Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| comparative in vitro assessment of sparfloxacin activity and spectrum using results from over 14,000 pathogens isolated at 190 medical centers in the usa. spar study group. | sparfloxacin, a new orally administered fluoroquinolone, was tested against 14,182 clinical strains isolated (generally blood stream and respiratory tract cultures) at nearly 200 hospitals in the united states (usa) and canada. sparfloxacin activity was compared with 13 other compounds by etest (ab biodisk, solna, sweden), broth microdilution, or a standardized disk diffusion method. using the food and drug administration/product package insert mic breakpoint for sparfloxacin susceptibility (< o ... | 1997 | 9401810 |
| [occurrence of moraxella catarrhalis in patients with respiratory tract infections]. | the study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence of moraxella catarrhalis in patients with respiratory tract infections. overall 514 specimens including 370 throat swabs and 114 sputum specimens were examined. the 78 strains isolated basing on morphological and biochemical characteristics were classified as moraxella catarrhalis. the sensitivity of the strains to antibiotics was also estimated. the frequency of m. catarrhalis isolation from the throat swabs (15.9%) was higher than from the spu ... | 1997 | 9411073 |
| [aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora in chronic sinusitis in adults]. | the aim of the study was to analyse microbiologically samples obtained from 30 patients aged from 21 to 73 years treated for chronic sinusitis. aerobic bacteria only were isolated in 16 patients (53%), and anaerobic organisms only in 5 patients (17%). mixed aerobic and anaerobic isolates were recovered from 9 patients (30%). the isolated aerobic bacteria were as follows: streptococci from the species streptococcus salivarius, streptococcus anginosus, streptococcus group c, streptococcus sanguis, ... | 1997 | 9411078 |
| [comparative antimicrobial activity of rp 59,500 (quinupristin-dalfopristin), the first semisynthetic injectable streptgramin, against gram-positive cocci and other recent clinical pathogens]. | rp 59,500 (quinupristin-dalfopristin) is the first semisynthetic injectable streptogramin antimicrobial agent, which is a combination of quinupristin and dalfopristin in a 30:70 ratio. the components of rp 59,500 act synergically to provide bactericidal activity through action at different sites on bacterial ribosomes. in the present study, the antimicrobial activity of rp 59,500 was compared with those of four macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, roxithromycin). susceptibilit ... | 1997 | 9412874 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of cs-834, a novel oral carbapenem. | cs-834 is a novel oral carbapenem antibiotic. this compound is an ester-type prodrug of the active metabolite r-95867. the antibacterial activity of r-95867 was tested against 1,323 clinical isolates of 35 species and was compared with those of oral cephems, i.e., cefteram, cefpodoxime, cefdinir, and cefditoren, and that of a parenteral carbapenem, imipenem. r-95867 exhibited a broad spectrum of activity covering both gram-positive and -negative aerobes and anaerobes. its activity was superior t ... | 1997 | 9420035 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of gv129606, a new broad-spectrum trinem. | gv129606 is a new parenteral trinem antibiotic belonging to the beta-lactam class. it combines broad-spectrum activity (against gram-negative and -positive bacteria, aerobes and anaerobes), with high potency and resistance to beta-lactamases. comparative in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities were determined for gv129606 against more than 400 recent clinical isolates (aerobes, including beta-lactamase producers, and anaerobes), using representative antibacterial agents (meropenem, piperac ... | 1997 | 9420050 |
| choosing the right macrolide antibiotic. a guide to selection. | macrolide antibiotics have proven to be valuable alternatives to penicillins and cephalosporins for the treatment of a number of infections. currently, a number of macrolides are available. when choosing a particular macrolide, the types of organisms causing the infection, the tolerability of the drug, convenience of dosing and possible drug interactions all must be taken into account. erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin are equally effective against most gram-positive organisms. howev ... | 1997 | 9074839 |
| empiric antibiotic selection criteria for respiratory infections in pediatric practice. | respiratory infections in children may occur as a consequence of resistant bacterial pathogens. streptococcus pneumoniae organisms resistant to penicillin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and macrolides are increasingly prevalent. amoxicillin- and macrolide-resistant haemophilus influenzae and moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis are also more commonly seen. traditional agents such as amoxicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole remain acceptable choices for most children with respiratory infectio ... | 1997 | 9076838 |
| the major outer membrane protein, cd, extracted from moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis is a potential vaccine antigen that induces bactericidal antibodies. | the major outer membrane protein of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, cd, was detergent-extracted from the bacterial cell wall and purified to homogeneity in high yields by a simple process. the purified protein appeared to exhibit immunogenic properties similar to those of native cd exposed on the surface of the bacterium. antibodies to cd raised in mice specifically bound to intact b. catarrhalis, as determined by flow cytometry analysis. the igg subclass distributions of anti-cd antibodies ... | 1997 | 9093840 |
| multicentre in-vitro evaluation of the susceptibility of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis to ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, co-amoxiclav and sparfloxacin. | seven laboratories, including a reference laboratory, tested the susceptibility of moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae strains to ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, co-amoxiclav and sparfloxacin with the etest. a total of 976 strains were collected. the results with ciprofloxacin and sparfloxacin were consistent for all laboratories, while those with clarithromycin and co-amoxiclav were not. the agreement between etest mics and broth microdilution was: ciproflo ... | 1997 | 9096192 |
