Publications

influence of different cultivars on populations of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the root environment of rice.	comparisons of the activities and diversities of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (aob) in the root environment of different cultivars of rice (oryza sativa l.) indicated marked differences despite identical environmental conditions during growth. gross nitrification rates obtained by the 15n dilution technique were significantly higher in a modern variety, ir63087-1-17, than in two traditional varieties. phylogenetic analysis based on the ammonium monooxygenase gene (amoa) identified strains related ...	2002	12039768
isolation and characterization of a putative transducer of endoplasmic reticulum stress in oryza sativa.	following endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress that prevents correct folding or assembly of er proteins, at least three responses occur to maintain cell homeostasis: induction of chaperones, attenuation of protein synthesis, and enhancement of lipid synthesis. transducers that transmit er stress to the nucleus have already been identified in yeast and mammals. we report here isolation of a cdna, osire1, from rice encoding a putative homolog of ire1p, a yeast transducer of er stress. osire1 encodes ...	2002	12040100
photochemical properties of the flavin mononucleotide-binding domains of the phototropins from arabidopsis, rice, and chlamydomonas reinhardtii.	phototropins (phot1 and phot2, formerly designated nph1 and npl1) are blue-light receptors that mediate phototropism, blue light-induced chloroplast relocation, and blue light-induced stomatal opening in arabidopsis. phototropins contain two light, oxygen, or voltage (lov) domains at their n termini (lov1 and lov2), each a binding site for the chromophore flavin mononucleotide (fmn). their c termini contain a serine/threonine protein kinase domain. here, we examine the kinetic properties of the ...	2002	12068117
inducibility by pathogen attack and developmental regulation of the rice ltp1 gene.	using a genomic clone encoding a rice lipid transfer protein, ltp1, we analysed the activity of the 5' region of the ltp1 gene in transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) during plant development and under pathogen attack. the -1176/+13, -556/+13 and -284/+13 regions of the promoter were fused upstream from the uida reporter gene and nos 3' polyadenylation signal, resulting in the pdelta1176gus, pdelta556gus and pdelta284gus constructs which were transferred to rice by microprojectile bombardment. hist ...	2002	12081375
stability of rice yellow mottle virus and cellular compartmentalization during the infection process in oryza sativa (l.).	rice yellow mottle virus (rymv) is icosahedral in morphology and known to swell in vitro, but the biological function of swollen particles remains unknown. anion-exchange chromatography was used to identify three markedly stable forms of rymv particles from infected plants: (1) an unstable swollen form lacking ca2+ and dependent upon basic ph; (2) a more stable transitional form lacking ca2+ but dependent upon acidic ph; and (3) a ph-independent, stable, compact form containing ca2+. particle st ...	2002	12083840
[obtaining stem borer-resistant homozygous transgenic lines of minghui 81 harboring novel cry1ac gene via particle bombardment].	a modified cry1ac gene was generated by fusing with lys-asp-glu-lue (kdel), an endoplasmic reticulum retention signal at the 3'-ends, with signal peptide coding sequence of soybean kunitz trypsin inhibitor (skti) at the 5'-ends. vector containing the modified cry1ac gene coding region flanked by the corn ubiquitin 1 promoter and the nopaline synthase gene (nos) terminator with hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) gene as a plant selection marker was constructed. the modified cry1ac gene in which ...	2002	12096630
antioxidant enzymes and dpph-radical scavenging activity in chilled and heat-shocked rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings radicles.	chilling whole rice seedlings at 5 degrees c significantly increased the time needed to recover linear growth and reduced the subsequent linear rate of radicle growth. subjecting nonchilled seedlings to a 45 degrees c heat shock for up to 20 min did not alter subsequent growth, whereas a 3 min heat shock was optimal in reducing growth inhibition caused by 2 days of chilling. the activity of five antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (ec 1.15.1.1), catalase (cat; ec 1.11.1.6), ascorbate perox ...	2002	11804522
functional regions of rice heat shock protein, oshsp16.9, required for conferring thermotolerance in escherichia coli.	rice (oryza sativa) class i low-molecular mass (lmm) heat shock protein (hsp), oshsp16.9, has been shown to be able to confer thermotolerance in escherichia coli. to define the regions for this intriguing property, deletion mutants of this hsp have been constructed and overexpressed in e. coli xl1-blue cells after isopropyl beta-d-thioglactopyranoside induction. the deletion of amino acid residues 30 through 36 (patsdnd) in the n-terminal domain or 73 through 78 (eegnvl) in the consensus ii doma ...	2002	11842169
traditional production, consumption and storage of kunu--a non alcoholic cereal beverage.	a survey of the production, consumption and storage of kunu was carried out. some of the information included consumption rate, processing techniques and equipment, producer's status and grains used. about 73% consume kunu daily, 26% occasionally; 1% know it is produced but may or may not be consuming it. millet (pennisetum typhoideum), sorghum (sorghum vulgare), maize (zea mays), rice (oryza sativa) and acha (digitalis exilis) were used in its production in decreasing order of preference. the g ...	2002	11855622
effects of signaling molecules, protein phosphatase inhibitors and blast pathogen (magnaporthe grisea) on the mrna level of a rice (oryza sativa l.) phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (osphgpx) gene in seedling leaves.	with a specific focus on rice self-defense response(s), the effects of global signaling molecules, jasmonic acid (ja), salicylic acid (sa), abscisic acid (aba), and ethylene (using the ethylene generator, ethephon), and protein phosphatase (pp) inhibitors, cantharidin and endothall on expression of a rice phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (osphgpx) gene in rice seedling leaves were investigated. we provide first evidence for a potent up-regulation of the osphgpx mrna accumulation ...	2002	11867229
spatial distribution of the 26s proteasome in meristematic tissues and primordia of rice (oryza sativa l.).	the 26s proteasome is known to play central roles in the growth of many eukaryotes. however, little is known regarding its distribution in higher plants. here, we report the spatial distribution pattern of rpn3 (a regulatory pa700 subunit) and c2 (a subunit of the 20s proteasome) in rice ( oryza sativa l.) seedlings as determined by in situ hybridization. the transcripts were abundantly co-expressed in the apical and marginal meristems of shoots and roots. interestingly, these transcripts also a ...	2002	11882938
expression of functional recombinant human lysozyme in transgenic rice cell culture.	using particle bombardment-mediated transformation, a codon-optimized synthetic gene for human lysozyme was introduced into the calli of rice (oryza sativa) cultivar taipei 309. the expression levels of recombinant human lysozyme in the transformed rice suspension cell culture approached approximately 4% of total soluble protein. recombinant human lysozyme was purified to greater than 95% homogeneity using a two-step chromatography process. amino acid sequencing verified that the n-terminus of t ...	2002	12113455
