Publications

[degradation of machine oil by nocardiform bacteria].	gas liquid chromatography (glc) was used for the first time to screen for machine oil-degrading microorganisms. oil degradation was evaluated from the microorganism respiratory activity during the utilization of oil as the sole carbon and energy source. the results are consistent with those obtained by the conventional weighing method. substrate specificity of the active strains with respect to different machine oils was studied. bacterial communities exhibited the highest activity, whereas a rh ...	2001	11450453
a synthetic analogue of the active site of fe-containing nitrile hydratase with carboxamido n and thiolato s as donors: synthesis, structure, and reactivities.	as part of our work on models of the iron(iii) site of fe-containing nitrile hydratase, a designed ligand pypsh(4) with two carboxamide and two thiolate donor groups has been synthesized. reaction of (et(4)n)[fecl(4)] with the deprotonated form of the ligand in dmf affords the mononuclear iron(iii) complex (et(4)n)[fe(iii)(pyps)] (1) in high yield. the iron(iii) center is in a trigonal bipyramidal geometry with two deprotonated carboxamido nitrogens, one pyridine nitrogen, and two thiolato sulfu ...	2001	11457060
identification and mutagenesis by allelic exchange of choe, encoding a cholesterol oxidase from the intracellular pathogen rhodococcus equi.	the virulence mechanisms of the facultative intracellular parasite rhodococcus equi remain largely unknown. among the candidate virulence factors of this pathogenic actinomycete is a secreted cholesterol oxidase, a putative membrane-damaging toxin. we identified and characterized the gene encoding this enzyme, the choe monocistron. its protein product, choe, is homologous to other secreted cholesterol oxidases identified in brevibacterium sterolicum and streptomyces spp. choe also exhibits signi ...	2001	11466283
resolution of alcohols by cholesterol oxidase fromrrhodococcus erythropolis: lack of enantiospecificity for the steroids.		2001	11135412
genetic and biochemical characterization of a novel monoterpene epsilon-lactone hydrolase from rhodococcus erythropolis dcl14.	a monoterpene epsilon-lactone hydrolase (mlh) from rhodococcus erythropolis dcl14, catalyzing the ring opening of lactones which are formed during degradation of several monocyclic monoterpenes, including carvone and menthol, was purified to apparent homogeneity. it is a monomeric enzyme of 31 kda that is active with (4r)-4-isopropenyl-7-methyl-2-oxo-oxepanone and (6r)-6-isopropenyl-3-methyl-2-oxo-oxepanone, lactones derived from (4r)-dihydrocarvone, and 7-isopropyl-4-methyl-2-oxo-oxepanone, the ...	2001	11157238
virulence plasmid of rhodococcus equi contains inducible gene family encoding secreted proteins.	rhodococcus equi causes severe pyogranulomatous pneumonia in foals. this facultative intracellular pathogen produces similar lesions in immunocompromised humans, particularly in aids patients. virulent strains of r. equi bear a large plasmid that is required for intracellular survival within macrophages and for virulence in foals and mice. only two plasmid-encoded proteins have been described previously; a 15- to 17-kda surface protein designated virulence-associated protein a (vapa) and an anti ...	2001	11159951
comparative specificities of two evolutionarily divergent hydrolases involved in microbial degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls.	2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate (hopda) hydrolase (bphd) is a key determinant in the aerobic transformation of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) by burkholderia sp. strain lb400 (s. y. k. seah, g. labbé, s. nerdinger, m. johnson, v. snieckus, and l. d. eltis, j. biol. chem. 275:15701-15708, 2000). to determine whether this is also true in divergent biphenyl degraders, the homologous hydrolase of rhodococcus globerulus p6, bphd(p6), was hyperexpressed, purified to apparent homogeneity, a ...	2001	11160080
structure-activity relationship of mycoloyl glycolipids derived from rhodococcus sp. 4306.	novel mycoloyl glycolipids with short carbon chains were isolated and purified from rhodococcus sp. 4306, a soil origin of actinomycetales. their chemical structures were identified as trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (tdm), trehalose 6-monomycolate, glucose 6-monomycolate, mannose 6-monomycolate and fructose 6-monomycolate. the length of carbon chains and number of double bonds of mycolic acids were c(34), c(36)and c(38)saturated, monoenoic and dienoic molecular species, which were much shorter than t ...	2001	11162189
virulence-associated protein characterisation of rhodococcus equi isolated from bovine lymph nodes.	rhodococcus equi has a low pathogenicity in cattle, but it occasionally causes lymph node granulomas, which are detected at abattoir post mortem inspection, and must be distinguished from tuberculous granulomas. lymph node lesions were detected in 6719 cattle, from a total of 3,263,622 cattle examined post mortem in abattoirs, in the republic of ireland, during 1997 and 1998. histological examination was performed on all lesions, principally for the purpose of identifying animals with tuberculos ...	2001	11165066
characterization of the 450-kb linear plasmid in a polychlorinated biphenyl degrader, rhodococcus sp. strain rha1.	a strong polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) degrader, rhodococcus sp. strain rha1, has diverse biphenyl/pcb degradative genes and harbors huge linear plasmids, including prhl1 (1,100 kb), prhl2 (450 kb), and prhl3 (330 kb). the diverse degradative genes are distributed mainly on the prhl1 and prhl2 plasmids. in this study, the structural and functional characteristics of prhl2 were determined. we constructed a physical map of prhl2, and the degradative enzyme genes, including bphb2, etbd2, etbc, bph ...	2001	11319076
epidemiology of rhodococcus equi strains on thoroughbred horse farms.	pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of restriction endonuclease-digested genomic dna from a large collection of clinical isolates of rhodococcus equi, an important pathogen of foals, was used to compare strain distribution between farms and over time. forty-four strains were found among 209 isolates, with 5 of these accounting for over half the isolates and the 22 strains isolated more than once accounting for 90% of the isolates. the average genotypic diversity on each farm and in each year was fo ...	2001	11319096
purification and characterization of the enantioselective nitrile hydratase from rhodococcus equi a4.	the nitrile hydratase from rhodococcus equi a4 consisted of two kinds of subunits which slightly differed in molecular weight (both approximately 25 kda) and showed a significant similarity in the n-terminal amino acid sequences to those of the nitrile hydratase from rhodococcus sp. n-774. the enzyme preferentially hydrated the s-isomers of racemic 2-(2-, 4-methoxyphenyl)propionitrile, 2-(4-chlorophenyl)propionitrile and 2-(6-methoxynaphthyl)propionitrile (naproxennitrile) with e-values of 5-15. ...	2001	11330707
