Publications

[effects of heavy charged particles on strains of microorganisms-producers of biologically active substances].	effects of heavy charged particles on strains of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. kurstaki z-52 and arthrobacter oc-1 have been studied. evidence was obtained that heavy charged particles impact the morphologocultural and physiological properties of culture. as noted, the conditions of orbital flight may be considered a source of mutagenic effects on cultures of microorganisms.	2000	11816408
change in receptor-binding specificity of recent human influenza a viruses (h3n2): a single amino acid change in hemagglutinin altered its recognition of sialyloligosaccharides.	human h3n2 influenza a viruses were known to preferentially bind to sialic acid (sa) in alpha2,6gal linkage on red blood cells (rbc). however, h3n2 viruses isolated in mdck cells after 1992 did not agglutinate chicken rbc (crbc). experiments with point-mutated hemagglutinin (ha) of a/aichi/51/92, one of these viruses, revealed that an amino acid change from glu to asp at position 190 (e190d) was responsible for the loss of ability to bind to crbc. a/aichi/51/92 did not agglutinate crbc treated w ...	2000	11118381
trypsin inhibitory activity of bovine fetuin de-o-glycosylated by endo-alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidase.	the effects of bovine fetuin o-glycans on its trypsin inhibitory activity were examined. de-sialylated (asialo-) and de-o-glycosylated fetuin were prepared from native fetuin using arthrobacter neuraminidase and the mixture of it and bacillus endo-alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidase, respectively. de-sialylation and de-o-glycosylation from fetuin were confirmed with sds-page followed by western blotting using anti-human thomsen-friedenreich antigen (t antigen) antibody which recognizes o-linked gala ...	2000	11129611
cystite formation of arthrobacter ureafaciens nric 0157(t).	the cystite formation of arthrobacter ureafaciens nric 0157(t) was studied by the use of a newly designed ct medium composed of 2.0% d-glucose, 0.28% nh(4)h(2)po(4), 0.136% k(2)hpo(4) 0.136% kh(2)po(4), 0.0005% mgso(4).7h(2)o, and 0.0007% cacl(2).2h(2)o. cystites are drumstick-shaped and oval cells and are larger than vegetative cells. cystites are gram-negative, whereas vegetative cells are gram-positive by the koh reaction. the concentration and ratio of k(+) and mg(2+) in ct medium mainly aff ...	2000	12483589
metabolism of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane by arthrobacter citreus strain bi-100: identification of metabolites.	growth characteristics of the aerobic bacterial strain arthrobacter citreus bi-100 in mineral salts medium with gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-hch) as the sole source of carbon and degradation of gamma-hch by the strain are reported. the highest yield of the bacteria is observed at a gamma-hch concentration of 100 mg/l. at this concentration, the bacteria entered the exponential phase of growth without any lag. at 8 h of growth, no residual hch, but its metabolites, was detectable in the med ...	2000	12483592
phylogenetic and phenotypic diversity of 4-chlorobenzoate-degrading bacteria isolated from soils.	twenty numerically dominant 4-chlorobenzoate (4-cba)-degrading bacteria were isolated from agricultural soils. the isolates were able to utilize 4-cba as a sole source of carbon and energy. a total of 65% of the isolates was identified to the species level by fatty acid methyl ester (fame) analysis, and the isolates were strains of micrococcus, pseudomonas, oerskovia, cellulomonas, and arthrobacter species. the chromosomal dna patterns of the isolates obtained by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) ...	2000	10620719
synthesis of neoglycoenzymes with homogeneous n-linked oligosaccharides using immobilized endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase a.	a procedure for the enzymatic synthesis of neoglycoenzymes is described. the gene encoding endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase from arthrobacter protophormiae (endo-a) was overexpressed in escherichia coli as a fusion protein linked to glutathione s-transferase (gst). gst-endo-a fusion was extracted as a soluble protein. the fusion protein was purified to homogeneity with glutathione-sepharose 4b and showed transglycosylation activity toward high-mannose-type glycopeptides without removing the gst ...	2000	10623587
degradation of o-nitrobenzoate via anthranilic acid (o-aminobenzoate) by arthrobacter protophormiae: a plasmid-encoded new pathway.	an arthrobacter protophormiae strain rkj100, isolated by selective enrichment, was capable of utilizing o-nitrobenzoate (onb(+)) as the sole carbon, nitrogen, and energy source. the degradation of onb proceeds through an oxygen insensitive reductive route as shown by the release of ammonia in the culture medium aerobically rather than nitrite ions. thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the intermediates have shown that onb is degraded by a two ...	2000	10623604
humus bacteria of norway spruce stands: plant growth promoting properties and birch, red fescue and alder colonizing capacity.	we studied the potential of the humus layer of the norway spruce stands to supply beneficial rhizobacteria to birch (betula pendula), alder (alnus incana) and fescue grass (festuca rubra), representatives of pioneer vegetation after clear-cutting of the coniferous forest. axenically grown seedlings of these species were inoculated with the acid spruce humus, ph 3.7-5.3. actinorhizal propagules, capable of nodulating alder, were present in high density (10(3) g(-1)) in humus of long-term limed pl ...	2000	10640667
plasmid-encoded degradation of p-nitrophenol and 4-nitrocatechol by arthrobacter protophormiae.	arthrobacter protophormiae strain rkj100 is capable of utilizing p-nitrophenol (pnp) as well as 4-nitrocatechol (nc) as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energy. the degradation of pnp and nc by this microorganism takes place through an oxidative route, as stoichiometry of nitrite molecules was observed when the strain was grown on pnp or nc as sole carbon and energy sources. the degradative pathways of pnp and nc were elucidated on the basis of enzyme assays and chemical characterization ...	2000	10772893
structural analysis of the elongation factor g protein from the low-temperature-adapted bacterium arthrobacter globiformis si55.	the first structural analysis of elongation factor g (ef-g) from a cold-adapted bacterium is presented. ef-g is an essential protein involved in the elongation process during protein synthesis and is therefore thought to play a crucial role in the low-temperature adaptation of cold-adapted microorganisms. to define its importance, the ef-g gene (fus) from the psychrotolerant bacterium arthrobacter globiformis si55 was cloned and sequenced. the deduced primary structure of the elongation factor i ...	2000	10805567
identification of arthrobacter oxydans, arthrobacter luteolus sp. nov., and arthrobacter albus sp. nov., isolated from human clinical specimens.	five arthrobacter isolates from clinical specimens were studied by phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genetic characterization. two strains had characteristics consistent with those of arthrobacter oxydans. one strain was related to a. citreus; however, dna-dna hybridization and phenotypic characteristics indicated that this strain belongs to a new species, for which the name arthrobacter luteolus sp. nov. is proposed. two strains were closely related to a. cumminsii by 16s rrna gene sequencing, bu ...	2000	10835019
