa neurons with a special ...	2005	16367780
expression of orexin receptors in the brain and peripheral tissues of the male sheep.	orexins exert their effects through two specific receptors (ox1r and ox2r) that have been found mainly in the brain and also in peripheral tissues of rats and humans. here, we demonstrate expression of mrna encoding for ovine ox1r and ox2r in central and peripheral tissues of sheep. gene expression for orexin receptors in the hypothalamus and the preoptic area was localised by in situ hybridisation. ox1r was detected in arcuate nuclei (arc), median eminence (me), the lateral hypothalamic nuclei ...	2005	15544844
root penetration of sealing layers made of fly ash and sewage sludge.	fly ash and sewage sludge are suggested materials for constructing sealing layers covering mine tailings impoundments. little is known, however, of their effect on vegetation or resistance to root penetration. we investigate: (i) the ability of different plant species to grow in sealing layers comprising fly ash and sewage sludge, (ii) the impact on plant growth of freshly hardened fly ash compared to aged and leached ash, and (iii) the plant stress response to fly ashes of different properties. ...	2006	16825445
the neuronal structure of the preoptic area in the mole and the rabbit: golgi and nissl studies.	the present studies were carried out on the brains of the adult mole and rabbit. the preparations were made by means of the golgi technique and the nissl method. two types of neurons were distinguished in the preoptic area (poa) of both species: bipolar and multipolar. the bipolar neurons have oval, fusiform or round perikarya and two dendritic trunks arising from the opposite poles of the cell body. the dendrites bifurcate once or twice. the dendritic branches have swellings, single spine-like ...	2006	17171617
intake and performance of lactating cows grazing diverse forage mixtures.	twenty multiparous holstein cows in midlactation grazed pastures of 4 forage mixtures in a 12-wk study repeated during 2 grazing seasons to determine if forage mixture complexity affected intake and productivity of lactating dairy cows. the forage mixtures were 1) orchardgrass plus white clover [2 species (sp)]; 2) orchardgrass, white clover, and chicory (3sp); 3) orchardgrass, tall fescue, perennial ryegrass, red clover, birdsfoot trefoil, and chicory (6sp); and 4) 6sp mixture plus white clover ...	2006	16702282
identifying potentially preventable complications using a present on admission indicator.	this article describes the development of potentially preventable complications (ppcs), a new method that uses a present on admission (poa) indicator to identify in-hospital complications among secondary diagnoses that arise after admission. analyses that used ppcs to obtain risk-adjusted complication rates for california hospitals showed that (1) the poa indicator is essential for identifying complications, (2) frequency of complications varies by reason for admission and severity of illness (s ...	2006	17290649
thermosensitive y-shaped micelles of poly(oleic acid-y-n-isopropylacrylamide) for drug delivery.	a novel thermosensitive amphiphilic copolymer comprised of two hydrophobic poly(oleic acid) (poa) segments and one hydrophilic poly(n-isopropylacrylamide) (pnipaam) segment was designed and synthesized. the structure of the copolymer was confirmed as y-shaped by ftir, 1h nmr, and sec-malls analysis. a cytotoxicity study shows that the p(oa-y-nipaam) copolymer exhibits good biocompatibility. the copolymer may self-assemble into micelles in water, with the hydrophobic poa segments at the cores of ...	2006	17193145
patterns of fos-like immunoreactivity in the brains of parent ring doves (streptopelia risoria) given tactile and nontactile exposure to their young.	neuronal activation was examined by fos immunohistochemistry in ring doves (streptopelia risoria) reunited with their young after overnight separation. in an initial study, squab-exposed parents showed more fos immunoreactivity (ir) in the preoptic area (poa) and lateral hypothalamus (lh) than squab-deprived parents. in a 2nd study, parents allowed free access to young and those separated from young by a wire mesh partition showed more fos-ir in the poa, lh, and lateral septum than box-exposed c ...	2006	16768617
hybridization-ligation versus parallel overlap assembly: an experimental comparison of initial pool generation for direct-proportional length-based dna computing.	previously, direct-proportional length-based dna computing (dplb-dnac) for solving weighted graph problems has been reported. the proposed dplb-dnac has been successfully applied to solve the shortest path problem, which is an instance of weighted graph problems. the design and development of dplb-dnac is important in order to extend the capability of dna computing for solving numerical optimization problem. according to dplb-dnac, after the initial pool generation, the initial solution is subje ...	2006	16805106
the impact of invasive grasses on the population growth of anemone patens, a long-lived native forb.	negative impacts of invasive plants on natives have been well documented, but much less is known about whether invasive plants can cause population level declines. we used demographic models to investigate the effects of two invasive grasses on the demography and population growth of anemone patens, a long-lived native perennial of north american grasslands. demographic data of a. patens growing in patches characterized by bromus inermis, poa pratensis, or native grasses were used to parameteriz ...	2006	17249243
