Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| detection of rickettsia amblyommii in association with a tick bite rash. | in the summer of 2006, an amblyomma americanum tick was removed from a woman in central north carolina, who subsequently developed a rash at the site of tick attachment. when examined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for borrelia, anaplasma, ehrlichia, babesia, rickettsia, and bartonella dna, only the rickettsia primers generated an amplicon, which was identified as "r. amblyommii" by sequencing. to our knowledge, this is the first case in which r. amblyommii was temporally associated with a r ... | 2007 | 18052716 |
| experimental transmission of anaplasma marginale by male dermacentor reticulatus. | bovine anaplasmosis has been reported in several european countries, but the vector competency of tick species for anaplasma marginale from these localities has not been determined. because of the wide distributional range of dermacentor reticulatus within europe and the major role of dermacentor spp. as a vector of a. marginale in the united states, we tested the vector competency of d. reticulatus for a. marginale. | 2007 | 18053123 |
| [probable case of imported human anaplasmosis]. | 2007 | 18053479 | |
| [transcription of genes of membrane proteins of brazilians isolates of anaplasma marginale]. | this work shows the transcription profile of membrane protein genes in three brazilian isolates of anaplasma marginale (rio grande do norte, pernambuco-zona da mata, and pernambuco-sertão). rna was purified from cattle blood experimentally-infected with the three isolates of a. marginale. after reverse transcription, genes omp1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14; opag1-3; virb3, 9, and 10; am097, 197, 254, 854, and 956 were amplified by pcr, with specific primers. transcripts were dete ... | 2007 | 18078602 |
| [natural infection by hemoparasites in calves submitted to chemoprophylaxis at 30 days of age]. | the tick-borne disease (tbd) brings great damages to cattle breeding. the most important etiologic agents are babesia bigemina, b. bovis and anaplasma marginale, being the tick boophilus microplus the main vector. this work reports the occurrence of natural infection by hemoparasites of tbd in 36 calves with high ticks natural infestation submitted to chemoprophylaxis with 30 days year-old. the blood smears from animals of different ages were analized and were found b. bigemina (33.3%), b. bovis ... | 2007 | 18078605 |
| msp2 variation in anaplasma phagocytophilum in vivo does not stimulate t cell immune responses or interferon-gamma production. | msp2 is anaplasma phagocytophilum's immunodominant protein. antigenic variability with msp2 gene conversion may drive differential immunopathology with infection by bacteria of different in vitro passage intervals. we examined msp2 transcript variation and its relationship to histopathology, t-cell and antibody responses in mice infected with differentially passaged a. phagocytophilum. hepatic inflammation peaked on day 2-4 with low passage bacteria and on day 4-7 with high passage bacteria infe ... | 2007 | 17286796 |
| spatial analysis of the exposure of dogs in rural north-coastal california to vectorborne pathogens. | between 0 and 50 per cent of the dogs in eight rural villages in far northern california with a high risk of tickborne diseases were seropositive for anaplasma phagocytophilum and bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii, and between 0 and 10 per cent were seropositive for borrelia burgdorferi. the odds ratio for the co-exposure of individual dogs to b vinsonii berkhoffii and a phagocytophilum was 18.2. none of the diseases was associated with the sex of the dogs, whether they slept out of door ... | 2007 | 17993656 |
| detection and identification of anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi, and rickettsia helvetica in danish ixodes ricinus ticks. | borreliosis is an endemic infection in denmark. recent serosurveys have indicated that human anaplasmosis may be equally common. the aim of this study was to look for anaplasma phagocytophilum and related pathogens in ixodes ricinus ticks and estimate their prevalence, compared to borrelia, using pcr. ticks were collected from three locations in denmark: jutland, funen, and bornholm. ticks from jutland and funen were analysed individually, ticks from bornholm were analysed in pools of 20. a. pha ... | 2007 | 17367468 |
| serologic and molecular characterization of tickborne pathogens in lions (panthera leo) from the fasano safari park, italy. | lions (panthera leo) are an endangered species threatened by illegal hunting, habitat loss, and infectious diseases. little is known about the tick-borne pathogens that infect lions and could contribute to population declines. the objective of this study was to characterize rickettsia spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, and coxiella burnetii infections in 10 lions from the fasano safari park in italy by serology, polymerase chain reaction, and sequence analysis. although animals did not show clinic ... | 2007 | 18229868 |
| co-circulating microorganisms in questing ixodes scapularis nymphs in maryland. | ixodes scapularis can be infected with borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, bartonella spp., babesia microti, and rickettsia spp., including spotted-fever group rickettsia. as all of these microorganisms have been reported in maryland, the potential for these ticks to have concurrent infections exists in this region. to assess the frequency of these complex infections, 348 i. scapularis nymphs collected in 2003 were screened for these microorganisms by pcr with positives being confir ... | 2007 | 18260514 |
| host-seeking behavior of ixodes pacificus (acari: ixodidae) nymphs in relation to environmental parameters in dense-woodland and woodland-grass habitats. | in the far-western united states, the bacteria that cause lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi, bb) and human granulocytic anaplasmosis (anaplasma phagocytophilum, ap) are transmitted by the western black-legged tick (ixodes pacificus). in a dense woodland, human behaviors involving contact with wood were recently found to pose greater risk for encountering i. pacificus nymphs than behaviors entailing exclusive exposure to leaf litter. a four-year follow-up study was undertaken in the same woodlan ... | 2007 | 18260527 |
| zoonotic pathogens in ixodes scapularis, michigan. | 2007 | 18214207 | |
| anaplasma platys in dogs, chile. | we conducted a 16s rrna nested pcr for the genus ehrlichia and ehrlichia spp. with blood samples from 30 ill dogs in chile. phylogenetic analysis was performed by using groesl gene amplification. we identified anaplasma platys as 1 of the etiologic agents of canine ehrlichiosis. | 2007 | 18252119 |
| molecular evidence for anaplasma phagocytophilum in israel. | sequences from the anaplasma phagocytophilum 16s rrna gene were detected in 5 ticks representing 3 species (hyalomma marginatum, rhipicephalus turanicus, and boophilus kohlsi) collected from roe deer (capreolus capreolus) in mount carmel, israel. the sequences were all identical to those of ap-variant 1 strain. | 2007 | 18252125 |
