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yield and properties of ethanol biofuel produced from different whole cassava flours.the yield and properties of ethanol biofuel produced from five different whole cassava flours were investigated. ethanol was produced from five different whole cassava flours. the effect of quantity of yeast on ethanol yield, effect of whole cassava flour to acid and mineralized media ratio on the yield of ethanol produced, and the physical properties of ethanol produced from different cassava were investigated. physical properties such as distillation range, density, viscosity, and flash point ...201325937983
selection and characterization of a newly isolated thermotolerant pichia kudriavzevii strain for ethanol production at high temperature from cassava starch hydrolysate.pichia kudriavzevii dmku 3-et15 was isolated from traditional fermented pork sausage by an enrichment technique in a yeast extract peptone dextrose (ypd) broth, supplemented with 4 % (v/v) ethanol at 40 °c and selected based on its ethanol fermentation ability at 40 °c in ypd broth composed of 16 % glucose, and in a cassava starch hydrolysate medium composed of cassava starch hydrolysate adjusted to 16 % glucose. the strain produced ethanol from cassava starch hydrolysate at a high temperature u ...201323132277
low-fat frankfurters from protein concentrates of tilapia viscera and mechanically separated tilapia meat.in order to develop a healthy low-fat frankfurter-type sausage, different formulations were developed with tilapia viscera surimi (t1) and two with mechanically separated tilapia meat (mstm) surimi (t2 and t3), all without pig lard addition. due to technological problems observed for t1 sausage during cooking, it was not further investigated. the functionality of the other two formulations was evaluated based on proximate composition, ph, water activity, and texture. finally, microbiological and ...201324804055
characterization of ethanol fermentation waste and its application to lactic acid production by lactobacillus paracasei.in this study, an ethanol fermentation waste (efw) was characterized for use as an alternative to yeast extract for bulk fermentation processes. efw generated from a commercial plant in which ethanol is produced from cassava/rice/wheat/barley starch mixtures using saccharomyces cerevisiae was used for lactic acid production by lactobacillus paracasei. the effects of temperature, ph, and duration on the autolysis of an ethanol fermentation broth (efb) were also investigated. the distilled efw (de ...201322907566
molecular identification of lactobacillus spp. associated with puba, a brazilian fermented cassava food.puba or carimã is a brazilian staple food obtained by spontaneous submerged fermentation of cassava roots. a total of 116 lactobacilli and three cocci isolates from 20 commercial puba samples were recovered on de man, rogosa and sharpe agar (mrs); they were characterized for their antagonistic activity against foodborne pathogens and identified taxonomically by classical and molecular methods. in all samples, lactic acid bacteria were recovered as the dominant microbiota (7.86 ± 0.41 log10 cfu/g ...201324159278
introduction of east african cassava mosaic zanzibar virus to oman harks back to "zanzibar, the capital of oman".cassava mosaic disease (cmd) is the most devastating disease of the subsistence crop cassava (manihot esculenta) across africa and the indian subcontinent. the disease is caused by viruses of the genus begomovirus (family geminiviridae)-seven species have been identified so far. the sultanate of oman is unusual among countries in arabia in growing cassava on a small scale for local consumption. during a recent survey in a'seeb wilayat of muscat governorate, oman, cassava plants were identified w ...201323085885
novel allergens from ancient foods: man e 5 from manioc (manihot esculenta crantz) cross reacts with hev b 5 from latex.manioc (manihot esculenta) is a tuber mainly consumed in the southern hemisphere and used worldwide by food and chemistry industry. we aimed to recombinantly produce and characterize the first manioc allergen and evaluate its ige reactivity in sera of brazilian and italian patients.201323526605
influence of starch steeping period on dimensionless disintegration values of a paracetamol tablet formulation.in this study, tapioca starches obtained after different steeping periods, i.e. ts 24, ts 48 and ts 72, were used as disintegrants with corn starch bp as the standard disintegrant in a paracetamol tablet formulation. two dimensionless disintegration quantities, t(n) and t(c) were used in the determination of the influence that steeping period of starch disintegrant would have on the crushing strength friability-disintegration time ratio (csfr/dt). these quantities were used to assess the influen ...201319645332
moisture-pressure combination treatments for cyanide reduction in grated cassava.several cyanide-associated health disorders have been linked with frequent consumption of mildly toxic cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) products in individuals on a low-protein diet. production of bread from cassava often involves application of prolonged physical pressure (pressing) to the freshly grated root for several hours. this study aimed to determine effects of pressure and wetting on grated cassava. six treatments were applied: confining pressure for 12 h, wetting for 4 h at 25 °c, 2 ...201321535726
cassava root diet induces low pyruvate levels.the high cyanogenic-glucoside carbohydrate of the cassava root (manihot esculenta) has special properties that make it an ideal therapeutic food for lowering nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form (nadh) and inducing sirtuin (sirt) gene overexpression when eaten in an exclusive mono-food diet regime. the author, using himself as the sole test subject, repeatedly induced low pyruvate levels (reflective of nadh levels) after being on the diet for 1-2 weeks at a time. the possible influence ...201320462383
effects of lipids on enzymatic hydrolysis and physical properties of starch.this study aimed to understand effects of lipids, including corn oil (co), soy lecithin (sl), palmitic acid (pa), stearic acid (sa), oleic acid (oa), and linoleic acid (la), on the enzymatic hydrolysis and physical properties of normal corn (ncs), tapioca (tps), waxy corn (wcs), and high-amylose corn (ha7) starch, and to elucidate mechanisms of interactions between the starches and lipids. after cooking with the lipids (10%, w/w, dsb), ncs, tps, and ha7 showed significant decreases in enzymatic ...201323218274
effect of resistant starch on the cooking quality of yam (dioscorea spp.) and cassava (manihot esculenta) based paste products.total starch (ts) and resistant starch (rs) contents in pasty edible product of mealy and hard cooking tubers of three yam varieties and four cassava varieties were determined to evaluate their contribution in their cooking quality. ts and rs contents appeared as the main components in determining yam cooking quality. mealy cooking yam varieties were characterized by a significant higher ts content (75.2 ± 7.7 g/100 g d.m.) and lower rs content (13.8 ± 3.4 g/100 g d.m.) than hard cooking yam var ...201323215529
cyanide and aflatoxin loads of processed cassava (manihot esculenta) tubers (garri) in njaba, imo state, nigeria.the present study sought to investigate the role of palm oil, in conjunction with the duration of fermentation, on cyanide and aflatoxin (aft) loads of processed cassava tubers (garri).201324403736