the plant pathogen rhodococcus fascians colonizes the exterior and interior of the aerial parts of plants.	rhodococcus fascians is a plant-pathogenic bacterium that causes malformations on aerial plant parts, whereby leafy galls occur at axillary meristems. the colonization behavior on nicotiana tabacum and arabidopsis thaliana plants was examined. independent of the infection methods, r. fascians extensively colonized the plant surface where the bacteria were surrounded by a slime layer. r. fascians caused the collapse of epidermal cells and penetrated intercellularly into the plant tissues. the ons ...	2001	11332724
bacterial symbiosis and paratransgenic control of vector-borne chagas disease.	the triatomine vectors of chagas disease are obligate haematophagous insects, feeding on vertebrate blood throughout their entire developmental cycle. as a result of obtaining their nutrition from a single food source, their diet is devoid of certain vitamins and nutrients. consequently, these insects harbour populations of bacterial symbionts within their intestinal tract, which provide the required nutrients that are lacking from their diet. we have isolated and characterised symbiont cultures ...	2001	11334952
kupffer cells of cirrhotic rat livers sensitize colon cancer cells to fas-mediated apoptosis.	metastasis of colorectal carcinomas rarely occurs in cirrhotic livers. our study investigated the influence of activated kupffer cells from cirrhotic rat livers on hepatic colonization and fasr-mediated apoptosis of colon cancer cells. a rat colon cancer cell line, rcn-9, was used to inoculate rat livers. treatment with conditioned media of kupffer cells isolated from ccl(4)-induced cirrhotic rat livers (cirrhotic kcm) significantly reduced the incidence of hepatic colonization of rcn-9 cells. i ...	2001	11336480
[bacteria--degraders of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, isolated from soil and bottom sediments in salt-mining areas].	fifteen bacterial strains capable of utilizing naphthalene, phenanthrene, and biphenyl as the sole sources of carbon and energy were isolated from soils and bottom sediments contaminated with waste products generated by chemical and salt producing plants. based on cultural, morphological, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, ten of these strains were identified as belonging to the genera rhodococcus, arthrobacter, bacillus, and pseudomonas. all ten strains were found to be halotolerant bacteria c ...	2001	11338839
long-term repeated biodesulfurization by immobilized rhodococcus erythropolis ka2-5-1 cells.	in this study, biodesulfurization (bds) was carried out using immobilized rhodococcus erythropolis ka2-5-1 in n-tetradecane containing dibenzothiophene (dbt) as a model oil (n-tetradecane/immobilized cell biphasic system). the cells were immobilized by entrapping them with calcium alginate, agar, photo-crosslinkable resin prepolymers (ent-4000 and entp-4000), and urethane prepolymers (pu-3 and pu-6); and it was found that ent-4000-immobilized cells had the highest dbt desulfurization activity in ...	2001	11341322
protective effect of nocardia opaca lysozyme digest in experimental murine candida albicans infections.	candida albicans, as an opportunistic pathogen, causes therapeutic problems in immunocompetent individuals and frequently it initiates severe infections in immunocompromised hosts. the application of a lysozyme digest preparation from the cell walls of nocardia opaca (nocardia lysozyme digest; nld), recently classified as rhodococcus opacus, has a protective effect in intravenous (i.v.) c. albicans infections in inbred icr mice which have normal complement production. it also significantly reduc ...	2001	11346272
development of a rhodococcus recombinant strain for degradation of products from anaerobic dechlorination of pcbs.	the gram-positive bacterium rhodococcus sp. strain rha1, naturally containing the biphenyl pathway, was electroporated with a broad host range plasmid containing the 4-chlorobenzoate (4-cba) degradation operon (fcb) isolated from arthrobacter globiformis strain kzt1. the recombinant strain grew in medium containing 4-cba and 4-chlorobiphenyl (4-cb) as the only source of carbon, with stoichiometric release of chloride and a molar growth yield on 4-cb that suggested utilization of both biphenyl ri ...	2001	11349275
influence of hexaconazole, carbofuran and ethion on soil microflora and dehydrogenase activities in soil and intact cell.	total microbial count was highly affected (up to 61% at 1000 micrograms level) in presence of hexaconazole and persisted up to 21 days. bacteria were more susceptible than actinomycetes. carbofuran and ethion were moderately toxic to soil microflora. inhibitory effects of all the three pesticides gradually decreased after 21 days as was evident by increase in total microbial count except in carbofuran. gdh activity in soil was also affected initially (up to 14 days) by all the three pesticides ( ...	2001	11349536
photo quiz. disseminated rhodocuccus equi infection.		2001	11349643
immunity to rhodococcus equi: antigen-specific recall responses in the lungs of adult horses.	rhodococcal pneumonia is an important disease of young horses that is not seen in immunocompetent adults. since all foals are normally exposed to rhodococcus equi in their environment, we hypothesized that most develop protective immune responses. furthermore, these antigen-specific responses were hypothesized to operate throughout adult life to prevent rhodococcal pneumonia. a better understanding of the mechanisms of immune clearance in adult horses would help define the requirements for an ef ...	2001	11356253
[assimilation of propane and properties of propan monooxygenase from rhodococcus erythropolis 3/89].	the ability of propane-assimilating microorganisms of the genus rhodococcus to utilize metabolites of the terminal and subterminal pathways of propane oxidation was studied. propane monooxygenase of rhodococcus erythropolis 3/89 was shown to be the an inducible enzyme catalyzing epoxidation and hydroxylation of organic compounds. the optimum conditions for epoxidation of gaseous and liquid alkenes and hydroxylation of aromatic carbohydrates were found.	2001	11357423
dehalogenation, denitration, dehydroxylation, and angular attack on substituted biphenyls and related compounds by a biphenyl dioxygenase.	the attack by the bph-encoded biphenyl dioxygenase of burkholderia sp. strain lb400 on a number of symmetrical ortho-substituted biphenyls or quasi ortho-substituted biphenyl analogues has been investigated. 2,2'-difluoro-, 2,2'-dibromo-, 2,2'-dinitro-, and 2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl were accepted as substrates. dioxygenation of all of these compounds showed a strong preference for the semisubstituted pair of vicinal ortho and meta carbons, leading to the formation of 2'-substituted 2,3-dihydroxybip ...	2001	11371517