| pharmacodynamic properties of faropenem demonstrated by studies of time-kill kinetics and postantibiotic effect. | the pharmacodynamic properties of faropenem, a new oral penem antibiotic, were investigated by studying time-kill kinetics and postantibiotic effect. time-kill kinetics were employed against strains of bacteroides fragilis, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pyogenes. the postantibiotic effects of faropenem were studied using strains of e. coli, s. aureus, h. influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae. the time-kill kinetic data ... | 1997 | 9096193 |
| highly conserved neisseria meningitidis surface protein confers protection against experimental infection. | a new surface protein, named nspa, which is distinct from the previously described neisseria meningitidis outer membrane proteins was identified. an nspa-specific mab, named me-1, reacted with 99% of the meningococcal strains tested indicating that the epitope recognized by this particular mab is widely distributed and highly conserved. western immunoblotting experiments indicated that mab me-1 is directed against a protein band with an approximate molecular mass of 22,000, but also recognized a ... | 1997 | 9104804 |
| history of macrolide use in pediatrics. | erythromycin, the prototypical macrolide, has been widely used since the 1950s in the management of pediatric infections. erythromycin is the drug of choice for infants and children with legionnaire's disease, pertussis, diphtheria, lower respiratory tract infections caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae and chlamydia trachomatis and enteritis caused by campylobacter jejuni. it is also indicated for treatment of syphilis; for streptococcal, staphylococcal and pneumococcal infecti ... | 1997 | 9109154 |
| causative pathogens, antibiotic resistance and therapeutic considerations in acute otitis media. | streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis are the most frequently isolated pathogens in patients with acute otitis media (aom). other potential causative pathogens include streptococcus pyogenes in older children and chlamydia pneumoniae in younger children. the recent emergence of penicillin-resistant s. pneumoniae and the increasing frequency of beta-lactamase-producing strains of m. catarrhalis and h. influenzae are creating concerns regarding the use of amoxi ... | 1997 | 9109158 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of er-35786, a new antipseudomonal carbapenem. | er-35786 is a new parenteral 1 beta-methyl carbapenem with a broad antibacterial spectrum and a potent antipseudomonal activity. it showed high in vitro activity, comparable to those of meropenem and a new carbapenem, bo-2727, against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and streptococci, with mics at which 90% of strains tested are inhibited (mic90s) of < or = 0.39 microgram/ml. against methicillin-resistant s. aureus, er-35786 was the most active among the compounds tested, yet its mi ... | 1997 | 9021183 |
| in vitro evaluation of a novel ketolide antimicrobial agent, ru-64004. | ketolides, a novel macrolide subclass, possess a mode of action that is similar to that of structurally related macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (mls) compounds. by using reference in vitro tests, the in vitro activity of ru-64004 was compared to those of six other mls compounds against more than 800 clinical pathogens, including 356 gram-positive organisms. the spectrum of activity of the ketolide was most similar to that of clindamycin versus staphylococci and streptococci and superior to t ... | 1997 | 9021207 |
| in vitro activity and spectrum of ly333328, a novel glycopeptide derivative. | reference methods were used to determine the potency of ly333328, a semisynthetic glycopeptide derivative with a key n-alkylation substitution, against 833 strains (393 gram-positive strains and representative gram-negative bacilli) with various defined resistance mechanisms. the mics at which 90% of the isolates are inhibited (mic90s) (in micrograms per milliliter) of ly333328 and the percentages of strains at < or = 8 micrograms/ml were as follows: for oxacillin-susceptible staphylococcus aure ... | 1997 | 9021216 |
| comparison of the efficacy, safety and acceptability of cefixime and amoxicillin/clavulanate in acute otitis media. | use of a beta-lactamase stable antibiotic is called for in cases of acute otitis media (aom) likely to be caused by beta-lactamase-producing haemophilus influenzae or moraxella catarrhalis. two beta-lactamase-stable agents commonly used for empirical treatment of aom are amoxicillin/clavulanate and cefixime. | 1997 | 9041624 |
| the in-vitro activity of faropenem, a novel oral penem. | the in-vitro activity of faropenem, a novel oral penem, was studied in comparison with other beta-lactam antimicrobials against 711 recent clinical isolates including gram-negative, gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria. mic data showed that faropenem was active against most members of the enterobacteriaceae (mics < or = 4 mg/l), with reduced activity against serratia spp. (mic90 = 32 mg/l). in common with its comparators, faropenem had weak activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa and stenotropho ... | 1997 | 9044026 |
| middle ear mucin glycoprotein: purification and interaction with nontypable haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. | nontypable haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis are important pathogens in children and adults. the mechanisms of their adherence to the epithelial cell surface and colonization are not clear. for the pathogen to adhere to the epithelial cell, it must first attach to and penetrate the mucus barrier. mucin glycoproteins of the mucus layer generally are thought to be involved in bacterial attachment. to understand the precise mechanisms of middle ear mucin-bacterial interactions, we us ... | 1997 | 9051060 |
| aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of bacterial tracheitis in children. | establish the aerobic and anaerobic microbiology of bacterial tracheitis in children. | 1997 | 9061728 |