root penetration through sealing layers at mine deposit sites.	to prevent acid mine drainage arising from oxygen and water penetration of sulphide-rich mine tailings, the tailings are covered with layers of dry sealing material. plant roots have a great ability to penetrate dense materials, and if the roots are able to penetrate the sealing layer of a tailings deposit, its oxygen-shielding properties could be reduced. the objective of this study was to evaluate whether plant roots are able to penetrate sealing layers covering mine tailings deposits. root pe ...	2006	17253002
polymer - supported cobalt (ii) catalysts for the oxidation of alkenes.	polymer-supported heterogeneous catalysts in a form of complexes of 8-hydroxy- quinoline with cobalt acetate were synthesized. conjugated polymers - polyaniline (pani), poly-o-toluidine (pot), poly-o-anisidine (poa) - were used as supports. oxidation reactions of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons were carried out in the presence of molecular oxygen at atmospheric pressure and epoxides or ketones were obtained as the main products with high selectivity.	2006	17962751
volumetric changes in the transferred flap after anterior craniofacial reconstruction.	the goal of craniofacial reconstruction is not only life-saving but also facial aesthetics. from this viewpoint the authors evaluated the facial symmetry of patients after craniofacial reconstruction. the subjects were seven patients reconstructed after craniofacial resections. their ct or mr images were evaluated just after surgery, 1 month after surgery, and 6 months after surgery. based on these images, the proportion of simple area (psa) and the proportion of overlapped area (poa) were calcu ...	2006	17048130
syntheses of fully sulfonated polyaniline nano-networks and its application to the direct electrochemistry of cytochrome c.	fully sulfonated polyaniline nano-particles, nano-fibrils and nano-networks have been achieved for the first time by electrochemical homopolymerization of orthanilic acid using a three-step electrochemical deposition procedure in a mixed solvent of acetonitrile (acn) and water. the diameter of the uniform nano-particles is about 60 nm, and the nano-fibrils can be organized in two-dimensional (2d) or three-dimensional (3d) non-periodic networks with good electrical contact. average distance betwe ...	2006	15913978
growth and nutritive quality of poa pratensis as influenced by ozone and competition.	interspecific plant competition has been hypothesized to alter effects of early-season ozone (o3) stress. a phytometer-based approach was utilized to investigate o3 effects on growth and nutritive quality of poa pratensis grown in monoculture and in mixed cultures with four competitor-plant species (anthoxanthum odoratum, achillea millefolium, rumex acetosa and veronica chamaedrys). mesocosms were exposed during april/may 2000-2002 to charcoal-filtered air+25 ppb o3 (control) or non-filtered air ...	2006	16290915
fall fertilization timing effects on nitrate leaching and turfgrass color and growth.	fall season fertilization is a widely recommended practice for turfgrass. fertilizer applied in the fall, however, may be subject to substantial leaching losses. a field study was conducted in connecticut to determine the timing effects of fall fertilization on nitrate n (no3-n) leaching, turf color, shoot density, and root mass of a 90% kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.), 10% creeping red fescue (festuca rubra l.) lawn. treatments consisted of the date of fall fertilization: 15 september, 15 ...	2006	16391287
generation of large numbers of transgenic kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.) plants following biolistic gene transfer.	a very efficient transformation system, using biolistic bombardment, has been developed for the production of transgenic plants of kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.). embryogenic calli, initiated from immature embryos, were transformed either with pact1ihpt-4 containing the hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) gene or with pdm803 containing the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (bar) gene and the beta-glucuronidase (uida) gene. in total 119 independent transgenic plants were recovered from 15 ...	2006	16328388
projections to the preoptic area from the paraventricular nucleus, arcuate nucleus and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis are unlikely to be involved in stress-induced suppression of gnrh secretion in sheep.	stress compromises reproductive function and the major physiological system activated during stress is the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. corticotrophin-releasing hormone and arginine vasopressin (avp), which are produced in neurones of the paraventricular nucleus (pvn), drive the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and are also implicated in the suppression of the reproductive axis. we used retrograde tracing and fos labelling to map the projections from the pvn to the preoptic area (poa) w ...	2006	17047317
physiological and biochemical stress responses in grassland species are influenced by both early-season ozone exposure and interspecific competition.	the effects of two-year early season ozone exposure on physiological and biochemical stress response were investigated in model plant communities. achillea millefolium and veronica chamaedrys target plants were grown in monocultures and in mixed cultures with poa pratensis (phytometer) and exposed in open-top chambers over two years for five weeks to charcoal-filtered (cf) air plus 25 nl l(-1) o3 (control) and non-filtered (nf) air plus 50 nl l(-1) o3. significant o3 effects were detected in dif ...	2006	16321463