the barley mlo modulator of defense and cell death is responsive to biotic and abiotic stress stimuli.	lack of the barley (hordeum vulgare) seven-transmembrane domain mlo protein confers resistance against the fungal pathogen blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (bgh). to broaden the basis for mlo structure/function studies, we sequenced additional mlo resistance alleles, two of which confer only partial resistance. wild-type mlo dampens the cell wall-restricted hydrogen peroxide burst at points of attempted fungal penetration of the epidermal cell wall, and in subtending mesophyll cells, it suppresse ...	2002	12114562
a novel gene organization: intronic snorna gene clusters from oryza sativa.	based on the analysis of structural features and conserved elements, 27 novel snorna genes have been identified from rice. all of them belong to the c/d box-containing snorna family except for one that belongs to the h/aca box type. the newly found genes fall into six clusters that comprise at least three snorna genes, and in one case as many as nine genes. interestingly, four of the six clusters are located within the largest intron of a protein coding gene. the majority of intronic snorna gene ...	2002	12136108
high-level and ubiquitous expression of the rice cytochrome c gene oscc1 and its promoter activity in transgenic plants provides a useful promoter for transgenesis of monocots.	expression patterns of a rice (oryza sativa) cytochrome c gene oscc1 and its promoter activity were characterized in transgenic rice plants. oscc1 transcripts accumulate in most cell types, but to varying levels. large amounts of oscc1 transcripts are found in the roots, calli, and suspension cells, but relatively lower in mature leaves, demonstrating its higher levels of expression in non-photosynthetic tissues. unlike the human cytochrome c gene, which is responsive to camp, oscc1 expression i ...	2002	12177461
identification of a soybean protein that interacts with gaga element dinucleotide repeat dna.	dinucleotide repeat dna with the pattern (ga)(n)/(tc)(n), so-called gaga elements, control gene expression in animals, and are recognized by a specific regulatory protein. here, a yeast one-hybrid screen was used to isolate soybean (glycine max) cdna encoding a gaga-binding protein (gbp) that binds to (ga)(n)/(ct)(n) dna. soybean gbp was dissimilar from the gaga factor of drosophila melanogaster. recombinant gbp protein did not bind to dinucleotide repeat sequences other than (ga)(n)/(ct)(n). gb ...	2002	12177492
two novel mitogen-activated protein signaling components, osmek1 and osmap1, are involved in a moderate low-temperature signaling pathway in rice.	rice (oryza sativa) anther development is easily damaged by moderately low temperatures above 12 degrees c. subtractive screening of cdna that accumulated in 12 degrees c-treated anthers identified a cdna clone, osmek1, encoding a protein with features characteristic of a mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase kinase. the putative osmek1 protein shows 92% identity to the maize (zea mays) mek homolog, zmmek1. osmek1 transcript levels were induced in rice anthers by 12 degrees c treatment for 48 h ...	2002	12177502
characterization of a hkt-type transporter in rice as a general alkali cation transporter.	we report the characterization of rice oshkt1 (oryza sativa ssp. indica) homologous to the wheat k+/na+-symporter hkt1. expression of oshkt1 in the yeast strain cy162 defective in k+-uptake restored growth at mm and micro m concentrations of k+ and mediated hypersensitivity to na+. when expressed in xenopus oocytes, rice oshkt1 showed uptake characteristics of a na+-transporter but mediated transport of other alkali cations as well. oshkt1 expression was analysed in salt-tolerant rice pokkali an ...	2002	12182709
[identification of a snorna47 gene cluster in oryza sativa].	small nucleolar rnas (snornas) are required for ribose 2'-o-methylation of eukaryotic ribosomal rna. by researching in international rice genome databases, a snorna gene cluster, consisting of three box c/d snorna gene candidates, was found on chromosome 6. all of snorna coding sequences in this cluster exhibited the characteristic structure of box c/d antisense snorna. they shared conserved box c and box d motifs, a stable terminal stem formed by a 4-6 nt-long inverted repetition sequence locat ...	2002	12198574
[chromosome mapping of the s-b locus for f1 pollen sterility in cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.) with rapd markers].	s-b is one locus for f1 pollen sterility in cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.), and the genotype of taichung 65 (abridged as t65) is sj/sj, while its isogenic line, tisl2 is si/si at this locus. the results of pollen fertility analysis showed that the pollen of t65 and tisl2 were fertile, but the f1 plant from t65 x tisl2 produced only 40.6% fertile pollens, and the type of sterile pollen was stainable abortive. in f2 population from the cross t65 x tisl2 and bc1f1 population from the cross t65/t ...	2002	12200861
characterization of a novel rice gene osatx and modulation of its expression by components of the stress signalling pathways.	in our search to identify gene(s) involved in the rice self-defense responses, we cloned a novel rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare) gene, osatx, a single copy gene, from the ja treated rice seedling leaves cdna library. this gene encodes a 69 amino acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 7649.7 and a pi of 5.6. osatx was responsive to cutting (wounding by cutting the excised leaf), over its weak constitutive expression in the healthy leaves. the critical signalling molecules, jasm ...	2002	12207666
mlo, a modulator of plant defense and cell death, is a novel calmodulin-binding protein. isolation and characterization of a rice mlo homologue.	transient influx of ca(2+) constitutes an early event in the signaling cascades that trigger plant defense responses. however, the downstream components of defense-associated ca(2+) signaling are largely unknown. because ca(2+) signals are mediated by ca(2+)-binding proteins, including calmodulin (cam), identification and characterization of cam-binding proteins elicited by pathogens should provide insights into the mechanism by which ca(2+) regulates defense responses. in this study, we isolate ...	2002	11904292
catalytic properties of rice alpha-oxygenase. a comparison with mammalian prostaglandin h synthases.	long-chain fatty acids can be metabolized to c(n)(-1) aldehydes by alpha-oxidation in plants. the reaction mechanism of the enzyme has not been elucidated. in this study, a complete nucleotide sequence of fatty acid alpha-oxygenase gene in rice plants (oryza sativa) was isolated. the deduced amino acid sequence showed some similarity with those of mammalian prostaglandin h synthases (pghss). the gene was expressed in escherichia coli and purified to apparently homogeneous state. it showed the hi ...	2002	11909851
effects of elevated atmospheric co2 on nematode trophic groups in a chinese paddy-field ecosystem.	soil fauna plays significant roles in the detritus food webs of agroecosystems, they are the essential contributors to the decomposition of soil organic matter, mineralization of plant nutrients and nutrient cycling. some evidences indicate that soil fauna of the detritus food webs appears to show positive, neutral or negative responses to global change, especially atmospheric co2 enrichment across different studies. soil nematodes are representative of a large portion of this fauna, since they ...	2002	12557673
alpha-galactosidase from cultured rice (oryza sativa l. var. nipponbare) cells.	the alpha-galactosidase from rice cell suspension cultures was purified to homogeneity by different techniques including affinity chromatography using n-epsilon-aminocaproyl-alpha-d-galactopyranosylamine as the ligand. from 11 l of culture filtrate, 28.7 mg of purified enzyme was obtained with an overall yield of 51.9%. the cdna coding for the alpha-galactosidase was cloned and sequenced. the enzyme was found to contain 417 amino acid residues composed of a 55 amino acid signal sequence and 362 ...	2002	12423882
