Publications

pharmacological studies of antigen-induced arthritis in balb/c mice. i. characterization of the arthritis and the effects of steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents.	chronic monoarticular allergic arthritis was induced in balb/c mice using methylated bsa as antigen and freund's complete adjuvant, together with bordetella pertussis as a secondary adjuvant. the optimum conditions for induction of chronic persistent arthritis and the histological characteristics of the arthritic lesion are described. both the synovitis and erosive progression of the arthritis could be suppressed by daily treatment with prednisolone (1-10 mg/kg) or dexamethasone (0.5-2.5 mg/kg) ...	1986	3751751
so2-induced bronchopathy decreases airway sensitization with intratracheal ovalbumin in the rat.	we investigated in this study the effect of so2-induced bronchopathy on airway sensitization to ovalbumin in the rat. sprague-dawley rats were immunized with a single intratracheal injection of ovalbumin (oa) 100 micrograms in 0.1 ml pbs or 0.1 ml bordetella pertussis (bp) heat-killed vaccine (6.5 x 10(9) cells x ml-1). the rats were primed immediately after so2 exposure (60 h, 200 ppm; group i, n = 16) and three months after exposure was achieved (group ii, n = 24), then compared to a control g ...	1986	3768566
pertussigen in vivo enhances antigen-specific production in vitro of lymphokine that stimulates macrophage procoagulant activity and plasminogen activator.	pertussigen is a protein toxin of bordetella pertussis that acts as a powerful stimulator of the intensity and duration of delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) in mice. this study describes the potent in vivo effect of pertussigen on the levels of antigen-specific macrophage-activating lymphokine(s); lymphokine(s) was measured by the stimulation of macrophage procoagulant activity (mpca), or plasminogen activator (pa) activity. lymphoid cells were removed from immunized animals and cultured with ...	1986	3782790
factors influencing the immunogenicity of the haptenic drug chlorhexidine in mice. ii. the role of the carrier and adjuvants in the induction of ige and igg anti-hapten responses.	the roles of carrier and adjuvant in the induction of primary antibody responses to the haptenic drug chlorhexidine (which interacts only electrostatically with proteins) and its n-chlorinated derivative (which binds covalently to proteins) were investigated. n-chloro chlorhexidine, covalently linked to either ovalbumin, klh, thaumatin, lps-associated protein or human serum protein, but not autologous mouse serum protein or lps itself, induced both ige and igg anti-chlorhexidine antibody synthes ...	1986	3793138
effect of adenosine deaminase, n6-phenylisopropyladenosine and hypothyroidism on the responsiveness of rat brown adipocytes to noradrenaline.	adenosine deaminase (1 unit/ml) potentiated the lipolytic action of noradrenaline in adipocytes isolated from brown adipose tissue of 1- and 6-week-old rats by decreasing the ec50 (concn. giving 50% of maximal effect) for noradrenaline by 3-4-fold. with cells from neonatal rabbit tissue, adenosine deaminase only had a small, non-significant, effect on the ec50 for noradrenaline. lipolysis in rat brown adipocytes was inhibited by low concentrations of n6-phenylisopropyladenosine (pia). rabbit cel ...	1986	3800944
angiotensin ii and dopamine modulate both camp and inositol phosphate productions in anterior pituitary cells. involvement in prolactin secretion.	despite their opposite effects on prolactin secretion, both dopamine and angiotensin ii inhibit adenylate cyclase activity in homogenates of anterior pituitary cells in primary culture. dopamine and angiotensin ii inhibition of adenylate cyclase was not additive, suggesting that both neurohormones inhibit the adenylate cyclase of the lactotroph cells. pretreatment with bordetella pertussis toxin (islet activator protein) completely suppressed the dopamine-induced inhibition of both adenylate cyc ...	1986	3005316
the influence of bordetella pertussis and its constituents on the beta-adrenergic receptor in the guinea pig respiratory system.	in the present study, the effect of vaccination of guinea pigs with bordetella pertussis was investigated, 4 days after treatment, on the cholinergic and beta-adrenergic receptor function in isolated tracheal spirals and the number of beta-adrenoceptor binding sites in guinea pig lung. it was found that b. pertussis caused an impairment in the beta-adrenoceptor function and a decrease in its number. similar results were obtained with endotoxin. leucocytosis promoting factor, however, was ineffec ...	1986	3005792
effect of islet-activating pertussis toxin on the binding characteristics of ca2+-mobilizing hormones and on agonist activation of phosphorylase in hepatocytes.	islet-activating protein (iap, a bordetella pertussis toxin) was employed to test the hypothesis that the inhibitory gtp-binding regulatory protein of adenylate cyclase (ni) mediates gtp effects on the binding of ca2+-mobilizing hormones to liver plasma membranes and is involved in calcium mobilization stimulated by these agonists. iap added to normal liver plasma membranes catalyzed the incorporation of radioactivity from [32p]nad into a 41,000-da peptide (presumably the alpha-subunit of ni). h ...	1986	3005828
[stimulation of pituitary-adrenocortical system by cepharanthine].	we observed that cepharanthine might exert its anti-allergic action by stimulating the secretion of corticosterone. the present experiments were carried out to investigate stimulation of the pituitary-adrenocortical system by cepharanthine. administration of cepharanthine to rats produced increases in plasma and adrenal corticosterone levels. administration of cepharanthine to propranolol pretreated rats also produced increases in plasma and adrenal corticosterone levels and plasma acth level. t ...	1986	3009288
effect of myeloma ige injections on passive and active cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats.	the ability of injected rat ige myeloma protein ir162 to inhibit passive and active cutaneous anaphylaxis in lewis rats was investigated. ige injected i.p. 24 hr before the sensitization with ige anti-ovalbumin (ova) completely inhibited both ige- and igg2a-induced passive cutaneous anaphylactic (pca) reactions at a dose (2.5 mg/100 g body weight) that resulted in peak serum concentrations of 150 micrograms ige ir162/ml. peak ige ir162 serum concentrations of 20 to 60 micrograms/ml inhibited the ...	1986	3484388
effect of bordetella pertussis vaccine on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats.	administration of bordetella pertussis vaccine simultaneously with the immunization of rats with guinea pig encephalitogenic protein in freund's complete adjuvant results in the development of hyperacute encephalomyelitis in the lewis strain, a strain which reacts with ordinary experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) when immunization is performed without pertussis vaccine. a marked augmentation of the eae response was seen with pertussis vaccine in the fischer and pvg strains, both low ...	1986	3485580