changes in alpha-estradiol receptor and progesterone receptor expression in the locus coeruleus and preoptic area throughout the rat estrous cycle.	we have previously shown that the locus coeruleus (lc) is essential for triggering surges of lh. since lc neurons are responsive to estradiol, which induces progesterone receptor (pr) expression, this study aimed to investigate whether lc neurons express the alpha-estradiol receptor (alphaer) and pr as well as comparing such responses to that observed in the preoptic area (poa). female rats were perfused at 10, 14 and 16 h on each day of the estrous cycle, and a blood sample was collected for es ...	2006	16461543
flp-mediated site-specific recombination for genome modification in turfgrass.	to develop molecular strategies for gene containment in genetically modified (gm) turfgrass, we have studied the feasibility of using the flp/frt site-specific dna recombination system from yeast for controlled genome modification in turfgrass. suspension cell cultures of creeping bentgrass (agrostis stolonifera l.) and kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis) were co-transformed with a flp recombinase expression vector and a recombination-reporter test plasmid containing beta-glucuronidase (gusa) gen ...	2006	16912917
putting education into practice for pre-operative patient assessment.	this article provides a background to current practice in pre-operative assessment (poa) and outlines a poa lead nurse role that was successfully introduced in two acute hospital trusts. the education, training and assessment programme that was developed for poa nurses is also discussed. the aim of the programme was to offer an educational framework for nurses at different levels of practice in poa.	2006	16913374
polyarticular osteoarthritis--two major phenotypes hypothesized.	osteoarthritis is the commonest form of arthritis, at least amongst caucasians and is frequently polyarticular. genetic factors are now considered pivotal in the aetiopathogenesis of polyarticular osteoarthritis (poa). this document proposes a nexus between the gene most commonly mutated amongst caucasian peoples, notably the hfe gene and an appreciable subset of poa patients who have a clinically recognisable oa phenotype. it is hypothesised that there are at least 2 major poa phenotypes each o ...	2006	16213101
imaging of aromatase distribution in rat and rhesus monkey brains with [11c]vorozole.	aromatase is an enzyme that converts androgens to estrogens and may play a role in mood and mental status. the aim of this study was to demonstrate that brain aromatase distribution could be evaluated with a novel positron emission tomography (pet) tracer [(11)c]vorozole. vorozole is a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor that reversibly binds to the heme domain of aromatase. in vitro experiments in rat brain, using frozen section autoradiography, illustrated specific binding in the medial amygdala ...	2006	16843834
suitability of various turfgrass species and cultivars for development and survival of black cutworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae).	black cutworm, agrotis ipsilon (hufnagel) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), feeding bioassays were conducted on young and mature turfgrass species to determine their potential resistance. measures of resistance included larval weight, survival rate, instar development, pupal weight, duration of pupation, and days to pupation and adult emergence. black cutworm reared on poa pratensis 'midnight', poa arachnigera 'tejas', and poa pratensis x poa arachnigera 'reveille' exhibited slower development, lower we ...	2006	16813321
neural substrate of cold-seeking behavior in endotoxin shock.	systemic inflammation is a leading cause of hospital death. mild systemic inflammation is accompanied by warmth-seeking behavior (and fever), whereas severe inflammation is associated with cold-seeking behavior (and hypothermia). both behaviors are adaptive. which brain structures mediate which behavior is unknown. the involvement of hypothalamic structures, namely, the preoptic area (poa), paraventricular nucleus (pvh), or dorsomedial nucleus (dmh), in thermoregulatory behaviors associated with ...	2006	17183631
rostral ventromedial periaqueductal gray: a source of inhibition of the sympathetic outflow to brown adipose tissue.	central inhibitory pathways play a significant role in determining the level of sympathetic outflow to the cold defense efferents in mammals. we tested the hypothesis that neurons in the rostral ventromedial periaqueductal gray (rvmpag) are a source of inhibitory regulation of the sympathetic nerve activity (sna) to brown adipose tissue (bat). in urethane/chloralose-anesthetized, paralyzed, artificially ventilated rats, microinjection of pge2 (200 pmol in 70 nl) into the medial preoptic area (po ...	2006	16499889
variability of gnrh secretion in two goby species with socially controlled alternative male mating tactics.	male reproductive phenotypic plasticity related to environmental-social conditions is common among teleost fish. in several species, males adopt different mating tactics depending on their size, monopolizing mates when larger, while parasitizing dominant male spawns when smaller. males performing alternative mating tactics are often characterized by a strong dimorphism in both primary and secondary reproductive traits. according to studies on sex-changing species and on species where only one ma ...	2006	16530763