| in vitro activity of bay 12-8039, a new fluoroquinolone. | the in vitro activity of bay 12-8039, a new fluoroquinolone, was studied in comparison with those of ciprofloxacin, trovafloxacin (cp 99,219), cefpodoxime, and amoxicillin-clavulanate against gram-negative, gram-positive, and anaerobic bacteria. its activity against mycobacteria and chlamydia was also investigated. bay 12-8039 was active against members of the family enterobacteriaceae (mic at which 90% of strains tested were inhibited [mic90s] < or = 1 microgram/ml, except for serratia spp. mic ... | 1997 | 8980763 |
| phage antibodies obtained by competitive selection on complement-resistant moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis recognize the high-molecular-weight outer membrane protein. | we used competitive panning to select a panel of 10 different human antibodies from a large semisynthetic phage display library that distinguish between serum complement-resistant and complement-sensitive strains of the gram-negative diplococcus moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. western blotting analyses and inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed that all phage antibodies were directed against the same or closely spaced epitopes on the target protein, which is the high-molecular ... | 1998 | 9423843 |
| role of the haemophilus ducreyi ton system in internalization of heme from hemoglobin. | by cloning into escherichia coli and construction of isogenic mutants of haemophilus ducreyi, we showed that the hemoglobin receptor (hgba) is tonb dependent. an e. coli hema tonb mutant expressing h. ducreyi hgba grew on low levels of hemoglobin as a source of heme only when an intact h. ducreyi ton system plasmid was present. in contrast, growth on heme by the e. coli hema tonb mutant expressing hgba was observed only at high concentrations of heme, was tonb independent, and demonstrated that ... | 1998 | 9423852 |
| structure of grepafloxacin relative to activity and safety profile. | a comparison of the structure of ciprofloxacin and grepafloxacin shows that the two compounds are similar, with two exceptions: grepafloxacin has a methyl group at the 5 position and a methyl group attached to the 7-piperazinyl substituent. at the 1 position, both compounds have a cyclopropyl group, which is important for potency, but limits anaerobic activity. the methylpiperazine at position 7 in grepafloxacin is associated with its enhanced gram-positive activity and long half-life. the methy ... | 1998 | 11869245 |
| grepafloxacin: pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration. | pharmacokinetic and tissue penetration studies of grepafloxacin, a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, show that it has useful properties for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. grepafloxacin has a volume of distribution that is larger than those of many of the other fluoroquinolones and is concentrated in alveolar macrophages, bronchial mucosa and epithelial lining fluid to a greater extent than are certain other fluoroquinolones. grepafloxacin concentrations achieved in plasma after ... | 1998 | 11869246 |
| clinical efficacy and tolerability of grepafloxacin in lower respiratory tract infection. | studies in community-acquired pneumonia (cap) have compared grepafloxacin, 600 mg o.d. for 7--10 days, with amoxycillin, 500 mg t.d.s., cefaclor, 500 mg t.d.s., or clarithromycin, 250 mg b.d. grepafloxacin appeared to be clinically as effective as the comparators. in cap caused by haemophilus influenzae, grepafloxacin was significantly superior to amoxycillin (p=0.005) and cefaclor (p=0.003) and equivalent to clarithromycin in eradicating the infecting organism. bacterial eradication with grepaf ... | 1998 | 11869247 |
| pharmacodynamic properties of hmr 3004, a novel ketolide, on respiratory pathogens, enterococci and bacteroides fragilis demonstrated by studies of time kill kinetics and postantibiotic effect. | objective: the pharmacodynamic properties of the novel ketolide (a new class of macrolide) antibiotic, hmr 3004, were investigated by studying time-kill kinetics and postantibiotic effect. methods: the time-kill kinetics were studied at two inocula against three strains each of staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium and bacteroides fragilis. the postantibiotic effects of h ... | 1998 | 11864324 |
| some peculiarities of humoral antibacterial immunity in hiv-infected and aids patients. | the investigation was outlined to study antibodies against some antigens of extracellular microbes associated with inflammation in broncho-pulmonary system and accessory nasal sinus - staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumoniae, branhamella catarrhalis - in individuals (18 patients) with different stages of hiv-infection. the level of antibodies was measured by elisa and their ab affinity was assessed by sodium thiocyanate-induced alteration of antibody-antigen interaction. to determine inte ... | 1998 | 12687083 |
| comparative evaluation of culture and pcr for the detection and determination of persistence of bacterial strains and dnas in the chinchilla laniger model of otitis media. | this study was designed to determine the persistence of culturable bacteria versus dna in the presence of a middle ear effusion in a chinchilla model of otitis media. cohorts of animals were either infected with an ampicillin-resistant haemophilus influenzae strain or injected with a tripartite inoculum consisting of freeze-thawed streptococcus pneumoniae; pasteurized moraxella catarrhalis; and dna from h influenzae. the h influenzae-infected animals displayed culture positivity and polymerase c ... | 1998 | 9635461 |
| comparative antimicrobial activity and kill-curve investigations of novel ketolide antimicrobial agents (hmr 3004 and hmr 3647) tested against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis strains. | the activity of two ketolide compounds, hmr 3004 and 3647, were compared to those of five macrolides, quinupristin/dalfopristin, ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin. the rate of killing for the ketolides was also assessed against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. one hundred h. influenzae and 148 m. catarrhalis isolates were tested using broth microdilution and appropriate growth media. the killing rates of hmr 3004 and 3647 were analyzed using the time-kill method against five strains ... | 1998 | 9635909 |