cassava interspecific hybrids with increased protein content and improved amino acid profiles.cassava (manihot esculenta) is a principal food for large populations of poor people in the tropics and subtropics. its edible roots are poor in protein and lack several essential amino acids. interspecific hybrids may acquire high protein characteristics from wild species. we analyzed 19 hybrids of m. esculenta with its wild relative, m. oligantha, for crude protein, amino acid profile, and total cyanide. some hybrids produced roots with high protein content of up to 5.7%, while the common cult ...201323661446
visualizing metabolite distribution and enzymatic conversion in plant tissues by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging.in comparison with the technology platforms developed to localize transcripts and proteins, imaging tools for visualization of metabolite distributions in plant tissues are less well developed and lack versatility. this hampers our understanding of plant metabolism and dynamics. in this study, we demonstrate that desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (desi-msi) of tissue imprints on porous teflon may be used to accurately image the distribution of even labile plant metabol ...201323551340
geographic differences in patterns of genetic differentiation among bitter and sweet manioc (manihot esculenta subsp. esculenta; euphorbiaceae). 201323548671
synthesis of periclinal chimera in cassava.we provide the first report on the synthesis of a very productive interspecific periclinal chimera of cassava, with large and edible roots. the epidermal tissue of the chimera was formed by the cultivated species manihot esculenta (e), and the subepidermis and internal tissue were formed by the wild species, manihot fortalezensis (f). we used cytogenetics and morphological analyses to determine the origins of all tissues. these results may offer potential for the development of new lines for cro ...201323512678
relative contribution of biotic and abiotic factors to the population density of the cassava green mite, mononychellus tanajoa (acari: tetranychidae).the cassava green mite, mononychellus tanajoa, is a key pest of cassava, manihot esculenta crantz (euphorbiaceae), and it may be kept in check by naturally occurring predatory mites of the family phytoseiidae. in addition to predatory mites, abiotic factors may also contribute to regulate pest mite populations in the field. here, we evaluated the population densities of both m. tanajoa and the generalist predatory mite euseius ho deleon (acari: phytoseiidae) over the cultivation cycle (11 months ...201323417702
molecular and supra-molecular structure of waxy starches developed from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz).the aim of this work was to characterize the amylopectin of low amylose content cassava starches obtained from transgenesis comparatively with a natural waxy cassava starch (wxn) discovered recently in ciat (international center for tropical agriculture). macromolecular features, starch granule morphology, crystallinity and thermal properties of these starches were determined. m¯(w) of amylopectin from the transgenic varieties are lower than wxn. branched and debranched chain distributions analy ...201323399176
development of model for barrier and optical properties of tapioca starch based edible films.the film forming solutions composed of tapioca (cassava) starch (1-3 g), glycerol (0.5-1.0 ml), agar (0.5-1.0 g) and span 80 (0.1-0.5 ml) were prepared according to a three-level, four-factor box-behnken response surface experimental design. the films were obtained by casting method and they are homogenous and transparent. the influence of film composition (tapioca starch, glycerol, agar and span80) on the barrier and optical properties of the tapioca starch based edible films was evaluated. the ...201323399163
comparative morphology, biology and histology of reproductive development in three lines of manihot esculenta crantz (euphorbiaceae: crotonoideae).cassava (manihot esculenta), a major food staple in the tropics and subtropics, thrives even in environments undergoing threatening climate change. to satisfy the increasing demand for crop improvement and overcome the limitations of conventional breeding, the introduction of inbreeding techniques such as the production of doubled haploid lines via androgenesis or gynogenesis offers advantages. however, comprehensive studies on cassava flower bud biology or structural development are lacking and ...201323346343
enhanced reactive oxygen species scavenging by overproduction of superoxide dismutase and catalase delays postharvest physiological deterioration of cassava storage roots.postharvest physiological deterioration (ppd) of cassava (manihot esculenta) storage roots is the result of a rapid oxidative burst, which leads to discoloration of the vascular tissues due to the oxidation of phenolic compounds. in this study, coexpression of the reactive oxygen species (ros)-scavenging enzymes copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (mecu/znsod) and catalase (mecat1) in transgenic cassava was used to explore the intrinsic relationship between ros scavenging and ppd occurrence. transg ...201323344905
effects of dietary fibers with different fermentation characteristics on feeding motivation in adult female pigs.dietary fibers can be fermented in the colon, resulting in production of short-chain fatty acids (scfa) and secretion of satiety-related peptides. fermentation characteristics (fermentation kinetics and scfa-profile) differ between fibers and could impact their satiating potential. we investigated the effects of fibers with varying fermentation characteristics on feeding motivation in adult female pigs. sixteen pair-housed pigs received four diets in four periods in a latin square design. starch ...201323313406
effects of starches on the textural, rheological, and color properties of surimi-beef gels with microbial tranglutaminase.in order to evaluate effects of starches (corn starch, potato starch, and tapioca starch) on the characteristics of surimi-beef gels with microbial transglutaminase, the cooking loss, gel strength, color and rheological properties of samples were investigated. results demonstrated that starches gave negative effects on the cooking loss of surimi-beef gels. the gel with corn starch had the highest cooking loss while that with tapioca starch showed the lowest value. the gel with potato starch obta ...201323273461
identification of cassava micrornas under abiotic stress.the study of micrornas (mirnas) in plants has gained significant attention in recent years due to their regulatory role during development and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. although cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is tolerant to drought and other adverse conditions, most cassava mirnas have been predicted using bioinformatics alone or through sequencing of plants challenged by biotic stress. here, we use high-throughput sequencing and different bioinformatics methods to identify ...201324328029
treatment of tapioca starch wastewater by a novel combination of physical and biological processes.a pilot plant combining dissolved air flotation, anaerobic degradation in an expanded granular sludge bed (egsb) reactor and aerobic post-treatment in a vertical flow constructed wetland has been used to treat tapioca starch wastewater for more than 2.25 years. it is demonstrated that organic matter (chemical oxygen demand by >98%), nitrogen (kjeldahl-n by >90%) and cyanide (total cyanide by >99%) can be removed very efficiently under stable operating conditions. the removal efficiency for phosp ...201324056422