the preoptic hypothalamus and basal forebrain play opposing roles in the descending modulation of sleep and wakefulness in infant rats.	recent findings in infant rats suggest that the preoptic area (poa) and/or basal forebrain (bf) contribute to developmental changes in sleep and wake organization between postnatal day 2 (p2) and p9. to examine the contributions of these forebrain areas to sleep and wakefulness, separate lesions of the poa or bf, or combined lesions (poa + bf), were performed at p9, and precollicular transections were performed at p2. in addition, modafinil, a drug of unknown mechanism of action the effects of w ...	2006	16553791
the introgression of a functional nuclear gene from poa to festuca ovina.	in sheep's fescue, festuca ovina, genes coding for the cytosolic enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase, pgic, are not only found at the standard locus, pgic1, but also at a segregating second locus, pgic2. we have used pcr-based sequencing to characterize the molecular structure and evolution of five pgic1 and three pgic2 alleles in f. ovina. the three pgic2 alleles were complex in that they carried two gene copies: either two active genes or one active and one pseudogene. all the pgic2 sequences were ...	2006	16615204
an easy and rapid method using microscopy to determine herbicide effects in poaceae weed species.	a new, easy, rapid and relatively inexpensive method using microscopy has been developed for the detection of herbicide effects in leaves of grass weed species displaying no visual signs of damage. the method has potential to be used as a tool to indicate future death of grass species due to herbicide exposure by observing phytochemical effects, i.e. early-warning effects. in the present study, apera spica-venti (l.) beauv., bromus hordeaceus l., alopecurus myosuroides huds., lolium perenne l. a ...	2006	16628541
permanent effects of postnatal administration of beta-adrenergic ligands on the volume of sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (sdn-poa) in rats.	beta-adrenergic ligands have been shown to influence sexual differentiation of the brain. in the present study we document that short postnatal treatment with beta-adrenergic agonists or antagonists may permanently reverse the morphological sex of the brain, as judged by the volume of sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (sdn-poa). female rats treated by beta(2)-adrenergic stimulating ligands exhibit an increased, male type sdn-poa volume while male rats treated by beta1-adrenergic an ...	2006	16648786
[allelopathy of aqueous extract from ligularia virgaurea, a dominant weed in psychro-grassland, on pasture plants].	ligularia virgaurea is a noxious weed widely distributed in the alpine grassland of east qinghai-tibet plateau of china. this paper studied the allelopathy of its aqueous extract on the pasture plants festuca sinensis, bromus magnus, elymus nutans, poa annua, and f. ovina in the region. the mean response index (ri) values of the pasture plants were calculated, and used to quantitatively assess the allelopathic sensitivity of the receptors at three levels, i. e., growth items, development stages, ...	2006	16883813
microbial succession of nitrate-reducing bacteria in the rhizosphere of poa alpina across a glacier foreland in the central alps.	changes in community structure and activity of the dissimilatory nitrate-reducing community were investigated across a glacier foreland in the central alps to gain insight into the successional pattern of this functional group and the driving environmental factors. bulk soil and rhizosphere soil of poa alpina was sampled in five replicates in august during the flowering stage and in september after the first snowfalls along a gradient from 25 to 129 years after deglaciation and at a reference si ...	2006	16913920
fire does not alter vegetation in infertile prairie.	the paradigm in prairie ecology is that fire is one of the key factors determining vegetation composition. fire can impact grassland ecosystems in various ways, including changing plant species composition and inducing nitrogen loss. i found that 17 years of different burning frequencies in infertile grassland had only a minor impact on the vegetation composition and diversity. the only major impact from increasing the frequency of fires was a decrease of poa pratensis abundance. however, other ...	2006	16941181
zinc ions stimulate the cooperative rna binding of hordeiviral gammab protein.	a small regulatory gammab protein of the poa semilatent hordeivirus (pslv) contains two zinc finger-like motifs separated by a basic motif in the n-terminal part and a c-terminal coiled-coil motif. interactions of the recombinant pslv gammab protein and its mutants with various rnas (ssrna, dsrna, ssrna oligonucleotides) and ssdna were studied in gel-shift assays. the results demonstrated that zinc ions are essential for effective nucleic-acid-binding activity of the gammab protein, suggesting t ...	2006	16949581
sex differences and the development of the rabbit brain: effects of vinclozolin.	the preoptic/anterior hypothalamic area (poa/ah) is one of the most sexually dimorphic areas of the vertebrate brain and plays a pivotal role in regulating male sexual behavior. vinclozolin is a fungicide thought to be an environmental antiandrogen, which disrupts masculine sexual behavior when administered to rabbits during development. in this study, we examined several characteristics of the rabbit poa/ah for sexual dimorphism and endocrine disruption by vinclozolin. pregnant rabbits were dos ...	2006	16738224