| multiply infected vectors. | 2007 | 17403941 | |
| high-resolution genetic fingerprinting of european strains of anaplasma phagocytophilum by use of multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is a widely distributed tick-borne pathogen of humans, livestock, and companion animals. we used in silico methods to identify 10 variable-number tandem-repeat (vntr) loci within the genome sequence of the a. phagocytophilum hz strain and used these data to develop a multilocus vntr-based typing scheme for the species. having confirmed the stability of four of the loci in replicates of the a. phagocytophilum strain that had been subjected to different numbers of passage ... | 2007 | 17442796 |
| proteomic identification of a novel anaplasma phagocytophilum dna binding protein that regulates a putative transcription factor. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, the etiologic agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, is an obligatory intracellular bacterium. little is known about the gene regulatory mechanisms for this bacterium. a gene encoding a putative transcription factor, tr1, upstream of three tandem genes encoding outer membrane proteins, including the major outer membrane protein p44, is driven by a strong promoter. in the present study, gel mobility shift assays revealed the presence of a. phagocytophilum proteins th ... | 2007 | 17483233 |
| prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum in domestic felines in the united states. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is among the more common tick-borne disease agents in the united states. it is of veterinary and public health significance as dogs, cats, and human beings are known to be susceptible. a. phagocytophilum is transmitted trans-stadially by either nymphs or adults of either the black-legged tick (ixodes scapularis) or the western black-legged tick (ixodes pacificus). little information is available regarding either the prevalence of this agent in cats or the dynamics of ve ... | 2007 | 17493756 |
| ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. | human ehrlichioses are emerging tickborne infections. "human ehrlichiosis" describes infections with at least 5 separate obligate intracellular bacteria in 3 genera in the family anaplasmataceae. since 1986, these agents and infections (human monocytic ehrlichiosis [hme], caused by ehrlichia chaffeensis; human granulocytic anaplasmosis [hga], caused by anaplasma phagocytophilum; and human ewingii ehrlichiosis, caused by ehrlichia ewingii) are the causes of most human ehrlichioses. their prevalen ... | 2007 | 17582569 |
| gene conversion is a convergent strategy for pathogen antigenic variation. | recent studies on three unrelated vector-borne pathogens, anaplasma marginale, borrelia hermsii and trypanosoma brucei, illustrate the central importance of gene conversion as a mechanism for antigenic variation, which results in subsequent evasion of the immune response and persistence in the reservoir host. the combination of genome sequence data and in vivo studies tracking variant emergence not only provides insight into the genetic mechanisms for variant generation and hierarchy in variant ... | 2007 | 17662656 |
| comparison of the complement fixation test and competitive elisa for serodiagnosis of anaplasma marginale infection in experimentally infected steers. | to compare sensitivity of a complement fixation (cf) test and competitive elisa (celisa) for detection of anaplasma marginale in experimentally infected steers. | 2007 | 17669027 |
| biomedical evaluation of free-ranging ring-tailed lemurs (lemur catta) in three habitats at the beza mahafaly special reserve, madagascar. | complete physical examinations and biomedical sample collection were performed on 70 free-ranging ring-tailed lemurs (lemur catta) from three different habitats in the beza mahfaly special reserve (bmsr), in southern madagascar, to assess the impact of humans and habitat on lemur health. lemurs were chemically immobilized with ketamine and diazepam administered via blow darts for concurrent biomedical, morphometric, and behavioral studies. subsets of the animals had blood analyzed for hematology ... | 2007 | 17679503 |
| anaplasmosis in cattle in italy. | bovine anaplasmosis caused by anaplasma marginale is a disease transmitted by ticks belonging to the ixodidae family. southern italy is considered an endemic zone but environmental and social factors are changing the epidemiology of the disease to expand to previously anaplasmosis-free regions. the available data of published reports of anaplasmosis in italy together with the data obtained by the national centre of reference for anaplasma, babesia, rickettsia and theileria (c.r.a.ba.r.t.), allow ... | 2007 | 17682850 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum - the most widespread tick-borne infection in animals in europe. | the bacterium anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly ehrlichia phagocytophila) may cause infection in several animal species including human. the disease in domestic ruminants is also called tick-borne fever (tbf), and has been known for at least 200 years. in europe, clinical manifestations due to a. phagocytophilum have been recorded in sheep, goat, cattle, horse, dog, cat, roe deer, reindeer and human. however, seropositive and pcr-positive mammalian have been detected in several other species. ... | 2007 | 17682851 |
| targeting the tick/pathogen interface for developing new anaplasmosis vaccine strategies. | bovine anaplasmosis is a tick-borne hemolytic disease of cattle that occurs worldwide caused by the intraerythrocytic rickettsiae anaplasma marginale. control measures, including use of acaricides, administration of antibiotics and vaccines, have varied with geographic location. our research is focused on the tick-pathogen interface for development of new vaccine strategies with the goal of reducing anaplasmosis, tick infestations and the vectorial capacity of ticks. toward this approach, we hav ... | 2007 | 17682853 |
| human granulocytic anaplasmosis during pregnancy: case series and literature review. | we describe the clinical and laboratory manifestations and pregnancy outcomes of 6 women who received a diagnosis of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis during pregnancy. human granulocytic ehrlichiosis did not seem to present in a fulminant fashion, and all treated patients had excellent responses to rifampin or doxycycline therapy. perinatal transmission was documented in 1 neonate, who responded well to treatment. there do not appear to be any long-term adverse sequelae in children born from thes ... | 2007 | 17682993 |
| mitogenic component in polar lipid-enriched anaplasma phagocytophilum membranes. | human granulocytic anaplasmosis is an emerging tick-borne disease caused by anaplasma phagocytophilum. a. phagocytophilum cells activate toll-like receptor 2 signaling and possess mitogenic activity, and a. phagocytophilum infection in vivo activates nkt cells unrelated to major surface protein 2 (msp2) hypervariable region expression. thus, we hypothesized that lipoprotein or glycolipid components of a. phagocytophilum membranes could be important triggers of the innate immune response and immu ... | 2007 | 17687112 |