purification and characterization of a novel dna repair enzyme from the extremely radioresistant bacterium rubrobacter radiotolerans.	rubrobacter radiotolerans is an extremely radioresistant bacterium. it exhibits higher resistance than the well-known radioresistant bacterium deinococcus radiodurans, but the molecular mechanisms responsible for the radio-resistance of r. radiotolerans remain unknown. in the present study, we have demonstrated the presence of a novel dna repair enzyme in r. radiotolerans cells that recognizes radiation-induced dna damages such as thymine glycol, urea residues, and abasic sites. the enzyme was p ...	2000	10838807
phylogenetic and physiological diversity of arthrobacter strains isolated from unconsolidated subsurface sediments.	forty strains of gram-positive, aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria isolated from saturated subsurface lacustrine, paleosol and fluvial sediments at the us department of energy's hanford site in south central washington state were characterized by phylogenetic analysis of 16s rrna gene sequences and by determination of selected morphological, physiological and biochemical traits. phylogenetic analyses of 16s rdna sequences from subsurface isolates in the context of similar sequences from previously ...	2000	10846209
transformation of arabidopsis with the coda gene for choline oxidase enhances freezing tolerance of plants.	arabidopsis thaliana was transformed with the coda gene from arthrobacter globiformis, which encodes choline oxidase, the enzyme that synthesizes glycinebetaine from choline. the transformation enabled the plants to accumulate glycinebetaine in chloroplasts, and significantly enhanced the freezing tolerance of plants. furthermore, the photosynthetic machinery of transformed plants was more tolerant to freezing stress than that of wild-type plants. exogenous application of glycinebetaine also inc ...	2000	10849360
determination of n-acetyl- and n-glycolylneuraminic acids in gangliosides by combination of neuraminidase hydrolysis and fluorometric high-performance liquid chromatography using a gm3 derivative as an internal standard.	a highly sensitive method for quantification of sialic acids in gangliosides was developed. the sialic acids, released by hydrolysis of gangliosides, were converted to fluorescent derivatives with 1,2-diamino-4,5-(methylenedioxy)benzene (dmb) and separated on a reversed-phase c18 column with an isocratic elution. as little as 0.1-1.0 nmol of sialic acid in ganglioside was quantified. the use of acetate buffer instead of water in the mobile phase could prevent damage on the column and reduce back ...	2000	10870835
dimethylsulfone as a growth substrate for novel methylotrophic species of hyphomicrobium and arthrobacter.	dimethylsulfone is a major product of the chemical oxidation in the atmosphere of the principal biogenic sulfur gas, dimethylsulfide, but no studies have been reported on the mechanisms for its microbiological degradation. three novel strains of bacteria have been isolated from enrichment cultures provided with dimethylsulfone as the only carbon and energy substrate. these are novel facultatively methylotrophic species of hyphonmicrobium and arthobacter, capable of growth on a range of one-carbo ...	2000	10896224
characteristics of levan fructotransferase from arthrobacter ureafaciens k2032 and difructose anhydride iv formation from levan.	a microorganism producing levan fructotransferase was isolated from sugar-disclosed soil and it was identified as arthrobacter ureafaciens. the major product from levan by enzyme reaction was identified as di-d-fructofuranose 2,6':6,2' dianhydride by mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and chemical analyses. small amounts of several oligosaccharides and free fructose were also formed by enzyme reaction. an extracellular enzyme that produces di-d-fructofuranose 2,6':6,2' dianhydride fr ...	2000	10899545
glucose isomerase: insights into protein engineering for increased thermostability.	thermostable glucose isomerases are desirable for production of 55% fructose syrups at >90 degrees c. current commercial enzymes operate only at 60 degrees c to produce 45% fructose syrups. protein engineering to construct more stable enzymes has so far been relatively unsuccessful, so this review focuses on elucidation of the thermal inactivation pathway as a future guide. the primary and tertiary structures of 11 class 1 and 20 class 2 enzymes are compared. within each class the structures are ...	2000	11150612
bioremediation of polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated soil using carvone and surfactant-grown bacteria.	partial bioremediation of polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb)-contaminated soil was achieved by repeated applications of pcb-degrading bacteria and a surfactant applied 34 times over an 18-week period. two bacterial species, arthrobacter sp. strain b1b and ralstonia eutrophus h850, were induced for pcb degradation by carvone and salicylic acid, respectively, and were complementary for the removal of different pcb congeners. a variety of application strategies was examined utilizing a surfactant, sorb ...	2000	11152078
arthrobacter chlorophenolicus sp. nov., a new species capable of degrading high concentrations of 4-chlorophenol.	a micro-organism was isolated from soil which could grow on high concentrations [up to 350 p.p.m. (2.7 mm)] of 4-chlorophenol (4-cp). the isolate, designated strain a6t, was obtained from a soil suspension that had been selectively enriched with gradually increasing concentrations of 4-cp. strain a6t could also grow on several other para-substituted phenols. characterization of strain a6t with respect to chemical, biochemical and morphological properties, 16s rdna sequencing and dna-dna hybridiz ...	2000	11155983
[comparative study of xylose(glucose) isomerase synthesis in arthrobacter strains].	the substrate specificity of isomerases produced by six strains of arthrobacter sp. was studied. the role of utilizable carbon sources in controlling enzyme biosynthesis was established. all of the strains studied were found to produce xylose isomerases efficiently, converting d-xylose into d-xylulose and d-glucose into d-fructose. all but a. ureafaciens b-6 strains showed low activity toward d-ribose, arthrobacter sp. b-5 was slightly active toward l-arabinose, and a. ureafaciens b-6 and arthro ...	2000	11314651
comparison of colony lift with direct spotting methods of blot preparation on the effect of colony hybridization in the detection of environmental organisms.	nucleic acid probes are used on site to detect or to identify individual microbial cells without cultivation. this molecular technique can avoid some limitations of traditional identification methods including time consuming and imprecise. this study examined the factors affecting colony hybridization and compared the effectiveness of membrane prepared by colony lifting with direct spotting procedures using the universal probe eub 338. the results of hybridization varied depending on the type of ...	2000	10917884
genetic diversity among arthrobacter species collected across a heterogeneous series of terrestrial deep-subsurface sediments as determined on the basis of 16s rrna and reca gene sequences.	this study was undertaken in an effort to understand how the population structure of bacteria within terrestrial deep-subsurface environments correlates with the physical and chemical structure of their environment. phylogenetic analysis was performed on strains of arthrobacter that were collected from various depths, which included a number of different sedimentary units from the yakima barricade borehole at the u.s. department of energy's hanford site, washington, in august 1992. at the same t ...	2000	10919806