effect of granular characteristics on pasting properties of starch blends.pasting and morphology properties of starch blends composed of waxy (waxy rice and waxy corn) and non-waxy (normal corn, tapioca and potato) starches at various ratios were investigated for elucidating effect of granular characteristics on pasting of blends. pasting profiles of blends were between those of the component starches alone, while the changes varied with starch source. results reveal obvious water competition during pasting for blends composed of waxy starch and highly swelling non-wa ...201324053839
whole genome duplication events in plant evolution reconstructed and predicted using myosin motor proteins.the evolution of land plants is characterized by whole genome duplications (wgd), which drove species diversification and evolutionary novelties. detecting these events is especially difficult if they date back to the origin of the plant kingdom. established methods for reconstructing wgds include intra- and inter-genome comparisons, ks age distribution analyses, and phylogenetic tree constructions.201324053117
genome-wide discovery and information resource development of dna polymorphisms in cassava.cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is an important crop that provides food security and income generation in many tropical countries, and is known for its adaptability to various environmental conditions. its draft genome sequence and many expressed sequence tags are now publicly available, allowing the development of cassava polymorphism information. here, we describe the genome-wide discovery of cassava dna polymorphisms. using the alignment of predicted transcribed sequences from the cassava ...201324040164
the evolutionary fate of phenotypic plasticity and functional traits under domestication in manioc: changes in stem biomechanics and the appearance of stem brittleness.domestication can influence many functional traits in plants, from overall life-history and growth form to wood density and cell wall ultrastructure. such changes can increase fitness of the domesticate in agricultural environments but may negatively affect survival in the wild. we studied effects of domestication on stem biomechanics in manioc by comparing domesticated and ancestral wild taxa from two different regions of greater amazonia. we compared mechanical properties, tissue organisation ...201324023960
impact on molecular organization of amylopectin in starch granules upon annealing.this study investigated the influence of the internal structure of amylopectin on annealing (3h, 24h) of starches from four different types of amylopectin (bertoft, koch, & aman, 2012; bertoft, piyachomkwan, chatakanonda, & sriroth, 2008). regardless of the starch source and incubation time, annealing significantly increased the onset gelatinization temperature (to) and narrowed and deepened the amylopectin endotherm. however, the extent of the change in the melting temperature (tm) and the enth ...201323987446
food safety: importance of composition for assessing genetically modified cassava (manihot esculenta crantz).the importance of food composition in safety assessments of genetically modified (gm) food is described for cassava ( manihot esculenta crantz) that naturally contains significantly high levels of cyanogenic glycoside (cg) toxicants in roots and leaves. the assessment of the safety of gm cassava would logically require comparison with a non-gm crop with a proven "history of safe use". this study investigates this statement for cassava. a non-gm comparator that qualifies would be a processed prod ...201323899040
molecular evolution and functional divergence of soluble starch synthase genes in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz).soluble starch synthases (sss) are major enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in plants. cassava starch has many remarkable characteristics, which should be influenced by the evolution of ss genes in this starchy root crop. in this work, we performed a comprehensive phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of the soluble starch synthases in cassava. genome-wide identification showed that there are 9 genes encoding soluble starch synthases in cassava. all of the soluble starch synthases encoded ...201323888108
most consumed foods in brazil: national dietary survey 2008-2009.to describe the most commonly consumed foods in brazil.201323703263
neurotoxic effect of linamarin in rats associated with cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) consumption.cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is a plant widely used for food consumption in different processed products in rural areas of africa, asia, and latin america. cassava is a good source of carbohydrates and micronutrients. however, if it is not adequately processed or the consumer has nutritional deficiencies, then its cyanogenic glycoside (i.e., linamarin and lotaustralin) content makes it potentially neurotoxic. in the present study, the neurotoxic effects of different concentrations of linam ...201323778051
antioxidant capacity, total phenolics and nutritional content in selected ethiopian staple food ingredients.the total antioxidant capacity, total phenolics content (tpc) and nutritional content of five types of enset (enset ventricosum) flour in comparison with four staples (teff [eragrostis tef], wheat, corn and tapioca) were evaluated. teff, corn and "amicho" (corm of enset) had the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power (frap). the frap and tpc of teff (1.8 mmol trolox equivalence/100 g dry matter (dm) and 123.6 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g dm, respectively) were over 4-fold larger than the l ...201323777527
effects of boiling and frying on the bioaccessibility of beta-carotene in yellow-fleshed cassava roots (manihot esculenta crantz cv. brs jari).the effects of boiling and frying on the bioaccessibility of all-trans-beta-carotene in biofortified brs jari cassava roots have not been investigated, although these are conventional methods of cassava preparation.201323767282
glutamic acid-rich proteins in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) storage roots. 201323744824
empowering biotechnology in southern africa: establishment of a robust transformation platform for the production of transgenic industry-preferred cassava.knowledge and technology transfer to african laboratories and farmers is an important objective for achieving food security and sustainable crop production on the sub-saharan african continent. cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is a vital source of calories for more than a billion people in developing countries, and its potential industrial use for starch and bioethanol in the tropics is increasingly being recognized. however, cassava production remains constrained by the susceptibility of the ...201322683498
computational identification of micrornas and their targets in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz.).micrornas (mirnas) are a newly discovered class of noncoding endogenous small rnas involved in plant growth and development as well as response to environmental stresses. mirnas have been extensively studied in various plant species, however, only few information are available in cassava, which serves as one of the staple food crops, a biofuel crop, animal feed and industrial raw materials. in this study, the 169 potential cassava mirnas belonging to 34 mirna families were identified by computat ...201322388699