| [investigation on anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in rodents from forest areas in northeastern china]. | to investigate the prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum in rodents from forest areas in northeastern china. | 2007 | 17649687 |
| [anapasma and human granulocytic anaplasmosis]. | 2007 | 17649695 | |
| counterpoint: long-term antibiotic therapy improves persistent symptoms associated with lyme disease. | controversy exists regarding the diagnosis and treatment of lyme disease. patients with persistent symptoms after standard (2-4-week) antibiotic therapy for this tickborne illness have been denied further antibiotic treatment as a result of the perception that long-term infection with the lyme spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, and associated tickborne pathogens is rare or nonexistent. | 2007 | 17578772 |
| human granulocytic anaplasmosis and macrophage activation. | patients with human granulocytic anaplasmosis present with fever, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and an elevated aspartate transaminase level. clinical and histopathologic features of severe disease suggest macrophage activation. twenty-nine patients with human granulocytic anaplasmosis had higher ferritin, interleukin-10, interleukin-12 p70, and interferon- gamma levels than did control subjects matched for age and sex; severity correlated with triglyceride, ferritin, and interleukin-12 p70 leve ... | 2007 | 17578779 |
| new criteria for selecting the origin of dna replication in wolbachia and closely related bacteria. | the annotated genomes of two closely related strains of the intracellular bacterium wolbachia pipientis have been reported without the identifications of the putative origin of replication (ori). identifying the ori of these bacteria and related alpha-proteobacteria as well as their patterns of sequence evolution will aid studies of cell replication and cell density, as well as the potential genetic manipulation of these widespread intracellular bacteria. | 2007 | 17584494 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum anka secreted by type iv secretion system is tyrosine phosphorylated by abl-1 to facilitate infection. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, is an obligate intracellular bacterium of granulocytes. a. phagocytophilum specifically induces tyrosine phosphorylation of a 160 kda protein (p160) in host cells. however, identity of p160, kinases involved, and effects of tyrosine phosphorylation on bacterial infection remain largely unknown. here, we demonstrated through proteomic analysis that p160, an abundant and rapidly tyrosine-phosphorylated protein throughout infe ... | 2007 | 17587335 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in a fallow deer (dama dama) population in a preserve of central italy. | from autumn 2004 to spring 2005, 70 fallow deer (dama dama), 27 female and 43 male, living in a natural preserve of central italy were examined by indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) to detect specific antibodies to anaplasma phagocytophilum. thirty-one (44.28%) sera scored positive: in particular 10 fallow deer (8 male and 2 female) scored positive at 40 antibody titer, 21 deer (8 male and 13 female) at > or = 80 titer. edta anticoagulated blood samples collected from 29 of the 70 deer exam ... | 2007 | 17619261 |
| ehrlichia species in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks in cameroon. | ehrlichia and anaplasma species are tick-transmitted obligately intracellular bacteria that commonly cause disease in dogs worldwide. in addition to causing disease in canines, ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehrlichia ewingii, and anaplasma phagocytophilum are responsible for emerging and life-threatening human zoonoses in the united states. we previously reported a high prevalence of e. canis infection in cameroonian dogs based on serologic and molecular evidence. this study was undertaken to determine ... | 2007 | 17627442 |
| conservation of transmission phenotype of anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) strains among dermacentor and rhipicephalus ticks (acari: ixodidae). | before the eradication of boophilus ticks from the united states, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini) and rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus (say) were important biological vectors of the cattle pathogen anaplasma marginale theiler. in the absence of boophilus ticks, a. marginale continues to be transmitted by dermacentor ticks. however, a few u.s. strains are not transmissible by dermacentor andersoni stiles, dermacentor variabilis (say), or both, raising the question of how these ... | 2007 | 17547235 |
| gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) as a potential reservoir of a bartonella clarridgeiae-like bacterium and domestic dogs as part of a sentinel system for surveillance of zoonotic arthropod-borne pathogens in northern california. | two species of bartonella, a novel bartonella clarridgeiae-like bacterium and b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, were isolated from rural dogs and gray foxes in northern california. a novel b. clarridgeiae-like species was isolated from 3 (1.7%) of 182 dogs and 22 (42%) of 53 gray foxes, while b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii was isolated from 1 dog (0.5%) and 5 gray foxes (9.4%). pcr and dna sequence analyses of the citrate synthase (glta) gene and the 16s-23s intergenic spacer region suggested that s ... | 2007 | 17553970 |
| [clinical and serological evidence of canine rickettsiosis in chile]. | rickettsial infections in pets have not been documented in chile. some of those infections have relevant zoonotic potential. | 2007 | 17554436 |
| contribution of polymorphisms in anka, glta, and groesl in defining genetic variants of anaplasma phagocytophilum. | analysis of several nucleotide polymorphisms in polymorphic genes (anka, glta, and groesl) from 16s rrna gene-based genetic variants of anaplasma phagocytophilum from dogs in the western united states defined at least two sets of multigene polymorphisms to further characterize these variants. the multigene polymorphism approach holds promise for development of a genotyping scheme for this important pathogen. | 2007 | 17507511 |
| emerging zoonoses and vector-borne infections affecting humans in europe. | the purpose of this study was to assess and describe the current spectrum of emerging zoonoses between 2000 and 2006 in european countries. a computerized search of the medline database from january 1966 to august 2006 for all zoonotic agents in european countries was performed using specific criteria for emergence. fifteen pathogens were identified as emerging in europe from 2000 to august 2006: rickettsiae spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi, bartonella spp., francisella tula ... | 2007 | 17445320 |