evolutionary relationships among rice species with aa genome based on sine insertion analysis.	previous studies based on morphological and molecular markers indicated that there are two cultivated and five wild rice species within the oryza genus with the aa genome. in the cultivated rice species, oryza sativa, a retroposon named p-sine1 has been identified. some of the p-sine1 members characterized previously showed interspecific insertion polymorphisms in the species with the aa genome. in this study, we identified new p-sine1 members showing interspecific insertion polymorphisms from r ...	2002	12441643
molecular characterization of a salt-tolerant bacterial community in the rice rhizosphere.	the diversity of salt-tolerant bacteria present in the rhizosphere of oryza sativa was investigated. fourteen bacterial strains, isolated after enrichment in nitrogen-free, semi-solid medium and showing tolerance to 3% nacl, were analyzed by restriction patterns produced by amplified dna coding for 16s rdna (ardra) with enzymes sau3ai, alui and rsai which showed that they were represented by 4 ardra types. biodiversity among the 14 strains was also analyzed by the random amplified polymorphic dn ...	2002	12455705
search for and analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in rice (oryza sativa, oryza rufipogon) and establishment of snp markers.	we searched for snps in 417 regions distributed throughout the genome of three oryza sativa ssp. japonica cultivars, two indica cultivars, and a wild rice (o. rufipogon). we found 2800 snps in approximately 250,000 aligned bases for an average of one snp every 89 bp, or one snp every 232 bp between two randomly selected strains. graphic representation of the frequency of snps along each chromosome showed uneven distribution of polymorphism-rich and -poor regions, but little obvious association w ...	2002	12465716
rice phosphate transporters include an evolutionarily divergent gene specifically activated in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.	using a genome-wide approach, we asked how many transporter genes contribute to symbiotic phosphate uptake and analyzed their evolutionary conservation. considering the sequenced rice genome at hand, only the oryza sativa phosphate transporter (ospt) gene ospt11 was specifically induced during the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. this induction was confined to the root system and was tightly correlated with the degree of root colonization by glomus intraradices. ospt11 activation was independen ...	2002	12271140
purification and characterization of beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase from rice seeds.	n-acetyl-beta-d-hexosaminidase (beta-hexnac'ase) (ec 3.2.1.52) was purified from rice seeds (oryza sativa l. var. dongjin) using ammonium sulfate (80%) precipitation, sephadex g-150, cm-sephadex, and deae-sephadex chromatography, sequentially. the activities were separated into 7 fractions (fsub1;- f7sub7) by cm-sephadex chromatography. among them, f6 was further purified to homogeneity with a 13.0% yield and 123.3 purification-fold. the molecular mass was estimated to be about 52 kda on sds-pag ...	2002	12297015
evaluation of proteome reference maps for cross-species identification of proteins by peptide mass fingerprinting.	we tested whether proteome reference maps established for one species can be used for cross-species protein identification by comparing two-dimensional protein gel patterns and protein identification data of two closely related bacterial strains and four plant species. first, proteome profiles of two strains of the fully sequenced bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti were compared as an example of close relatedness, high reproducibility and sequence availability. secondly, the proteome profiles of t ...	2002	12362347
inventory and functional characterization of the hak potassium transporters of rice.	plants take up large amounts of k(+) from the soil solution and distribute it to the cells of all organs, where it fulfills important physiological functions. transport of k(+) from the soil solution to its final destination is mediated by channels and transporters. to better understand k(+) movements in plants, we intended to characterize the function of the large kt-hak-kup family of transporters in rice (oryza sativa cv nipponbare). by searching in databases and cdna cloning, we have identifi ...	2002	12376644
[anther culture generated stem borer-resistance dh lines of minghui 81(oryza sativa l. subsp. indica) expressing modified cry1ac gene].	2600 anthers from t0 modified cry1 ac-transgenic rice lines of minghui 81, an elite restoring line of commercial cms indica hybrid rice, were cultured on sk3 media. 83 green plantlets were recovered, 43 double haploid (dh) and 40 haploid among them. results of pcr analyzes indicated that 55 plants of 83 were harbored the cry1ac gene, and the ratio of cry1ac-positive against cry1ac-negative was 2:1 (55/28). 36 putative transgenic dh plants were further confirmed by southern blot. elisa detection ...	2002	12385240
[in silico cloning of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase cdna from rice (oryza sativa l.)].	in silico cloning was a new strategy of gene cloning developed with the development of genome, est projects and bioinformatics. using wheat glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase cdna (clone: tagpdl) sequence as a querying probe, one highly homologous bac clone sequence was obtained from rice sequence database of genbank and the putative cdna sequence of rice glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was assembled according to the wheat clone. furthermore, the full-length cdna of rice glucose-6-phosphate deh ...	2002	12645266
molecular cloning, characterization, expression and chromosomal location of osgapdh, a submergence responsive gene in rice ( oryza sativa l.).	differential clones from submergence stress and control treatment from rice seedlings were isolated by the differential screening method. one of the clones, osgapdh, represented a gene that was expressed at high level during 12-h submergence. a homology search of genbank databases showed that osgapdh had significant sequence homology with maize non-reversible glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. the osgapdh sequence consists of 1,772 bp with the longest open reading frame encoding 499 amino ...	2002	12582559
genetic differentiation for nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes in common wild rice ( oryza rufipogon griff.) and cultivated rice ( oryza sativa l.).	the genetic differentiation of nuclear, mitochondrial (mt) and chloroplast (cp) genomes was investigated by southern and pcr analysis using 75 varieties of cultivated rice ( oryza sativa l.) and 118 strains of common wild rice (cwr, oryza rufipogon griff.) from ten countries of asia. the distinguishing differences between the indica and japonica cultivars were detected both in the nuclear genome and the cytoplasmic genome, confirming that the indica-japonica differentiation is of major importanc ...	2002	12582589
genetic differentiation of wild relatives of rice as assessed by rflp analysis.	to study genetic diversity and relationships of wild relatives of rice, 58 accessions of oryza rufipogon, oryza nivara, oryza sativa f. spontanea and the cultivated oryza sativa, representing a wide range of their distribution, were analyzed using the restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) technique. all 30-used rflp probes detected polymorphisms among the oryza accessions, with an average of 3.8 polymorphic fragments per probe. considerable genetic diversity was scored among the oryza ...	2002	12582876