[thyroid diseases in sub-saharan africa].thyroid gland diseases vary according to the environment. in sub-saharan africa, they are also influenced by population isolation and the absence of food self-sufficiency, both factors affecting the onset and persistence of iodine-deficiency goiters. more cosmopolitan diseases are now added to these thyroid disorders. women are mainly affected (94.2%), most often with euthyroid goiters (54.7%), followed by graves disease (13.1%), hypothyroidism (8.8%), thyroiditis (6.6%), toxic multinodular goit ...201317897900
a comparative study of modified starches in direct compression of a water soluble drug-chloroquine phosphate.some in vitro properties of chloroquine phosphate tablets formulated with four modified starches were investigated. the drug was formulated as tablets containing 250 mg of chloroquine phosphate and produced by the direct compression technique. the starches were isolated from maize, zea mays, rice, oryza sativa, cassava, manihot esculenta and cocoyam, zanthosoma sagittifolium. they were modified through physicochemical process, sta-rx 1500, a directly compressible starch was used as basis for com ...201311213430
molecular and biochemical characterization of a cyanogenic β-glucosidase in the inner bark tissues of rubber tree (hevea brasiliensis muell. arg.).tapping causes the loss of large amounts of latex from laticifers and subsequently enhances latex regeneration, a high carbon- and nitrogen-cost activity in rubber tree. it is suggested that a 67 kda protein associated with protein-storing cells in the inner bark tissues of rubber tree plays an important role in meeting the nitrogen demand for latex regeneration. here, the 67 kda protein was further characterized by a combination of cell biological, molecular biological and biochemical technique ...201323510639
fermentation and quality of yellow pigments from golden brown rice solid culture by a selected monascus mutant.a single peak (λmax 370) yellow pigment-producing mutant derived from monascus sp. tistr 3179 was used for the pigment production in solid rice culture. various factors affecting yellow tones were investigated. hom-mali rice variety was the best amongst five thai local varieties used for fungus culture. it was also better than corn, mungbean, soybean, potato, sweet potato, or cassava tubers. the moisture content and temperature were the key environmental factors affecting the color tones of crea ...201323912113
bacterial community composition of anthropogenic biochar and amazonian anthrosols assessed by 16s rrna gene 454 pyrosequencing.biochar (bc) is a common minor constituent of soils and is usually derived from the burning of wood materials. in the case of amazonian dark earth (ade) soils, the increased amount of this material is believed to be due to anthropogenic action by ancient indigenous populations. in this study, we use 16s rrna gene pyrosequencing to assess the bacterial diversity observed in the bc found in ades as well as in the dark earth itself and the adjacent acrisol. samples were taken from two sites, one cu ...201323743632
tumebacillus flagellatus sp. nov., an α-amylase/pullulanase-producing bacterium isolated from cassava wastewater.a novel α-amylase/pullulanase-producing bacterium, designated strain gst4(t), was isolated from samples collected from the wastewater of a cassava starch factory in nanning, guangxi autonomous region, southern china. cells of strain gst4(t) were rod-shaped bacilli containing ellipsoidal terminal spores and found to be gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, motile, oxidase-positive, catalase-negative and formed light yellow colonies on agar plates. strain gst4(t) was able to grow at ph 4.5-8.5 (optimum ...201323435245
manioc flour consumption as a risk factor for lead poisoning in the brazilian amazon.recent studies reported elevated blood lead (pb) levels in riparian populations of the amazon. for this reason, the aim of the present study was to assess the risk to riparians in the brazilian amazon to pb exposure due to the intake of contaminated manioc flour. lead levels were determined in whole blood (n = 74) and in manioc flour samples (n = 30) in three different communities. mean blood pb levels were 16.8 μg/dl, with individuals living in açaituba presenting the highest mean blood pb leve ...201323356650
investigation on furan levels in pressure-cooked foods.furan is a food processing contaminant classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. as the occurrence of furan has been reported in a variety of foods processed in sealed containers, the objective of this work was to investigate if the contaminant can be found in home-cooked foods prepared in a pressure cooker. for that, several foods including beans, soy beans, whole rice, beef, pork, potato, and cassava were pressure-cooked and analyzed for the furan content by gas chromatography coupled to ...201326962536
endophytic fungi from the amazonian plant paullinia cupana and from olea europaea isolated using cassava as an alternative starch media source.endophytic fungi live inside plants, apparently do not cause any harm to their hosts and may play important roles in defense and growth promotion. fungal growth is a routine practice at microbiological laboratories, and the potato dextrose agar (pda) is the most frequently used medium because it is a rich source of starch. however, the production of potatoes in some regions of the world can be costly. aiming the development of a new medium source to tropical countries, in the present study, we u ...201325674409
feeding potential of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) peels ensiled with leucaena leucocephala and gliricidia sepium assessed with west african dwarf goats.cassava peels (cape) were ensiled in mixtures with gliricidia sepium and leucaena leucocephala, and the utilization of the mixed silages by west african dwarf (wad) goats was assessed. five silages were composed, comprising of 100% ensiled cape (control), cape + g. sepium 2:1 (w/w; 2cgs), cape + g. sepium 1:1 (w/w; cgs), cape + l. leucocephala 2:1 (w/w; 2cll) and cape + l. leucocephala 1:1 (w/w; cll). all diets were supplemented with molasses (40 g/kg) before ensiling which lasted 3 months. fift ...201323397521
parakari, an indigenous fermented beverage using amylolytic rhizopus in guyana.the alcoholic beverage parakari is a product of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) fermentation by amerindians of guyana. while fermented beverage production is nearly universal among indigenous amazonians, parakari is unique among new world beverages because it involves the use of an amylolytic mold (rhizopus sp., mucoraceae, zygomycota) followed by a solid substratum ethanol fermentation. the mycological significance of this dual fermentation process previously was unrecognized. a detailed stu ...201316389951
dynamical structure of a traditional amazonian social network.reciprocity is a vital feature of social networks, but relatively little is known about its temporal structure or the mechanisms underlying its persistence in real world behavior. in pursuit of these two questions, we study the stationary and dynamical signals of reciprocity in a network of manioc beer (spanish: chicha; tsimane': shocdye') drinking events in a tsimane' village in lowland bolivia. at the stationary level, our analysis reveals that social exchange within the community is heterogen ...201325053880