| ectoparasite diversity and exposure to vector-borne disease agents in wild rodents in central coastal california. | a survey of wild rodents was performed in the morro bay area of central coastal california to determine serological and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum dumler, barbet, bekker, dasch, palmer, ray, rikihisa, and rurangirwa, borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmidt, hyde, steigerwalt, and brenner, francisella tularensis mccoy, and yersinia pestis yersin; to describe the ectoparasitic fauna on important vector-borne disease hosts; and to determine whether pathoge ... | 2007 | 17427705 |
| high-cholesterol diet facilitates anaplasma phagocytophilum infection and up-regulates macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and cxcr2 expression in apolipoprotein e-deficient mice. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligatory intracellular bacterium that infects granulocytes and causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga). this bacterium requires cholesterol for host cell infection in vitro and incorporates exogenous cholesterol into its membrane. | 2007 | 17436230 |
| epifaunistic arthropod parasites of the four-striped mouse, rhabdomys pumilio, in the western cape province, south africa. | flea, lice, mite, and tick species associated with 510 rhabdomys pumilio were collected at 9 localities in the western cape province, south africa. the aims of the study were first to quantify the species richness, prevalence, and relative mean intensity of infestation of epifaunistic arthropod species associated with r. pumilio, and second to determine temporal variations in the mean abundance of the parasitic arthropods. each mouse was examined under a stereoscopic microscope and its parasites ... | 2007 | 17436941 |
| seroprevalence of selected infectious agents in a free-ranging, low-density lion population in the central kalahari game reserves in botswana. | twenty-one free-ranging central kalahari lions (panthera leo) exhibited a high prevalence rate of feline herpesvirus (100%) and feline immunodeficiency virus (71.4%). canine distemper virus and feline calicivirus occurred with a low prevalence. all individuals tested negative for feline coronavirus, feline parvovirus, feline leukemia virus, ehrlichia canis, and anaplasma phagocytophilum. | 2007 | 17460117 |
| detection and quantification of anaplasma marginale dna in blood samples of cattle by real-time pcr. | a taqman-based real-time pcr assay was developed for the diagnosis of anaplasma marginale infection of cattle. the established assay was proven to be highly specific, since no cross-reactions were observed with other anaplasma species of ruminants, including the closely related anaplasma centrale, or other haemoparasites of ruminants (anaplasma bovis, anaplasma ovis, anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, theileria annulata and theileria buffeli). the detection limit was equ ... | 2007 | 17466470 |
| diversifying selection and host adaptation in two endosymbiont genomes. | the endosymbiont wolbachia pipientis infects a broad range of arthropod and filarial nematode hosts. these diverse associations form an attractive model for understanding host:symbiont coevolution. wolbachia's ubiquity and ability to dramatically alter host reproductive biology also form the foundation of research strategies aimed at controlling insect pests and vector-borne disease. the wolbachia strains that infect nematodes are phylogenetically distinct, strictly vertically transmitted, and r ... | 2007 | 17470297 |
| isolation and propagation of the ap-variant 1 strain of anaplasma phagocytophilum in a tick cell line. | the first tissue culture isolates of the unique anaplasma phagocytophilum strain, ap-variant 1, were obtained in the ixodes scapularis tick-derived cell line ise6. two isolates were from goat blood samples: one from a goat infected with i. scapularis ticks from rhode island and a second from a goat infected by serial passage of blood from the first infected goat. eight isolates were made directly from i. scapularis ticks collected from white-tailed deer in minnesota and represent the first isola ... | 2007 | 17475757 |
| molecular detection of ehrlichia ruminantium infection in amblyomma variegatum ticks in the gambia. | in west africa, losses due to heartwater disease are not known because the incidence/prevalence has not been well studied or documented. to develop a diagnostic tool for molecular epidemiology, three pcr-based diagnostic assays, a nested pcs20 pcr, a nested map1 pcr and a nested reverse line blot (rlb) hybridization assay, were evaluated to determine their ability to detect infection in vector ticks, by applying them simultaneously to a. variegatum field ticks to detect ehrlichia ruminantium, th ... | 2007 | 17476576 |
| identification of midgut and salivary glands as specific and distinct barriers to efficient tick-borne transmission of anaplasma marginale. | understanding the determinants of efficient tick-borne microbial transmission is needed to better predict the emergence of highly transmissible pathogen strains and disease outbreaks. although the basic developmental cycle of anaplasma and ehrlichia spp. within the tick has been delineated, there are marked differences in the ability of specific strains to be efficiently tick transmitted. using the highly transmissible st. maries strain of anaplasma marginale in dermacentor andersoni as a positi ... | 2007 | 17420231 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum specifically induces tyrosine phosphorylation of rock1 during infection. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, an obligate intracellular pathogen that persists within polymorphonuclear leucocytes, is the second most common tick-borne agent in north america. we now show that infection of a promyelocytic cell line and neutrophils with a. phagocytophilum results in pathogen-specific tyrosine phosphorylation of rock1. phosphorylation is associated with psgl-1 and syk, because psgl-1 blocking antibodies and sirna targeting syk interfere with rock1 phosphorylation in a. phagocytophil ... | 2007 | 17346310 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum in dogs in germany. | a total number of 111 dogs were included in the present prospective study investigating the prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum in dogs in germany. dogs were divided into two groups. dogs of group 1 (n = 49) showed clinical and/or haematological signs seen in infections with a. phagocytophilum, whereas those of group 2 (n = 62) did not have any evidence of anaplasmosis. for each dog, an a. phagocytophilum 16s rrna-nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edt ... | 2007 | 17348913 |
| haemoparasites of common shrews (sorex araneus) in northwest england. | the presence of haemoparasites belonging to the taxa anaplasma, bartonella and trypanosoma was determined among 76 common shrews (sorex araneus) from northwest england. anaplasma phagocytophilum dna was recovered from the blood of 1 shrew (1.3%), with the amplified 16s rrna sequence identical to one previously reported from a bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus). trypanosoma spp. dna was detected in 9 shrews (11.8%), the amplified 18s rdna fragments being indistinguishable from one another, and d ... | 2007 | 17288633 |