cloning and expression of the benzoate dioxygenase genes from rhodococcus sp. strain 19070.	the bopxyz genes from the gram-positive bacterium rhodococcus sp. strain 19070 encode a broad-substrate-specific benzoate dioxygenase. expression of the bopxy terminal oxygenase enabled escherichia coli to convert benzoate or anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate) to a nonaromatic cis-diol or catechol, respectively. this expression system also rapidly transformed m-toluate (3-methylbenzoate) to an unidentified product. in contrast, 2-chlorobenzoate was not a good substrate. the bopxyz dioxygenase was ho ...	2001	11375157
complete denitration of nitroglycerin by bacteria isolated from a washwater soakaway.	four axenic bacterial species capable of biodegrading nitroglycerin (glycerol trinitrate [gtn]) were isolated from soil samples taken from a washwater soakaway at a disused gtn manufacturing plant. the isolates were identified by 16s rrna gene sequence homology as pseudomonas putida, an arthrobacter species, a klebsiella species, and a rhodococcus species. each of the isolates utilized gtn as its sole nitrogen source and removed nitro groups sequentially from gtn to produce glycerol dinitrates a ...	2001	11375172
the sinorhizobium meliloti nutrient-deprivation-induced tyrosine degradation gene hmga is controlled by a novel member of the arsr family of regulatory genes.	the regulation of the nutrient-deprivation-induced sinorhizobium meliloti homogentisate dioxygenase (hmga) gene, involved in tyrosine degradation, was examined. hmga expression was found to be independent of the canonical nitrogen regulation (ntr) system. to identify regulators of hmga, secondary mutagenesis of an s. meliloti strain harboring a hmga-luxab reporter gene fusion (n4) was carried out using transposon tn1721. two independent tn1721 insertions were found to be located in a positive re ...	2001	11375175
biotransformation of d-limonene to (+) trans-carveol by toluene-grown rhodococcus opacus pwd4 cells.	the toluene-degrading strain rhodococcus opacus pwd4 was found to hydroxylate d-limonene exclusively in the 6-position, yielding enantiomerically pure (+) trans-carveol and traces of (+) carvone. this biotransformation was studied using cells cultivated in chemostat culture with toluene as a carbon and energy source. the maximal specific activity of (+) trans-carveol formation was 14.7 u (g of cells [dry weight])(-1), and the final yield was 94 to 97%. toluene was found to be a strong competitiv ...	2001	11375201
is fatal rhodococcus equi pneumonia of foals only an infection acquired by the perinate?		2001	11380022
application of sartwell's model (lognormal distribution of incubation periods) to age at onset and age at death of foals with rhodococcus equi pneumonia as evidence of perinatal infection.	the distributions of the incubation periods for infectious and neoplastic diseases originating from point-source exposures, and for genetic diseases, follow a lognormal distribution (sartwell's model). conversely, incubation periods in propagated outbreaks and diseases with strong environmental components do not follow a lognormal distribution. in this study sartwell's model was applied to the age at onset and age at death of foals with rhodococcus equi pneumonia. the age at onset of clinical si ...	2001	11380023
analysis of bacterial community structure in sulfurous-oil-containing soils and detection of species carrying dibenzothiophene desulfurization (dsz) genes.	the selective effects of sulfur-containing hydrocarbons, with respect to changes in bacterial community structure and selection of desulfurizing organisms and genes, were studied in soil. samples taken from a polluted field soil (a) along a concentration gradient of sulfurous oil and from soil microcosms treated with dibenzothiophene (dbt)-containing petroleum (fsl soil) were analyzed. analyses included plate counts of total bacteria and of dbt utilizers, molecular community profiling via soil d ...	2001	11229891
purification, characterization, and overexpression of flavin reductase involved in dibenzothiophene desulfurization by rhodococcus erythropolis d-1.	the dibenzothiophene (dbt)-desulfurizing bacterium, rhodococcus erythropolis d-1, removes sulfur from dbt to form 2-hydroxybiphenyl using four enzymes, dszc, dsza, dszb, and flavin reductase. in this study, we purified and characterized the flavin reductase from r. erythropolis d-1 grown in a medium containing dbt as the sole source of sulfur. it is conceivable that the enzyme is essential for two monooxygenase (dszc and dsza) reactions in vivo. the purified flavin reductase contains no chromoge ...	2001	11229908
de novo cortical cell division triggered by the phytopathogen rhodococcus fascians in tobacco.	plant growth, development, and morphology can be affected by several environmental stimuli and by specific interactions with phytopathogens. in many cases, plants respond to pathogenic stimuli by adapting their hormone levels. here, the interaction between the phytopathogen rhodococcus fascians and one of its host plants, tobacco, was analyzed phenotypically and molecularly. to elucidate the basis of the cell division modulation and shoot primordia initiation caused by r. fascians, tobacco plant ...	2001	11204782
a taxonomic note on the authorship and date of valid publication of rhodococcus sputi.	authorship of the name rhodococcus sputi is variously attributed to tsukamura 1978 or tsukamura and yano 1985. dna-dna binding data indicate that this species and rhodococcus obuensis tsukamura 1983 and rhodococcus chubuensis tsukamura 1983 are subjective (heterotypic) synonyms. although these organisms have been placed in the genus gordonia as gordonia sputi, the correct name of the taxon created by unification of these three species is directly affected by the date of valid publication of thes ...	2001	11211266
a novel assay method for glycosphingolipid deacylase by enzyme-linked immunochemical detection of lysoglycosphingolipid.	lysoglycosphingolipids consist of a sphingoid long-chain base and monosaccharide or complex sugar, and they lack the fatty acyl group present in native glycosphingolipids. less than 1 pmol of lyso-forssman glycolipid and lysoganglioside gm1 were detected on a thin-layer chromatogram by an enzyme-linked immunochemical coloration method with anti-forssman glycolipid antibody (fom-1) and cholera toxin b subunit, respectively. each spot between 1 and 100 pmol lyso-forssman glycolipid was immunostain ...	2001	11214737
the desymmetrization of bicyclic beta -diketones by an enzymatic retro-claisen reaction. a new reaction of the crotonase superfamily.	the enzyme 6-oxocamphor hydrolase, which catalyzes the desymmetrization of 6-oxocamphor to yield (2r,4s)-alpha-campholinic acid, has been purified with a factor of 35.7 from a wild type strain of rhodococcus sp. ncimb 9784 grown on (1r)-(+)-camphor as the sole carbon source. the enzyme has a subunit molecular mass of 28,488 da by electrospray mass spectrometry and a native molecular mass of approximately 83,000 da indicating that the active protein is trimeric. the specific activity was determin ...	2001	11278926