sensorial evolution of cassava flour (manihot esculenta crantz) added to protein concentrate cassava leaves.cassava is regarded as the nutritional base of populations in developing countries, and flour, product made of cassava, is the most consumed in the world. the cassava leaves are very rich in vegetable proteins, but a big amount is lost in processing the crop. the objective of this study was to do a sensory evaluation of cassava flour to which a protein concentrate obtained from cassava leaves (cpml) was added. the cpml was obtained from cassava leaves by isoelectric precipitation and added to ca ...201324804041
improvement in the traditional processing method and nutritional quality of traditional extruded cassava-based snack (modified ajogun).this study was carried out to investigate and improve the traditional processing method and nutritional quality of the traditional cassava snack (ajogun). cassava root (manihot esculenta crantz l.) of tme 419 variety was processed into mash (40% moisture content). the cassava mash was mixed into different blends to produce fried traditional "ajogun", fried and baked extrudates (modified ajogun) as snacks. these products were analyzed to determine the proximate composition including carbohydrate, ...201324804039
effects of solid content and temperature on viscosity of tapioca meal.the effect of solid content (2.5-10%, w/v) and temperature (30-70°c) on the viscosity of tapioca meal from three cassava varieties was investigated in this study. viscosity measurements were conducted using a digital rotational brookfield viscometer. the viscosity of tapioca meal increased with increasing solid content and decreasing viscometer speeds. an empirical power-law equation fitted the viscosity data of the tapioca meals with correlation coefficients between 0.94 and 0.99. our results i ...201324425955
molecular cloning and characterization of a cassava translationally controlled tumor protein gene potentially related to salt stress response.cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is one of the most important tropical crops showing tolerance to abiotic stress and adaptations to a wide range of environmental conditions. here, we aimed to isolate and characterize the full-length cdna and genomic sequences of a cassava translationally controlled tumor protein gene (metctp), and evaluate its potential role in response to salt stress. the metctp full-length cdna sequence encodes for a deduced protein with 168 amino acid residues, with theoret ...201424413992
domain c of thermostable α-amylase of geobacillus thermoleovorans mediates raw starch adsorption.the gene (1,542 bp) encoding thermostable ca(2+)-independent and raw starch hydrolyzing α-amylase of the extremely thermophilic bacterium geobacillus thermoleovorans encodes for a protein of 50 kda (gt-amyii) with 488 amino acids. the enzyme is optimally active at ph 7.0 and 60 °c with a t 1/2 of 19.4 h at 60 and 4 h at 70 °c. gt-amyii hydrolyses corn and tapioca raw starches efficiently and therefore finds application in starch saccharification at industrial sub-gelatinisation temperatures. the ...201424413972
isolation and characterization of three cassava elongation factor 1 alpha (meef1a) promoters.in plant genetic engineering, the identification of gene promoters leading to particular expression patterns is crucial for the development of new genetically modified plant generations. this research was conducted in order to isolate and characterize several new promoters from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) elongation factor 1 alpha (ef1a) gene family.three promoters meef1a3, meef1a5 and meef1a6 were successfully isolated [corrected]. sequence analyses showed that all of the promoters conta ...201424404183
activity and abundance of methane-oxidizing bacteria in secondary forest and manioc plantations of amazonian dark earth and their adjacent soils.the oxidation of atmospheric ch4 in upland soils is mostly mediated by uncultivated groups of microorganisms that have been identified solely by molecular markers, such as the sequence of the pmoa gene encoding the β-subunit of the particulate methane monooxygenase enzyme. the objective of this work was to compare the activity and diversity of methanotrophs in amazonian dark earth soil (ade, hortic anthrosol) and their adjacent non-anthropic soil. secondly, the effect of land use in the form of ...201425374565
evaluation of coprocessed disintegrants produced from tapioca starch and mannitol in orally disintegrating paracetamol tablet.the study evaluated two novel coprocessed excipients (with two methods) as disintegrants in an orally disintegrating paracetamol tablet formulation. the tablets produced were assessed for mechanical properties with the use of friability and tensile strength while the release properties were assessed with wetting time, water absorption ratio, disintegration time and dissolution profile. the results obtained showed that the methods of coprocessing and disintegrant incorporation influenced the acti ...201425362809
genome-wide identification, 3d modeling, expression and enzymatic activity analysis of cell wall invertase gene family from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz).the cell wall invertases play a crucial role on the sucrose metabolism in plant source and sink organs. in this research, six cell wall invertase genes (mecwinv1-6) were cloned from cassava. all the mecwinvs contain a putative signal peptide with a predicted extracellular location. the overall predicted structures of the mecwinv1-6 are similar to atcwinv1. their n-terminus domain forms a β-propeller module and three conserved sequence domains (ndpng, rdp and wecp(v)d), in which the catalytic res ...201424786092
dietary sources of fiber intake in brazil.the objective of this study was to estimate the household availability of fibers in brazil and to identify the dietary sources of this nutrient. data from the 2008-2009 household budget survey were used to estimate national household availability and density of fibers and also according to stratifications defined by income level, five regions and area (rural or urban). the contribution of the different food groups, classified by the nature, extent and purpose of processing, to total fibers avail ...201424769296
comparison of leaf proteomes of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) cultivar nz199 diploid and autotetraploid genotypes.cassava polyploid breeding has drastically improved our knowledge on increasing root yield and its significant tolerance to stresses. in polyploid cassava plants, increases in dna content highly affect cell volumes and anatomical structures. however, the mechanism of this effect is poorly understood. the purpose of the present study was to compare and validate the changes between cassava cultivar nz199 diploid and autotetraploid at proteomic levels. the results showed that leaf proteome of cassa ...201424727655
aspergillus 6v4, a strain isolated from manipueira, produces high amylases levels by using wheat bran as a substrate.the aim of this study was screening fungi strains, isolated from manipueira (a liquid subproduct obtained from the flour production of manihot esculenta), for amylases production and investigating production of these enzymes by the strain aspergillus 6v4. the fungi isolated from manipueira belonged to ascomycota phylum. the strain aspergillus 6v4 was the best amylase producer in the screening assay of starch hydrolysis in petri dishes (ashpd) and in the assay in submerged fermentation (asbf). th ...201424724017