overexpression of the wasabi defensin gene confers enhanced resistance to blast fungus ( magnaporthe grisea) in transgenic rice.	transgenic rice ( oryza sativa cv. sasanishiki) overexpressing the wasabi defensin gene, a plant defensin effective against the rice blast fungus, was generated by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. twenty-two t2 homozygous lines harboring the wasabi defensin gene were challenged by the blast fungus. transformants exhibited resistance to rice blast at various levels. the inheritance of the resistance over generations was investigated. t3 plants derived from two highly blast-resis ...	2002	12582903
genetic dissection of seed shattering, agronomic, and color traits in american wildrice ( zizania palustris var. interior l.) with a comparative map.	a comparative map of american wildrice ( zizania palustris var. interior l.) was used to identify loci controlling seed shattering, plant height, maturity, tiller number, plant habit, panicle length seed length, and color traits. two to six significant quantitative-trait-loci (qtls, p < 0.05) were detected for each trait evaluated, representing the first trait-mapping in wildrice. the chosen population was designed to emphasize the mapping of loci controlling the shattering trait, which is the m ...	2002	12582936
the defense-responsive genes showing enhanced and repressed expression after pathogen infection in rice (oryza sativa l.).	despite large numbers of studies about defense response, processes involved in the resistance of plants to incompatible pathogens are still largely uncharacterized. the objective of this study was to identify genes involved in defense response by cdna array analysis and to gain knowledge about the functions of the genes involved in defense response. approximately 20000 rice cdna clones were arrayed on nylon filters. rna samples isolated from different rice lines after infection with incompatible ...	2002	18759033
upstream - news in genomics.	in recent months a bumper crop of genomes has been completed, including the fission yeast (schizosaccharomyces pombe) and rice (oryza sativa). two large-scale studies of saccharomyces cerevisiae protein complexes provided a picture of the eukaryotic proteome as a network of complexes. amongst the other stories of interest was a demonstration that proteomic analysis of blood samples can be used to detect ovarian cancer, perhaps even as early as stage i.	2002	18628853
using glimmerm to find genes in eukaryotic genomes.	glimmerm is a eukaryotic gene finder that has been used in the annotation of the genomes of plasmodium falciparum (the malaria parasite), the model plant arabidopsis thaliana, oryza sativa (rice), the parasite theileria parva, and the fungus aspergillus fumigatus. a unique feature of the system compared to other eukaryotic gene finders is a module that allows users to provide their own data and train glimmerm for any organism.	2002	18792941
t-dna insertional mutagenesis for activation tagging in rice.	we have developed a new t-dna vector, pga2715, which can be used for promoter trapping and activation tagging of rice (oryza sativa) genes. the binary vector contains the promoterless beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene next to the right border. in addition, the multimerized transcriptional enhancers from the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter are located next to the left border. a total of 13,450 t-dna insertional lines have been generated using pga2715. histochemical gus assays have reve ...	2002	12481047
the procambium specification gene oshox1 promotes polar auxin transport capacity and reduces its sensitivity toward inhibition.	the auxin-inducible homeobox gene oshox1 of rice (oryza sativa) is a positive regulator of procambial cell fate commitment, and its overexpression reduces the sensitivity of polar auxin transport (pat) to the pat inhibitor 1-n-naphthylphthalamic acid (npa). here, we show that wild-type rice leaves formed under conditions of pat inhibition display vein hypertrophy, reduced distance between longitudinal veins, and increased distance between transverse veins, providing experimental evidence for a r ...	2002	12428000
a multilocus gene genealogy concordant with host preference indicates segregation of a new species, magnaporthe oryzae, from m. grisea.	magnaporthe oryzae is described as a new species distinct from m. grisea. gene trees were inferred for magnaporthe species using portions of three genes: actin, beta-tubulin, and calmodulin. these gene trees were found to be concordant and distinguished two distinct clades within m. grisea. one clade is associated with the grass genus digitaria and is therefore nomenclaturally tied to m. grisea. the other clade is associated with oryza sativa and other cultivated grasses and is described as a ne ...	2002	21156541
generation and analysis of end sequence database for t-dna tagging lines in rice.	we analyzed 6749 lines tagged by the gene trap vector pga2707. this resulted in the isolation of 3793 genomic sequences flanking the t-dna. among the insertions, 1846 t-dnas were integrated into genic regions, and 1864 were located in intergenic regions. frequencies were also higher at the beginning and end of the coding regions and upstream near the atg start codon. the overall gc content at the insertion sites was close to that measured from the entire rice (oryza sativa) genome. functional cl ...	2003	14630961
functional analysis and intracellular localization of rice cryptochromes.	blue-light-receptor cryptochrome (cry), which mediates cotyledon expansion, increased accumulation of anthocyanin, and inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, was first identified in arabidopsis. two arabidopsis cryptochromes (atcry1 and atcry2) have been reported to be localized to the nucleus. however, there is no information on the cryptochromes in monocotyledons. in this study, we isolated two cryptochrome cdnas, oscry1 and oscry2, from rice (oryza sativa) plants. the deduced amino acid sequence ...	2003	14657402
whole-genome comparison of leucine-rich repeat extensins in arabidopsis and rice. a conserved family of cell wall proteins form a vegetative and a reproductive clade.	we have searched the arabidopsis and rice (oryza sativa) genomes for homologs of lrx1, an arabidopsis gene encoding a novel type of cell wall protein containing a leucine-rich repeat (lrr) and an extensin domain. eleven and eight lrx (lrr/extensin) genes have been identified in these two plant species, respectively. the lrx gene family encodes proteins characterized by a short n-terminal domain, a domain with 10 lrrs, a cysteine-rich motif, and a variable c-terminal extensin-like domain. phyloge ...	2003	12644681
a gene for a class ii dna photolyase from oryza sativa: cloning of the cdna by dilution-amplification.	ultraviolet radiation induces the formation of two classes of photoproducts in dna-the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (cpd) and the pyrimidine [6-4] pyrimidone photoproduct (6-4 product). many organisms produce enzymes, termed photolyases, which specifically bind to these lesions and split them via a uv-a/blue light-dependent mechanism, thereby reversing the damage. these photolyases are specific for either cpds or 6-4 products. two classes of photolyases (class i and class ii) repair cpds. a gene ...	2003	12764611
linkage mapping of hsa-1(og), a resistance gene of african rice to the cyst nematode, heterodera sacchari.	inheritance of resistance to cyst nematode (heterodera sacchari) in oryza sativa was investigated by inoculation tests with isolate 244 from congo in segregating populations derived from hybridisation between o. sativa and its african sister cultivated species, o. glaberrima. we found that the resistance was controlled by one major gene, hsa-1(og), with codominance of susceptible and resistant alleles. to map hsa-1(og) on the rice genome, we pooled the data obtained from segregation of the resis ...	2003	12721640