| human antibody response to moraxella catarrhalis antigens. | moraxella catarrhalis was isolated from 68 of 200 (34%) sputum and 56 (28%) nasopharyngeal swab samples of patients with community-acquired pneumonia. of the 68 pneumonia patients, 42 (61.8%) were males and 26 (38.2%) females. fifty one of the 68 patients (75%) had chronic underlying diseases. beta-lactamase was produced by 37 (54.4%) of the 68 sputum samples and 32(57.1%) of the 56 nasopharyngeal isolates. in an elisa using outer membrane protein antigens of m. catarrhalis against patient sera ... | 1998 | 9640818 |
| the common cold: effects of intranasal fluticasone propionate treatment. | a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to study the effect of the intranasal corticosteroid, fluticasone propionate (fp), in the naturally occurring common cold. | 1998 | 9648698 |
| genetic diversity among strains of moraxella catarrhalis: analysis using multiple dna probes and a single-locus pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. | moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, a causative agent of otitis media, sinusitis, and exacerbation of bronchitis, has acquired widespread ability to produce beta-lactamase and can be nosocomially transmitted. the typing methods used in epidemiological analyses of m. catarrhalis are not optimal for genetic analyses. two methods, a multiple-locus southern blot (sb) method and a single-locus pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) method, were developed and used to assess genetic diver ... | 1998 | 9650948 |
| nitrogen-carbon-linked (azolylphenyl)oxazolidinones with potent antibacterial activity against the fastidious gram-negative organisms haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. | 1998 | 9857083 | |
| [bacterial flora in pharyngitis and tonsillitis]. | the aim of the study was a microbiological analysis of pharyngeal swabs obtained from 158 patients with the diagnosis of pharyngitis and purulent exudates from the tonsillar crypts of 10 patients treated for chronic purulent tonsillitis. beta haemolytic streptococci groups a, b, c and g were isolated from 30% of the patients. the most frequently isolated were streptococcus pyogenes--12% of patients and streptococcus group c--10.7%. other streptococci were isolated less frequently: streptococcus ... | 1998 | 9857615 |
| [the impact of bronchial colonization in the quality of life of patients with chronic, stable bronchitis]. | the aim of this study was to determine the impact of respiratory function and bacterial colonization of the lower airway on the quality of life of patients with chronic, stable bronchitis (cb). | 1998 | 9859087 |
| microbiologic characteristics of persistent otitis media. | to identify the pathogens isolated from children with acute otitis media who did not respond to antimicrobial drug therapy. | 1998 | 9865757 |
| etiology of respiratory tract infection in adults in a general practice setting. | a prospective study was conducted over a 3-month winter period in three general practice clinics in an urban population in southern israel to identify the etiological agents of respiratory tract infections (rti) in adults. rti was defined as an acute febrile illness with cough, coryza, sore throat or hoarseness. serum samples were taken from all patients in both the acute and convalescent phases of their illness. tests were conducted for detection of 17 microorganisms known to cause rti, includi ... | 1998 | 9865980 |
| [the tonsils and adenoids as a site of infection and the cause of obstruction]. | the failure to eradicate group a beta-hemolytic streptococci from the pharynx is partly due to a low compliance, but above all, an alteration of the oropharyngeal microbiological flora: reduction of alpha-haemolytic streptococci which inhibit group a beta-hemolytic streptococci and increase of microorganisms such as streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis. these latter act indirectly destroying the beta-lactamic ring of penicillins. however, this obstacle is overc ... | 1998 | 9866845 |
| serum antibodies specific to cd outer membrane protein of moraxella catarrhalis, p6 outer membrane protein of non-typeable haemophilus influenzae and capsular polysaccharides of streptococcus pneumoniae in children with otitis media with effusion. | we measured the levels of serum igg antibodies to cd outer membrane protein of moraxella catarrhalis, p6 outer membrane protein of non-typeable haemophilus influenzae and capsular polysaccharides of streptococcus pneumoniae in 168 children with otitis media with effusion (ome) who were followed prospectively, using elisa. serum igg antibodies to cd, p6 and pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides were detected in all samples. the anti-pneumococcal polysaccharides antibody level was highest, followe ... | 1998 | 9870628 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity of important pathogens of bacterial respiratory tract infections in northeast germany]. | there is still a lack of comprehensive study results about resistance of bacterial respiratory pathogens from the east of the federal republic of germany. | 1998 | 9872042 |
| the effect of pseudomonas aeruginosa infection on clinical parameters in steady-state bronchiectasis. | to investigate the effect of pseudomonas aeruginosa infection on clinical parameters in chinese patients with noncystic fibrosis and steady-state bronchiectasis. | 1998 | 9872194 |
| bacteriologic efficacy of a three-day intramuscular ceftriaxone regimen in nonresponsive acute otitis media. | to determine the bacteriologic efficacy of ceftriaxone in nonresponsive acute otitis media in children. | 1998 | 9877360 |
| the identification of response regulators of branhamella catarrhalis using pcr. | potential response regulator gene fragments from the genome of branhamella (moraxella) catarrhalis were isolated by pcr using degenerate oligonucleotide primers. dna sequence analysis of several cloned pcr products with similar restriction endonuclease analysis (rea) patterns revealed that the cloned gene fragment had significant homology to members of the ompr sub-family of response regulator genes, including 61% identity with the phob gene of haemophilus influenzae. the derived amino acid sequ ... | 1998 | 9879927 |
| outer-membrane antigen expression by moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis influences pulmonary clearance. | moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis is a common respiratory tract pathogen in man. the bacterium shows a strong tendency to form aggregates in vitro. a variant strain of m. catarrhalis that showed a reduced tendency to form aggregates was selected by successive in-vitro passage in broth culture from which aggregates had settled. the non-clumping variant strain showed alteration in expression of outer-membrane antigens, including the hmw-omp, an outer-membrane protein of c. 200 kda, outer-membran ... | 1998 | 9879959 |