the effects of pertussis toxin on the induction and transfer of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis.	experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (eau), an intraocular inflammatory disease, is induced in experimental animals by immunization with a retinal specific antigen, s-antigen (s-ag), emulsified in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa). the induction of eau is enhanced by treating s-ag-immunized animals with bordetella pertussis. this study examined the effects of a purified component of b. pertussis, pertussis toxin (ptx), on eau induction as well as the mode of action of this toxin. treatment of le ...	1986	3486070
in vitro cell-mediated and complement-mediated cytotoxicity to murine testicular cells.	male balb/c mice at 8 to 14 weeks of age were divided into three groups: group 1 was immunized with an emulsion of testicular cells (tcs) (10(7)/mouse), complete freund's adjuvant (cfa), and extract of bordetella pertussis (bp); group 2 was given cfa and bp injections; and group 3 was given sterile saline injections. suspensions of tcs and spleen cells (scs) from each mouse were prepared 4 weeks after the first immunization for a cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) assay. for the antibody-dependent cel ...	1986	3491547
a guanine nucleotide regulatory protein controls polyphosphoinositide metabolism, ca2+ mobilization, and cellular responses to chemoattractants in human monocytes.	previous studies demonstrated that oligopeptide chemoattractant receptors on pmn and macrophages exist in high and low affinity states which are interconvertible by guanosine di- and triphosphates. these observations suggest that guanine nucleotide regulatory (n) proteins play a role in phagocyte activation by chemotactic factors. the data presented here indicate that chemotactic factor receptors on monocytes utilize an n protein to activate phospholipase c and subsequent biologic responses by t ...	1986	3011906
[action of plant extracts on the natural immunity indices of animals].	the influence of extracts from oak bark, st. john's-wort leaves and pine buds on natural immunity characteristics of mice has been studied. the injection of these extracts into mice has been found to enhance their resistance to infection with staphylococcus aureus and bordetella pertussis virulent cultures, to decrease the enzymatic activity of 5'-nucleotidase in the peritoneal exudate macrophages of mice and to increase the level of lysozyme in their blood. the action of these extracts has prov ...	1986	3012909
activation of muscarinic receptors in pc12 cells. correlation between cytosolic ca2+ rise and phosphoinositide hydrolysis.	the intracellular signals generated by carbachol activation of the muscarinic receptor [release of inositol phosphates as a consequence of phosphoinositide hydrolysis and rise of the cytosolic ca2+ concentration ([ca2+]i, measured by quin2)] were studied in intact pc12 pheochromocytoma cells that had been differentiated by treatment with nerve growth factor. when measured in parallel samples of the same cell preparation 30 s after receptor activation, the release of inositol trisphosphate and of ...	1986	3013159
prokaryotic adenylate cyclase toxin stimulates anterior pituitary cells in culture.	bordetella pertussis synthesizes a variety of virulence factors including a calmodulin-dependent adenylate cyclase (ac) toxin. treatment of anterior pituitary cells with this ac toxin resulted in an increase in cellular camp levels that was associated with accelerated exocytosis of growth hormone (gh), prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth), and luteinizing hormone (lh). the kinetics of release of these hormones, however, were markedly different; gh and prolactin were rapidly released, wh ...	1986	3017120
the action of islet activating protein (pertussis toxin) on insulin's ability to inhibit adenylate cyclase and activate cyclic amp phosphodiesterases in hepatocytes.	treatment of hepatocytes with islet activating protein (pertussis toxin) from bordetella pertussis blocked the ability of insulin to inhibit adenylate cyclase activity both in broken plasma membranes and in intact hepatocytes. such treatment of intact hepatocytes with pertussis toxin did not prevent insulin from activating the peripheral plasma membrane cyclic amp phosphodiesterase although it did inhibit the ability of insulin to activate the 'dense-vesicle' cyclic amp phosphodiesterase. the ab ...	1986	3017298
leukotriene b4 induces formation of inositol phosphates in rat peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes.	leukotriene b4 (ltb4) induced rapid breakdown of prelabeled inositol phospholipids in rat peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns). formation of [3h]inositol triphosphate ([3h]ip3) was rapid, with a peak of 250-300% of the control level, after 5-15 sec of exposure to ltb4. accumulation of [3h]inositol bisphosphate was rapid, peaking after 30 sec of treatment. accumulation of [3h]inositol monophosphate was also rapid in the presence of licl. the kinetics of [3h]ip3, [3h]inositol bisphosphat ...	1986	3018480
adenylate cyclase inhibition is not involved in the adrenal steroidogenic response to angiotensin ii.	angiotensin ii (aii) receptors in adrenal glomerulosa cells are coupled to adenylate cyclase inhibition. we investigated the importance of cyclase inhibition in adrenal steroidogenesis by treating adrenal glomerulosa cells with the toxin of bordetella pertussis (20 ng/ml) for 3 and 18 h. this treatment prevented inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase by aii. however, the aldosterone response to aii was not altered by toxin treatment. these results strongly suggest that adenylate cy ...	1986	3019640
polymyxin-b inhibition of lps-induced interleukin-1 secretion by human monocytes is dependent upon the lps origin.	polymyxin-b (pmb) is an antibiotic known to inhibit various biological activities induced by lipopolysaccharides (lps). we have investigated the ability of pmb to inhibit lps-induced interleukin-1 (il-1) secretion by human monocytes in vitro. interleukin-1 was assayed by the conventional comitogenic assay using mice thymocytes. our data demonstrate that pmb (1-2 micrograms/assay)-mediated inhibition of lps-induced il-1 secretion depends on the origin of the lps. interleukin-1 secretions induced ...	1986	3023974
neurotoxicity of bordetella pertussis.	pertussis is a unique disease in which the harmful effects are mediated by an exotoxin that effects stimulation of the adrenergic system which is neuronally controlled. the interdependence of the growth of bacteria and toxin production, and the local colonization of the bacteria that precedes the clinical symptom of the disease reflect the nature of the disease. pertussis toxin enzymatically alters the function of numerous regulatory cells that is demonstrable, after an interval of time, by a sp ...	1986	3024080