slow glucose release property of enzyme-synthesized highly branched maltodextrins differs among starch sources.seven types of starch (waxy corn, normal corn, waxy rice, normal rice, waxy potato, normal potato, and tapioca) were selected to produce slowly digestible maltodextrins by enzymatic modification using a previously developed procedure. branching enzyme (be) alone and in combination with β-amylase (ba) were used to increase the amount of α-1,6 branching points, which are slowly hydrolyzed by mucosal α-glucosidases in the small intestine. the enzymatic treatments of all starches resulted in a reduc ...201424702934
use of pcr-dhplc with fluorescence detection for the characterization of the bacterial diversity during cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) fermentation.denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (dhplc) has been described as a suitable method to study dna polymorphisms. here, cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) fermentation liquor was examined using dhplc analysis to characterize the bacterial diversity during the fermentation process. gc-clamped amplicons corresponding to a variable region of the bacterial community 16s rdna were synthesized using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and then resolved on a base-composition basis using prepara ...201424634228
reference values of lead in blood and related factors among blood donors in the western amazon, brazil.the aim of this study was to (1) determine the reference value of blood lead levels (bll) in a sample of blood donors of rio branco, the capital city of acre, in the western brazilian amazon, and (2) explore factors influencing lead (pb) exposure levels. between 2010 and 2011, blood samples were collected from universal blood donors attending the central hemotherapic unit in rio branco with a total number of 1196. information on characteristics of 1183 donors was obtained through questionnaires. ...201424627997
development of cassava periclinal chimera may boost production.plant periclinal chimeras are genotypic mosaics arranged concentrically. trials to produce them to combine different species have been done, but pratical results have not been achieved. we report for the second time the development of a very productive interspecific periclinal chimera in cassava. it has very large edible roots up to 14 kg per plant at one year old compared to 2-3 kg in common varieties. the epidermal tissue formed was from manihot esculenta cultivar unb 032, and the subepidermal ...201424615046
characterization of modified tapioca starch solutions and their sprays for high temperature coating applications.the objective of the research was to understand and improve the unusual physical and atomization properties of the complexes/adhesives derived from the tapioca starch by addition of borate and urea. the characterization of physical properties of the synthesized adhesives was carried out by determining the effect of temperature, shear rate, and mass concentration of thickener/stabilizer on the complex viscosity, density, and surface tension. in later stage, phenomenological analyses of spray jet ...201424592165
tapioca melanoma of the iris without iris heterochromia.a case of a teenage girl with tapioca melanoma of the iris is presented. this case is unusual, as the patient did not have heterochromia and did not present with elevated intraocular pressure.201424584308
modification of tapioca starch by non-chemical route using jet atmospheric argon plasma.non-chemical modification of tapioca starch was investigated using jet atmospheric argon plasma treatment. two forms of starch slurry, i.e. granular starch (g) and cooked starch (c), were jet-treated by argon plasma generated by supplying input power of 50 w (denoted as g50 and c50 samples) and 100 w (denoted as g100 and c100 samples) for 5 min. physical, rheological, and structural characteristics of the modified starch were investigated. the g50 and c100 samples had lower paste clarity but hig ...201424507348
xanthan from sulphuric acid treated tapioca pulp: influence of acid concentration on xanthan fermentation.xanthan gum was produced by fermentation of sulphuric acid pre-treated tapioca pulp. effect of sulphuric acid concentration (0.5%, 2.5% and 5.0%) on xanthan fermentation was investigated. maximum xanthan yield (7.1g/l) was obtained with 0.5% sulphuric acid pre-treatment. further, increase in sulphuric acid concentration caused formation of inhibitory substance and lowered xanthan yield. the product was confirmed as xanthan using ftir, (1)h nmr analyses. viscosity was measured by brookfield visco ...201424507334
brazil's staple food and incident diabetes.the aim of this study was to investigate the association of brazil's staple food, rice, beans and manioc, and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus type 2 (t2dm) in adults assisted by a brazilian family doctor program (fdp).201424484685
[determination method of linamarin in cassava products and beans by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry].a rapid and simple method using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (uhplc-ms/ms) was developed for the determination of linamarin in cassava products and beans containing cyanogen compounds. linamarin was extracted with acetonitrile-water (3 : 1) cleaned up using an amino solid-phase extraction cartridge, and then determined by uhplc-ms/ms. the recoveries from cassava fortified at the levels of 10 μg/g and 100 μg/g were 96.1% and 95.3%, respectively, and t ...201424990764
impact of genotype and cooking style on the content, retention, and bioacessibility of β-carotene in biofortified cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) conventionally bred in brazil.biofortification is a strategy for decreasing micronutrient deficiencies in vulnerable populations by increasing nutrient density in staple food crops. roots from five varieties of cassava biofortified with β-carotene (βc), three parental accessions, and one variety of commonly consumed white cassava from brazil were investigated. roots from biofortified varieties contained up to 23-fold higher βc than white cassava, and the additional complement of βc was primarily the all-trans isomer. at leas ...201424970565
inter-retrotransposon-amplified polymorphism markers for germplasm characterization in manihot esculenta (euphorbiaceae).manioc, manihot esculenta, is economically important in many tropical and subtropical countries. the genetic variability of the species has not been fully explored, and new information may help expand its use. molecular markers based on retrotransposons have good potential for analysis of genetic diversity given their abundance in the genome. eight long terminal repeat retrotransposons were selected for the development of inter-retrotransposon-amplified polymorphism markers. to test these primer ...201424938466
spatial distribution of mercury and arsenic levels in water, soil and cassava plants in a community with long history of gold mining in tanzania.this study examined the spatial distribution of total mercury (thg) and total arsenic (tas) in water, soil and cassava (manihot esculenta) (leaves and roots) samples taken from areas in rwamagasa village in northwestern tanzania where daily living activities occur in close proximity to extensive artisanal and small scale gold mining. results indicated that 33.3 % of the water sources had thg levels above the who guideline of 1.0 µg/l for safe drinking water, and 12.5 % had tas levels above 10 µg ...201424923470