| [study on bacteremia due to community-acquired infection in infants and children without underlying diseases]. | between july 1988 and june 1998, 22 pediatric patients without underlying diseases were diagnosed as bacteremia caused by community-acquired infection in asahikawa kosei hospital. the age range of the patients was from 7 days to 4 years. their diseases were meningitis in 6, urinary tract infection in 6, respiratory tract infection in 4, skin infection in 2, and unknown origin in 4. the causative organisms were escherichia coli in 7, haemophilus influenzae in 4, streptococcus pneumoniae in 4, sta ... | 1998 | 9884506 |
| synthesis and characterization of lipooligosaccharide-based conjugates as vaccine candidates for moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. | moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis is an important cause of otitis media and sinusitis in children and of lower respiratory tract infections in adults. lipooligosaccharide (los) is a major surface antigen of the bacterium and elicits bactericidal antibodies. treatment of the los from strain atcc 25238 with anhydrous hydrazine reduced its toxicity 20,000-fold, as assayed in the limulus amebocyte lysate (lal) test. the detoxified los (dlos) was coupled to tetanus toxoid (tt) or high-molecular-wei ... | 1998 | 9573066 |
| two-step pcr-based assay for identification of bacterial etiology of otitis media with effusion in infected lebanese children. | we developed and evaluated a two-step pcr-based assay with universal primers and genus- or species-specific primers for the detection of the most prevalent bacterial etiologies of otitis media with effusion (ome) in children from lebanese hospitals. these etiologies included haemophilus, streptococcus, and moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, which were detected in middle-ear effusion (mee) samples taken from children with ome. a total of 47 mee samples were aspirated from 36 patients during ins ... | 1998 | 9574673 |
| comparative activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin and rpr 106972 and the effect of medium on in-vitro test results. | quinupristin/dalfopristin and rpr 106972 were active in vitro against a wide range of aerobic gram-positive organisms including enterococcus faecium. however, most isolates of enterococcus faecalis were resistant or of intermediate sensitivity. against staphylococcus aureus quinupristin/dalfopristin was more active but for all other species the range of activity of the two drugs was the same or rpr 106972 was more active. rpr 106972 was also more active against the respiratory pathogens haemophi ... | 1998 | 10052893 |
| recent developments in streptogramin research. | the streptogramins are a class of antibiotics remarkable for their antibacterial activity and their unique mechanism of action. these antibiotics are produced naturally, but the therapeutic use of the natural compounds is limited because they do not dissolve in water. new semisynthetic derivatives, in particular the injectable streptogramin quinupristin/dalfopristin, offer promise for treating the rising number of infections that are caused by multiply resistant bacteria. the streptogramins cons ... | 1998 | 10197038 |
| [protein antigens of branhamella (moraxella) catarrhalis and neisseria meningitidis]. | 1998 | 9949519 | |
| isolation of pathogenic bacteria from induced sputum from hospitalized children with pneumonia in bangladesh. | a prospective study was carried out on 157 patients admitted to a paediatric hospital in dhaka, bangladesh to determine the bacteria present in the induced sputum of paediatric patients with x-ray proven pneumonia. their ages ranged from 21 days to 11 years; 65 per cent of them were male and 35 per cent were female. the most affected age group was between 6 months and 2 years old. respiratory secretions produced by induced cough were taken by swab from the oropharynx for culture and smear. the p ... | 1998 | 9972076 |
| [a consideration on the results of nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibilities--gram-positive cocci and gram-negative cocci]. | the results of the semi-annual nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibilities, conducted by the japanese ministry of health and welfare during the period of january 1993 to july 1995, were analyzed for typical gram-positive cocci and gram-negative cocci in the purpose of provision of an index for antimicrobial selection. during these 3 years, streptococcus pyogenes (group a) and streptococcus agalactiae (group b) showed slightly increasing tendency in susceptibility to ofloxacin (oflx ... | 1998 | 10077775 |
| reliable and easy identification of bacterial acute respiratory infections of childhood. | to identify the causative bacteria in childhood acute respiratory infections (ari) and to determine the usefulness of pus cell counts in differentiating between pathogenic and commensal bacteria, cultured from nasopharyngeal aspirates. | 1998 | 10355173 |
| bacteria in the middle ear and nasopharynx during tympanostomy tube insertion. | to evaluate the efficacy of nasopharyngeal cultures in identifying pathogens in middle-ear effusions as an alternative to cultures obtained through tympanocentesis. | 1998 | 9758177 |
| susceptibility of european respiratory tract isolates to trovafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, clarithromycin, azithromycin and ampicillin. | as part of the artemis project, 11500 isolates (3000 from patients with respiratory tract infections) were collected throughout six european countries between 1994 and 1996. twenty-seven hospitals or laboratories participated in this first phase of the study. the activities of three classes of antimicrobial agents (fluoroquinolones, beta-lactam agents, macrolides) are presented for the six most frequently isolated pathogens (streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae ... | 1998 | 9758284 |
| [bacteremia caused by moraxella catarrhalis]. | 1998 | 9763752 | |