| lyme disease followed by human granulocytic anaplasmosis in a kidney transplant recipient. | we report the case of a kidney transplant recipient who developed lyme disease, followed by human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga) 3 years later. a review of all previously published cases of lyme disease (3 cases), hga (5 cases), and human monocytic ehrlichiosis (hme) (5 cases) in transplant recipients is presented. manifestations of the cases reviewed were similar to those of non-transplant patients. there appeared to be no obvious correlation between immunosuppression and the occurrence of the ... | 2007 | 17313478 |
| first serological and molecular evidence on the endemicity of anaplasma ovis and a. marginale in hungary. | recurring and spontaneously curing spring haemoglobinuria was recently reported in a small sheep flock in a selenium deficient area of northern hungary. in blood smears of two animals showing clinical signs, anaplasma-like inclusion bodies were seen in erythrocytes. to extend the scope of the study, 156 sheep from 5 flocks and 26 cattle from 9 farms in the region were examined serologically with a competitive elisa to detect antibodies to anaplasma marginale, a. centrale and a. ovis. the seropos ... | 2007 | 17336001 |
| immunogenicity of anaplasma marginale type iv secretion system proteins in a protective outer membrane vaccine. | rickettsial pathogens in the genera anaplasma and ehrlichia cause acute infection in immunologically naive hosts and are major causes of tick-borne disease in animals and humans. immunization with purified outer membranes induces protection against acute anaplasma marginale infection and disease, and a proteomic and genomic approach recently identified 21 proteins within the outer membrane immunogen in addition to the well-characterized major surface proteins msp1 to msp5. among the newly descri ... | 2007 | 17339347 |
| observed prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in domestic animals in sicily, italy during 2003-2005. | the objective of this study was to characterize the observed prevalence of tick-borne pathogens (tbp) in domestic animals in sicily, italy during 2003-2005. serological (competitive elisa and indirect immunofluorescence antibody, n = 3299) and dna tests (polymerase chain reaction and reverse line blot, n = 2565) were conducted on horse, donkey, cattle, sheep, goat, pig and dog samples. pathogens analysed included anaplasma, ehrlichia, rickettsia, babesia and theileria species, and coxiella burne ... | 2007 | 17359441 |
| prevalence and genetic diversity of anaplasma marginale strains in cattle in south africa. | bovine anaplasmosis, caused by the tick-borne rickettsia anaplasma marginale, is endemic in south africa and results in considerable economic loss to the cattle industry. this study was designed to characterize strains of a. marginale at the molecular level from cattle raised in communal and commercial farms in the north-eastern and south-western regions of the free state province, south africa, that varied in rainfall and vegetation. seroprevalence to a. marginale was determined in 755 cattle b ... | 2007 | 17359443 |
| vector seasonality, host infection dynamics and fitness of pathogens transmitted by the tick ixodes scapularis. | fitness of tick-borne pathogens may be determined by the degree to which their infection dynamics in vertebrate hosts permits transmission cycles if infective and uninfected tick stages are active at different times of the year. to investigate this hypothesis we developed a simulation model that integrates the transmission pattern imposed by seasonally asynchronous nymphal and larval ixodes scapularis ticks in northeastern north america, with a model of infection in white-footed mice (peromyscus ... | 2007 | 17032476 |
| pcr detection of anaplasma platys in blood and tissue of dogs during acute phase of experimental infection. | four dogs were experimentally infected with anaplasma platys to determine changes in real-time taqman pcr detection in blood and tissue, microscopically detectable parasitemia, and platelet concentrations during the first 28 days of infection. buffy-coat blood cells were pcr positive for a. platys dna at 4 days after inoculation and remained positive in all dogs until day 14. marked thrombocytopenia and low parasitemia occurred in dogs during that initial period. during 17 and 28 days post-inocu ... | 2007 | 17034792 |
| detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia sp. hf strains in ixodes ricinus ticks in brittany, france. | dna extracts from 156 tick pools, 18 blood specimens and 17 spleens from european woodmice (apodemus sylvaticus) collected in brittany, france were tested by pcr for the 16s rrna gene of anaplasmataceae. positive amplicons were sequenced and confirmed, either by amplification and sequencing of a second gene, or by a second pcr specific for the p44 and glta genes of anaplasma phagocytophilum and the glta gene of ehrlichia sp. hf. in addition to a. phagocytophilum, the study detected ehrlichia sp. ... | 2007 | 17391395 |
| immune response of balb/c mouse immunized with recombinant msps proteins of anaplasma marginale binding to immunostimulant complex (iscom). | anaplasmosis, caused by anaplasma marginale, results in significant economic losses of cattle in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. six major surface proteins (msps) were well characterized and designated as msp1, msp2, msp3, msp4, and msp5. the objective of this study was to evaluate the humoral immune response of balb/c mice against the recombinant msps, incorporated into immunostimulating complex (iscom). the recombinant proteins purified by ni-nta columns were incorporated into isco ... | 2007 | 17395222 |
| immune-mediated erythroid and megakaryocytic aplasia in a cat. | a 6-month-old domestic shorthair cat was evaluated because of acute lethargy. | 2007 | 17397342 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum anka is tyrosine-phosphorylated at epiya motifs and recruits shp-1 during early infection. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an intracellular pathogen that infects and survives in neutrophilic granulocytes. the a. phagocytophilum genome encodes a type four secretion system (t4ss) that may facilitate intracellular survival by translocation of virulence factors, but to date, no such factors have been identified. because t4ss-translocated proteins of several intracellular organisms undergo tyrosine phosphorylation by host cell kinases, we investigated tyrosine phosphorylation of a. phagocytop ... | 2007 | 17250594 |
| association between polyarthritis and thrombocytopenia and increased prevalence of vectorborne pathogens in californian dogs. | 2007 | 17277299 | |
| cloning, sequencing, expression, and antigenic characterization of rmsp4 from anaplasma marginale isolated from paraná state, brazil. | anaplasmosis is a bovine intraerythrocytic disease caused by the bacterium anaplasma marginale; it causes significant economic losses in tropical and subtropical regions, worldwide. the msp4 gene of an a. marginale strain isolated in paran , brazil, was amplified by pcr and sequenced; its cloning into the pet102/d-topo vector produced an msp4-6xhis-v5-hp thioredoxin fusion gene construct. this recombinant clone was over-expressed in escherichia coli bl21(de-3); the expressed fusion protein was f ... | 2007 | 17278086 |