effect of feeding cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) root meal on growth performance, hydrocyanide intake and haematological parameters of broiler chicks.the effect of feeding cassava root meal on growth performance, hydrocyanide intake, haematological indices and serum thiocyanate concentration of broiler chicks was investigated using 300-day-old male broilers. there were five dietary treatments arranged in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement of two processing methods of cassava root (peeled and unpeeled) included at two levels (100 and 200 g/kg) plus a control diet (maize-based diet, containing no cassava root). each treatment was replicated six ...201424913764
a geographic distribution database of mononychellus mites (acari, tetranychidae) on cassava (manihot esculenta).the genus mononychellus is represented by 28 herbivorous mites. some of them are notorious pests of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz), a primary food crop in the tropics. with the exception of mononychellus tanajoa (bondar), their geographic distribution is not widely known. this article therefore reports observational and specimen-based occurrence data of mononychellus species associated with cassava. the dataset consists of 1,513 distribution records documented by the international center for ...201424899828
reprogramming of cassava (manihot esculenta) microspores towards sporophytic development.gametes have the unique potential to enter the sporophytic pathway, called androgenesis. the plants produced are usually haploid and recombinant due to the preceding meiosis and they can double their chromosome number to form doubled haploids, which are completely homozygous. availability of the doubled haploids facilitates mapping the genes of agronomically important traits, shortening the time of the breeding process required to produce new hybrids and homozygous varieties, and saving the time ...201424887001
large-scale proteomics of the cassava storage root and identification of a target gene to reduce postharvest deterioration.cassava (manihot esculenta) is the most important root crop in the tropics, but rapid postharvest physiological deterioration (ppd) of the root is a major constraint to commercial cassava production. we established a reliable method for image-based ppd symptom quantification and used label-free quantitative proteomics to generate an extensive cassava root and ppd proteome. over 2600 unique proteins were identified in the cassava root, and nearly 300 proteins showed significant abundance regulati ...201424876255
effect of natamycin, nisin and glycerol on the physicochemical properties, roughness and hydrophobicity of tapioca starch edible films.in this paper, films based on tapioca starch and containing nisin, natamycin and glycerol were characterized in relation to their physicochemical properties, roughness and hydrophobicity. the content of glycerol affected the mechanical properties of the films studied and the roughness and it was observed an increase in wvp with the increase in glycerol content. the addition of antimicrobials affected the mechanical properties, being nisin the one that produced the greater decrease in the young m ...201424857495
cloning, 3d modeling and expression analysis of three vacuolar invertase genes from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz).vacuolar invertase is one of the key enzymes in sucrose metabolism that irreversibly catalyzes the hydrolysis of sucrose to glucose and fructose in plants. in this research, three vacuolar invertase genes, named mevinv1-3, and with 653, 660 and 639 amino acids, respectively, were cloned from cassava. the motifs of ndpng (β-fructosidase motif), rdp and wecvd, which are conserved and essential for catalytic activity in the vacuolar invertase family, were found in mevinv1 and mevinv2. meanwhile, in ...201424838076
metabolomics combined with chemometric tools (pca, hca, pls-da and svm) for screening cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) roots during postharvest physiological deterioration.cassava roots are an important source of dietary and industrial carbohydrates and suffer markedly from postharvest physiological deterioration (ppd). this paper deals with metabolomics combined with chemometric tools for screening the chemical and enzymatic composition in several genotypes of cassava roots during ppd. metabolome analyses showed increases in carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolics, reactive scavenging species, and enzymes (superoxide dismutase family, hydrogen peroxide, ...201424837923
soil-to-root vegetable transfer factors for (226)ra, (232)th, (40)k, and (88)y in malaysia.soil-to-plant transfer factors (tfs) are of fundamental importance in assessing the environmental impact due to the presence of radioactivity in soil and agricultural crops. tapioca and sweet potato, both root crops, are popular foodstuffs for a significant fraction of the malaysian population, and result in intake of radionuclides. for the natural field conditions experienced in production of these foodstuffs, tfs and the annual effective dose were evaluated for the natural radionuclides (226)r ...201424814722
optical chemosensor for the detection of cyanide in water based on ethyl(hydroxyethyl)cellulose functionalized with brooker's merocyanine.ethyl(hydroxyethyl)cellulose was functionalized with brooker's merocyanine. the modified polymer was easily transformed in a film, which could be used as a highly selective chromogenic and fluorogenic chemosensor for the detection of cyanide in water, with detection limits of 1.9 × 10(-5) and 1.0 × 10(-7) mol l(-1). the film was successfully applied to the detection of cyanide in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) roots, which are a well-known source of endogenous biological cyanide.201424805864
genome sequence of erinnyis ello granulovirus (erelgv), a natural cassava hornworm pesticide and the first sequenced sphingid-infecting betabaculovirus.cassava (manihot esculenta) is the basic source for dietary energy of 500 million people in the world. in brazil, erinnyis ello ello (lepidoptera: sphingidae) is a major pest of cassava crops and a bottleneck for its production. in the 1980s, a naturally occurring baculovirus was isolated from e. ello larva and successfully applied as a bio-pesticide in the field. here, we described the structure, the complete genome sequence, and the phylogenetic relationships of the first sphingid-infecting be ...201425280947
enzymatic and acid conversion of new starches from improved orphan crops: prospects for renewable materials uses in food and non-food industries.the enzymatic and acid hydrolysis have converted eight new starches into a range of chain lengths mainly including glucose, maltose, and maltodextrins as observed on tlc plates, irrespective to the starch variety and treatment. results of the enzymatic hydrolysis have highlighted the possibility of the use of v4 and v64, which can be labelled as "dietary fibres", to enhance the organoleptic qualities of foods and for fibre fortification of low-calorie products. concerning v66 and v69, they have ...201425279291