putative functions of nucleoside diphosphate kinase in plants and fungi.	the putative functions of ndp (nucleoside diaphosphate) kinases from various organisms focusing to fungi and plants are described. the biochemical reactions catalyzed by ndp kinase are as follows. (i) phosphotransferring activity from mainly atp to cognate ndps generating nucleoside triphosphates (ntps). (ii) autophosphorylation activity from atp and gtp. (iii) protein kinase (phosphotransferring) activity phosphorylating such as myelin basic protein. ndp kinase could function to provide ntps as ...	2003	12848342
effect of fermentation on the nutrient and antinutrient composition of baobab (adansonia digitata) seeds and rice (oryza sativa) grains.	this study is part of an ongoing investigation on the effect of fermentation on chemical and antinutrient compositions of baobab seeds and rice grains. baobab seeds and rice grains were cleaned and fermented for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, by the microflora present in both the seed and the grains. the ph and titratable acidity of the unfermented and fermented samples were determined. the samples were dried and milled into fine flours respectively. standard assay techniques were used to evalu ...	2003	22260173
inheritance of resistance to bacterial blight in 21 cultivars of rice.	abstract genetic analysis for resistance to bacterial blight (xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) of 21 rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivars was carried out. these cultivars were divided into two groups based on their reactions to philippine races of bacterial blight. cultivars of group 1 were resistant to race 1 and those of group 2 were susceptible to race 1 but resistant to race 2. all the cultivars were crossed with tn1, which is susceptible to all the philippine races of x. oryzae pv. oryzae. f(1) a ...	2003	18943128
expression of a bifunctional fusion of the escherichia coli genes for trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase in transgenic rice plants increases trehalose accumulation and abiotic stress tolerance without stunting growth.	trehalose plays an important role in stress tolerance in plants. trehalose-producing, transgenic rice (oryza sativa) plants were generated by the introduction of a gene encoding a bifunctional fusion (tpsp) of the trehalose-6-phosphate (t-6-p) synthase (tps) and t-6-p phosphatase (tpp) of escherichia coli, under the control of the maize (zea mays) ubiquitin promoter (ubi1). the high catalytic efficiency (seo et al., 2000) of the fusion enzyme and the single-gene engineering strategy make this an ...	2003	12586876
methane and nitrous oxide emissions from an irrigated rice of north india.	upland rice was grown in the kharif season (june-september) under irrigated condition in new delhi, india (28 degree 40'n and 77 degree 12'e) to monitor ch4 and n2o emission, as influenced by fertilizer urea, ammonium sulphate and potassium nitrate alone (at 120 kg ha-1) and mixed with dicyandiamide (dcd), added at 10% of applied n. the experimental soil was a typic ustochrept (inceptisol), clay loam, in which rice (oryza sativa l., var. pusa-169, duration: 120-125 days) was grown and ch4 and n2 ...	2003	12591251
characterization of transgenic rice plants over-expressing the stress-inducible beta-glucanase gene gns1.	the gns1 gene of rice (oryza sativa l. japonica) encodes 1,3;1,4-beta glucanase (ec 3.2.1.73), which hydrolyzes 1,3;1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages on 1,3;1,4-beta-glucan, an important component of cell walls in the poaceae family. rna and protein gel blot analyses demonstrated that blast disease or dark treatment induced the expression of the gns1 gene. to assess the function of the gns1 gene in disease resistance, we characterized transgenic rice plants constitutively expressing the gns1 gene. th ...	2003	12602898
the promoter of a rice glycine-rich protein gene, osgrp-2, confers vascular-specific expression in transgenic plants.	the genomic sequence of a rice (oryza sativa l.) glycine-rich protein (grp) gene, designated osgrp-2, has been previously determined (genbank u40708). primer extension analysis indicated that transcription starts 47 bp upstream of the translation start codon. to gain an insight into the transcriptional regulation of this gene, the 2,401-bp promoter sequence and a series of its 5' deletions were transcriptionally fused to the beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene. gus activity was subsequently assayed in ...	2003	12624770
chronopathological aspects of disease incidence in rice (oryza sativa l.).	rice seedlings maintained under uncontrolled glasshouse conditions were inoculated with conidial suspensions of a fungal pathogen, helminthosporium oryzae, at various times during the 24h. significant increase in the percent germination and germ tube length of conidia were observed in the rice samples inoculated at 02:00 and 06:00h. the 24 h temporal variation in leaf temperature was positively correlated with variation in stomatal movements. the results indicate a 24 h rhythm in the behavior of ...	2003	12638692
influence and persistence of phorate and carbofuran insecticides on microorganisms in rice field.	an experiment was conducted in microplots (4 m x 4 m) with two insecticides, phorate and carbofuran at rates of 1.5 and 1.0 kga.i.ha(-1) respectively, to investigate its effect on the population and distribution of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi as well as the persistence of the insecticidal residues in rhizosphere soils of rice (oryza sativa l., variety ir-50). application of the insecticides stimulated the population of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in the rhizosphere soils, and the sti ...	2003	14505726
plant-specific regulation of replication protein a2 (osrpa2) from rice during the cell cycle and in response to ultraviolet light exposure.	dna replication is a process that is highly conserved among eukaryotes. nonetheless, little is known about the proteins involved in it in plants. replication protein a (rpa) is a heterotrimeric, single-stranded dna-binding protein with several functions in dna metabolism in humans and yeast and supposedly also in plants. here we report on the regulation of osrpa2, the 32-kda subunit of rpa from rice ( oryza sativa l.). we found conserved regulation mechanisms at the level of gene expression betw ...	2003	14520573
a polycomb group gene of rice (oryza sativa l. subspecies indica), osiez1, codes for a nuclear-localized protein expressed preferentially in young seedlings and during reproductive development.	the set domains are conserved amino acid sequences present in chromosomal proteins that contribute to the epigenetic control of gene expression by altering regional organization of the chromatin structure. the set domain proteins are divided into four subgroups as categorized by their drosophila members; enhancer of zeste (e(z)), trithorax (trx), absent small or homeotic 1 (ash1) and supressor of variegation (su(var)3-9). homologs of all four classes have been characterized in yeast, mammals and ...	2003	14527713
functional characterization of two flap endonuclease-1 homologues in rice.	flap endonuclease-1 (fen-1) is an important enzyme involved in dna replication and repair. previously, we isolated and characterized a complementary dna (cdna) from rice (oryza sativa) encoding a protein which shows homology with the eukaryotic flap endonuclease-1 (fen-1). in this report, we found that rice (o. sativa l. cv. nipponbare) possessed two fen-1 homologues designated as osfen-1a and osfen-1b. the osfen-1a and osfen-1b genes were mapped to chromosome 5 and 3, respectively. both genes c ...	2003	14527718