effect of field inoculation with sinorhizobium meliloti l33 on the composition of bacterial communities in rhizospheres of a target plant (medicago sativa) and a non-target plant (chenopodium album)-linking of 16s rrna gene-based single-strand conformation polymorphism community profiles to the diversity of cultivated bacteria.	fourteen weeks after field release of luciferase gene-tagged sinorhizobium meliloti l33 in field plots seeded with medicago sativa, we found that the inoculant also occurred in bulk soil from noninoculated control plots. in rhizospheres of m. sativa plants, s. meliloti l33 could be detected in noninoculated plots 12 weeks after inoculation, indicating that growth in the rhizosphere preceded spread into bulk soil. to determine whether inoculation affected bacterial diversity, 1,119 bacteria were ...	2000	10919821
[reproductive resting forms of arthrobacter globiformis].	submerged cultures of arthrobacter globiformis grown in media unbalanced with respect to carbon and nitrogen sources were found to contain cells exhibiting features typical of resting forms: long-term viability, specific ultrastructure, dormant metabolism, and thermoresistance. such cells were produced not only in the collection strain vkm b-1112, but also in the a. globiformis strains isolated from 2- to 3-million-year-old permafrost sediments.	2000	10920808
[formation of resting forms of arthrobacter globiformis in autolysing cell suspensions].	under conditions of spontaneous or induced autolysis of thick cell suspensions, arthrobacter globiformis strains produced cells exhibiting features typical of resting microbial forms. the number of viable resting cells was greater under conditions of induced rather than spontaneous autolysis. the thermoresistance of the resting cells of a. globiformis strains isolated from 2- to 3 million-year-old permafrost was higher than that of the collection a. globiformis strain.	2000	10920809
kinetics of biodegradation of p-nitrophenol by different bacteria.	three bacterial species, i.e., ralstonia sp. sj98, arthrobacter protophormiae rkj100, and burkholderia cepacia rkj200, have been examined for their efficiency and kinetics behavior toward pnp degradation. all the three bacteria utilized pnp as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. the rates of radiolabeled [u-(14)c]pnp degradation by all the bacteria were higher in the nitrogen-free medium compared to the medium with nitrogen. the apparent k(m) values of pnp degradation by sj98, rkj10 ...	2000	10924328
genetic engineering of glycinebetaine synthesis in plants: current status and implications for enhancement of stress tolerance.	metabolic acclimation via the accumulation of compatible solutes is regarded as a basic strategy for the protection and survival of plants in extreme environments. certain plants accumulate significant amounts of glycinebetaine (betaine), a compatible quaternary amine, in response to high salinity, cold and drought. it is likely that betaine is involved in the protection of macrocomponents of plant cells, such as protein complexes and membranes, under stress conditions. genetic engineering of th ...	2000	10938798
arthrobacter flavus sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from a pond in mcmurdo dry valley, antarctica.	cms 19yt, a psychrophilic bacterium, was isolated from a cyanobacterial mat sample from a pond in antarctica and was characterized taxonomically. the bacterium was aerobic, gram-positive, non-spore-forming, non-motile, exhibited a rod-coccus growth cycle and produced a yellow pigment that was insoluble in water but soluble in methanol. no growth factors were required and it was able to grow between 5 and 30 degrees c, between ph 6 and ph 9 and tolerated up to 11.5% nacl. the cell wall peptidogly ...	2000	10939663
difructose anhydrides: their mass-production and physiological functions.	difructose anhydrides (dfas) are the smallest cyclic disaccharides consisting of two fructose residues, and are expected to have novel physiological functions from their unique structures and properties. for mass-production of alpha-d-fructofuranose-beta-d-fructofuranose-2',1:2,3'-dianhydride (dfa iii) and beta-d-fructofuranose-beta-d-fructofuranose-2',6:2,6'-dianhydride (dfa iv), arthrobacter sp. h65-7 and a. nicotinovorans gs-9 were selected as the best producers of inulase ii, which produced ...	2000	10945246
overexpression, purification, and characterization of bacillus subtilis n-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase cwlc.	n-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase cwlc of bacillus subtilis was overproduced in escherichia coli and purified 21-fold. the amidase hydrolyzed type a cell walls such as b. subtilis. the amidase bound slightly to the microbacterium lacticum cell wall (type b), but did not entirely hydrolyze it. the presence of calcium or magnesium ion increased the resistance of the amidase to heat denaturation.	2000	10945275
hydantoin racemase from arthrobacter aurescens dsm 3747: heterologous expression, purification and characterization.	in arthrobacter aurescens dsm 3747 three enzymes are involved in the complete conversion of slowly racemizing 5'-monosubstituted d,l-hydantoins to l-amino acids, a stereoselective hydantoinase, a stereospecific l-n-carbamoylase and a hydantoin racemase. the gene encoding the hydantoin racemase, designated hyua, was identified upstream of the previously described l-n-carbamoylase gene in the plasmid paw16 containing genomic dna of a. aurescens. the gene hyua which encodes a polypeptide of 25.1 kd ...	2000	10949312
effect of associative bacteria on element composition of barley seedlings grown in solution culture at toxic cadmium concentrations.	the response of barley seedlings to inoculation with associative rhizobacteria azospirillum lipoferum 137, arthrobacter mysorens 7, agrobacterium radiobacter 10 and flavobacterium sp. l30 was studied in hydroponic and quartz sand cultures in the presence of 50 microm cdcl2. cadmium caused severe inhibition in the growth and uptake of nutrient elements by the plants. inoculation with the bacteria slightly stimulated root length and biomass of hydroponically grown cd-treated seedlings. the bacteri ...	2000	10950194
gene cloning and overproduction of low-specificity d-threonine aldolase from alcaligenes xylosoxidans and its application for production of a key intermediate for parkinsonism drug.	the dtaax gene encoding a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (pyridoxal-p)-dependent low-specificity d-threonine aldolase was cloned from the chromosomal dna of alcaligenes xylosoxidans ifo 12669. it contains an open reading frame consisting of 1,134 nucleotides corresponding to 377 amino acid residues. the predicted amino acid sequence displayed 54% identity with that of d-threonine aldolase from gram-positive bacteria arthrobacter sp. dk-38, but showed no significant similarity with those of other known p ...	2000	10952004
changes of cell size distribution during the batch culture of arthrobacter strain pi/1-95.	the size distributions of an arthrobacter, approximately 1 microm in diameter, were analysed using a coulter multisizer ii instrument thereby making it possible to distinguish between the different stages in the morphological cycle. the results indicated that at the beginning of exponential phase a shift occurred from large to smaller cells, the cell size distributions in both categories were asymmetric, skewed towards higher values than the means. during the course of the batch culture the cell ...	2000	10959562
microbiology of the stalactites from grotta dei cervi, porto badisco, italy.	the active stalactites from grotta dei cervi, porto badisco, southeastern italy, were sampled to investigate the microbial communities present in these speleothems. sampling was carried out in a transect about 150 m long in the central gallery, where numerous gram-positive bacteria were isolated. actinomycetes of the genus streptomyces were the most abundant, followed by members of the genus bacillus. further isolates were assigned to the genera amycolatopsis, arthrobacter; agromyces. micrococcu ...	2000	10963330