| death of a horse infected experimentally with anaplasma phagocytophilum. | a 19-year-old horse that was one of a group of six horses infected experimentally with anaplasma phagocytophilum for a study of the pathogenesis of equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis died suddenly two days after first showing clinical signs of disease. the clinical signs and laboratory findings observed before its death were similar to all those of the other infected horses, and to previous reports of this disease. a postmortem examination revealed widespread haemorrhaging in its internal organs, ... | 2007 | 17259454 |
| symbiotic bacteria in oocyte and ovarian cell mitochondria of the tick ixodes ricinus: biology and phylogenetic position. | under natural conditions, eukaryote cells may contain bacteria. arthropods such as ticks, insects or mites are a group particularly favoured by the obligate intracellular bacteria. while arthropods are vectors for some of them, other bacteria inhabit invertebrate host cells having entered mutualistic interactions. such endosymbionts dwell usually in the host cell vacuoles or cytoplasm but have been also reported from tick oocyte mitochondria. the microorganisms contribute to mitochondria degrada ... | 2007 | 17226040 |
| epidemiological survey of tick-borne encephalitis virus and anaplasma phagocytophilum co-infections in patients from regions of the czech republic endemic for tick-borne diseases. | during the period 2000-2003, patients hospitalized for suspected tick-borne encephalitis in the czech republic were screened for possible a. phagocytophilum co-infection. blood samples taken at admission were tested for the presence of a. phagocytophilum dna by nested pcr using a modified target sequence as an internal control, and sera were tested for the presence of antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence and western blotting methods using cell-culture-derived antigens. to verify the assay s ... | 2007 | 17943406 |
| wild game as a reservoir of anaplasma phagocytophilum in north-western poland. | the aim of the study was to determine the role of game animals as reservoirs of anaplasma phagocytophilum, a bacteria species transmitted by ixodes ricinus ticks, from north-western poland (zachodniopomorskie vovoidship). the area under question is endemic for a. phagocytophilum. | 2007 | 17912805 |
| ticks of small ruminants in china. | the importance of ticks and tick-borne diseases of small ruminants in china is discussed. of the 109 species of ticks identified to date in china, 45 species infest small ruminants. five species have been proved to be involved, or possibly involved, in the transmission of tick-borne diseases. anaplasma ovis, babesia motasi, babesia ovis and two unidentified species of theileria, have been recorded in small ruminants in china. the diseases caused by these organisms are widespread in china, causin ... | 2007 | 17823826 |
| asc/pycard and caspase-1 regulate the il-18/ifn-gamma axis during anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular pathogen that resides within neutrophils and can cause fever, pancytopenia, or death. ifn-gamma plays a critical role in the control of a. phagocytophilum; however, the mechanisms that regulate ifn-gamma production remain unclear. in this study, we demonstrate that apoptotic specklike protein with a caspase-activating recruiting domain (asc)/pycard, a central adaptor molecule in the nod-like receptor (nlr) pathway, regulates the il-18/ifn-ga ... | 2007 | 17878377 |
| sp110 transcription is induced and required by anaplasma phagocytophilum for infection of human promyelocytic cells. | the tick-borne intracellular pathogen, anaplasma phagocytophilum (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis after infection of polymorphonuclear leucocytes. the human sp110 gene is a member of the nuclear body (nb) components that functions as a nuclear hormone receptor transcriptional coactivator and plays an important role in immunoprotective mechanisms against pathogens in humans. in this research, we hypothesized that sp110 may be involved in the infection of hum ... | 2007 | 17883869 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum-borrelia burgdorferi coinfection enhances chemokine, cytokine, and matrix metalloprotease expression by human brain microvascular endothelial cells. | borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum coinfect and are transmitted by ixodes species ticks. clinical indicators suggest that a. phagocytophilum coinfection contributes to the severity, dissemination, and, possibly, sequelae of lyme disease. previous in vitro studies showed that spirochete penetration through human brain microvascular endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier is facilitated by endothelial cell-derived matrix metalloproteases (mmps). a. phagocytophilum-infected neu ... | 2007 | 17898182 |
| detection of rickettsia africae in rhipicephalus (boophilus) decoloratus ticks from the republic of botswana, south africa. | a total of 53 engorged adult ticks belonging to the species rhipicephalus (boophilus) decoloratus (n = 9), rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (n = 27), rhipicephalus appendiculatus (n = 9), amblyomma hebraeum (n = 5), and hyalomma marginatum turanicum (n = 3), were removed from oryx in botswana (south africa). they were tested for the presence of spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsia and anaplasma phagocytophilum using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). seventy-seven percent of r. decoloratus as well as ... | 2007 | 17690416 |
| il-12/23p40-dependent clearance of anaplasma phagocytophilum in the murine model of human anaplasmosis. | human anaplasmosis is an emerging infectious disease transmitted by ticks that can be potentially fatal in the immunocompromised and the elderly. the mechanisms of defense against the causative agent, anaplasma phagocytophilum, are not completely understood; however, interferon (ifn)-gamma plays an important role in pathogen clearance. here, we show that ifn-gamma is regulated through an early il-12/23p40-dependent mechanism. interleukin (il)-12/23p40 is regulated in macrophages and dendritic ce ... | 2007 | 17521390 |
| molecular and serological evidence for anaplasma platys and babesia sp. infection in a dog, imported in belgium, from southern spain. | this case report describes a dog suffering from a co-infection with babesia and anaplasma parasites. anaplasma platys was found to be responsible for the anaplasmosis by molecular biology techniques, while microscopical and serological evidence was found for a coexistent babesiosis, although this could not be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. moreover, the possible risk of import of exotic pathogens is highlighted. | 2007 | 17523964 |
| seroprevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and anaplasma phagocytophilum in dogs with neurological signs. | a retrospective cohort study was carried out to evaluate whether seropositivity for the tick-transmitted bacterial species borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and/or anaplasma phagocytophilum was associated with one or more specific categories of nervous system disorders in dogs. a total of 248 dogs with nervous system disorders were serotested for these agents and categorised into six main diagnostic categories: degenerative diseases of the spine, epilepsy, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, periphe ... | 2007 | 17575245 |
| differential innate immune cell activation and proinflammatory response in anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. | human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga) is caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium anaplasma phagocytophilum. the critical role of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) for induction of severe inflammatory histopathology, even in the absence of a significant bacterial load, was previously demonstrated in a murine model of hga. we hypothesized that nk, nkt, and possibly cd8(+) cytotoxic t cells participate in the development of histopathologic lesions with a. phagocytophilum infection. mice were mock ... | 2007 | 17403880 |
| identification of novel surface proteins of anaplasma phagocytophilum by affinity purification and proteomics. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is the etiologic agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga), one of the major tick-borne zoonoses in the united states. the surface of a. phagocytophilum plays a crucial role in subverting the hostile host cell environment. however, except for the p44/msp2 outer membrane protein family, the surface components of a. phagocytophilum are largely unknown. to identify the major surface proteins of a. phagocytophilum, a membrane-impermeable, cleavable biotin reagent, sulf ... | 2007 | 17766422 |
| survey for zoonotic rickettsial pathogens in northern flying squirrels, glaucomys sabrinus, in california. | epidemic typhus, caused by rickettsia prowazekii, is maintained in a southern flying squirrel (glaucomys volans) sylvatic cycle in the southeastern united states. the northern flying squirrel (glaucomys sabrinus) has not been previously associated with r. prowazekii transmission. a second rickettsial pathogen, anaplasma phagocytophilum, infects dusky-footed woodrats (neotoma fuscipes) and tree squirrels in northern california. because northern flying squirrels or their ectoparasites have not bee ... | 2007 | 17984264 |
| ultrastructural evidence of the ehrlichial developmental cycle in naturally infected ixodes persulcatus ticks in the course of coinfection with rickettsia, borrelia, and a flavivirus. | ehrlichiae are small gram-negative obligately intracellular bacteria that multiply within vacuoles of their host cells and are associated for a part of their life cycle with ticks, which serve as vectors for vertebrate hosts. two morphologically and physiologically different ehrlichial cell types, reticulate cells (rc) and dense-cored cells (dc), are observed during experimental infection of cell cultures, mice, and ticks. dense-cored cells and reticulate cells in vertebrate cell lines alternate ... | 2007 | 18171109 |
| prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum in ixodes ricinus ticks determined by polymerase chain reaction with two pairs of primers detecting 16s rrna and anka genes. | a total of 684 ixodes ricinus ticks (321 nymphs, 184 males, and 179 females) were collected by flagging lower vegetation in 6 forest districts located on the territory of lublin province (eastern poland). ticks were examined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method for the presence of anaplasma phagocytophilum dna with two pairs of primers: ehr521/ehr747 for detecting 16s rrna gene, and la6/la1 for detecting anka gene. to study the relationship between infection in ticks and people occupational ... | 2007 | 18247465 |
| detection of anaplasma dna in ixodes ricinus ticks: pitfalls. | a total of 150 nymphal ixodes ricinus (l., 1758) (acari: ixodidae) from the czech republic were examined for anaplasma phagocytophilum (foggie, 1949) dumler et al., 2001 by pcr using ehr521/747 primers: 22 of 50 pools were positive (minimum prevalence, 14.7%). however, sequencing of the pcr products did not show complete homology with a. phagocytophilum (91%) while the closest relationship (95%) was found to "candidatus ehrlichia walkefii". the results indicate a need for care in interpretation ... | 2007 | 18303773 |
| retrospective clinical and molecular analysis of conditioned laboratory dogs (canis familiaris) with serologic reactions to ehrlichia canis, borrelia burgdorferi, and rickettsia rickettsii. | dogs are susceptible to different tickborne infections, including members of the anaplasmataceae (ehrlichia canis, e. ewingii, e. chaffeensis, anaplasma phagocytophilum, a. platys), borrelia burgdorferi, and rickettsia rickettsii. these diseases can manifest with clinical signs including fever, anorexia, malaise, lameness, rash, and bleeding episodes; however, these signs are nonpathognomonic, and infections can occur in the absence of clinical signs. hematologic abnormalities can include leukop ... | 2008 | 18947166 |
| [seroepidemiological evidence of human exposure to anaplasma sp in santiago, chile]. | to find more evidence of human exposure to anaplasma sp in chile, we studied 108 contacts of dogs with canine ehrlichiosis (ce) (risk group) and 61 persons without tick or ce cases contact (control group). a survey including risk factors and history of diseases compatible with ehrlichiosis/ anaplasmosis was applied to the risk group. serum igg anti-anaplasma sp antibodies were determined in both groups. | 2008 | 18949148 |
| a serosurvey of anaplasma phagocytophilum in blood donors in crete, greece. | 2008 | 18293019 | |
| genetic diversity of anaplasma marginale strains from an outbreak of bovine anaplasmosis in an endemic area. | anaplasma marginale is a tick-borne pathogen of cattle that causes the disease bovine anaplasmosis worldwide. major surface proteins (msps) are involved in host-pathogen and tick-pathogen interactions and have been used as markers for the genetic characterization of a. marginale strains. a. marginale genotypes are highly variable in endemic areas worldwide. the genetic composition of a. marginale strains during anaplasmosis outbreaks has been characterized in one study only which reported a sing ... | 2008 | 18842342 |
| seroprevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum in domestic and wild animals from central italy. | from january 2004 to july 2007, 2455 sera were collected from domestic and wild animals living in central italy and tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay to detect antibodies against anaplasma phagocytophilum. considering sera with 1:40 antibody titers as positive, 336 (13.68%) animals scored positive. the percentages of seropositivity were: 46.26% (31/67) in fallow deer, 46.15% (24/52) in red deer, 16.89% (134/793) in horses, 16.78% (23/137) in cattle, 12.74% (13/102) in sheep, 8.76% (108 ... | 2008 | 18843892 |