cytoplasmic ph regulation in activated human neutrophils: effects of adenosine and pertussis toxin on na+/h+ exchange and metabolic acidification.	when stimulated, neutrophils undergo a complex change in cytoplasmic ph (phi): an incipient acidification, followed by an alkalinization which is due to activation of na+/h+ exchange. when the latter is inhibited by amiloride or by removal of extracellular na+, the actual magnitude of the initial acidification can be fully appreciated. the acidification is thought to be of metabolic origin, but the precise origin of the h+ (equivalents) remains undefined. we used adenosine, a modulator of neutro ...	1986	3024727
sensitivity of adipocyte lipolysis to stimulatory and inhibitory agonists in hypothyroidism and starvation.	the responsiveness of lipolysis to the stimulatory agonists noradrenaline, corticotropin and glucagon and to the inhibitory agonists n6-phenylisopropyladenosine, prostaglandin e1 and nicotinic acid was investigated with rat white adipocytes incubated with a high concentration of adenosine deaminase (1 unit/ml). the cells were obtained from fed or 48 h-starved euthyroid animals or from fed or starved animals rendered hypothyroid by 4 weeks of treatment with low-iodine diet and propylthiouracil. h ...	1986	3026350
antiviral activity of bordetella pertussis vaccine-elicited peritoneal exudate cells.	peritoneal exudate cells collected from mice 7 days after treatment with bordetella pertussis vaccine exhibited significant in vitro antiviral activity against vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). vaccine-induced peritoneal exudate cells exhibited both intrinsic and extrinsic antiviral activity in culture with target vsv-infected l cells. virus replication was poor in the vaccine-induced exudate cells. coculture of vaccine-induced exudate cells and vsv-infected l cell targets decreased virus yield. ...	1986	3027186
leukotriene b4 stimulation of phagocytes results in the formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. a second messenger for ca2+ mobilization.	inositol trisphosphate (insp3) production and cytosolic free ca2+ ([ca2+]i) elevations induced by leukotriene b4 (ltb4)-receptor activation were studied in the human promyelocytic-leukaemia cell line hl60, induced to differentiate by retinoic acid. the myeloid-differentiated hl60 cells respond to ltb4 by raising their [ca2+]i with a dose-response relationship similar to that shown by normal human neutrophils. the observations of the ltb4 transduction mechanism were compared with those of the tra ...	1986	3028373
induction of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis and pinealitis by irbp. comparison to uveoretinitis induced by s-antigen and opsin.	microgram quantities bovine irbp (interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein) injected in freund's complete adjuvant induced severe autoimmune uveoretinitis and pinealitis in lewis rats. at low doses the onset was accelerated and intensified by co-injection of hemophilus pertussis bacteria. wistar, bn and pvg rats were less susceptible, while the eyes of athymic, nude rats did not respond. the disease developed similar to but faster than s-antigen-induced uveoretinitis, while its onset was one ...	1986	2938889
susceptibility of cartilage to damage by immunological inflammation.	injection of ovalbumin into subcutaneous air pouches prepared on the backs of rats previously sensitised to the antigen resulted in the induction of a small and transient accumulation of inflammatory fluid with a predominantly polymorph cell infiltrate. challenge of pouches of appropriately sensitised rats with bordetella pertussis vaccine, on the other hand, resulted in a larger and more prolonged accumulation of fluid and cells with a predominantly mononuclear presence. when intact homologous ...	1986	2942490
cellular interactions in the adoptive transfer of contact sensitivity: characterization of an antigen-nonspecific vicia villosa-adherent t cell needed for adoptive transfer into naive recipients.	the adoptive transfer of delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) into naive recipients requires the interaction of two functionally distinct ly-1+ t cells: and i-j- cell effector cell for dth which transfers antigen-specific dth only into animals whose suppressive mechanisms have been compromised, and and i-j+ cell which alone never transfers dth but allows the transfer of dth by the i-j- dth effector cell into naive animals. we investigated the phenotypic and functional characteristics of the cell ...	1986	2943803
alpha-subunits of ns are released from the plasma membrane following cholera toxin activation.	cholera toxin (ct) and islet-activating protein (iap, a bordetella pertussis toxin) were employed to test the hypothesis that gtp-binding regulatory proteins are released from plasma membranes to a greater extent when 'activated' than when 'inactivated'. ct, which activates ns (the stimulatory gtp-binding regulatory protein of the adenylate cyclase system), catalyzed the incorporation of radioactivity from [32p]nad into 45 and 47.5 kda peptides associated with rat liver plasma membranes. followi ...	1986	3086121
dual effects of pertussis toxin on lymphoid cells in culture.	pertussis toxin (ptx), a component of bordetella pertussis, is responsible for many of the biological activities of this bacterium, including its potent adjuvant capacity. in attempt to better understand the ptx activity on the immune response in vivo, we have examined the effect of ptx on certain lymphoid cell responses in vitro which could be targets for the adjuvant activity of this molecule. ptx was found to stimulate a variety of cell responses which include (a) increased production and rel ...	1986	3091265
pertussigen enhances antigen-driven interferon-gamma production by sensitized lymphoid cells.	we have studied the effects on interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) production of pertussigen, a protein toxin from bordetella pertussis that augments and prolongs delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) reactions. lymphoid cell suspensions from immunized mice were incubated with antigen or mitogen, and the culture supernatants were assayed for ifn-gamma. the production of ifn-gamma on exposure to specific antigen or concanavalin a was greatly enhanced if mice were given pertussigen at the time of immunizat ...	1986	3091271
a search for subclinical infection during a small outbreak of whooping cough: implications for clinical diagnosis.	the transmission of whooping cough in a general practice community was followed after the identification of the first case for nearly three years. intensive case-finding was undertaken to detect contacts of known cases of whooping cough and to take pernasal swabs from those with any cough; 102 swabs were taken. in three months 39 cases of whooping cough were clinically diagnosed, 17 (44%) of which were confirmed bacteriologically. all had a prolonged paroxysmal cough, one-third reported a catarr ...	1986	3668903