expression of podocalyxin inhibits cell-cell adhesion and modifies junctional properties in madin-darby canine kidney cells.	podocalyxin is a major membrane protein of the glomerular epithelium and is thought to be involved in maintenance of the architecture of the foot processes and filtration slits characteristic of this unique epithelium by virtue of its high negative charge. however, until now there has been no direct evidence for podocalyxin's function. podocalyxin is a type 1 transmembrane sialoprotein with an n-terminal mucin-like domain. to assess its function, we cloned rat podocalyxin and examined the effect ...	2000	10982412
microbial species associated with different sections of broccoli harvested from three regions in australia.	the microbial populations associated with the different sections of broccoli harvested from three locations in australia were studied during storage at 5, 15 and 20 degrees c. bacterial and yeast populations associated with the outer florets and cut surfaces of the stem were generally 10-fold or more higher than those associated with inner florets or non-cut stems, respectively. the predominating bacterial species varied with the origin of the broccoli. pseudomonas fluorescens, ps. corrugata and ...	2000	11014518
microbial diversity during maturation and natural processing of coffee cherries of coffea arabica in brazil.	the magnitude and diversity of the microbial population associated with dry (natural) processing of coffee (coffea arabica) has been assessed during a 2-year period on 15 different farms in the sul de minas region of brazil. peptone water-washed samples were taken of maturing cherries on trees (cherries, raisins and dried cherries) and from ground fermentations. the microbial load varied from 3 x 10(4) to 2.2 x 10(9) cfu/cherry with a median value of 1.6 x 10(7) cfu/cherry. the microbial load in ...	2000	11016614
renibacterium salmoninarum isolates from different sources possess two highly conserved copies of the rrna operon .	the nucleotide sequences of the rrna genes and the 5' flanking region were determined for r. salmoninarum atcc 33209t from overlapping products generated by pcr amplification from the genomic dna. comparison of the sequences with rrna genes from a variety of bacteria demonstrated the close relatedness between r. salmoninarum and the high g+c group of the actinobacteria, in particular, arthrobacter species. a regulatory element within the 5' leader of the rrna operon was identical to an element, ...	2000	11016696
3-carbamoyl-alpha-picolinic acid production by imidase-catalyzed regioselective hydrolysis of 2,3-pyridinedicarboximide in a water-organic solvent, two-phase system.	3-carbamoyl-alpha-picolinic acid, a versatile building block for the synthesis of agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals, was prepared by imidase-catalyzed regiospecific hydrolysis of 2,3-pyridinedicarboximide with intact arthrobacter ureafaciens o-86 cells. reactions were carried out in a water-organic solvent, two-phase system containing cyclohexanone at low ph to avoid spontaneous random hydrolysis. under the optimized conditions, with the periodic addition of 2,3-pyridinedicarboximide (in total, ...	2000	11030568
a mutant sarcosine oxidase in which activity depends on flavin adenine dinucleotide.	the covalent flavin attachment site in the arthrobacter sarcosine oxidase (cysteine at position 318) was replaced with serine, and the mutational effect of c318s was analyzed. wild type and c318s with a c-terminal 6-histidine tag were constructed and homogeneously purified by the single step. the covalently binding to flavin was not essential to the enzyme activity because the c318s mutant exhibited extremely weak activity. moreover, the activity of the mutant was recovered in the presence of fl ...	2000	11035956
measuring growth of a phenanthrene-degrading bacterial inoculum in soil with a quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction method.	we measured growth of a phenanthrene-degrading bacterium, arthrobacter, strain rp17, in forbes soil, amended with 500 µg g(-1) phenanthrene using a quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction method. the inoculum, which was not indigenous to forbes soil, grew from 5.55x10(5) colony forming units (cfu) g(-1) to 1.97x10(7) cfu g(-1) within 100 h after the cells were added to the soil. maximum population density was reached before the highest degradation rate was observed 150 h after the cel ...	2000	11053730
enzymatic assay of histamine by amperometric detection of h2o2 with a peroxidase-based sensor.	a method for an enzymatic assay of histamine by using histamine oxidase from arthrobacter globiformis in combination with amperometric determination of h2o2 is described. histamine could be quantified at a level as low as 10(-7) m. the assay is adaptable to determine histamine in food samples including tuna fish with good sensitivity and selectivity.	2000	11055403
monitoring bacterial transport by stable isotope enrichment of cells.	understanding the transport and behavior of bacteria in the environment has broad implications in diverse areas, ranging from agriculture to groundwater quality, risk assessment, and bioremediation. the ability to reliably track and enumerate specific bacterial populations in the context of native communities and environments is key to developing this understanding. we report a novel bacterial tracking approach, based on altering the stable carbon isotope value (delta(13)c) of bacterial cells, w ...	2000	11055946
enhanced tolerance of transgenic brassica juncea to choline confirms successful expression of the bacterial coda gene.	brassica juncea cv. pusa jaikisan was transformed with the coda gene for choline oxidase from arthrobacter globiformis with an aim to introduce glycine betaine biosynthetic pathway, as it lacks any means to synthesize glycine betaine. western blot analysis revealed the presence of choline oxidase in the protein extract from the coda transgenic lines, demonstrating that the bacterial coda gene had been successfully transcribed and translated in transgenic lines. good activity of choline oxidase i ...	2000	11074276
diversity of l-methionine catabolism pathways in cheese-ripening bacteria.	enzymatic activities that could be involved in methanethiol generation in five cheese-ripening bacteria were assayed, and the major sulfur compounds produced were identified. l-methionine and alpha-keto-gamma-methyl-thio-butyric acid demethiolating activities were detected in whole cells and cell extracts (cfes) of all the bacteria tested. no l-methionine deaminase activity could be detected in any of the ripening bacteria and l-methionine aminotransferase was detected in cfes of brevibacterium ...	2000	11097940
inverting enantioselectivity by directed evolution of hydantoinase for improved production of l-methionine.	using directed evolution, we have improved the hydantoinase process for production of l-methionine (l-met) in escherichia coli. this was accomplished by inverting the enantioselectivity and increasing the total activity of a key enzyme in a whole-cell catalyst. the selectivity of all known hydantoinases for d-5-(2-methylthioethyl)hydantoin (d-mteh) over the l-enantiomer leads to the accumulation of intermediates and reduced productivity for the l-amino acid. we used random mutagenesis, saturatio ...	2000	10700149
molecular cloning, sequencing, expression, and site-directed mutagenesis of the 1h-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinaldine 2,4-dioxygenase gene from arthrobacter spec. rü61a.	the ring cleaving enzyme 1h-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinaldine 2,4-dioxygenase (hod)) of arthrobacter spec. rü61a is part of the quinaldine degradation pathway. carbon monoxide and n-acetyl-anthranilate are the products formed by dioxygenolytic cleavage of two c-c bonds in the substrate's pyridine ring. the gene coding for hod was cloned and sequenced. an isoelectric point of ph 5.40 and a molecular mass of 31,838 da was deduced from the sequence. hod is shown to be remarkably similar to 1h-3-hydroxy-4-o ...	2000	10746195