cardiac baroreflex facilitation evoked by hypothalamus and prefrontal cortex stimulation: role of the nucleus tractus solitarius 5-ht2a receptors.	we previously showed that serotonin (5-ht2) receptor activation in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (nts) produced hypotension, bradycardia, and facilitation of the baroreflex bradycardia. activation of the preoptic area (poa) of the hypothalamus, which is involved in shock-evoked passive behaviors, induces similar modifications. in addition, previous studies showed that blockade of the infralimbic (il) part of the medial prefrontal cortex, which sends projections to poa, produced an inhibi ...	2006	16763082
breeding for disease resistance in the major cool-season turfgrasses.	over the past several decades, breeding cool-season turfgrasses for improved disease resistance has been the focus of many turfgrass breeding programs. this review article discusses the dramatic improvements made in breeding kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis) for resistance to leaf spot (caused by drechslera poae), stem rust (caused by puccinia graminis), and stripe smut (caused by ustilago striiformis); perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) for resistance to gray leaf spot (caused by pyricularia ...	2006	17061916
a minimal region in the ntpase/helicase domain of the tgbp1 plant virus movement protein is responsible for atpase activity and cooperative rna binding.	the tgbp1 protein, encoded in the genomes of a number of plant virus genera as the first gene of the 'triple gene block', possesses an ntpase/helicase domain characterized by seven conserved sequence motifs. it has been shown that the tgbp1 ntpase/helicase domain exhibits ntpase, rna helicase and rna-binding activities. in this paper, we have analysed a series of deletion and point mutants in the tgbp1 proteins encoded by potato virus x (pvx, genus potexvirus) and poa semilatent virus (pslv, gen ...	2006	16963768
[brain sex: just beginning to pave the way].	it has become clear that a sexual brain dimorphism exists between males and females and animal studies have shown specific circuits developing depending on the sex. since the first studies by gorski, in rats, characterizing a sexually dimorphic nucleus in the pre optic area (sdn-poa) it has been accepted that the male sex imprint is done by estradiol, locally converted from testosterone through the action of a local aromatase. the presence of estradiol inhibits the apoptosis of the cells of sdn, ...	2006	16544033
intrauterine proximity to male fetuses affects the morphology of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area in the adult rat brain.	previous studies on polytocous rodents have revealed that the fetal intrauterine position influences its later anatomy, physiology, reproductive performance and behavior. to investigate whether the position of a fetus in the uterus modifies the development of the brain, we examined whether the structure of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (sdn-poa) of rat brains accorded to their intrauterine positions. brain sections of adult rats gestated between two male fetuses (2m) and be ...	2006	16553785
subsurface transport of cd, cr, and mo mediated by biosolid colloids.	the potential of biosolid colloids to transport metals associated with organic-waste amendments through subsurface soil environments was investigated with leaching experiments involving undisturbed soil monoliths. the monoliths (25 cm in height and 18 cm in diameter) were carved from the upper solum of an alfisol, a mollisol, and an entisol in the bluegrass region of kentucky. biosolid colloids were fractionated from two municipal wastes (lime-stabilized/lsb, and aerobically-digested/adb), and a ...	2006	16398992
microinjection of prostaglandin e2 and muscimol into the preoptic area in conscious rats: comparison of effects on plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone (acth), body temperature, locomotor activity, and cardiovascular function.	the preoptic area (poa) is thought to play an important role in thermoregulation and fever. local application of prostaglandin e2 (pge2) to this region elicits increases in core body temperature, heart rate, and plasma levels of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (acth). similar effects on body temperature and heart rate have also been reported after local application of the gabaa receptor agonist muscimol to the preoptic area. the purpose of this study was to assess and compare the effects of microin ...	2006	16406311
opposite effects of daylength and temperature on flowering and summer dormancy of poa bulbosa.	the timing of flowering and summer dormancy induction plays a central role in the adaptation of mediterranean geophytes to changes in the length of the growth season along rainfall gradients. our aim was to analyse the role of the variation in the responses of flowering and summer dormancy to vernalization, daylength and growth temperature for the adaptation of poa bulbosa, a perennial geophytic grass, to increasing aridity.	2006	16467351
rapid effects of aromatase inhibition on male reproductive behaviors in japanese quail.	non-genomic effects of steroid hormones on cell physiology have been reported in the brain. however, relatively little is known about the behavioral significance of these actions. male sexual behavior is activated by testosterone partly through its conversion to estradiol via the enzyme aromatase in the preoptic area (poa). brain aromatase activity (aa) changes rapidly which might in turn be important for the rapid regulation of behavior. here, acute effects of vorozole, an aromatase inhibitor, ...	2006	15963995