production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specifically reactive with the different subunits of toxin from "bordetella pertussis".		1986	3426876
pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway in the stimulation of c-myc expression and dna synthesis by bombesin.	the bombesin-like peptides are potent mitogens for swiss 3t3 fibroblasts, human bronchial epithelial cells, and cells isolated from small cell carcinoma of the lung. the mechanism of signal transduction in the proliferative response to bombesin was investigated by studying the effect of bordetella pertussis toxin on bombesin-stimulated mitogenesis. at nanomolar concentrations, bombesin increased levels of c-myc messenger rna and stimulated dna synthesis in swiss 3t3 cells. treatment of the cells ...	1986	3465038
rapid purification of bordetella pertussis toxin by alternating affinity and hydrophobic chromatography.	pertussis toxin was purified to homogeneity from a 2-day culture supernatant of bordetella pertussis by stepwise elution from three columns of, consecutively, blue sepharose, phenyl sepharose, and hydroxyapatite. the toxin was eluted from blue sepharose and hydroxyapatite by high ionic strength and from phenyl sepharose with low ionic strength and with 17% glycerol. toxin fractions from one chromatographic column were immediately charged on the next column, saving laborious and time-consuming co ...	1986	3826625
purification of a protein with hypoglycaemic effect from bordetella pertussis cell extracts.		1986	2872158
filamentous hemagglutinin has a major role in mediating adherence of bordetella pertussis to human widr cells.	[35s]methionine-labeled bordetella pertussis adhered to monolayers of widr cells, an epitheliumlike cell line from a human intestinal carcinoma. adherence was proportional to the density of the widr cells and to the concentration of b. pertussis in the assay. adherence of virulent phase i strains tohama phase i, 114, and bp338 was much greater than adherence of avirulent strains tohama phase iii and 423 phase iv. mutants deficient in the production of the filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) were hem ...	1986	2872165
effects of the novel immunomodulator ls 2616 on the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to bordetella pertussis in the rat.	treatment of sprague-dawley rats with the compound ls 2616, a quinoline-3-carboxamide, enhanced the delayed-type hypersensitivity response (dth) to recall antigens as judged by the specific accumulation of inflammatory cells after challenge with bordetella pertussis in the pleural space. ls 2616 was effective when given both before sensitization and at the time of secondary antigen challenge. the effect of ls 2616 on dth was dose-dependent. ls 2616 was highly effective in enhancing dth in rats w ...	1986	2872188
comparison of blood-free medium (cyclodextrin solid medium) with bordet-gengou medium for clinical isolation of bordetella pertussis.	cyclodextrin solid medium (csm) developed by us was evaluated to be a suitable synthetic medium for the clinical isolation of bordetella pertussis when compared with bordet-gengou (bg) medium. the addition of 5 micrograms of cephalexin (cex) per ml to csm not only supported the good growth of b. pertussis but also sufficiently suppressed the growth of nasopharyngeal flora. during period 1 of this study, nasopharyngeal specimens from 60 patients with clinical pertussis were inoculated on csm supp ...	1986	2872229
use of implantable intraperitoneal diffusion chambers to study bordetella pertussis pathogenesis: growth and toxin production in vivo.	a new animal model for bordetella pertussis infection is described. the system utilizes small chambers bounded by 0.22-micron filter membranes. the chambers are inoculated with b. pertussis, sealed, and surgically implanted into the peritoneal cavity of mice. the chamber system allows dynamic interchange of soluble host and bacterial factors, but not cells. we have used this system to study the growth of various clinical isolates and vaccine strains of b. pertussis, including an isogenic virulen ...	1986	2872255
the fatty acid content of the bordetella pertussis endotoxin.	the fatty acid content of bordetella pertussis endotoxin has been estimated by several methods. expressed as 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid, it was 0.74 mumol (mg lyophilized material)-1, 0.38 mumol being ester-bound, and 0.32 mumol in amide linkage. reported molar ratios of ester-bound to amide-bound fatty acids in endotoxins of various bacterial species range from 2.4 to 2 in b. pertussis, to 5 to 2 in salmonella minnesota; according to these figures large differences must exist in the degree of ...	1986	2872266
antigenic heterogeneity in subunit s1 of pertussis toxin.	culture supernates containing pertussis toxin (pt) from four strains of bordetella pertussis were examined for both immunological reactivity and biological activity. pt from all four strains sensitized mice to histamine and toxin was detectable in supernates of all strains when examined by western blotting with polyclonal antiserum to pt. in supernates of three of the four strains, pt was detectable by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using mouse monoclonal antibody to subunit s1 of ...	1986	2872269
[use of a lyophilized preparation of bordetella pertussis endotoxin-coated sheep erythrocytes in the serological diagnosis of whooping cough].		1986	2872387
characterization of the filamentous hemagglutinin from bordetella pertussis by gel electrophoresis.	a highly purified preparation of filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) from bordetella pertussis was analyzed for its protein composition by gel electrophoretic methods. in this preparation of fha the following native species could be detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) at ph 3.2: s1 and s2 (inactive subunits or fragments); two monomers, a major form designated ia (144k), and a minor form ib, differing only in net charge; and three oligomeric forms, designated ii (213k), iii (595k) a ...	1986	2872590
stimulation of the thiol-dependent adp-ribosyltransferase and nad glycohydrolase activities of bordetella pertussis toxin by adenine nucleotides, phospholipids, and detergents.	pertussis toxin catalyzed adp-ribosylation of the guanyl nucleotide binding protein transducin was stimulated by adenine nucleotide and either phospholipids or detergents. to determine the sites of action of these agents, their effects were examined on the transducin-independent nad glycohydrolase activity. toxin-catalyzed nad hydrolysis was increased synergistically by atp and detergents or phospholipids; the zwitterionic detergent 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (chap ...	1986	2872921