| skin manifestations of lyme borreliosis: diagnosis and management. | lyme borreliosis is a multisystem infectious disease caused by tick-transmitted spirochetes of the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. the three characteristic cutaneous manifestations are erythema migrans, borrelial lymphocytoma, and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. erythema migrans occurs in acute lyme borreliosis, lymphocytoma is a subacute lesion, and acrodermatitis is the typical manifestation of late lyme borreliosis. clinical appearances of erythema migrans and lymphocytoma (when ... | 2008 | 18973402 |
| application of 10% imidacloprid/50% permethrin to prevent ehrlichia canis exposure in dogs under natural conditions. | canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme) caused by ehrlichia canis is the most known canine tick-borne disease (tbd) spread throughout the world. preventing tick bites is a priority to reduce the risk of tbds and it was the aim of the present study to evaluate the efficacy of a combination of imidacloprid 10% and permethrin 50% (imper) (advantix; bayer ag, germany) in a spot-on formulation to control cme under field conditions. on january-march 2005, 845 dogs from two kennels in southern italy (kenne ... | 2008 | 18359166 |
| larvae of chigger mites neotrombicula spp. (acari: trombiculidae) exhibited borrelia but no anaplasma infections: a field study including birds from the czech carpathians as hosts of chiggers. | chigger mites were collected from 1,080 wild birds of 37 species at certak (czech republic), in the western carpathian mountains, from 29 july to 24 september 2005. the prevalence of infestation with chigger larvae was 7%. a total of 325 chigger specimens from 10 bird species was identified and three chigger species were found: neotrombicula autumnalis, n. carpathica, and n. inopinata, the latter two species being reported on new hosts. neotrombicula carpathica is reported in the czech republic ... | 2008 | 18401688 |
| incidence of various tick-borne microorganisms in rodents and ticks of central slovakia. | in this study, we detected rickettsia helvetica, candidatus midichloria mitochondrii, anaplasma phagocytophilum, ehrlichia muris, candidatus neoehrlichia mikurensis, and bartonella sp. infections in wild rodents and ticks collected from the vegetation of central slovakia. the microorganisms were identified by pcr and sequencing. yellow-necked mice (apodemus flavicollis) were infected with e. muris and bartonella sp., while ticks ixodes ricinus collected from the vegetation were infected with r. ... | 2008 | 18999892 |
| infection and co-infection rates of anaplasma phagocytophilum variants, babesia spp., borrelia burgdorferi, and the rickettsial endosymbiont in ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) from sites in indiana, maine, pennsylvania, and wisconsin. | in total, 394 questing adult blacklegged ticks, ixodes scapularis say (acari: ixodidae), collected at four sites were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for five microbial species: anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia microti, babesia odocoilei, borrelia burgdorferi, and the rickettsial i. scapularis endosymbiont. identities of genetic variants of a. phagocytophilum were determined by sequencing a portion of the 16s dna. in 55% of infected ticks (193/351), a single agent was detected. in ... | 2008 | 18402145 |
| predicting the emergence of tick-borne infections based on climatic changes in korea. | granulocytic anaplasmosis (ga) and monocytic ehrlichiosis (me) are maintained in wild rodent reservoirs and tick vectors in the republic of korea. this study investigated the prevalence of 2 tick-borne pathogens, anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia chaffeensis, in wild rodents and ticks in central korea to identify any significant associations with existing or changing climatic conditions. specifically, the goal of this study was to develop simple models for the probability of occurrence of ... | 2008 | 18429692 |
| rapid deletion of antigen-specific cd4+ t cells following infection represents a strategy of immune evasion and persistence for anaplasma marginale. | acquired t cell immunity is central for protection against infection. however, the immunological consequences of exposing memory t cells to high ag loads during acute and persistent infection with systemic pathogens are poorly understood. we investigated this by using infection with anaplasma marginale, a ruminant pathogen that replicates to levels of 10(9) bacteria per ml of blood during acute infection and maintains mean bacteremia levels of 10(6) per ml during long-term persistent infection. ... | 2008 | 19017965 |
| clinical features of canine granulocytic anaplasmosis in 18 naturally infected dogs. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of canine granulocytic anaplasmosis (cga), is a gram-negative intracellular organism transmitted by ixodid ticks. thus far, only a few clinical studies evaluating dogs with cga have been published. | 2008 | 18783353 |
| cyclic variation in lambs infected with anaplasma phagocytophilum. | 2008 | 18791211 | |
| meta-analysis of coinfection and coexposure with borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum in humans, domestic animals, wildlife, and ixodes ricinus-complex ticks. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, which causes granulocytic anaplasmosis, and borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme borreliosis, are transmitted in multiple holarctic regions by the same ixodes sp. tick vectors and maintained in sylvatic cycles with the same rodent reservoirs. coinfection of humans, domestic animals, wildlife, and ticks with both b. burgdorferi and a. phagocytophilum appears to be common, yet the pathologic mechanisms and ecology remain poorly understood compared with single-agent in ... | 2008 | 18789001 |
| relative importance of ixodes ricinus and ixodes trianguliceps as vectors for anaplasma phagocytophilum and babesia microti in field vole (microtus agrestis) populations. | the importance of ixodes ricinus in the transmission of tick-borne pathogens is well recognized in the united kingdom and across europe. however, the role of coexisting ixodes species, such as the widely distributed species ixodes trianguliceps, as alternative vectors for these pathogens has received little attention. this study aimed to assess the relative importance of i. ricinus and i. trianguliceps in the transmission of anaplasma phagocytophilum and babesia microti among united kingdom fiel ... | 2008 | 18820068 |
| [immune-humoral response of water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) against anaplasma marginale (theiler, 1910)]. | the aim of the present study was to analyze the humoral-immune response of water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) naturally infected against anaplasma marginale. for this work, colostrums/milk and blood samples were sequentially collected from buffalo cows prior and after partum for a period of 335 days and from buffalo calves from birth to 365 days after. the antibodies in the colostrums/milk and serum samples of these animals were determined using an elisa indirect method and the data were analyzed a ... | 2008 | 18823574 |