microarray profiling of gene expression patterns in adult male rat brain following acute progesterone treatment.	progesterone can influence various behaviors in adult male rats, however, little is known about which particular genes are regulated by progesterone in the male rat brain. using focused microarray technology, we where able to define a subset of genes that are responsive to progesterone. nylon membrane-based cdna microarrays were used to profile gene expression patterns in the preoptic area/mediobasal hypothalamus (poa/mbh) of male rat brain 7 h following a single injection of progesterone. rna w ...	2006	16376865
development of controlled release formulations of carbofuran and evaluation of their efficacy against meloidogyne incognita.	controlled release (cr) formulations of the insecti-nematicide carbofuran have been prepared using commercially available rosin, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium carboxymethylcellulose with clay (bentonite, kaolinite, and fuller's earth). the kinetics of carbofuran release in soil from the different formulations were studied in comparison with that of the commercially available granules (3g). release from the commercial formulation was faster than with the new cr formulations. addition o ...	2006	16787021
rapid neural fos responses to oestradiol in oestrogen receptor alphabeta double knockout mice.	the standard mode of action for oestradiol is via activation of nuclear oestrogen receptors (ers), which initiate dna transcription leading to protein formation. in the present study, we examined the rapid and potentially er-independent action of oestradiol using fos as a marker of neural activity. we assessed fos immunoreactivity (ir) in brains of mice with functional versus nonfunctional ers. fos-ir was compared in brains of control mice that did and did not receive oestradiol treatment prior ...	2006	16454803
endotoxic fever: new concepts of its regulation suggest new approaches to its management.	endotoxic fever is regulated by endogenous factors that provide pro- and anti-pyretic signals at different points along the febrigenic pathway, from the periphery to the brain. current evidence indicates that the febrile response to invading gram-negative bacteria and their products is initiated upon their arrival in the liver via the circulation and their uptake by kupffer cells (kc). these pathogens activate the complement cascade on contact, hence generating complement component 5a. it, in tu ...	2006	16460809
interleukin-1 mediates endothelin-1-induced fever and prostaglandin production in the preoptic area of rats.	the intracerebroventricular injection of endothelin-1 (et-1) induces fever and increases pg levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of rats. likewise, the injection of il-1 into the preoptic area (poa) of the rat hypothalamus causes both fever and increased pg production. in this study, we conducted in vivo and in vitro experiments in the rat to investigate 1) the hypothalamic region involved in et-1-induced fever and pg biosynthesis and 2) whether hypothalamic il-1 plays a role as a mediator of the a ...	2006	16455768
leptin and long form of leptin receptor genes expression in the hypothalamus and pituitary during the luteal phase and early pregnancy in pigs.	leptin is a polypeptide that plays a key role in the regulation of energy homeostasis and is also linked, among others, to mechanisms controlling reproductive processes. data concerning the involvement of leptin in controlling reproductive functions at the level of hypothalamus and pituitary in the pig are limited. therefore, in the present study, an expression of genes coding for leptin and long-form leptin receptor (ob-rb) was determined by a semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase c ...	2006	16601318
steroid hormone mediation of limbic brain plasticity and aggression in free-living tree lizards, urosaurus ornatus.	the neural mechanisms by which steroid hormones regulate aggression are unclear. although testosterone and its metabolites are involved in both the regulation of aggression and the maintenance of neural morphology, it is unknown whether these changes are functionally related. we addressed the hypothesis that parallel changes in steroid levels and brain volumes are involved in the regulation of adult aggression. we examined the relationships between seasonal hormone changes, aggressive behavior, ...	2006	16442108
the role of noradrenaline in the generation of the preovulatory lh surge in the ewe.	increasing plasma estrogen (e) levels during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle trigger the pre-ovulatory surge of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh)/lh. noradrenaline (na)-producing cells of the brain stem are involved in regulating gnrh cells and project to the preoptic area (poa) and bed nucleus of stria terminalis (bnst). input to gnrh cells may be direct or indirect, via relay neurons in the poa/bnst. to investigate this, we ascertained whether an alpha(1)-adrenergic antagonist wo ...	2006	16139986