cloning and sequencing of the pertussis toxin genes: operon structure and gene duplication.	pertussis toxin, a protein composed of five different subunits (s1, s2, s3, s4, and s5), is the major virulence factor of bordetella pertussis. we have cloned and sequenced a dna fragment of 4.7 kilobases that contains the genes coding for the five subunits. the genes are clustered within 3.2 kilobases in the following order: s1, s2, s4, s5, and s3. a sequence closely resembling escherichia coli promoters is found only before the s1 gene, and a possible termination signal is present at the end o ...	1986	2873570
a simple method for the assay of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase employing 31p nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.	a simple method for the simultaneous assay of both substrate utilization and product formation by bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase has been developed. this method involves measurement of atp remaining in the reaction mixture and cyclic 3',5'-amp (camp) formation by 31p-nmr spectroscopy. no separation of the nucleotides is required. the measurement of the rate of camp formation compared very well with other methods that require separation of product from the substrate. with this method it h ...	1986	2874163
comparison of three media for culture of bordetella pertussis.		1986	2874987
the carrier state: bordetella pertussis.		1986	2875052
helical structure of bordetella pertussis fimbriae.	the helical structures of bordetella pertussis fimbriae of serotypes 2 and 6 were determined by optical diffraction analysis of electron micrographs of negatively stained paracrystalline bundles of purified fimbriae. the fimbrial structure is based on an axial repeat of 13 nm that contains five repeating units in two complete turns of a single-start helix. this structure was confirmed by direct measurements of mass per unit length for individual fimbriae performed by dark-field scanning transmis ...	1986	2875062
association of bordetella pertussis-induced hypersensitivity to serotonin with the h-2 gene complex.	susceptibility to bordetella pertussis-induced sensitivity to serotonin was found to be associated with the h-2 gene complex in mice. h-2 congenic and independent strains which possess the h-2b and h-2s haplotypes were susceptible to serotonin sensitization by pertussigen (p-hsf) while mice with the h-2k and h-2d haplotypes were resistant. the gene or genes which control susceptibility were found to map to the h-2sbdb end of the h-2 complex; susceptibility appears to be inherited as a co-dominan ...	1986	2875111
serotype and drug susceptibility of bordetella pertussis isolated in japan from 1975 to 1984.		1986	2875381
[glutamine synthetase content and immunochemical analysis of different strains of bordetella pertussis].	in this investigation 3 groups of strains isolated from pertussis patients have been studied: typical (group 1), atypical in their cultural properties (group 2), unidentified gram-negative bacilli agglutinated by pertussis and parapertussis antitoxins (group 3). besides, b. pertussis cultures, obtained by subculturing 2 museum strains and 2 newly isolated strains on synthetic casein-charcoal agar with subinhibiting doses of antibiotics or specific immune sera added, have been studied. as indicat ...	1986	2875579
[antipertussis immunity studied by immunoenzyme analysis].	the levels of antibodies to disintegrated bordetella pertussis and its individual fractions (protein and polysaccharide) in children immunized with different batches of adsorbed dpt vaccine have been determined with the use of eia techniques. the background level of antibodies in the control groups has been determined, and in immunized children the levels of antibodies to disintegrated b. pertussis and its protein fraction have been shown to considerably exceed the levels of antibodies to lipopo ...	1986	2875581
[fast diagnosis of whooping cough in the infant. contribution of the immunofluorescence technic].	clinical and biochemical data of 22 children admitted from may 1982 to may 1983 were reviewed to study their values for early diagnosis of pertussis. direct immunofluorescence for bordetella pertussis was positive in 9 of the 12 confirmed cases and seems to be a reliable test.	1986	2875698
purification and subunit heterogeneity of pili of bordetella bronchiseptica.	pili were isolated and purified from bordetella bronchiseptica. electron microscopic observations revealed that pili are ubiquitous in this species. the occurrence of pili and flagella appeared to correlate with growth phase and colonial morphology. pili were about 3 to 4 nm in diameter and morphologically similar to pili isolated from other gram-negative bacteria. internal core structure was not evident. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified pili showed that up t ...	1986	2867974
isolation of the outer membrane components of bordetella pertussis which enhance the immunogenicity of haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide polyribosyl ribitol phosphate.	the outer membrane (om) component(s) from bordetella pertussis which potentiated the antigenicity of purified haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide, polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (prp), has been isolated and partially characterized. the om was isolated from spheroplasting medium by precipitating at ph 5.0; fractionation was carried out by dissolving the crude om in triton x-100 followed by selective precipitation of om in 50% ethanol. further purification of om was accomplished b ...	1986	2868992
survival of bordetella pertussis in transport media.		1986	2869056
relationship between non-antigen-specific immunodepression and persisting immune complexes induced by pertussis in mice.	a temporal relationship has been demonstrated between persisting immune complexes and non-antigen-specific immunodepression. mice were given intraperitoneal injections of bordetella pertussis at weekly intervals. after 7 weeks they developed circulating immune complexes, the levels of which increased with continued administration of pertussis. the increase in immune complex levels was accompanied by a diminished primary immune response to intraperitoneally injected sheep erythrocytes (srbc) as j ...	1986	2870021
immunoprotection of mice against trypanosoma cruzi with a lyophilized flagellar fraction of the parasite plus adjuvant.	the immunization with the flagellar (f) fraction from epimastigotes of trypanosoma cruzi has been shown to protect mice against a challenge of bloodstream trypomastigotes of the parasite, both in terms of mortality and decrease in parasitemia. we have compared the immunoprotective properties of the fresh f fraction with those of a lyophilized f (lf) fraction, alone or together with bordetella pertussis (bp) as adjuvant. the best results were obtained with lf + bp: after challenge with 1 x 10(3) ...	1986	2870022