identification of coryneform bacterial isolates by ribosomal dna sequence analysis.	identification of coryneform bacteria to the species level is important in certain circumstances for differentiating contamination and/or colonization from infection, which influences decisions regarding clinical intervention. however, methods currently used in clinical microbiology laboratories for the species identification of coryneform bacteria are often inadequate. we evaluated the microseq 500 16s bacterial sequencing kit (perkin-elmer biosystems, foster city, calif.), which is designed to ...	2000	10747168
cloning and nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding a glycogen debranching enzyme in the trehalose operon from arthrobacter sp. q36.	a gene located just upstream of the treyz operon was isolated from arthrobacter sp. strain q36. the gene, designated trex, encoded an 823-amino acid protein. the amino acid sequence of the protein had 50% identity with the trex protein (isoamylase) from sulfolobus acidocaldarius atcc 33909 which has a trezxy operon on the genome. we suggest that arthrobacter trex is an isoamylase gene, and that it is a component of a trexyz operon.	2000	10669803
purification of recombinant hydantoinase and l-n-carbamoylase from arthrobacter aurescens expressed in escherichia coli: comparison of wild-type and genetically modified proteins.	two enzymes, hydantoinase (hyuh) and l-n-carbamoylase (hyuc), are required for the biocatalytic production of natural and unnatural, optically pure l-amino acids starting from d,l-5-monosubstituted hydantoins using the so called 'hydantoinase-method'. for the preparation of immobilized enzymes, which omit several drawbacks of whole cell biocatalysts, purified or at least enriched hyuh and hyuc have to be provided. in order to simplify existing purification protocols several genetically modified ...	2000	10681054
kinetic studies of the mechanism of carbon-hydrogen bond breakage by the heterotetrameric sarcosine oxidase of arthrobacter sp. 1-in.	the reaction of heterotetrameric sarcosine oxidase (tsox) of arthrobactor sp. 1-in has been studied by stopped-flow spectroscopy, with particular emphasis on the reduction of the enzyme by sarcosine. expression of the cloned gene encoding tsox in escherichia coli enables the production of tsox on a scale suitable for stopped-flow studies. treatment of the enzyme with sulfite provides the means for selective formation of a flavin-sulfite adduct with the covalent 8alpha-(n(3)-histidyl)-fmn. format ...	2000	10684595
bacterial release of arsenic ions and organoarsenic compounds from soil contaminated by chemical warfare agents.	the objective of this paper was to investigate possible participation of microorganisms in the release of soluble arsenical compounds from organoarsenic warfare agents in contaminated soil. a number of bacterial strains were isolated with high resistance against as3+ and as5+ ions which are able to degrade the water insoluble compounds triphenylarsine (tp) and triphenylarsineoxide (tpo). these strains belong to different genera of bacteria. release of arsenic ions and soluble organoarsenic compo ...	2001	11100795
how big is a bacterium? approximation to a correct total cell density of arthrobacter sp.		2001	11317979
kinetics of methyl t-butyl ether cometabolism at low concentrations by pure cultures of butane-degrading bacteria.	butane-oxidizing arthrobacter (atcc 27778) bacteria were shown to degrade low concentrations of methyl t-butyl ether (mtbe; range, 100 to 800 microg/liter) with an apparent half-saturation concentration (k(s)) of 2.14 mg/liter and a maximum substrate utilization rate (k(c)) of 0.43 mg/mg of total suspended solids per day. arthrobacter bacteria demonstrated mtbe degradation activity when grown on butane but not when grown on glucose, butanol, or tryptose phosphate broth. the presence of butane, t ...	2001	11319100
degradation of substituted phenylurea herbicides by arthrobacter globiformis strain d47 and characterization of a plasmid-associated hydrolase gene, puha.	arthrobacter globiformis d47 was shown to degrade a range of substituted phenylurea herbicides in soil. this strain contained two plasmids of approximately 47 kb (phrim620) and 34 kb (phrim621). plasmid-curing experiments produced plasmid-free strains as well as strains containing either the 47- or the 34-kb plasmid. the strains were tested for their ability to degrade diuron, which demonstrated that the degradative genes were located on the 47-kb plasmid. studies on the growth of these strains ...	2001	11319111
diversity and seasonal fluctuations of the dominant members of the bacterial soil community in a wheat field as determined by cultivation and molecular methods.	there is a paucity of knowledge on microbial community diversity and naturally occurring seasonal variations in agricultural soil. for this purpose the soil microbial community of a wheat field on an experimental farm in the netherlands was studied by using both cultivation-based and molecule-based methods. samples were taken in the different seasons over a 1-year period. fatty acid-based typing of bacterial isolates obtained via plating revealed a diverse community of mainly gram-positive bacte ...	2001	11319113
organization of the multiple coenzymes and subunits and role of the covalent flavin link in the complex heterotetrameric sarcosine oxidase.	heterotetrameric (alphabetagammadelta) sarcosine oxidase from corynebacterium sp. p-1 (ctsox) contains noncovalently bound fad and nad(+) and covalently bound fmn, attached to beta(his173). the beta(his173asn) mutant is expressed as a catalytically inactive, labile heterotetramer. the beta and delta subunits are lost during mutant enzyme purification, which yields a stable alphagamma complex. addition of stabilizing agents prevents loss of the delta but not the beta subunit. the covalent flavin ...	2001	11330998
[bacteria--degraders of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, isolated from soil and bottom sediments in salt-mining areas].	fifteen bacterial strains capable of utilizing naphthalene, phenanthrene, and biphenyl as the sole sources of carbon and energy were isolated from soils and bottom sediments contaminated with waste products generated by chemical and salt producing plants. based on cultural, morphological, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, ten of these strains were identified as belonging to the genera rhodococcus, arthrobacter, bacillus, and pseudomonas. all ten strains were found to be halotolerant bacteria c ...	2001	11338839
optimization of the immobilization parameters and operational stability of immobilized hydantoinase and l-n-carbamoylase from arthrobacter aurescens for the production of optically pure l-amino acids.	2the immobilization parameters were optimized for the hydantoinase and the l-n-carbamoylase from arthrobacter aurescens dsm 3747 or 3745, respectively. to optimize activity yields and specific activities for the immobilization to eupergit c, eupergit c 250 l, and eah-sepharose wild-type, recombinant and genetically modified ('tagged') enzymes were investigated concerning the influence of the protein concentration, the kind of support and the immobilization method. for both enzymes, the use of th ...	2001	11339957
tryptophan-216 is essential for the transglycosylation activity of endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase a.	endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase from arthrobacter protophormiae (endo-a) has a high level of transglycosylation activity. to determine which amino acids are involved in this activity, we employed deletion analysis, as well as random and site-directed mutagenesis. using pcr random mutagenesis, 11 mutants with greatly decreased levels of enzyme activity were isolated. six catalytically essential amino acids were identified by site-directed mutagenesis. mutants e173g, e175q, d206g, and d270n had ...	2001	11341779