long-range (1)h-(15)n heteronuclear shift correlation at natural abundance: a tool to study benzothiazole biodegradation by two rhodococcus strains.	the biodegradation of benzothiazole and 2-hydroxybenzothiazole by two strains of rhodococcus was monitored by reversed phase high-pressure liquid chromatography and by (1)h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr). both xenobiotics were biotransformed into a hydroxylated derivative of 2-hydroxybenzothiazole by these two strains. the chemical structure of this metabolite was determined by a new nmr methodology: long-range (1)h-(15)n heteronuclear shift correlation without any previous (15)n enrichment of ...	2001	11282584
succession of phenotypic, genotypic, and metabolic community characteristics during in vitro bioslurry treatment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated sediments.	dredged harbor sediment contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) was removed from the milwaukee confined disposal facility and examined for in situ biodegradative capacity. molecular techniques were used to determine the successional characteristics of the indigenous microbiota during a 4-month bioslurry evaluation. ester-linked phospholipid fatty acids (plfa), multiplex pcr of targeted genes, and radiorespirometry techniques were used to define in situ microbial phenotypic, gen ...	2001	11282603
deep desulfurization of extensively hydrodesulfurized middle distillate oil by rhodococcus sp. strain ecrd-1.	dibenzothiophene (dbt), and in particular substituted dbts, are resistant to hydrodesulfurization (hds) and can persist in fuels even after aggressive hds treatment. treatment by rhodococcus sp. strain ecrd-1 of a middle distillate oil whose sulfur content was virtually all substituted dbts produced extensive desulfurization and a sulfur level of 56 ppm.	2001	11282654
comparison of nucleic acid amplification, serology, and microbiologic culture for diagnosis of rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals.	recently, a technique was described for amplification of rhodococcus equi-specific chromosomal and vapa dna from blood and tracheal wash fluids. it was hypothesized that this technique would be more sensitive than standard culture techniques or serology for diagnosis of r. equi pneumonia in foals. tracheal wash fluid, nasal swabs, whole blood samples, and serum samples from 56 foals with pneumonia were analyzed. final clinical diagnosis was determined by the attending clinician on the basis of f ...	2001	11283043
tsukamurella strandjordae sp. nov., a proposed new species causing sepsis.	we have isolated a gram-positive, weakly acid-alcohol-fast, irregular rod-shaped bacterium from cultures of blood from a 5-year-old girl with acute myelogenous leukemia. this isolate was compared with 14 other strains including reference strains of tsukamurella species by a polyphasic approach based on physiological and biochemical properties, whole-cell short-chain fatty acid and mycolic acid analyses, dna-dna hybridization, and sequencing of the 16s rrna gene. this isolate represents a new tax ...	2001	11283073
b-cell epitope mapping of the vapa protein of rhodococcus equi: implications for early detection of r. equi disease in foals.	linear b-cell epitopes of the rhodococcus equi virulence-associated protein (vapa) were mapped using a synthetic peptide bank in this study. the peptides were screened in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with a total of 70 sera from foals with current r. equi disease (51 sera), as well as from foals that had either recovered from r. equi infection 10 months previously (3 sera) or that had no known history of r. equi disease (16 sera). an epitope with the sequence nlqkdepngra was iden ...	2001	11283104
dna shuffling method for generating highly recombined genes and evolved enzymes.	we introduce a method of in vitro recombination or "dna shuffling" to generate libraries of evolved enzymes. the approach relies on the ordering, trimming, and joining of randomly cleaved parental dna fragments annealed to a transient polynucleotide scaffold. we generated chimeric libraries averaging 14.0 crossovers per gene, a several-fold higher level of recombination than observed for other methods. we also observed an unprecedented four crossovers per gene in regions of 10 or fewer bases of ...	2001	11283594
fite stain positivity in rhodococcus equi: yet another acid-fast organism in respiratory cytology--a case report.	rhodococcus equi is an aerobic gram-positive and acid-fast coccobacillus that may cause cavitary pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts such as hiv-infected patients. numerous grocott's methenamine silver (gms)-positive organisms were initially noted on the direct smear; a minor number of acid-fast organisms were seen in the thin-prep slide. since the abundant mucous material with the attached organisms seen in conventional smears may be lost in liquid-based preparations, more sensitive stains suc ...	2001	11285619
fe-type nitrile hydratase.	the characteristic features of fe-type nitrile hydratase (nhase) from rhodococcus sp. n-771 are described. through the biochemical analyses, we have found that nitric oxide (no) regulates the photoreactivity of this enzyme by association with the non-heme iron center and photoinduced dissociation from it. the regulation is realized by a unique structure of the catalytic non-heme iron center composed of post-translationally modified cysteine-sulfinic (cys-so2h) and -sulfenic acids (cys-soh). to u ...	2001	11293544
microbial diversity in hot synthetic compost as revealed by pcr-amplified rrna sequences from cultivated isolates and extracted dna.	high-temperature (>/=60 degrees c) synthetic food waste compost was examined by cultivation-dependent and -independent methods to determine predominant microbial populations. fluorescent direct counts totaled 6.4 (+/-2.5)x10(10) cells gdw(-1) in a freeze-dried 74 degrees c compost sample, while plate counts for thermophilic heterotrophic aerobes averaged 2.6 (+/-1.0)x10(8) cfu gdw(-1). a pre-lysis cell fractionation method was developed to obtain community dna and a suite of 16s and 18s rdna-tar ...	2001	11295460
vitamin requirements of hydrocarbon-utilizing soil bacteria.	the numbers of oil-utilizing bacteria in several samples of clean and oil-polluted soils counted on vitamin-containing media were severalfold higher than the numbers counted on vitamin-free media. colonies that grew on a medium containing a vitamin mixture were tested for growth on the same medium lacking any vitamins. more than 90% of the total colonies failed to grow. the remaining 10% grew, yet their growth was enhanced, when vitamins were added. the predominant oil-utilizing bacteria in one ...	2001	11297361
improvement of desulfurization activity in rhodococcus erythropolis ka2-5-1 by genetic engineering.	rhodococcus erythropolis ka2-5-1 can desulfurize dibenzothiophene (dbt) into 2-hydroxybiphenyl. a cryptic plasmid, prc4, which was derived from r. rhodochrous ifo3338, was combined with an escherichia coli vector to construct an e. coli-rhodococcus shuttle vector. the complete nucleotide sequence of 2582-bp prc4 was analyzed. based on the characteristics of its putative replication genes, prc4 was assigned to the family of pal5000-related replicons. the desulfurization gene cluster, dszabc, and ...	2001	11302154