secreted adenylate cyclase of bordetella pertussis: calmodulin requirements and partial purification of two forms.	the extracellular adenylate cyclase of bordetella pertussis was partially purified and found to contain high- and low-molecular-weight species. the high-molecular-weight form had a variable molecular weight with a peak at about 700,000. the smaller species had a molecular weight of 60 to 70,000 as determined by gel filtration. the low-molecular-weight form could be derived from the high-molecular-weight species. the high-molecular-weight complex purified from the cellular supernatant was highly ...	1986	2870055
the effects of purified components of bordetella pertussis in the weight gain test for the toxicity testing of pertussis vaccines.	the effects of highly purified preparations of three bordetella pertussis components--pertussis toxin (pt), lipopolysaccharide (lps) and filamentous haemagglutinin (fha)--were examined in the mouse weight gain test, a toxicity test for pertussis vaccine. when these components were administered alone, pt enhanced initial weight gains of the mice, lps produced an initial weight loss and fha had no detectable effect on the weights of the mice. however, testing the components in combinations reveale ...	1986	2870067
[immunologic findings in oral pertussis vaccination].	whooping cough specific surface iga antibodies, agglutinating serum igg antibodies and the in vitro lymphocyte reactivity to bordetella pertussis germs were investigated in newborns and infants both unvaccinated and parenterally and orally immunized against whooping cough. furthermore the e-rosette formation and the lymphocyte reactivity to phytohaemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen and concanavalin a were studied. only oral pertussis immunisation effected a local immune reaction with formation of se ...	1986	2870453
disturbed adrenergic regulation of coronary flow in the guinea pig heart after bordetella pertussis and endotoxin.		1986	2870627
molecular requirement for interleukin 1 induction by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human monocytes: involvement of the heptosyl-2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonate region.	experiments were undertaken to localize in the lipopolysaccharide (lps) the minimal structural determinants sufficient to initiate the signal leading to interleukin 1 (il 1) secretion by human monocytes. our results clearly demonstrated that this signal is triggered by structures present in the so-called inner-core region which chemically consists of 2-keto-3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (kdo) and heptose in many lps of gram-negative bacteria. thus, the isolated polysaccharide region of bordet ...	1986	2419139
bordetella pertussis major outer membrane porin protein forms small, anion-selective channels in lipid bilayer membranes.	the major outer membrane protein of molecular weight 40,000 (the 40k protein) of a virulent isolate of bordetella pertussis was purified to apparent homogeneity. the purified protein formed an oligomer band (of apparent molecular weight 90,000) on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels after solubilization at low temperatures. the porin function of this protein was characterized by the black lipid bilayer method. the 40k protein formed channels smaller than all other constitutive major outer ...	1986	2420780
inhibition of immunological and nonimmunological histamine release from human basophils by adenosine analogues that act at p-sites.	2',5'-dideoxyadenoside (dda) inhibited both anti-ige and ionophore a23187 induced histamine secretion from human basophils. whereas dda inhibited ige-dependent histamine secretion when added at all times prior to challenge, release induced by a23187 was inhibited only with simultaneous addition of dda and secretagogue. dipyridamole, but not theophylline, abrogated dda mediated inhibition of histamine release suggesting an intracellular mechanism of action of dda. the observations that 2'-deoxyad ...	1986	2424453
systemic immunity developing from intrauterine antigen exposure in the nonpregnant rat.	this report provides a simplified model for investigating the antigen handling mechanisms of the mammalian uterus. the effectiveness of the uterus as a site for systemic immunization has been studied using a hapten-protein conjugate (dnp-bgg) as antigen in nonpregnant virgin rats. the data indicate that although the uterus is inefficient as an antigen delivery site, strong systemic immune responses can be generated under appropriate conditions. intrauterine (i.u.) immunization with alum-precipit ...	1986	2431137
human t lymphocyte clones specific for "bordetella pertussis".		1986	2447923
vascular beta-adrenoceptor blocking activity of endotoxin and pertussis toxin from bordetella pertussis in rats.	isolated and purified leucocytosis promoting factor (lpf), alternatively described as pertussis toxin, reduced the hypotension after beta 2-adrenoceptor stimulation with salbutamol as well as the negative chronotropic activity induced by the muscarinic receptor stimulant arecoline 4 days after its injection into rats. these inhibitory effects of lpf were accompanied by a reduction in basal blood pressure. no effect on autonomic responsiveness or blood pressure was observed 5 h after injection of ...	1986	2875890
heat-modifiable envelope proteins of bordetella pertussis.	several envelope proteins of bordetella pertussis demonstrated differences in electrophoretic mobility, depending upon solubilization temperature before sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. these proteins were exposed on the cell surface as judged by their accessibility to radiolabeling with 125i. monoclonal antibodies to two of the heat-modifiable proteins (mrs of 18,000 and 91,000) reacted with intact cells in immunofluorescence microscopy experiments, also indicating sur ...	1986	2875949
an antigen-conserving elisa for detecting human antibodies to bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin.		1986	2876000
simultaneous infection with bordetella pertussis and respiratory syncytial virus in hospitalized children.	we compared three groups of hospitalized children with bordetella pertussis infection, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and dual b. pertussis/rsv infections in an effort to establish clinical and laboratory criteria by which to distinguish children with dual infections from children infected with either organism alone. the groups were compared for admission laboratory data, history of present illness, perinatal history and immunization history. children with pertussis were more likely ...	1986	2876415