biological elimination of h2s and nh3 from wastegases by biofilter packed with immobilized heterotrophic bacteria.	biotreatment of various ratios of h2s and nh3 gas mixtures was studied using the biofilters, packed with co-immobilized cells (arthrobacter oxydans ch8 for nh3 and pseudomonas putida ch11 for h2s). extensive tests to determine removal characteristics, removal efficiency, removal kinetics, and pressure drops of the biofilters were performed. to estimate the largest allowable inlet concentration, a prediction model was also employed. greater than 95%, and 90% removal efficiencies were observed for ...	2001	11368219
feasibility of fluidized-bed bioreactor for remediating waste gas containing h2s or nh3.	pseudomonas putida for h2s and arthrobacter oxydans for nh3 were immobilized with ca-alginate and packed inside glass columns to form fluidized-bed bioreactors. the feasibility of the lab-scale bioreactor for the treatment of h2s or nh3 was examined. phosphate salt, being added to the nutrient solution as buffer solution, may chelate with ca2+ in the ca-alginate beads, resulting in the disintegration of gel structure. when the buffer capacity of the phosphate solution was over the critical point ...	2001	11413835
isolation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (phb)-degrading microorganisms and characterization of phb-depolymerase from arthrobacter sp. strain w6.	microbial degraders of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (phb) were isolated from soil. arthrobacter sp. strain w6 used not only phb as a carbon source, but also phas such as poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-[5%]3-hydroxyvalerate), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-[14%]3-hydroxyvalerate), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-[22%]3-hydroxyvalerate). phb-depolymerase was purified to homogeneity from the culture broth of arthrobacter sp. strain w6 by a procedure involving deae- and butyl-toyopearl column chromatographies. the m ...	2001	11440137
purification and characterization of carbaryl hydrolase from arthrobacter sp. rc100.	a carbaryl hydrolase was purified to homogeneity from arthrobacter sp. strain rc100 by protamine sulfate treatment, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and hydrophobic, anion-exchange, and gel filtration chromatographies. the native enzyme had a molecular mass of 100 kda and was composed of two identical subunits with molecular masses of 51 kda. the hydrolase activity was strongly inhibited by difp, pmsf, hg(2+) and paraoxon but not by edta. the optimum ph and temperature for the enzyme activity wer ...	2001	11445174
isolation and characterisation of new gram-negative and gram-positive atrazine degrading bacteria from different french soils.	the capacity of 12 soils to degrade atrazine was studied in laboratory incubations using radiolabelled atrazine. eight soils showed enhanced degradation of this compound. twenty-five bacterial strains able to degrade atrazine were isolated by an enrichment method from 10 of these soils. these soils were chosen for their wide range of physico-chemical characteristics. their history of treatment with atrazine was also variable. the genetic diversity of atrazine degraders was determined by amplifie ...	2001	11451526
alpha 2,3-sialylation of terminal galnac beta 1-3gal determinants by st3gal ii reveals the multifunctionality of the enzyme. the resulting neu5ac alpha 2-3galnac linkage is resistant to sialidases from newcastle disease virus and streptococcus pneumoniae.	enzymatic alpha 2,3-sialylation of galnac has not been described previously, although some glycoconjugates containing alpha 2,3-sialylated galnac residues have been reported. in the present experiments, recombinant soluble alpha 2,3-sialyltransferase st3gal ii efficiently sialylated the x(2) pentasaccharide galnac beta 1-3gal beta 1-4glcnac beta 1-3gal beta 1-4glc, globo-n-tetraose galnac beta 1-3gal alpha 1-4gal beta 1-4glc, and the disaccharide galnac beta 1-3gal in vitro. the purified product ...	2001	11479313
organization of genes responsible for the stereospecific conversion of hydantoins to alpha-amino acids in arthrobacter aurescens dsm 3747.	arthrobacter aurescens dsm 3747 hydrolyzes stereospecifically 5'-monosubstituted hydantoins to alpha-amino acids. the genes involved in hydantoin utilization (hyu) were isolated on an 8.7-kb dna fragment, and by dna sequence analysis eight orfs were identified. the hyu gene cluster includes four genes: hyup encoding a putative transport protein, the hydantoin racemase gene hyua, the hydantoinase gene hyuh, and the carbamoylase gene hyuc. the four genes are transcribed in the same direction. upst ...	2001	11511866
cloning, nucleotide sequence and expression of a hydantoinase and carbamoylase gene from arthrobacter aurescens dsm 3745 in escherichia coli and comparison with the corresponding genes from arthrobacter aurescens dsm 3747.	the genes encoding hydantoinases (hyuh1) and carbamoylases (hyuc1) from arthrobacter aurescens dsm 3745 and arthrobacter aurescens dsm 3747 (hyuh2, hyuc2) were cloned in escherichia coli and the nucleotide sequences determined. the hydantoinase genes comprised 1,377 base pairs and the carbamoylase genes 1,239 base pairs each. both hydantoinases, as well as both carbamoylases, showed a high degree of nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity (96-98%). the hyuh and hyuc genes were expressed in e ...	2001	11525624
molecular and enzymatic characterization of a levan fructotransferase from microbacterium sp. al-210.	microbacterium sp. al-210 producing a novel levan fructotransferase (lftase) was screened from soil samples. the lftase was purified to homogeneity by (nh4)2so4 fractionation, column chromatography on resource q, and superdex 200hr. the molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be approximately 46 kda by both sds-page and gel filtration, and the enzyme's isoelectric point was ph 4.8. the major product produced from the levan hydrolysis by the enzyme reaction was identified by atmo ...	2001	11522362
gene cluster on pao1 of arthrobacter nicotinovorans involved in degradation of the plant alkaloid nicotine: cloning, purification, and characterization of 2,6-dihydroxypyridine 3-hydroxylase.	a 27,690-bp gene cluster involved in the degradation of the plant alkaloid nicotine was characterized from the plasmid pao1 of arthrobacter nicotinovorans. the genes of the heterotrimeric, molybdopterin cofactor (moco)-, flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad)-, and [fe-s] cluster-dependent 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine (ketone) dehydrogenase (kdh) were identified within this cluster. the gene of the large moco subunit of kdh was located 4,266 bp from the fad and [fe-s] cluster subunit genes. deduced fun ...	2001	11514508
cloning, sequences, and characterization of two chitinase genes from the antarctic arthrobacter sp. strain tad20: isolation and partial characterization of the enzymes.	arthrobacter sp. strain tad20, a chitinolytic gram-positive organism, was isolated from the sea bottom along the antarctic ice shell. arthrobacter sp. strain tad20 secretes two major chitinases, chia and chib (archia and archib), in response to chitin induction. a single chromosomal dna fragment containing the genes coding for both chitinases was cloned in escherichia coli. dna sequencing analysis of this fragment revealed two contiguous open reading frames coding for the precursors of archia (8 ...	2001	11160110
a unique sialidase that cleaves the neu5gcalpha2-->5-o(glycolyl)neu5gc linkage: comparison of its specificity with that of three microbial sialidases toward four sialic acid dimers.	we found that the hepatopancreas of oyster, crassostrea virginica, contained a sialidase capable of releasing neu5gc from the novel polysialic acid chain (-->5-o(glycolyl)neu5gcalpha2-->)n more efficiently than from the conventional type of polysialic acid chains, (-->8neu5acalpha2-->)n, or (-->8neu5gcalpha2-->)n. we have partially purified this novel sialidase and compared its reactivity with that of microbial sialidases using four different sialic acid dimers, neu5gcalpha2-->5-o(glycolyl)neu5g ...	2001	11162485