kinetic analysis of microbial desulfurization of model and light gas oils containing multiple alkyl dibenzothiophenes.	the reaction mechanism of biodesulfurization was investigated using whole cells of rhodococcus erythropolis ka2-5-1, which have the ability to convert dibenzothiophene (dbt) into 2-hydroxybiphenyl. the desulfurization patterns of alkyl dbts were represented by the michaeis-menten equation. the values of rate constants, the limiting maximal velocity (vmax) and michaelis constant (km), for desulfurization of alkyl dbts were calculated. the relative desulfurization activities of various alkyl dbts ...	2001	11302162
rapid immunohistochemical detection of rhodococcus equi in impression smears from affected foals on postmortem examination.	the first objective of this study was to develop an immunohistochemical procedure for rapid detection of rhodococcus equi in impression smears from affected organs of foals on postmortem examination. the second aim was to demonstrate whether r. equi can be detected in smears of tracheal exudates collected from the same foals using an immunohistochemical method. impression smears and cryostat and paraffin-embedded sections were made from the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes of three foals (a, b ...	2001	11846020
[alive microorganism in the workplace ambient air in plants disposing communal waste].	this paper presents the results of the identification and determination of alive microorganisms in the air samples collected from the breath zone of workers employed in the waste collection and disposal. samples were taken during waste collection and in the waste reloading, sorting and composting plants. in addition, samples were taken at stationary sites: in the city and inside flats. different kinds of species of gram-positive bacteria (micrococcus, staphylococcus, enterococcus, bacillus, list ...	2001	11828848
preparative isolation of lipid inclusions from rhodococcus opacus and rhodococcus ruber and identification of granule-associated proteins.	triacylglycerol granules synthesized and accumulated by rhodococcus opacus and rhodococcus ruber were isolated by glycerol density gradient centrifugation. whereas only one type of granule could be isolated from r. opacus, two types of granules with different specific densities were isolated from r. ruber. both types of r. ruber granules showed a similar content of triacylglycerols and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyvalerate), but the protein profiles of both types were significantly differ ...	2001	11797040
laboratory investigations of the survivability of bacteria in hypervelocity impacts.	it is now well established that material naturally moves around the solar system, even from planetary surface to planetary surface. accordingly, the idea that life is distributed throughout space and did not necessarily originate on the earth but migrated here from elsewhere (panspermia) is increasingly deemed worthy of consideration. if life arrived at the earth from space, its relative speed will typically be of order many km s-1, and the resulting collision with the earth and its atmosphere w ...	2001	11803976
metabolic engineering of indene bioconversion in rhodococcus sp.	we have applied the methodology of metabolic engineering in the investigation of the enzymatic bioreaction network in rhodococcus sp. that catalyzes the bioconversion of indene to (2r)-indandiol suitable for the synthesis of cis-1-amino-2-indanol, a precursor of the hiv protease inhibitor, crixivan. a chemostat with a novel indene air delivery system was developed to facilitate the study of steady state physiology of rhodococcus sp. 124. prolonged cultivation of this organism in a continuous flo ...	2001	11816813
dna-based and culture-based characterization of a hydrocarbon-degrading consortium enriched from arctic soil.	a hydrocarbon-degrading consortium was enriched from fuel-contaminated soil from the northeastern tip of ellesmere island (82 degrees 30'n, 62 degrees 19'w). the enrichment culture was grown on jet a-1 fuel at 7 degrees c. bacterial 16s rna gene (rdna) fragments were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) from members of the above consortium and cloned into a plasmid vector. partial sequences (approximately 500 bp) were determined for 29 randomly selected rdna clones. the majority of seque ...	2001	11822837
rhodococcus equi and cytomegalovirus pneumonia in a renal transplant patient: diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration biopsy.	rhodococcus equi is a common cause of pneumonia in animals. human infection is rare. increasing number of cases are being reported in immunosuppressed individuals mostly associated with hiv infection, but also in solid organ transplant recipients and leukemia/lymphoma patients. we report on an adult male who developed pneumonia and gastroenteritis 4 mo after receiving a renal transplant. ct scan of the lungs showed a dominant 2.5-cm upper lobe lung mass and smaller bilateral nodules. he underwen ...	2001	11169894
rhodococcus equi infections in immunocompetent hosts: case report and review.	rhodococcus equi is an unusual cause of infection in humans. infection in immunocompetent patients is extremely rare-only 19 cases in immunocompetent hosts have been reported. localized infections represent nearly 50% of reported cases. pulmonary infections account for only 42% of infections in immunocompetent hosts, compared with 84% of infections in immunocompromised hosts. the mortality rate among immunocompetent patients is approximately 11%, compared with rates of 50%-55% among human immuno ...	2001	11170969
[effect of the media salinity on destruction of petroleum oils by nocardioform bacteria].	oil degradation by cultures of rhodococcus erythropolis and dietzia maris was found to depend on the nacl concentration in the medium. optimal utilization of turbine oil by r. erythropolis and d. maris was observed at 0.5 and 2 to 5% nacl concentration, respectively. mineral oil and a mixture of paraffins (c14-c18) were utilized within a broader range of the medium salinity. as shown by fluorescent microscopy, d. maris colonies formed on the oil drop surface, whereas r. erythropolis cells penetr ...	2001	11785132
unmarked gene deletion mutagenesis of kstd, encoding 3-ketosteroid delta1-dehydrogenase, in rhodococcus erythropolis sq1 using sacb as counter-selectable marker.	this paper reports the first method for the construction of unmarked gene deletion mutants in the genus rhodococcus. unmarked deletion of the kstd gene, encoding 3-ketosteroid delta1-dehydrogenase (kstd1) in rhodococcus erythropolis sq1, was achieved using the sacb counter-selection system. conjugative mobilization of the mutagenic plasmid from escherichia coli s17-1 to r. erythropolis strain sq1 was used to avoid its random genomic integration. the kstd gene deletion mutant, designated strain r ...	2001	11750802