[cloning of the genes of hemolytic factors of bordetella pertussis in escherichia coli].	the gene library of b. pertussis strain no. 475 (serovar 1. 2. 3.) was obtained on plasmid puc19 in e. coli strain jm107. the average size of the cloned fragments of chromosomal dna was 4.9 kb. out of 1,700 tested recombinant clones, six caused visible hemolysis on petri dishes with agar containing 4% of sheep red blood cells after 16-hour incubation at 37 degrees c. only two out of four isolated plasmids were similar in pst i restriction. consequently, the existence of several different genes r ...	1986	2876565
surface proteins of bordetella pertussis: comparison of virulent and avirulent strains and effects of phenotypic modulation.	the surface proteins of several bordetella strains and their modulated derivatives were examined by surface radioiodination, cell fractionation, and western blotting. a surface protein with a high mr, missing in a mutant lacking the filamentous hemagglutinin, was identified in virulent bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis cells and was absent in avirulent b. pertussis strains. the electrophoretic profiles of lipopolysaccharide and the 40,000-mr anion-selective porin were not determi ...	1986	2876957
inability of pyrogenic, purified bordetella pertussis lipid a to induce interleukin-1 release by human monocytes.	free lipid a of bordetella pertussis, neisseria meningitidis, and escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps) was prepared by hydrolysis in acetate buffer (ph 4.5); in addition, lipid a from b. pertussis and e. coli was prepared by hydrolysis in mineral acid (hcl). the precipitates obtained were purified by extraction methods in toluene-methanol and are referred to as crude lipid a. purified lipid a from n. meningitidis and b. pertussis was obtained by extraction in a mixture of chloroform-methano ...	1986	2876960
delayed type hypersensitivity induced by lpf from bordetella pertussis.	lymphocytosis promoting factor (lpf) obtained from bordetella pertussis, has the capacity to induce peripheral lymphocytosis in mice and blastogenesis of human lymphocytes in vitro. when this factor is injected intracutaneously in animals and in humans, it was shown to induce local inflammatory reactions with histological, morphological and chronological characteristics of delayed hypersensitivity. lpf and conventional microbial antigens were tested intracutaneously in 35 patients with carcinoma ...	1986	2877558
virulence factors of bordetella pertussis.		1986	2877614
chlamydial respiratory infection in childhood and spurious immunoglobulin m.	the role of chlamydia trachomatis was investigated in lower respiratory tract infections in 254 children. the organism was not isolated in any child but bordetella pertussis was isolated from 65. two of the latter and one of the remaining 189 children with negative isolation, however, had immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies to chlamydia trachomatis (titers of 1:64, 1:64 and 1:128). exhaustive absorption of the sera with bordetella antigen left the chlamydial titers unchanged, thus excluding the po ...	1986	2877878
piracy of adhesins: attachment of superinfecting pathogens to respiratory cilia by secreted adhesins of bordetella pertussis.	two proteins secreted by bordetella pertussis are known to mediate adherence of these bacteria to mammalian respiratory cilia. when either ciliated cells or other pathogenic bacteria were pretreated with these adhesins, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and staphylococcus aureus acquired the ability to adhere to cilia in vitro and in vivo. such piracy of adhesins may contribute to superinfection in mucosal diseases such as whooping cough.	1986	2877952
gentamicin nucleotidyltransferase. stereochemical inversion at phosphorus in enzymatic 2'-deoxyadenylyl transfer to tobramycin.	gentamicin nucleotidyltransferase-catalyzed reaction of (sp)-[alpha-17o]datp with tobramycin produced 2"-(2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-[17o]phosphoryl)tobramycin. the configuration at phosphorus in this product was shown to be rp by chemical degradation to chiral [17o, 18o]damp using a stereochemically defined procedure, and determination of the configuration at phosphorus in this product. periodate-base treatment of 2"-(2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-[17o]phosphoryl)tobramycin followed by nabh4 reduction produce ...	1986	2877983
bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase. purification, characterization, and radioimmunoassay.	the extracellular adenylate cyclase of bordetella pertussis was purified either as a free enzyme or as a complex with calmodulin. the purified enzyme has a specific activity of 1600 mumol of camp min-1 x mg-1 and exists under two molecular forms of 45 and 43 kda which are apparently structurally related. calmodulin increased considerably the resistance of adenylate cyclase to inactivation by trypsin. although trypsin cleaved the adenylate cyclase-calmodulin complex, the digested fragments remain ...	1986	2877986
[electron microscopic study of the interaction of cultures of bordetella pertussis altered by antibiotic action with a human amniotic cell culture].	the adhesive properties of b. pertussis subjected to long-term subcultivation on nutrient media with antibiotics were studied with electron microscopy and it was shown that under the action of erythromycin the adhesive capacity of b. pertussis markedly decreased. subcultivation on media with tetracycline did not lower the adhesive activity of b. pertussis. changes in the adhesive properties of b. pertussis under the action of the antibiotics correlated with changes in toxicity, serovars and ultr ...	1986	2878640
bordetella pertussis in new york state 1972-1982.		1986	2871537
molecular cloning of pertussis toxin genes.	we have cloned a 4.5 kb ecori/bamhi dna fragment from bordetella pertussis which contains at least two genes responsible for expression of pertussis toxin. the s4 subunit of the toxin was isolated by high pressure liquid chromatography and the nh2-terminal amino acid sequence determined. using a mixed synthetic oligonucleotide probe designed by reverse translation of a portion of the protein sequence, a cloned dna fragment was identified which contains the coding information for at least the s4 ...	1986	2871544
[enhancing the effectiveness of microbiological nutrient media through balancing their content by an experimental analytical method].	the possibility of successful use of the analitico-experimental method for the development and improvement of balanced microbiological growth media, economical in composition, has been shown. by this method a new variant of the semisynthetic medium for growing bordetella pertussis vaccine strain has been obtained, thus making it possible to achieve a considerable increase in the yield of the biomass without decreasing the immunogenicity of the culture. the use of the balanced medium in the produ ...	1986	2871676