| in vitro evaluation of a novel orally administered cephalosporin (cefditoren) tested against 1249 recent clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pneumoniae. | cefditoren (formerly me-1206), a new orally administered cephalosporin, was evaluated in vitro against 1249 recently isolated strains of streptococcus pneumoniae (500 strains), moraxella catarrhalis (250 strains), and haemophilus influenzae (499 strains). reference national committee for clinical laboratory standards methods were used and the strains were representative for the current rates of beta-lactamase production or penicillin resistance. cefditoren had mic50/mic90 results for moraxella c ... | 1998 | 9764398 |
| management of infections due to antibiotic-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae. | antibiotic-resistant strains of streptococcus pneumoniae are becoming more prevalent throughout the world; this has resulted in modifications of treatment approaches. management of bacterial meningitis has the greatest consensus. strategies for treating other systemic infections such as pneumonia, bacteremia, and musculoskeletal infections are evolving, in part related to the availability of new antibiotics which are active in vitro against isolates resistant to penicillin and the extended-spect ... | 1998 | 9767060 |
| is bacterial tracheitis changing? a 14-month experience in a pediatric intensive care unit. | bacterial tracheitis is characterized by acute upper-airway obstruction and purulent secretions within the trachea. historically, affected children were young, stridorous, and toxic-appearing and required tracheal intubation, and morbidity and mortality were significant. staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism involved. during the 14 months of this retrospective study, 46 children were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit because of this diagnosis, and their medical records w ... | 1998 | 9770140 |
| the ability to bind albumin is correlated with nitric oxide sensitivity in moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is sensitive to no generators, e.g. s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine (snap) and sodium nitroprusside (snp), but can spontaneously develop higher snp tolerance. using sds-page of outer membrane proteins and immunoblotting for serum albumin, we found that the wild strain bound more blood-medium-derived albumin than the snp-resistant variant did. there was a negative correlation between no tolerance and the presence of serum albumin in the medium. we suggest that m. catarrhalis ... | 1998 | 9770282 |
| human milk lactoferrin inactivates two putative colonization factors expressed by haemophilus influenzae. | haemophilus influenzae is a major cause of otitis media and other respiratory tract disease in children. the pathogenesis of disease begins with colonization of the upper respiratory mucosa, a process that involves evasion of local immune mechanisms and adherence to epithelial cells. several studies have demonstrated that human milk is protective against h. influenzae colonization and disease. in the present study, we examined the effect of human milk on the h. influenzae iga1 protease and hap a ... | 1998 | 9770539 |
| detection of point mutations associated with resistance of helicobacter pylori to clarithromycin by hybridization in liquid phase. | when the standard procedure for determining antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria is used, the results are delayed, especially for bacteria that grow slowly, such as helicobacter pylori. treatment for this bacterium may involve clarithromycin, a compound for which resistance has been associated with point mutations on the 23s rrna gene. this resistance is currently found in organisms isolated from 0 to 15% of patients and jeopardizes the success of the treatment. we have designed a test involvin ... | 1998 | 9774580 |
| correlation between presence of viable bacteria and presence of endotoxin in middle-ear effusions. | the presence of endotoxin (detected by the limulus amebocyte lysate assay) was compared to the presence of viable haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis (detected by pcr) in 106 middle-ear effusions from pediatric patients with chronic otitis media. endotoxin was found in 81 of the 106 specimens. of these 81 specimens, 66 (81.5%) also tested positive for one or both of the gram-negative bacteria h. influenzae and m. catarrhalis. the data suggest that viable gram-negative bacteria, dete ... | 1998 | 9774611 |
| bacterial lactoferrin receptors. | lactoferrin is thought to play a pivotal role in prevention of infection in the host and its ability to sequester iron from potential pathogens has been considered an important component of its antimicrobial function. a number of bacterial species in the neisseriaceae have developed a mechanism for acquiring iron directly from this host glycoprotein which involves surface receptors capable of specifically binding lactoferrin. initial attempts at identifying the receptor proteins in neisseria and ... | 1998 | 9781351 |
| sinusitis in neurologically impaired children. | the microbiologic features of infected sinus aspirates in nine children with neurologic impairment were studied. anaerobic bacteria, always mixed with aerobic and facultative bacteria, were isolated in 6 (67%) aspirates and aerobic bacteria only in 3 (33%). there were 24 bacterial isolates, 12 aerobic or facultative and 12 anaerobic. the predominant aerobic isolates were klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, and staphylococcus aureus (2 each) and proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, hae ... | 1998 | 9781990 |
| [the etiology of sporadic acute pneumonia in children]. | the complex microbiological study of tracheobronchial washings and the detection of antibodies to surface components of whole bacterial cells in the indirect fluorescence test permitted the determination of the pneumococcal etiology of acute pneumonia (ap) in 134 children aged 1 month to 13 years (97.1%). in the course of ap 13 patients (9.4%) were found to have acute infectious processes caused by haemophilus influenzae (5 cases), different enterobacteria (4 cases), moraxella catarrhalis (2 cas ... | 1998 | 9783407 |
| antigenic diversity and gene polymorphisms in haemophilus influenzae. | 1998 | 9784503 | |
| otitis media: focus on antimicrobial resistance and new treatment options. | antimicrobial resistance among organisms that cause acute otitis media (aom) and new approaches in the prevention and treatment of aom are discussed. organisms commonly responsible for causing aom include streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. the evolution of pneumococcal resistance to penicillins, erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and oral cephalosporins may require treatment with agents such as vancomycin or rifampin in certain patients. h. inf ... | 1998 | 9784768 |