random insertion mutagenesis of the intracellular pathogen rhodococcus equi using transposomes.	the identification of virulence factors in rhodococcus equi has been severely hampered by the lack of a method for in vivo random insertion mutagenesis. this study reports the use of transposomes to generate random insertions of a gene conferring kanamycin resistance into the genome of r. equi atcc 33701. southern hybridisation using the kanamycin resistance gene as probe showed that insertion of transposome is random. this was confirmed following nucleotide sequence analysis of the junction bet ...	2001	11750810
physiology, biochemistry and taxonomy of deep-sea nitrile metabolising rhodococcus strains.	a collection of nitrile-hydrolysing rhodococci was isolated from sediments sampled from a range of deep coastal, and abyssal and hadal trench sites in the nw pacific ocean, as part of our programme on the diversity of marine actinomycetes. nitrile-hydrolysing strains were obtained by batch enrichments on nitrile substrates with or without dispersion and differential centrifugation pre-treatment of sediments, and were recovered from all of the depths sampled (approximately 1100-6500 m). two isola ...	2001	11759050
desulfurization and desulfonation: applications of sulfur-controlled gene expression in bacteria.	inorganic sulfate is the preferred sulfur source for the growth of most microorganisms but, in its absence, many organosulfur compounds can be degraded microbially to provide sulfur. desulfurization of dibenzothiophene (dbt) by rhodococcus sp. and of aromatic sulfonates by pseudomonas sp. has considerable biotechnological potential. both these pathways require non-flavin-containing fmnh2-dependent monoxygenases (dszc/dsza and ssud, respectively). fmnh2 is provided from the freely diffusible fmnh ...	2001	11762590
degradation of aroclor 1242 in a single-stage coupled anaerobic/aerobic bioreactor.	degradation of aroclor 1242 was studied in granular biofilm reactors with limited aeration. an aerobic biphenyl degrader, rhodococcus sp. m5, was used to supplement a natural bacterial population present in a "bioaugmented" reactor, while the "non-bioaugmented" reactor only contained natural granular sludge. the bioaugmentation, however appeared to have no effect on the reactor performance. aroclor measurements showed its disappearance in both reactors with only 16-19% of aroclor recovered from ...	2001	11763034
pharmacokinetics of azithromycin and concentration in body fluids and bronchoalveolar cells in foals.	to determine the pharmacokinetics of azithromycin and its concentration in body fluids and bronchoalveolar lavage cells in foals.	2001	11763173
[formation of artificial nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with rape (brassica napus var. napus) plants in nonsterile soil].	the treatment of rape plants grown in nonsterile soil with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (auxin-like growth-promoting substance) or their inoculation with the bacterial association micrococcus sp. + rhodococcus sp. and/or with the mixed nitrogen-fixing culture azotobacter nigricans + bacillus sp. led to the formation of paranodules on the rape roots. the introduced bacteria were detected both in the intercellular space and inside the cells of the paranodules and the rape roots. the nitrogen-fix ...	2001	11763792
structure-specificity relationships for haloalkane dehalogenases.	a structural analysis of the substrate specificity of hydrolytic dehalogenases originating from three different bacterial isolates has been performed using the multiple computer-automated structure evaluation methodology. this methodology identifies structural fragments in substrate molecules that either activate or deactivate biological processes. the analysis presented in this contribution is based on newly measured dehalogenation data combined with data from the literature (91 substrates). th ...	2001	11764149
studies on composition and stability of a large membered bacterial consortium degrading phenol.	a ten member microbial consortium (as) consisting of eight phenol-degrading and two non-phenol-degrading strains of bacteria was developed and maintained in a fed-batch reactor by feeding 500 mg l(-1) phenol for four years at 28 +/- 3 degrees c. the consortium could degrade 99% of 500 mg l(-1) phenol after 24 hours incubation with a biomass increase of 2.6 x 10(7) to 4 x 10(12) cfu ml(-1). characterization of the members revealed that it consisted of 4 principal genera, bacillus, pseudomonas, rh ...	2001	11770846
[soft-tissue abscess caused by rhodococcus equi in a patient on hemodialysis].		2001	11881436
[the application of genetic engineering to the petroleum biodesulfurization].	the developed course and reaction mechanisms of petroleum biodesulfurization were introduced. the recent development of genetic engineering technology, which used in desulfuration strain's construction, reconstruction and other fields, was summarized emphatically. its current research situation internal and overseas and the developing prospect were simply analyzed, and our research designs were submitted.	2001	11910751
detection of antibodies against rhodococcus equi in alpaca (lama pacos) in italy.	after isolating the two virulent strains of rhodococcus equi from alpaca, a serological survey of rhodococcus equi infection was carried out on 57 blood samples of alpaca collected in central italy. the survey was performed with an elisa test using a reference r. equi strain as antigen (atcc 33701). four (7.0%) sera (od greater or equal to 0.3) tested positive, while five (8.77%) were considered doubtful (od between 0.2 and 0.3). this is the first serological survey of r. equi infection in alpac ...	2001	12380719
isobutylidenediurea degradation by rhodococcus erythropolis.	a new enzyme (isobutylidenediurea amidinohydrolase) catalyzing the hydrolysis of isobutylidenediurea (a condensation product of urea and isobutyraldehyde widely used as a slow-release nitrogeneous fertilizer) was characterized from a strain of rhodococcus erythropolis. the enzyme was purified 1,250-fold to apparent homogeneity and shown to hydrolyze the fertilizer to urea and isobutyraldehyde at a molar ratio of 2: 1. no activity was observed with ureido- or other structurally related compounds. ...	2001	11995825
[progress of biodesulfurization].		2001	12552818
dissemination of catabolic plasmids among desiccation-tolerant bacteria in soil microcosms.	the dissemination of catabolic plasmids was compared to bioaugmentation by strain inoculation in microcosm experiments. when rhodococcus erythropolis strain t902, bearing a plasmid with trichloroethene and isopropylbenzene degradation pathways, was used as the inoculum, no transconjugant was isolated but the strain remained in the soil. this plasmid had a narrow host range. pseudomonas putida strain c8s3 was used as the inoculum in a second approach. it bore a broad host range conjugative plasmi ...	2001	11963851
microbiological transformation of benzene into phenol by cultured rhodococcus erythropolis 3/89 cells.		2001	12918356
biodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene and its derivatives through the selective cleavage of carbon-sulfur bonds by a moderately thermophilic bacterium bacillus subtilis wu-s2b.	heterocyclic organosulfur compounds such as dibenzothiophene (dbt) in petroleum cannot be completely removed by hydrodesulfurization using chemical catalysts. a moderately thermophilic bacterium bacillus subtilis wu-s2b, which could desulfurize dbt at 50 degrees c through the selective cleavage of carbon-sulfur (cs) bonds, was newly isolated. at 50 degrees c, growing cells of wu-s2b could degrade 0.54 mm dbt within 120 h to produce 2-hydroxybiphenyl, and the resting cells could also degrade 0.81 ...	2001	16232986
selective cleavage of the two cs bonds in asymmetrically alkylated dibenzothiophenes by rhodococcus erythropolis ka2-5-1.	the rhodococcus erythropolis strain ka2-5-1 was characterized by its ability to cleave carbon-sulfur bonds in the dibenzothiophene (dbt) ring by asymmetrically alkyl substitution, such as c2-dbts (e.g., dimethyl and ethyl dbts) and c3-dbts (e.g., trimethyl and propyl dbts), which are known to remain in hydrodesulfurization-treated diesel fuels. after treatment by solid-phase extraction (spe) of solvents from microbial reactions of alkylated dbts (cx-dbts), we used gas chromatography (gc), gc-ato ...	2001	16233063
metabolism of dibenzo-p-dioxin and chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin by a gram-positive bacterium, rhodococcus opacus sao101.	a dibenzo-p-dioxin-degrading bacterial strain, rhodococcus opacus sao101, was isolated from forest soil samples collected from the subtropical islands of japan by enrichment of a mineral salt medium containing dibenzofuran as the sole carbon and energy source. the isolated bacterium could utilize dibenzo-p-dioxin as the sole carbon and energy source, and also many monocyclic aromatic compounds, such as toluene, phenol, and chlorobenzene, as well as bicyclic aromatic compounds, such as biphenyl, ...	2001	16233073
desulfurization characteristics of thermophilic paenibacillus sp. strain a11-2 against asymmetrically alkylated dibenzothiophenes.	the thermophilic bacterium paenibacillus sp. a11-2, which can utilize dibenzothiophene (dbt) as the sole sulfur source at high temperature (45-55 degrees c), was investigated for its ability to cleave carbon-sulfur bonds in the dibenzothiophene (dbt) ring with asymmetrical alkyl substitution, such as methyl, dimethyl, trimethyl, ethyl and propyl dbts. the biodesulfurization products of each of these alkylated dbts (cx-dbts) were identified and quantitatively determined. the results suggested tha ...	2001	16233084
production of anti-gordonia amarae mycolic acid polyclonal antibody for detection of mycolic acid-containing bacteria in activated sludge foam.	mycolic acid-containing actinomycetes (mycolata) are considered the causative agents of foaming of activated sludge and scum formation in activated sludge treatment plants. in this study, the production of anti-gordonia amarae mycolic acid polyclonal antibodies was investigated. rabbits were immunized with a conjugate of keyhole limpet hemocyanin and mycolic acids of g. amarae, which contained 48 to 56 carbon atoms (average, 52.0). enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) demonstrated that the ...	2001	16233121
diversity of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase genes in a strong pcb degrader, rhodococcus sp. strain rha1.	two 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl (23dhbp) dioxygenase genes, bphc1 and etbc involved in the degradation of polychlorinated biphenyl(s) (pcbs) have been isolated and characterized from a strong pcb degrader, rhodococcus sp. rha1. in this study, four new 23dhbp dioxygenase genes, designated as bphc2, bphc3, bphc4, and bphc5 were isolated from rha1, and their nucleotide sequences were determined. based on amino acid sequence similarities, all of the newly isolated bphc genes could be categorized into type ...	2002	16233225
difference in degrading p-nitrophenol between indigenous bacteria in a reactor.	p-nitrophenol (pnp) -degrading bacteria were isolated from a reactor using a mineral salt medium containing a low and high pnp concentration. we isolated two bacterial species, pseudomonas sp. ytk17 and rhodococcus opacus ytk32, that utilize pnp as their sole source of carbon and energy. these strains exhibited differences in pnp degradation activity in relation to pnp concentration. strain ytk17 showed a high level of degradation following pre-exposure to a low pnp concentration, whereas strain ...	2002	16233242
enhancement and stabilization of desulfurization activity of rhodococcus erythropolis ka2-5-1 by feeding ethanol and sulfur components.	we developed a fed-batch culture system fed with ethanol and restricted amounts of sulfur compounds to enhance and stabilize the desulfurizing activity in bacterial cells. in this system using dibenzothiophene (dbt) as the sole sulfur source, a desulfurizing bacterium rhodococcus erythropolis ka2-5-1 cultivated with small amounts of sulfur showed stable desulfurizing activity and a low rate of growth. however, the cells cultured with excess amounts of sulfur showed unstable activity and a high g ...	2002	16233332
biodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene with rhodococcus erythropolis atcc 53968 and its mutant in an interface bioreactor.	an interface bioreactor was used in the biodesulfurization (bds) of dibenzothiophene (dbt) with rhodococcus erythropolis atcc 53968. although this strain could efficiently degrade dbt to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-hbp), the microbial film peeled off from the surface of the carrier (agar plate) to an organic phase (dodecane or tetradecane). to overcome this problem, a uv mutant, which strongly adhered to the carrier surface, was obtained by a new screening method. the best uv mutant (um-021) could effi ...	2002	16233336
association of pneumonia in foals caused by rhodococcus equi with farm soil geochemistry.	to quantify and compare geochemical factors in surface soils from horse-breeding farms with horses with pneumonia caused by rhodococcus equi (affected farms) and horse-breeding farms with no history of pneumonia caused by r equi (unaffected farms).	2002	16206788
evaluation of a commercially available hyperimmune plasma product for prevention of naturally acquired pneumonia caused by rhodococcus equi in foals.	to determine efficacy of a commercially available hyperimmune plasma product for prevention of naturally acquired pneumonia caused by rhodococcus equi in foals.	2002	12680449
scale-down studies on the hydrodynamics of two-liquid phase biocatalytic reactors.	the maintenance of constant interfacial area per unit volume is a key parameter for the successful scale-up of two-liquid phase bioconversion processes. to date, however, there is little published information on the hydrodynamics of such systems and a suitable basis for scale-up has yet to be defined and verified. here we report power input and hydrodynamic data for a whole-cell bioconversion process using resting cells of rhodococcus r312 to catalyse the hydration of a poorly water-soluble subs ...	2002	14508672