multiple host-plant use may arise from gender-specific fitness effects.	ovipositing females are predicted to select host-plants that will maximise offspring survival and fitness. yet hosts often differ in the component of larval fitness affected so host-selection often involves a trade-off between short development times and large size and high fecundity of offspring. if host-species can directly affect development rates and body size, and if there are gender differences in resource allocation during development, there can be different sex-specific selection pressur ...	2006	19537967
host preference of the chinch bug, blissus occiduus.	the chinch bug, blissus occiduus barber (hemiptera: blissidae), is an important pest of buffalograss, buchloë dactyloides (nutall) engelmann and potentially other turfgrass, crop, and non-crop hosts. choice studies documented the number of b. occiduus present on selected turfgrasses, crops and weeds, and provided important insights into the host preferences of this chinch bug. grasses with the most chinch bugs present included the warm-season turfgrasses b. dactyloides , zoysiagrass, zoysia japo ...	2006	19537992
socioeconomic distinction, cultural tastes, and cigarette smoking.	objectives: the inverse relationship between socioeconomic status (ses) and smoking is typically seen in terms of the greater economic and social resources of advantaged groups, but it may also relate to cultural resources. this study aims to test theories of symbolic distinction by examining relationships between smoking and ostensibly unrelated cultural preferences. methods: using the 1993 general social survey, ordinal logistic regression models, and a three-category dependent variable (never ...	2006	21874073
multilocus phylogenetic analyses within blumeria graminis, a powdery mildew fungus of cereals.	blumeria graminis, a powdery mildew fungus, is an important plant pathogen that causes serious damage to a variety of cereal crops. in spite of the importance of the pathogen, information on phylogenetic structure within b. graminis is scarce. in this study we conducted phylogenetic analyses of b. graminis based on the dna sequences of four different dna regions (its, 28s rdna, chitin synthase 1, and beta-tubulin). the analyses revealed that the protein-coding regions have higher amounts of phyl ...	2007	17346991
central efferent pathways mediating skin cooling-evoked sympathetic thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue.	control of thermoregulatory effectors by the autonomic nervous system is a critical component of rapid cold-defense responses, which are triggered by thermal information from the skin. however, the central autonomic mechanism driving thermoregulatory effector responses to skin thermal signals remains to be determined. here, we examined the involvement of several autonomic brain regions in sympathetic thermogenic responses in brown adipose tissue (bat) to skin cooling in urethane-chloralose-anest ...	2007	16931649
the effects of long-term grazing exclosures on range plants in the central anatolian region of turkey.	over the last fifty years, almost half of the steppe rangeland in the central anatolian region of turkey (car) has been converted to cropland without an equivalent reduction in grazing animals. this shift has led to heavy grazing pressure on rangeland vegetation. a study was initiated in june 2003 using 6 multiscale modified-whittaker plots to determine differences in plant composition between areas that have not been grazed in 27 years with neighboring grazed plant communities. a total of 113 p ...	2007	17203339
changing leaf litter feedbacks on plant production across contrasting sub-arctic peatland species and growth forms.	plant species and growth forms differ widely in litter chemistry, which affects decay and may have important consequences for plant growth via e.g. the release of nutrients and growth-inhibitory compounds. we investigated the overall short-term (9.5 months) and medium-term (21.5 months) feedback effects of leaf litter quality and quantity on plant production, and tested whether growth forms can be used to generalise differences among litter species. leaf litter effects of 21 sub-arctic vascular ...	2007	17089140
ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus lesions disrupt olfactory mate recognition and receptivity in female ferrets.	previous research showed that ferrets of both sexes rely on the perception of conspecifics' body odors to identify and motivate approach towards opposite-sex mating partners, and exposure to male body odors stimulated fos expression in an olfactory projection circuit of female, but not male, ferrets that terminates in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (vmh). we asked whether the female-typical preference of ferrets to approach male as opposed to female body odors in y-maze tests would be dis ...	2007	17011561
sex difference in mecp2 expression during a critical period of rat brain development.	pervasive developmental disorder is a classification covering five related conditions including the neurodevelopmental disorder rett syndrome (rtt) and autism. of these five conditions, only rtt has a known genetic cause with mutations in methyl-cpg-binding protein 2 (mecp2), a global repressor of gene expression, responsible for the majority of rtt cases. however, recent evidence indicates that reduced mecp2 expression or activity is also found in autism and other disorders with overlapping phe ...	2007	17965589
the final rule for fy 2008 ipps. ms-drgs and poa top list in a year of major change.		2007	18062443