| mucosal immunity and bacteriology of the eustachian tube. | the pathogenesis of otitis media is a multifaceted process that is not completely understood. eustachian tube dysfunction plays a central but uncertain role, as do viral and bacterial microorganisms. of the latter, the three most important are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. this article reviews the various mechanisms of infection and the immune system's response to them. | 1998 | 9787518 |
| [clinical significance of fungal and microbial associations and antibacterial therapy for treatment of chronic inflammatory respiratory tract diseases in children]. | microbiological examination applied to 270 children with chronic inflammatory and relapsing respiratory tract diseases revealed that by the frequency of the etiologically significant organisms the main pathogens isolated from the bronchial secretion belonged to haemophilus influenzae, then followed streptococcus pneumoniae and the less frequent isolates belonged to branhamella catarrhalis characterized by high susceptibility to the 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins, erythromycin and azithrom ... | 1998 | 9791682 |
| bay 12-8039, a novel fluoroquinolone. activity against important respiratory tract pathogens. | bay 12-8039 or moxifloxacin is a new 8-methoxyquinolone with documented, improved activity against gram-positive cocci and anaerobic bacteria. this study tested 1250 commonly isolated respiratory tract pathogens (251 moraxella catarrhalis, 499 haemophilus influenzae, 500 streptococcus pneumoniae) from 1996-1997 clinical infections at more than 30 medical centers. among the m. catarrhalis strains (81% beta-lactamase-positive) the bay 12-8039 mic90 was 0.06 microgram/ml, a potency equal to ofloxac ... | 1998 | 9791757 |
| [in vitro activity of trovafloxacin in 238 respiratory pathogens]. | the in vitro activity of trovafloxacin against 238 clinical isolates obtained from respiratory specimens were compared with ciprofloxacin. fifty-four haemophilus influenzae, 58 streptococcus pneumoniae, 40 moraxella catarrhalis, 21 streptococcus pyogenes, 25 klebsiella pneumoniae and 40 staphylococcus aureus (21 methicillin resistant and 19 methicillin susceptible) were studied. the mic was determined following nccls recommendations. ciprofloxacin and trovafloxacin mic90 was 0.016 mg/l and 0.016 ... | 1998 | 9795289 |
| tuberculosis of bones and joints: diagnostic approaches. | mycobacterial and routine aerobic and anaerobic cultures were made prospectively from 22 patients with bone and/or joint tuberculosis. mycobacteria were found on direct smear in 6 patients (27.3%), on culture in 14 (63.6%) and on histological section in 5 (22.7%). in one patient routine culture at operation revealed growth of nocardia asteroides and moraxella catarrhalis in addition to a positive culture of mycobacteria. routine sinus culture showed growth of staphylococcus epidermis in 3 out of ... | 1998 | 9795812 |
| activities of new fluoroquinolones against fluoroquinolone-resistant pathogens of the lower respiratory tract. | the activities of six new fluoroquinolones (moxifloxacin, grepafloxacin, gatifloxacin, trovafloxacin, clinafloxacin, and levofloxacin) compared with those of sparfloxacin and ciprofloxacin with or without reserpine (20 microg/ml) were determined for 19 streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, 5 haemophilus sp. isolates, and 10 pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates with decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin from patients with clinically confirmed lower respiratory tract infections. based upon the mics at ... | 1998 | 9797232 |
| activity of hmr 3647 compared to those of five agents against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis by mic determination and time-kill assay. | the microdilution mics of hmr 3647, erythromycin a, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and pristinamycin against 50/90% of 249 haemophilus influenzae and 50 moraxella catarrhalis isolates were 2/4, 0.06/0.125; 8/16, 0.25/0.25; 2/4, 0.06/0.125; 16/16, 0.25/0.25; 32/>32, 1/2; and 2/4, 0.5/0.5 microg/ml. azithromycin was bactericidal against all 10 h. influenzae and 3 of 5 m. catarrhalis isolates and hmr 3647, erythromycin a, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and pristinamycin were bacterios ... | 1998 | 9797250 |
| overview of the clinical features of cefixime. | third-generation cephalosporins in oral formulations have become an increasingly important first-line choice against common bacterial infections. cefixime is one such agent, which possesses excellent efficacy against a broad spectrum of pathogens, including haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis. clinical success rates are similar to cefaclor, clarithromycin, and other cephalosporins. importantly, cefixime also possesses excellent activity against beta-lactama ... | 1998 | 9797415 |
| cefixime in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections and otitis media. | an increasing number of clinical failures has been noted after treatment of upper respiratory tract infection and acute otitis media with conventional antibiotics. at present, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and group a beta-hemolytic streptococcus (gabhs) are the bacterial pathogens most frequently responsible for these infections. although gabhs has so far not developed penicillin resistance, the frequency of bacteriological failures with either benzathi ... | 1998 | 9797419 |
| medical therapy of otitis media: use, abuse, efficacy, and morbidity. | objective: otitis media (om) is one of the most common paediatric disorders encountered by primary care physicians. streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis are the principal pathogens responsible for om. as a result of the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, the use of antimicrobial therapy in om has come under close scrutiny. amoxicillin remains the most appropriate option for initial empiric therapy of acute otitis media (aom). the duration of ... | 1998 | 9800637 |
| pathogens isolated during treatment failures in otitis. | a prospective study in the paris region to evaluate the clinical and bacteriologic epidemiology of acute otitis media in infants in whom oral antibiotic therapy resulted in clinical failure. | 1998 | 9802629 |