[laryngeal infection by rhodococcus equi in patient with aids].	the rhodococcus equi is an aerobic gram positive pleomorphic bacillus, that was isolated for the first time like a producer of bronchopneumonia in young horses. every time more often, it is being recognized as a pathogen in humans, mainly in the immunodepressed population. we described a case, until now exceptional, of laryngeal infection by rhodococcus equi in a patient with positive serology for the virus of the human immunodeficiency (hiv), and we reviewed some clinical and epidemiological ch ...	2002	12658846
biodegradation of plasticizers by rhodococcus rhodochrous.	rhodococcus rhodochrous was grown in the presence of one of three plasticizers: bis 2-ethylhexyl adipate (beha), dioctyl phthalate (dop) or dioctyl terephthalate (dotp). none of the plasticizers were degraded unless another carbon source, such as hexadecane, was also present. when r. rhodochrous was grown with hexadecane as a co-substrate, beha was completely degraded and the dop was degraded slightly. about half of the dotp was degraded, if hexadecane were present. in all of these growth studie ...	2002	12688586
[image of the month. pulmonary malacoplakia due to rhodococcus equi in a patient with aids].		2002	12564097
researchers wrestle with spread and control of emerging infections.		2002	11966362
development of symbionts in triatomine bugs and the effects of infections with trypanosomatids.	in the intestinal tract of fifth instars of the hematophagous reduviid bugs rhodnius prolixus and triatoma infestans blood ingestion induced an initial decrease of the concentration of the respective symbiotic bacteria rhodococcus rhodnii and nocardia sp. and then within 10 days a 15- or 18-fold increase of the total population/bug to about 0.8 x 10(9) colony-forming units in r. prolixus and 1.8 x 10(9) colony-forming units in t. infestans. about 95-99% of the total populations of both symbionts ...	2002	11971650
extracellular polysaccharides of rhodococcus rhodochrous s-2 stimulate the degradation of aromatic components in crude oil by indigenous marine bacteria.	rhodococcus rhodochrous s-2 produces extracellular polysaccharides (s-2 eps) containing d-glucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, and lipids, which is important to the tolerance of this strain to an aromatic fraction of (af) arabian light crude oil (n. iwabuchi, n. sunairi, h. anzai, m. nakajima, and s. harayama, appl. environ. microbiol. 66:5073-5077, 2000). in the present study, we examined the effects of s-2 eps on the growth of indigenous marine bacteria on af. indigenous bacteri ...	2002	11976106
rhodococcus equi: an emerging pathogen.	more than 100 cases of rhodococcus equi infection have been reported since the first description of human disease caused by this organism. the vast majority of patients infected with r. equi are immunocompromised, and two-thirds have human immunodeficiency virus infection. the clinical manifestations of r. equi infection are diverse, although 80% of patients have some pulmonary involvement. the organism is easily cultured from specimens of infected tissue or body fluid, but it may be misdiagnose ...	2002	11981734
cell surface hydrophobicity and mycolic acid composition of rhodococcus strains isolated from activated sludge foam.	the bacteria causing foaming in activated sludge plants are considered to be hydrophobic, and their hydrophobicity is assumed to be a crucial factor in their foam-forming ability. this study showed no consistent relationship between cell surface hydrophobicity (csh), as determined by microbial adherence to hydrocarbons, of three rhodococcus spp. isolated from activated sludge foam and their ability to produce a stable foam. there also appeared to be no correlation between the mycolic acid compos ...	2002	11986930
identification of phenyldecanoic acid as a constituent of triacylglycerols and wax ester produced by rhodococcus opacus pd630.	phenyldecane supported growth and lipid accumulation of rhodococcus opacus pd630 during cultivation under nitrogen-limiting conditions. the results of this study suggested that the hydrocarbon phenyldecane was degraded by monoterminal oxidation, followed by beta-oxidation of the alkyl side-chain to phenylacetic acid, and by an additional degradative route for the oxidation of the latter to intermediates of the central metabolism. alpha-oxidation of phenyldecanoic acid also occurred to some exten ...	2002	11988514
intraspecific diversity of brevibacterium linens, corynebacterium glutamicum and rhodococcus erythropolis based on partial 16s rdna sequence analysis and fourier-transform infrared (ft-ir) spectroscopy.	the intraspecific diversity of 31 strains of brevibacterium linens, 27 strains of corynebacterium glutamicum and 29 strains of rhodococcus erythropolis was determined by partial 16s rdna sequence analysis and fourier-transform infrared (ft-ir) spectroscopy. as a prerequisite for the analyses, 27 strains derived from culture collections which had carried invalid or wrong species designations were reclassified in accordance with polyphasic taxonomical data. ft-ir spectroscopy proved to be a rapid ...	2002	11988527
formation and resuscitation of "non-culturable" cells of rhodococcus rhodochrous and mycobacterium tuberculosis in prolonged stationary phase.	after growth of rhodococcus rhodochrous in sauton's medium, and further incubation for about 60 h in stationary phase, there was a transient (up to 5 log) decrease in the c.f.u. count, whereas the total count remained similar to its initial value. at the point of minimal viability, the most probable number (mpn) count was 10 times greater than the c.f.u. count. this difference was further magnified by 3-4 logs (giving values close to the total count) by incorporating supernatant taken from growi ...	2002	11988533
microbial surfactants and their use in field studies of soil remediation.		2002	12452947
crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of naphthalene dioxygenase from rhodococcus sp. strain ncimb 12038.	the three-component naphthalene dioxygenase (ndo) enzyme system carries out the first step in the aerobic degradation of naphthalene to (+)-cis-(1r,2s)-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene by rhodococcus sp. strain ncimb 12038. the terminal oxygenase component (naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase) that catalyzes this reaction belongs to the aromatic ring hydroxylating dioxygenase family and has been crystallized. these enzymes utilize a mononuclear non-heme iron centre to catalyze the addition of dioxygen t ...	2002	12454491
serum amyloid a (saa) as an aid in the management of infectious disease in the foal: comparison with total leucocyte count, neutrophil count and fibrinogen.	differentiation between infectious and noninfectious disease and rapid initiation of accurate treatment are essential in managing diseases in the neonatal and young foal. identification of useful inflammatory markers for these purposes is, therefore, of great importance. the aim of this study was to compare the responses of the acute phase protein serum amyloid a (saa) with the responses of fibrinogen and total leucocyte and neutrophil counts in infectious diseases encountered in the young foal, ...	2002	12455840