study of the structure-activity relationships for the pyrazinamidase (pnca) from mycobacterium tuberculosis.	in an attempt to investigate the molecular basis of pyrazinamide hydrolysis by the pnca protein from mycobacterium tuberculosis, we determined the pyrazinamidase activity of nine pnca mutants bearing a single amino acid substitution. among them, three mutants (d8g, k96t and s104r) had virtually no activity (< or =0.004 unit/mg), five (f13s, t61p, p69l, y103s and a146v) retained a low level of activity (0.06-0.25 unit/mg) and one (t167l) exhibited a wild-type activity (1.51 units/mg). the possibl ...	2001	11171040
secretory production of arthrobacter levan fructotransferase from recombinant escherichia coli.	levan fructotransferase (lftase) from arthrobacter ureafaciens k2032 was expressed with n-terminal fusion of a lacz-derived secretion motif (tmitnsssvp) using the lac promoter system in recombinant escherichia coli jm109 [pudf-a81]. in flask cultures, recombinant enzyme activity was detected in culture media, and sequence analysis of n-terminal residues showed that about 40% of the extracellular recombinant lftase had an authentic n-terminus. in a fed-batch bioreactor containing recombinant e. c ...	2001	11179640
purification and characterization of aminopropionaldehyde dehydrogenase from arthrobacter sp. tmp-1.	aminopropionaldehyde dehydrogenase was purified to apparent homogeneity from 1,3-diaminopropane-grown cells of arthrobacter sp. tmp-1. the native molecular mass and the subunit molecular mass of the enzyme were approximately 20,5000 and 52,000, respectively, suggesting that the enzyme is a tetramer of identical subunits. the apparent michaelis constant (k(m)) for 1,3-diaminopropane was approximately 3 microm. the enzyme equally used both nad(+) and nadp(+) as coenzymes. the apparent k(m) values ...	2001	11179651
inhibition of copper amine oxidases by pyridine-derived aldoximes and ketoximes.	the reactions of pea diamine oxidase (psao) and 2-phenylethylamine oxidase from arthrobacter globiformis (agao) with pyridine-derived oximes were studied. pyridine carbaldoximes and alkyl pyridyl ketoximes act as strong non-competitive inhibitors of the enzymes. the inhibition constants k(i) of these compounds vary between 10(-4) and 10(-5) m, for agao and some of the studied oximes were found even micromolar k(i) values. the presence of pyridine moiety in the studied compounds has remarkable in ...	2001	11879727
rubrobacter-related bacteria associated with rosy discolouration of masonry and lime wall paintings.	a molecular approach was chosen to analyse the correlation between bacterial colonisation and rosy discolouration of masonry and lime wall paintings of two historically important buildings in austria and germany. the applied molecular method included pcr amplification of genes encoding the small subunit rrna of bacteria (16s rdna), genetic fingerprinting by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge), construction of 16s rdna clone libraries, and comparative phylogenetic sequence analyses. th ...	2001	11702076
cold-active citrate synthase: mutagenesis of active-site residues.	a comparison of the crystal structure of the dimeric enzyme citrate synthase from the psychrophilic arthrobacter strain ds2-3r with that of the structurally homologous enzyme from the hyperthermophilic pyrococcus furiosus reveals a significant difference in the accessibility of their active sites to substrates. in this work, we investigated the possible role in cold activity of the greater accessibility of the arthrobacter citrate synthase. by site-directed mutagenesis, we replaced two alanine r ...	2001	11707611
crystal structure and mechanism of catalysis of a pyrazinamidase from pyrococcus horikoshii.	bacterial pyrazinamidase (pzaase)/nicotinamidase converts pyrazinamide (pza) to ammonia and pyrazinoic acid, which is active against mycobacterium tuberculosis. loss of pzaase activity is the major mechanism of pyrazinamide-resistance by m. tuberculosis. we have determined the crystal structure of the gene product of pyrococcus horikoshii 999 (ph999), a pzaase, and its complex with zinc ion by x-ray crystallography. the overall fold of ph999 is similar to that of n-carbamoylsarcosine amidohydrol ...	2001	11714269
sugar profiling proves that human serum erythropoietin differs from recombinant human erythropoietin.	erythropoietin (epo) from sera obtained from anemic patients was successfully isolated using magnetic beads coated with a human epo (hepo)-specific antibody. human serum epo emerged as a broad band after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with an apparent molecular weight slightly smaller than that of recombinant hepo (rhepo). the bandwidth corresponded with microheterogeneity because of extensive glycosylation. two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealing several differ ...	2001	11739166
exposure to airborne microorganisms in fiberboard and chipboard factories.	microbiological air sampling was performed in one fiberboard factory and two chipboard factories located in south-eastern poland. it was found that the levels of bacteria, fungi, dust and bacterial endotoxin in the air of examined facilities were high during initial stages of the production cycle (shredding of waste wood, storing of chips) and then sharply decreased during further stages of this cycle (forming and formatting of the boards). in the fiberboard factory, the concentration of airborn ...	2001	11748877
plasmid-encoded phthalate catabolic pathway in arthrobacter keyseri 12b.	several 2-substituted benzoates (including 2-trifluoromethyl-, 2-chloro-, 2-bromo-, 2-iodo-, 2-nitro-, 2-methoxy-, and 2-acetyl-benzoates) were converted by phthalate-grown arthrobacter keyseri (formerly micrococcus sp.) 12b to the corresponding 2-substituted 3,4-dihydroxybenzoates (protocatechuates). because these products lack a carboxyl group at the 2 position, they were not substrates for the next enzyme of the phthalate catabolic pathway, 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate 2-decarboxylase, and accumula ...	2001	11371533
a highly efficient transposon mutagenesis system for the tomato pathogen clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis.	a transposon mutagenesis system for clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis was developed based on antibiotic resistance transposons that were derived from the insertion element is1409 from arthrobacter sp. strain tm1 ncib12013. as a prerequisite, the electroporation efficiency was optimized by using unmethylated dna and treatment of the cells with glycine such that about 5 x 10(6) transformants per microg of dna were generally obtained. electroporation of c. michiganensis subsp. michigan ...	2001	11763129
[biosynthesis and use of coproporphyrins and uroporphyrins and their metal complexes in immune analysis and diagnostic methods].	methods of synthesis of coproporphyrin and uroporphyrin by using bacteria of the genus arthrobacter are proposed. metal complexes of coproporphyrin and uroporphyrin with pt, pd, and zn were synthesized. their structures were identified by spectrophotometry, ir spectrometry, 1h-nmr, mass spectrometry, and hplc. data showing the possibility to use coproporphyrin iii-metal complexes as luminophores for fluorescence detection of tumors. the current and prospective uses of metal complexes of water-so ...	2001	11771318