[effect of radiation sterilization on the immunobiological properties of the sorbed protective fraction of bordetella pertussis].	the possibility of using radiation for the sterilization of the dried preparation of b. pertussis adsorbed protective fraction has been studied. the use of gamma irradiation in a dose of 1.5 x 10(3) j/kg has been found to permit obtaining sterile preparations while preserving their initial protective properties.	1986	2871678
effects of anaesthesia and surgery on serum opsonic capacity.	several factors of immune response are affected by anaesthesia and surgery. opsonization as a phase of the phagocytic process was studied in ten patients undergoing cholecystectomy under balanced anaesthesia with thiopentone, suxamethonium, pancuronium, n2o + o2, fentanyl, dehydrobenzperidol and enflurane. the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence responses were depressed at the end of surgery in phagocytosis of patient-serum-opsonized zymosan and bordetella pertussis (p less than 0.05). the respo ...	1986	2871687
bacterial adenylate cyclase increases cyclic amp and hormone release in pituitary tumor cells.	calmodulin-activated, adenylate cyclase toxin, a virulence factor produced by the human respiratory pathogen bordetella pertussis, elicits marked accumulation of cyclic amp in cell lines from rat pituitary tumors. this effect is associated with and apparently responsible for an enhanced release of prolactin and/or growth hormone from gh3, gh4c1 and 235-1 cells. the utility of this novel toxin in probing cyclic amp-mediated responses is supported by these observations and studies with pertussis a ...	1986	2871835
critical assessment of the platelet adenylate cyclase system as a potential model for testing alpha 2 adrenergic activity.	we have studied the effects of kum 32 and cbs 1276, two clonidine-related drugs, upon the adenylate cyclase system of human platelets. both drugs behaved as potent antagonists of epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation. [3h]yohimbine binding studies revealed that the drugs bind to the alpha 2 adrenergic receptor of human platelets. kum 32 and cbs 1276 also behaved as strong inhibitors of adenylate cyclase activity. this inhibition, which was not competitive with respect to atp, is not an alpha ...	1986	2871841
[creation of the library of bordetella pertussis genome clones and detection of clones containing genes for the synthesis of antigenic determinants of the whooping cough microbe].	escherichia coli clones containing hybrid phasmids with the inserts of b. pertussis dna were obtained with the use of a phasmid vector. the total amount of the clones thus obtained was 97,000, which considerably exceeded the volume of the clone library necessary for the detection of individual genes with probability approximating 1. the hybrid plasmids were shown to contain 6-19 kilobases. the screening of the clone library was carried out by means of the enzyme immunoassay (eia). the assay was ...	1986	2435089
the effect of anti-inflammatory and rheumatoid disease modifying drugs on prolonged immune and non-immune inflammation in the six-day air pouch of rats.	the six-day air pouch model of synovitis in rats was used to study the effects of non-steroidal and anti-rheumatic drugs on cell accumulation and exudate formation. inflammation was induced in the six-day air pouch either with the non-immune irritant carrageenan or the immune irritant bordetella pertussis. indomethacin reduced cell accumulation and exudate formation in both models. in contrast levamisole and d-penicillamine were unable to reduce either parameter, d-penicillamine actually produci ...	1986	2878902
[immune response to various antigenic preparations of bordetella pertussis in whooping cough patients and convalescents studied by immunoenzyme analysis].	the content of antibodies to b. pertussis disintegrated cells, protein fraction and lipopolysaccharide in the blood of patients and convalescents has been studied. the study has revealed that in the blood sera of whooping cough patients the titers of antibodies to lipopolysaccharide considerably exceed the titers of antibodies to other antigenic fractions. the titers of igm to lipopolysaccharide have been shown to exceed the titers of igm to other fractions 1.5-2 times.	1986	2879403
activation of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase by the carboxyl-terminal tryptic fragment of calmodulin.	highly purified tryptic fragments of calmodulin were tested for their ability to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity of bordetella pertussis spheroplast membranes and were compared to their activities on brain ca2+/calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. the c-terminal fragment, consisting of residues 78-148, was a full agonist for the cyclase with 0.1-0.15 the potency of calmodulin but did not stimulate phosphodiesterase. fragments 1-77, 1-90, and 107-148 stimulated adenylate ...	1986	2879560
comparison of specimen transport systems for bordetella pertussis.		1986	2879732
effect of human immunoglobulin preparations on experimental bordetella pertussis infection in mice.	the effects of four kinds of human immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous use [ph-4-treated (ig-100), polyethyleneglycol-treated (peg-g), sulfonated (s-g) and pepsin-treated (pep-g)] on intracerebral (i.c.) bordetella pertussis infection in mice, and on b. pertussis vaccine-induced leukocytosis-promoting factor (lpf) and histamine-sensitizing factor (hsf) were compared with those of human immunoglobulin preparation for intramuscular use (ggn). a prophylactic potential against i.c. b. pertus ...	1986	2880424
disturbance of mice tracheal beta-adrenoceptor and cholinergic receptor function by bordetella pertussis and its cell wall components.		1986	2881459
muscarinic-agonist and guanine nucleotide activation of polyphosphoinositide phosphodiesterase in isolated islet-cell membranes.	stimulated hydrolysis of the inositol phospholipids phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (ptdins4p) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [ptdins(4,5)p2] was investigated by studying the phosphoinositides produced in a suspended preparation of plasma membranes by transference of 32p from [gamma-32p]atp. at basal ca2+ concentration (calculated free ca2+, 150 nm) phospholipid hydrolysis was stimulated either by the muscarinic agonists carbamoylcholine and bethanecol or by the addition of the non-h ...	1986	2881539
removal of lipopolysaccharide from acellular bordetella pertussis vaccine by detergent treatment.	protective antigen was extracted from bordetella pertussis cells with 1.0 m nacl and precipitated with ammonium sulfate, 20-40% saturation (designated fraction 15a-1b). the protective antigen was purified further by detergent (emulphogene bc720) treatment and adsorption to aluminum hydroxide gel (designated fraction 15a-108a). compared with b. pertussis vaccine and fraction 15a-1b, fraction 15a-108a retained protective activity as assessed by the mouse protection test, but had reduced protein an ...	1986	2881930