methoxyphenols and levoglucosan ratios in pm2.5 from wheat and kentucky bluegrass stubble burning in eastern washington and northern idaho.	eastern washington is compromised by various pollution sources, of which agricultural burning is a particular burden. smoke from field burning is a nuisance to nearby communities and is a concern for health. this study evaluates levoglucosan (lg) and methoxyphenols (mps) as potential tracers for apportioning field burning smoke. pm2.5 (particulate matter < 2.5 microm m in aerodynamic diameter) samples from wheat and kentucky bluegrass (kbg) stubble smoke were collected from chamber and field bur ...	2007	18075094
neonatal exposure to bisphenol a modifies the abundance of estrogen receptor alpha transcripts with alternative 5'-untranslated regions in the female rat preoptic area.	the xenoestrogen bisphenol a (bpa) is commonly ingested by humans. we examined the effects of neonatal exposure to low versus high doses of bpa over the control of estrogen receptor alpha (eralpha) expression in the preoptic area (poa) of prepubertal female rats. pups received s.c. injections every 48 h of bpa (high dose, 20 mg/kg and low dose, 0.05 mg/kg) or diethylstilbestrol (des, 0.02 mg/kg) from postnatal day (pnd) 1 to pnd7 and were killed at pnd8 or pnd21. relative expression of eralpha t ...	2007	17592034
functional autoantibodies, a new paradigm in autoimmunity?	the recent detection of stimulatory autoantibodies as a characteristic feature of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma), established the presence of such autoantibodies as a characteristic pathophysiologic finding in a second classical autoimmune disease after autoimmune thyroid disease. this observation raises the possibility of a new paradigm in abnormal autoimmune function, the presence of stimulatory (and suppressive), functional autoantibodies as characteristic features of abnormal autoimmune fu ...	2007	17967724
increased serum sialic acid levels in primary osteoarthritis and inactive rheumatoid arthritis.	accumulation of oxidized proteins and impaired antioxidant system have been shown to be associated with arthritis. serum sialic acid (sa) is known as a parameter of inflammation. in the present study, to explore the potential role of sa in arthritis, we measured serum sa levels, plasma protein oxidation, and antioxidant status in patients with primary osteoarthritis (poa) and inactive rheumatoid arthritis (ra). inactive ra (ira) was defined upon the american college of rheumatology criteria for ...	2007	17984621
cms's new poa coding requirements present important payment implications.		2007	17953193
effects of temperature and light on the formation of chloroplast protrusions in leaf mesophyll cells of high alpine plants.	chloroplasts of many alpine plants have the ability to form marked, stroma-filled protrusions that do not contain thylakoids. effects of temperature and light intensity on the frequency of chloroplasts with such protrusions in leaf mesophyll cells of nine different alpine plant species (carex curvula all., leontodon helveticus merat., oxyria digyna (l.) hill., poa alpina l. ssp. vivipara, polygonum viviparum l., ranunculus glacialis l., ranunculus alpestris l., silene acaulis l. and soldanella p ...	2007	17897406
relative contributions of leaf area ratio and net assimilation rate to change in growth rate depend on growth temperature: comparative analysis of subantarctic and alpine grasses.	the present study shows that the relative contributions of leaf area ratio (lar) and net assimilation rate (nar) to variation among species in relative growth rate (rgr) depend on growth temperature. we grew three subantarctic and three alpine poa species at daytime temperatures of 7, 12 and 17 degrees c, and analysed interspecific and temperature-related variation in rgrs by growth analysis. variation in nar accounted for most of the interspecific differences in rgr at low growth temperature, w ...	2007	17587377
mango: a new approach to multiple sequence alignment.	multiple sequence alignment is a classical and challenging task for biological sequence analysis. the problem is np-hard. the full dynamic programming takes too much time. the progressive alignment heuristics adopted by most state of the art multiple sequence alignment programs suffer from the 'once a gap, always a gap' phenomenon. is there a radically new way to do multiple sequence alignment? this paper introduces a novel and orthogonal multiple sequence alignment method, using multiple optimi ...	2007	17951828
microsatellite diversity of the agriculturally important alpine grass poa alpina in relation to land use and natural environment.	the alpine meadow grass poa alpina is common in subalpine and alpine natural sites and agriculturally used land, where it is an important fodder grass. natural factors and human land use are supposed to have been shaping its genetic diversity for hundreds of years. the species comprises sexually and vegetatively reproducing plants. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of agricultural land use, environmental factors and the mode of reproduction on the distribution of its microsate ...	2007	17901059
local adaptation and cogradient selection in the alpine plant, poa hiemata, along a narrow altitudinal gradient.	alpine environments are particularly susceptible to environmental changes associated with global warming but there is potential for alpine plants to adapt to warming if local adaptation occurs and gene flow allows genotypes adapted to low altitudes to colonize higher altitude sites. here we examine the adaptive potential of a common alpine grass, poa hiemata, within the restricted alpine habitat of australian mountains, across a narrow altitudinal gradient replicated in three areas. grasses at h ...	2007	17924954