immune response and disease resistance of shrimp fed biofloc grown on different carbon sources.the objective of this study was to document the immunological effects of growing shrimp in biofloc systems. the experiment consisted of four types of biofloc systems in which bioflocs were produced by daily supplementation of four different carbon sources, i.e. molasses, tapioca, tapioca-by-product, and rice bran, at an estimated c/n ratio of 15 and a control system without any organic carbon addition. each biofloc system was stocked with pacific white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) juveniles tha ...201425218685
thermodynamic analysis of sorption isotherms of cassava (manihot esculenta).sorption isotherms of cassava were determined experimentally using a static gravimetric method at 30, 45 and 60 °c and within the range of 0.10-0.90 water activity. at a constant water activity, equilibrium moisture content decreased with increasing temperature. the equilibrium moisture content increased with increasing water activity at a given temperature. the experimental results were modelled using seven sorption models using non-linear regression technique. results demonstrated that the gab ...201425190827
genetic parameters and prediction of genotypic values for root quality traits in cassava using reml/blup.the aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters and predict the genotypic values of root quality traits in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) using restricted maximum likelihood (reml) and best linear unbiased prediction (blup). a total of 471 cassava accessions were evaluated over two years of cultivation. the evaluated traits included amylose content (aml), root dry matter (dmc), cyanogenic compounds (cyc), and starch yield (styi). estimates of the individual broad-sense heritabil ...201425177949
development of a cassava core collection based on single nucleotide polymorphism markers.single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers were used in the largest cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) germplasm collection from brazil to develop core collections based on the maximization strategy. subsets with 61, 64, 84, 128, 256, and 384 cassava accessions were selected and named poheu, mst64, poran, mst128, mst256, and mst384, respectively. all the 798 alleles identified by 402 snp markers in the entire collection were captured in all core collections. only small alterations in the diver ...201425158266
optimization of ingredients for noodle preparation using response surface methodology.in the present investigation, the composite flour combinations using whole wheat flour (x1), tapioca flour (x2) and defatted soy flour (x3) for the noodle preparation were made through central composite rotatable design (ccrd). the analyzed responses were bulk density (bd), proximate composition, water uptake ratio (wur), cooking volume expansion (ve), water absorption capacity (wac), swelling capacity (sc), gruel solid loss (gsl), and sensory characteristics. a second order quadratic polynomial ...201425114340
increased expression of native cytosolic cu/zn superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase improves tolerance to oxidative and chilling stresses in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz).cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is a tropical root crop, and is therefore, extremely sensitive to low temperature; its antioxidative response is pivotal for its survival under stress. timely turnover of reactive oxygen species (ros) in plant cells generated by chilling-induced oxidative damages, and scavenging can be achieved by non-enzymatic and enzymatic reactions in order to maintain ros homeostasis.201425091029
preparation and characterization of bioplastic-based green renewable composites from tapioca with acetyl tributyl citrate as a plasticizer.granular tapioca was thermally blended with poly(lactic acid) (pla). all blends were prepared using a plasti-corder and characterized for tensile properties, thermal properties and morphology. scanning electron micrographs showed that phase separation occurred, leading to poor tensile properties. therefore, methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (mdi) was used as an interfacial compatibilizer to improve the mechanical properties of pla/tapioca blends. the addition of mdi could improve the tensile streng ...201428788150
local domestication of lactic acid bacteria via cassava beer fermentation.cassava beer, or chicha, is typically consumed daily by the indigenous shuar people of the ecuadorian amazon. this traditional beverage made from cassava tuber (manihot esculenta) is thought to improve nutritional quality and flavor while extending shelf life in a tropical climate. bacteria responsible for chicha fermentation could be a source of microbes for the human microbiome, but little is known regarding the microbiology of chicha. we investigated bacterial community composition of chicha ...201425071997
endogenous small-noncoding rnas and their roles in chilling response and stress acclimation in cassava.small noncoding rna (sncrna), including micrornas (mirnas) and endogenous small-interfering rnas (endo-sirnas) are key gene regulators in eukaryotes, playing critical roles in plant development and stress tolerance. trans-acting sirnas (ta-sirnas), which are secondary sirnas triggered by mirnas, and sirnas from natural antisense transcripts (nat-sirnas) are two well-studied classes of endo-sirnas.201425070534
[chemical characterization and quantification of fructooligosaccharides, phenolic compounds and antiradical activity of andean roots and tubers grown in northwest of argentina].there is great interest in consuming foods that can provide the nutrients for a good nutrition and other health beneficial compounds. the aim of this work was to determine the chemical composition of native foods of the andean region and to quantify some functional com-ponents. proximal composition, vitamin c, total phenolic compounds, antiradical activity (dpph) in peel and pulp, dietary fiber soluble and insoluble, fructooligosaccharides (fos), total and resistant starch (in tubers and raw roo ...201425799690
large-scale snp discovery through rna sequencing and snp genotyping by targeted enrichment sequencing in cassava (manihot esculenta crantz).cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is one of the most important crop species being the main source of dietary energy in several countries. marker-assisted selection has become an essential tool in plant breeding. single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) discovery via transcriptome sequencing is an attractive strategy for genome complexity reduction in organisms with large genomes. we sequenced the transcriptome of 16 cassava accessions using the illumina hiseq platform and identified 675,559 est-der ...201425551642
cassava (manihot esculenta krantz) genome harbors knox genes differentially expressed during storage root development.in plants, homeodomain proteins play a critical role in regulating various aspects of plant growth and development. knox proteins are members of the homeodomain protein family. the knox transcription factors have been reported from arabidopsis, rice, and other higher plants. the recent publication of the draft genome sequence of cassava (manihot esculenta krantz) has allowed a genome-wide search for m. esculenta knox (meknox) transcription factors and the comparison of these positively identifie ...201425526192
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