analysis of the transcriptional response to rice yellow mottle virus infection in oryza sativa indica and japonica cultivars.	several cdna libraries were constructed using mrna isolated from roots, panicles, cell suspensions and leaves of non-stressed oryza sativa indica (ir64) and japonica (azucena) plants, from wounded leaves, and from leaves of both cultivars inoculated with rice yellow mottle virus (rymv). a total of 5549 cleaned expressed sequence tags (ests) were generated from these libraries. they were classified into functional categories on the basis of homology, and analyzed for redundancy within each librar ...	2003	14564505
effect of fly ash, organic wastes and chemical fertilizers on yield, nutrient uptake, heavy metal content and residual fertility in a rice-mustard cropping sequence under acid lateritic soils.	a field experiment was conducted for two years in sandy loam acid lateritic soil to study the direct effect of fly ash, organic wastes and chemical fertilizers on rice (oryza sativa) and their residual effect on mustard (brassica napus var glauca) grown in sequence. rice yields were higher when fly ash, organic wastes and chemical fertilizers were used in an integrated manner as compared to sole application of chemical fertilizers. yields of mustard were also higher under the residual effect of ...	2003	14575950
isolation and characterization of a novel rice ca2+-regulated protein kinase gene involved in responses to diverse signals including cold, light, cytokinins, sugars and salts.	we have isolated a cold-inducible gene (designated osck1) from oryza sativa by a differential cdna screening technique. sequence analysis indicated that the open reading frame of the osck1 gene consists of 1350 bp encoding 449 amino acid residues, which is very similar to a family of calcineurin b-like protein (cbl)-interacting protein kinases (cipks) or salt overly sensitive 2 (sos2)-like protein kinases (pks) in arabidopsis. cipks/pks are a group of ser/thr protein kinases associated with the ...	2003	14682618
importance of ascorbate peroxidases osapx1 and osapx2 in the rice pathogen response pathways and growth and reproduction revealed by their transcriptional profiling.	we have identified and characterized two rice ascorbate peroxidase (osapx1 and osapx2) genes against diverse signals known to involve in defense/stress responses, using "2-week-old rice seedling in vitro model system". oryza sativa ascorbate peroxidase 1 and 2 (osapx1/2) share 83% similarity to each other at amino acid level and belong to a small gene family in the rice genome. osapx1/2 show a weak constitutive expression in leaves. their transcripts were up-regulated upon wounding (by cut), and ...	2003	14644501
evolutionarily conserved cytoprotection provided by bax inhibitor-1 homologs from animals, plants, and yeast.	programmed cell death (pcd) plays important roles in the development and physiology of both animals and plants, but it is unclear whether similar mechanisms are employed. bax inhibitor-1 (bi-1) is an intracellular multi-membrane-spanning protein and cell death inhibitor, originally identified by a function-based screen for mammalian cdnas capable of suppressing cell death in yeast engineered to ectopically express the pro-apoptotic protein bax. using this yeast assay, we screened expression libr ...	2003	14659883
proteome analysis of hairy root from panax ginseng c.a. meyer using peptide fingerprinting, internal sequencing and expressed sequence tag data.	as an initial step to the comprehensive proteomic analysis of panax ginseng c. a. meyer, protein mixtures extracted from the cultured hairy root of panax ginseng were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-de). the protein spots were analyzed and identified by peptide finger printing and internal amino acid sequencing by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) and electrospray ionization quadrupole-time of flight mas ...	2003	14673788
biogeochemistry of fluoride in a plant-solution system.	fluoride (f-) pollutants can harm plants and the animals feeding on them. however, it is largely unknown how complexing and chelating agents affect f bioavailability. two studies were conducted that measured f- bioavailability and uptake by rice (oryza sativa l.). in the first study, rice was grown in solution culture (ph 5.0) with 0, 2, or 4 mm f- as kf to compare the interaction of f- with humic acid (ha) and with a conventional chelating agent, n-hydroxyethylenthylenediaminetriacetic acid (he ...	2003	14674546
joint effects of elevated levels of ultraviolet-b radiation, carbon dioxide and ozone on plants.	there is growing interest regarding the joint effects of elevated levels of surface ultraviolet b (uv-b) radiation, carbon dioxide (co2) and ozone (o3) on plants. our current knowledge of this subject is too limited to draw any specific conclusions, although one might state that such effects are likely to be highly species dependent and may be more than additive, additive or less than additive. there are a number of uncertainties associated with the experimental protocols used and the conclusion ...	2003	14743861
transgenic expression of trypsin inhibitor cme from barley in indica and japonica rice, confers resistance to the rice weevil sitophilus oryzae.	indica and japonica rice (oryza sativa l.) plants were transformed by particle bombardment with the itr1 gene encoding the barley trypsin inhibitor bti-cme, under the control of its own promoter that confers endosperm specificity, and the maize ubiquitin promoter. from 38 independent transgenic lines of indica (breeding line ir58) and 15 of the japonica (cv senia) selected, 22 and 11, respectively, expressed the barley inhibitor at detectable levels. the transgene was correctly translated as ind ...	2003	12650522
highly efficient production and characterization of t-dna plants for rice ( oryza sativa l.) functional genomics.	we investigated the potential of an improved agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation procedure of japonica rice ( oryza sativa l.) for generating large numbers of t-dna plants that are required for functional analysis of this model genome. using a t-dna construct bearing the hygromycin resistance ( hpt), green fluorescent protein ( gfp) and beta-glucuronidase ( gusa) genes, each individually driven by a camv 35s promoter, we established a highly efficient seed-embryo callus transformat ...	2003	12677401
high resolution genetic mapping and candidate gene identification at the xa5 locus for bacterial blight resistance in rice ( oryza sativa l.).	the xa5 resistance gene from rice provides recessive, race-specific resistance to bacterial blight of rice caused by the pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae. a high-resolution genetic map of the chromosomal region surrounding xa5 was developed by placing 44 dna markers on the distal end of rice chromosome 5. the basis for mapping was a pcr-based screening of 1,016 f(2) individuals derived from a cross between a near-isogenic line (nil) and its corresponding recurrent parent to identify recombi ...	2003	12677405
heat-tolerant basmati rice engineered by over-expression of hsp101.	rice is sensitive to high-temperature stress at almost all the stages of its growth and development. considering the crucial role of heat shock protein 101 (hsp 101) in imparting thermotolerance to cells, we introduced arabidopsis thaliana hsp101 (athsp101) cdna into the pusa basmati 1 cultivar of rice (oryza sativa l.) by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. stable integration and expression of the transgene into the rice genome was demonstrated by southern, northern and western blot analyses ...	2003	12678556
fine genetic mapping of a gene required for rice yellow mottle virus cell-to-cell movement.	the very high resistance to rice yellow mottle virus observed in the two rice varieties gigante ( oryza sativa) and tog 5681 ( o. glaberrima) is monogenic and recessive. bulked segregant analysis was carried out to identify aflp markers linked to the resistance gene. mapping of pcr-specific markers, caps and microsatellite markers on 429 individuals of an ir64 x gigante f(2) population pinpointed this resistance gene on the long arm of chromosome 4 in a 3.7-cm interval spanned by pcr markers. th ...	2003	12679871