analysis of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of chrysanthemum via denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of pcr-amplified 16s rrna as well as dna fragments coding for 16s rrna.	the effect of developing chrysanthemum roots on the presence and activity of bacterial populations in the rhizosphere was examined by using culture-independent methods. nucleic acids were extracted from rhizosphere soil samples associated with the bases of roots or root tips of plants harvested at different stages of development. pcr and reverse transcriptase (rt) pcr were used to amplify 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) and 16s rrna, respectively, and the products were subjected to denaturing gradient ...	2001	11133442
bulk and rhizosphere soil bacterial communities studied by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis: plant-dependent enrichment and seasonal shifts revealed.	the bacterial rhizosphere communities of three host plants of the pathogenic fungus verticillium dahliae, field-grown strawberry (fragaria ananassa duch.), oilseed rape (brassica napus l.), and potato (solanum tuberosum l.), were analyzed. we aimed to determine the degree to which the rhizosphere effect is plant dependent and whether this effect would be increased by growing the same crops in two consecutive years. rhizosphere or soil samples were taken five times over the vegetation periods. to ...	2001	11571180
dual-bioaugmentation strategy to enhance remediation of cocontaminated soil.	although metals are thought to inhibit the ability of microorganisms to degrade organic pollutants, several microbial mechanisms of resistance to metal are known to exist. this study examined the potential of cadmium-resistant microorganisms to reduce soluble cadmium levels to enhance degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) under conditions of cocontamination. four cadmium-resistant soil microorganisms were examined in this study. resistant up to a cadmium concentration of 275 micr ...	2001	11425743
carotenoid accumulation in the psychrotrophic bacterium arthrobacter agilis in response to thermal and salt stress.	a psychrotrophic strain of arthrobacter agilis, isolated from antarctic sea ice, grows from 5 degrees c to 40 degrees c and in culture media containing 0-10% (w/v) nacl. maximum growth rate occurred at 30-35 degrees c with a drastic decline as the cultivation temperatures diverged. adaptation to extremes of low temperature may be partially attributed to the production of the c-50 carotenoid bacterioruberin, and its glycosylated derivatives. lowering of the cultivation temperature resulted in a c ...	2001	11601625
trehalose-producing operon treyz from arthrobacter ramosus s34.	arthrobacter ramosus s34, which produces trehalose from maltooligosaccharide, was isolated. a trehalose-producing operon, treyz, was cloned from the genome. expression experiments with trey and trez confirmed that they coded malto-oligosyltrehalose synthase and malto-oligosyltrehalose trehalohydrolase, respectively. the amino acid sequence of trey from a. ramosus s34 and that from arthrobacter sp. q36 did not show high identity, nor did those of trez.	2001	11471747
growth of moderately halophilic bacteria isolated from sea water using phenol as the sole carbon source.	moderately halophilic bacteria utilizing phenol as the sole carbon source were isolated by selective enrichment from sea water. the isolate (gram-negative motile rods) was identified as deleya venusta. it grew well in the presence of up to 1600 mg/l of phenol and 8% nacl under aerobic conditions. when the cells were treated with chloramphenicol prior to the addition of phenol they did not utilize added phenol, even after prolonged incubation. thus, the enzymes necessary for phenol metabolism app ...	2001	11830940
effects of lipids on n-alkane attenuation in media supporting oil-utilizing microorganisms from the oily arabian gulf coasts.	the arabian gulf is one of the most extensively oil-polluted areas of the world. the major objectives of this work were to study whether hydrocarbon-utilizing microorganisms indigenous to that area would readily accumulate added lipids, and whether this might affect their hydrocarbon consumption potential. two prokaryotes, arthrobacter nicotianae kcc b35 and the unidentified organisms kcc b6, as well as one eukaryote, candida parapsilosis kcc y1, were selected for this study. biomass samples of ...	2001	11430415
[formation of microbial populations on the surface of protective coatings].	formation of microbial cenosis on the surface of polyethylene-, polyurethane- and oil-bitumen-based protective coatings was studied in dynamics during 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days. it has been shown that the biofilm was formed on the protective materials during 14 days and consisted of ammonifying, denitrifying, hydrocarbon-oxidizing and sulphate-reducing bacteria referred to pseudomonas, arthrobacter, bacillus and kesulfovibrio genera. the bacteria which form the biofilm on coatings possess high den ...	2001	11558243
[dynamic of the volume and structure of the soil bacterial complex in the presence of azobenzene].	azobenzene exerted no significant effect on the dynamics and the species composition of the saprophytic soil bacterial complex, which remained almost the same as in the control and was characterized by the predominance of curtobacterium sp., arthrobacter globiformis, and bacillus megaterium in all stages of succession. some heterotrophic bacteria were found to be able to accumulate azobenzene. bac. cereus and bac. polymyxa degraded azobenzene during their cultivation in nutrient media.	2001	11558283
[microbiota of the orchid rhizoplane].	six bacterial strains isolated from the underground roots of the terrestrial orchid calanthe vestita var. rubrooculata were found to belong to the genera arthrobacter, bacillus, mycobacterium, and pseudomonas. strains isolated from the aerial roots of the epiphytic orchid dendrobium moschatum were classified into the genera bacillus, curtobacterium, flavobacterium, nocardia, pseudomonas, rhodococcus, and xanthomonas. the rhizoplane of the terrestrial orchid was also populated by cyanobacteria of ...	2001	11558285
modular structure, local flexibility and cold-activity of a novel chitobiase from a psychrophilic antarctic bacterium.	the gene archb encoding for the cell-bound chitobiase from the antarctic gram-positive bacterium arthrobacter sp. tad20 was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli in a soluble form. the mature chitobiase archb possesses four functionally independent domains: a catalytic domain stabilized by ca(2+), a galactose-binding domain and an immunoglobulin-like domain followed by a cell-wall anchorage signal, typical of cell-surface proteins from gram-positive bacteria. binding of saccharides was analyz ...	2001	11428890
arthrobacter siderocapsulatus dubinina and zhdanov 1975al is a later subjective synonym of pseudomonas putida (trevisan 1889) migula 1895al.	the taxonomic position of arthrobacter siderocapsulatus dubinina and zhdanov 1975al was investigated using 16s rdna, fatty acid and phenotypic analyses. the type strain (ncimb 11286t) showed 99.85% 16s rdna similarity to the type strain of pseudomonas putida. phenotypic properties of the two strains were compared using api 20ne and biolog kits. identical reactions were recorded for all tests, except for assimilation of malonic acid. the two strains also showed almost identical cellular fatty aci ...	2001	11211254
development of an escherichia coli whole cell biocatalyst for the production of l-amino acids.	a whole cell biocatalyst for the enzymatic production of l-amino acids from hydantoins was created by coexpressing the genes encoding the l-hydantoinase, the l-n-carbamoylase and the hydantoin racemase from arthrobacter aurescens in escherichia coli. in order to construct a well balanced reaction system the enzymatic activity in the cells was varied by using vectors with different copy numbers for expression of the genes. derivatives of psc101, pacyc184 and pbr322 were employed for the various c ...	2001	11223141