"chitin-specific" peroxidases in plants.	the activity of various plant peroxidases and the ability of their individual isoforms to bind chitin was studied. some increase in peroxidase activity was observed in crude extracts in the presence of chitin. activated peroxidases of some species fell in the fraction not sorbed on chitin and those of other species can bind chitin. only anionic isoperoxidases from oat (avena sativa), rice (oryza sativa), horseradish (armoracia rusticana), garden radish (raphanus sativus var. radicula), peanut (a ...	2003	12693984
digestion rate of legume carbohydrates and glycemic index of legume-based meals.	a study was performed to examine the rate of digestion of available carbohydrate in legumes and its mixtures with cereals, prepared as commonly eaten. the legumes and cereals studied were lentil (lens sculenta), pea (pisum sativum), bean (phaseolus vulgaris, var tortola), rice (oryza sativa) and spaghetti. foods were purchased at the city market. total starch content and the carbohydrate digestion rates were determined using the enzymatic method proposed by englyst et al. total starch levels ran ...	2003	12701368
rice uv-damaged dna binding protein homologues are most abundant in proliferating tissues.	ultraviolet-damaged dna binding protein (uv-ddb) is an important factor involved in dna repair. to study the role of uv-ddb, we attempted to obtain the cdna and the protein of a plant uv-ddb. we succeeded in isolating both genes for uv-ddb subunits from rice (oryza sativa cv. nipponbare), designated as osuv-ddb1 and osuv-ddb2. osuv-ddb2 (65 kda) was much larger than human uv-ddb2, but immunoprecipitation and gel mobility shift assay suggested that osuv-ddb2 is a plant counterpart of uv-ddb2. the ...	2003	12711392
characterization of rice functional monosaccharide transporter, osmst5.	cdna of a monosaccharide transporter in rice, osmst5 (oryza sativa monosaccharide transporter 5) was cloned and its sugar transport activity was characterized by heterologous expression analysis. the amino acid sequence and topology were similar to the sequences and topology of other plant monosaccharide transporters. yeast cells co-expressed with osmst5 cdna transported some monosaccharide substrates. the transport rate increased when ethanol as an electron donor was added, so the transporter w ...	2003	12723603
novel gene encoding a ca2+-binding protein and under hexokinase-dependent sugar regulation.	a cdna encoding a predicted 15-kda protein was earlier isolated from sugar-induced genes in rice embryos (oryza sativa l.) by cdna microarray analysis. here we report that this cdna encodes a novel ca2+-binding protein, named ossur1 (for oryza sativa sugar-up-regulated-1). the recombinant ossur1 protein expressed in escherichia coli had 45ca2+-binding activity. northern analysis showed that the ossur1 gene was expressed mainly in the internodes of mature plants and in embryos at an early stage o ...	2003	12728997
the high diversity of snornas in plants: identification and comparative study of 120 snorna genes from oryza sativa.	using a powerful computer-assisted analysis strategy, a large-scale search of small nucleolar rna (snorna) genes in the recently released draft sequence of the rice genome was carried out. this analysis identified 120 different box c/d snorna genes with a total of 346 gene variants, which were predicted to guide 135 2'-o-ribose methylation sites in rice rrnas. though not exhaustive, this analysis has revealed that rice has the highest number of known box c/d snornas among eukaryotes. interesting ...	2003	12736310
cdna cloning of a rab5 homologue in babesia gibsoni.	for studying protein trafficking in babesia-infected erythrocyte, we describe the cloning of a rab5, one of molecular marker for vesicle trafficking in eukaryotic cells, gene homologue in babesia gibsoni (bgrab5). the full-length cdna of bgrab5 is 1,020 bp long with an open reading frame encoding a protein of 220 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence of bgrab5 contained the highly conserved gtp-binding consensus sequence and shares about 40% homology with that of rab5 from plasmodium falc ...	2003	12736436
expression of novel rice gibberellin 2-oxidase gene is under homeostatic regulation by biologically active gibberellins.	we have cloned two genes for gibberellin (ga) 2-oxidase from rice ( oryza sativa l.). expression of osga2ox2 was not observed. the other gene, osga2ox3, was expressed in every tissue examined and was enhanced by the application of biologically active ga. recombinant osga2ox3 protein catalyzed the metabolism of ga(1) to ga(8) and ga(20) to ga(29)-catabolite. these results indicate that osga2ox3 is involved in the homeostatic regulation of the endogenous level of biologically active ga in rice.	2003	12736788
isolation and functional characterization of the c-terminus of rice phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase in vitro.	a partial rice (oryza sativa l.) cdna clone, ospi4k1c, was isolated through screening of a cdna library constructed from tillering materials. ospi4k1c encoded a peptide of 608 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 68.4 kda. the ospi4k1c peptide shared high homology and possessed the highly conserved domains present in most isolated cloned pi4-kinases, i.e. a lipid kinase unique (lku) domain and a catalytic (cat) domain. a region with similarity to pleckstrin homology (ph) domain was pr ...	2003	12737521
cloning and prokaryotic expression of a cdna encoding a putative mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase in oryza sativa.	malate dehydrogenase (mdh) has been characterized as a key player in oxaloacetate (oaa) biosynthesis mechanism in citrate acid cycle that generates reducing powers for further assimilation in the whole cell. here we present the cloning, characterization and prokaryotic expression of a putative mdh (osmmdh) in oryza sativa. sequence alignment shows that there is a high homology between the deduced amino acid sequence of osmmdh and mdh portein in eucalyptus gunnii (80%), as well as between the ded ...	2003	12751334
the promoter of a metallothionein-like gene from the tropical tree casuarina glauca is active in both annual dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants.	a chimeric gene consisting of the beta-glucuronidase (gusa) reporter gene under the control of the metallothionein-like promoter cgmt1 from the tropical tree casuarina glauca was introduced into nicotiana tabacum via agrobacterium tumefaciens and into oryza sativa by particle bombardment. the strongest histochemical staining for gus activity was observed in the root system of the transgenic plants, and especially in lateral roots. in contrast, a relatively low level of reporter gene expression w ...	2003	12779116
identification and expression analysis of a gene encoding a bacterial-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from arabidopsis and rice.	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) is distributed in plants and bacteria but is not found in fungi and animal cells. important motifs for enzyme activity and structure are conserved in plant and bacterial pepcs, with the exception of a phosphorylation domain present at the n terminus of all plant pepcs reported so far, which is absent in the bacterial enzymes. here, we describe a gene from arabidopsis, stated as atppc4, encoding a pepc, which shows more similarity to escherichia coli than to ...	2003	12805623
[a study on introduction of chitinase gene and beta-1,3-glucanase gene into restorer line of dian-type hybrid rice (oryza sativa l.) and enhanced resistance to blast (magnaporthe grisea)].	plasmid pblgc containing chitinase gene from phaseolus limensis and beta-1,3-glucanase gene from nicotiana tabacum was bombarded into the restorer line "nan29" of dian-type hybrid rice (oryza sativa l. ssp. japonica) from yunnan province of south-west china. 93 regenerants were obtained from the calli that were resistant to g418 (100 to 150 mg/l) on nb medium. using beta-1,3 glucanase gene as the probe, 17 of the regenerants were identified to be transgenic lines by dot blotting and the foreign ...	2003	12812057
structure, heterologous expression, and properties of rice (oryza sativa l.) family 19 chitinases.	we identified four new family 19 chitinases in oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare: one class i (oschia1d), two class ii (oschia2a and oschia2b), and one class iv (oschia4a). oschia2a resembled (about 60% identity) the catalytic domains of class i chitinases, but oschia2b was almost identical (95% identity) to that of the class iv enzyme. oschia1c, oschia1c deltacbd (a deletion of oschia1c lacking a chitin-binding domain, cbd), and oschia2b were separately expressed and purified in pichia pastoris. o ...	2003	12834284
improvement of rice (oryza sativa l.) seed oil quality through introduction of a soybean microsomal omega-3 fatty acid desaturase gene.	microsomal omega-3 fatty acid desaturase is an essential enzyme in the production of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid during the seed developing stage. we have constructed a chimeric gene consisting of a maize ubi1-p-int and a soybean gmfad3 cdna, which was introduced into rice plants by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. ten transformants containing the chimeric gene were established and expression subsequently confirmed by northern blotting. furthermore, alpha-linole ...	2003	12835909
genetic variations of aa genome oryza species measured by mite-aflp.	mites (miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements) are the major transposable elements in oryza species. we have applied the mite-aflp technique to study the genetic variation and species relationship in the aa-genome oryza species. high polymorphism was detected within and between species. the genetic variation in the cultivated species, oryza sativa and oryza glaberrima, was comparatively lower than in their ancestral wild species. in comparison between geographical lineages of the aa gen ...	2003	12845436
mapping qtls influencing rice floral morphology using recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between oryza sativa l. and oryza rufipogon griff.	to understand the genetic basis of floral traits associated with the mating system in rice, we analyzed pistil, stamen and glume traits using a recombinant inbred line population, derived from a cross between an asian cultivated rice ( oryza sativa l.), pei-kuh, and a wild rice ( oryza rufipogon griff.), w1944. quantitative trait loci (qtls) affecting floral morphology were detected by composite interval mapping using a linkage map constructed using 147 markers, mostly rflps. a total of 7, 4, 14 ...	2003	12845437
distinct expression and function of three ammonium transporter genes (osamt1;1-1;3) in rice.	to study the regulation of ammonium uptake into rice roots, three ammonium transporter genes (osamt1;1, 1;2 and 1;3; oryza sativa ammonium transporter) were isolated and examined. osamt1s belong to amt1 family, containing 11 putative transmembrane-spanning domains. southern blot analysis and screening of the rice genome database confirmed that with osamt1;1-1;3 the complete amt1 family of rice had been isolated. heterologous expression of osamt1s in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant 3101 ...	2003	12881500
cloning, characterization and functional expression of a new beta-d-fructofuranosidase (os beta fruct2) cdna from oryza sativa.	a new cdna (os beta fruct2) encoding an acid beta-d-fructofuranosidase from rice has been cloned, sequenced and expressed in pichia pastoris. the full-length cdna is 2453 base pairs long and encodes a pre-pro-protein of 682 amino acids. the cdna fragment coding for mature enzyme was sub-cloned into vector ppiczalphaa for extracellular expression in the methylotrophic yeast. the recombinant product was purified by ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid agarose column and biochemically characterized. the enzy ...	2003	12882270
soil properties and crop productivity as influenced by flyash incorporation in soil.	field experiments were carried out during 1996-97 at gulawathi, muthiani and salarpur villages, iari farm, new delhi and ncpp campus, dadri to evaluate changes in soil characteristics and growth of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), mustard (brassica juncea l.), lentil (lence esculenta moench.), rice (oryza sativa l.) and maize (zea mays l.) by varying amounts of flyash addition (up to 50t ha(-1)) in soils at sowing/transplanting time of crops. flyash addition in areas adjoining ncpp thermal power pl ...	2003	12889638
inheritance of oryza sativa endornavirus in f1 and f2 hybrids between japonica and indica rice.	we have found a 14 kbp double-stranded rna (dsrna) in many cultivars of japonica rice (oryza sativa l.) but not in any cultivars of indica rice. this dsrna is an rna replicon with plasmid-like properties and is proposed to be a novel dsrna virus, oryza sativa endornavirus (osv). reciprocal crosses between the osv-carrier japonica variety (nipponbare) and the osv-free indica variety (ir 26 or kasalath) were performed to investigate whether osv can be transmitted to f1 hybrids. when ir 26 and nipp ...	2003	12893964
comparative genetics at the gene and chromosome levels between rice ( oryza sativa) and wildrice ( zizania palustris).	using comparative genetics, genes, repetitive dna sequences and chromosomes were studied in the oryzeae in order to more fully exploit the rice genome sequence data. of particular focus was zizania palustris l., n = 15, commonly known as american wildrice. previous work has shown that rice chromosomes 1, 4 and 9 are duplicated in wildrice. the adh1 and adh2 genes were sequenced and, based on phylogenetic analyses, found to be duplicated in wildrice. the majority of the sequence diversity in the ...	2003	12904864
alteration of floral organ identity in rice through ectopic expression of osmads16.	we used a transgenic approach and yeast two-hybrid experiments to study the role of the rice ( oryza sativa l.) b-function mads-box gene, osmads16. transgenic rice plants were generated that ectopically expressed osmads16 under the control of the maize ( zea mays l.) ubiquitin1 promoter. microscopic observations revealed that the innermost-whorl carpels had been replaced by stamen-like organs, which resembled the flowers of the previously described arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. mutation super ...	2003	12905025
a tobacco (nicotiana tabaccum) calmodulin-binding protein kinase, ntcbk2, is regulated differentially by calmodulin isoforms.	a calcium (ca2+)/calmodulin (cam)-binding protein kinase (cbk) from tobacco (nicotiana tabaccum ), ntcbk2, has been characterized molecularly and biochemically. ntcbk2 has all 11 conserved subdomains of the kinase-catalytic domain and a cam-binding site as shown by other kinases, including ca2+-dependent protein kinase and chimaeric ca2+/cam-dependent protein kinases. however, this kinase does not contain an ef-hand motif for ca2+ binding, and its activity was not regulated by ca2+. whereas ntcb ...	2003	12911329
hyperphosphorylation of a mitochondrial protein, prohibitin, is induced by calyculin a in a rice lesion-mimic mutant cdr1.	the rice (oryza sativa) lesion-mimic mutants, cell death and resistance (cdr), show spontaneous cell death on the entire leaf and exhibited significant resistance to the rice blast fungus. our previous studies showed that cdr1 and cdr2 genes negatively regulated the phosphorylation steps leading to the activation of nadph oxidase, which is associated with oxidative burst. to identify novel factors involved in the phosphorylation steps, the phosphorylation level of total proteins was compared bet ...	2003	12913143