| treatment of children with secretory otitis media (som) with amoxicillin and clavulanic acid (spektramox) or penicillin-v (primcillin). bacteriological findings in the nasopharynx before and after treatment. | a total of 386 children, aged 1-10, with secretory otitis media for at least 3 months were randomly allocated to 2 or 4 weeks' treatment with penicillin-v (primcillin) or amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (spektramox). spektramox was superior (p < 0.01) to primcillin in eradicating haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis from the nasopharynx. no difference was noted for streptococcus pneumoniae and haemolytic streptococci, gr. a, b, c, g. no increase in the number of beta-lactamase-produc ... | 1998 | 9804023 |
| synthesis, spectral and antimicrobial properties of 5-chloroarylidene aromatic derivatives of imidazoline-4-one. | the synthesis of new chloro-benzylidene substituted derivatives of hydantoin and their antimicrobial activity is reported. the structure-activity relationships showed that the antibacterial effect of investigated compounds depends on the distance of the phenyl ring from the amine residue and the kind of substitutes on the phenyl ring. in the investigated group of derivatives, 5-(2-chlorobenzylidene)-2-(4-fluorobenzylamine)-imidazoline-4-one and 5-(2-chlorobenzylidene)-2-(2-phenylethylamine)-imid ... | 1998 | 9812333 |
| enhancement of pulmonary clearance of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis following immunization with outer membrane protein cd in a mouse model. | moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis is an important human respiratory tract pathogen. outer membrane protein (omp) cd is highly conserved among strains and has characteristics that indicate it may be an effective vaccine antigen. this study investigated the effect of immunization with omp cd on pulmonary clearance following intratracheal challenge of mice with m. catarrhalis. two routes of immunization were studied: mucosal immunization (intra-peyer's patch followed by intratracheal boost) and i ... | 1998 | 9815219 |
| discrimination between apo and iron-loaded forms of transferrin by transferrin binding protein b and its n-terminal subfragment. | many pathogens of the pasteurellaceae and neisseriaceae possess a surface receptor that binds transferrin (tf) as an initial step in an iron acquisition process. this receptor is comprised of two proteins, transferrin binding protein a (tbpa) and transferrin binding protein b (tbpb). since the ability to recognize the iron-loaded form of tf preferentially would be a useful attribute of these receptors, we examined this property in a number of bacterial species. in solid-phase binding assays with ... | 1998 | 9817820 |
| evolution of streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes and antibiotic resistance in spain: update (1990 to 1996). | 1998 | 9817852 | |
| molecular epidemiology of ampicillin-resistant non-beta-lactamase-producing haemophilus influenzae. | resistance to ampicillin without beta-lactamase production is not a frequent occurrence among haemophilus influenzae strains. this kind of resistance is encountered in unencapsulated strains isolated from bronchial secretions and ear, nose, and throat specimens and is exceptional in h. influenzae type b. we studied 29 of these strains from various areas in france and 2 reference strains. strains were compared by using ribotyping, arbitarily primed pcr with two primers, and pulsed-field gel elect ... | 1998 | 9817886 |
| cd40 engagement triggers switching to iga1 and iga2 in human b cells through induction of endogenous tgf-beta: evidence for tgf-beta but not il-10-dependent direct s mu-->s alpha and sequential s mu-->s gamma, s gamma-->s alpha dna recombination. | iga are major effectors of antimicrobial defense in the respiratory and digestive tracts. we have analyzed the requirements for and the modalities of switching to iga using our recently identified monoclonal model of human germinal center differentiation, cl-01 b cells. cl-01 cells bear surface igm (sigm) and sigd and switch to all seven downstream isotypes in response to physiologic stimuli. in these cells, cd40 engagement by cd40 ligand induces production of endogenous tgf-beta and il-10, expr ... | 1998 | 9820493 |
| antimicrobial activity of merocyanine 540: a photosensitizing dye. | the antimicrobial activity of merocyanine 540 (mc 540), a photosensitizing dye previously used to purge malignant cells from autologous bone marrow grafts, was evaluated against a panel of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and candida albicans in the presence and absence of light. in the absence of light, mc 540 demonstrated no antibacterial activity against any of the organisms tested. when combined with increasing intervals of photoillumination, growth inhibition was observed with all g ... | 1998 | 9823532 |
| fluoroquinolone-resistant moraxella catarrhalis in a patient with pneumonia: report from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (1998). | fluoroquinolone resistance in moraxella catarrhalis isolates has been quite rare. this report presents a case history of a 22-year-old man with compromised immune status and severe pneumonia caused by m. catarrhalis. the organism was markedly resistant (mics, 1.5- > 32 micrograms/ml) to several marketed fluoroquinolones including the agent (levofloxacin) used for concurrent and prior therapy. the emergence of this problematic strain seems related to chronic exposure of the patient to compounds i ... | 1998 | 9823538 |
| etiology, susceptibility, and treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of complicated chronic bronchitis in the primary care setting: ciprofloxacin 750 mg b.i.d. versus clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d. bronchitis study group. | although controversial, antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb) appears beneficial in patients with a history of repeated infections, those who have comorbid illnesses, and those with marked airway obstruction. in a community-based, open, randomized trial, the efficacy and safety of ciprofloxacin (cip) 750 mg and clarithromycin (cla) 500 mg, each given twice daily for 10 days, were compared in 2180 patients with aecb (1083 cip, 1097 cla). patie ... | 1998 | 9829441 |
| etiology of childhood pneumonia: serologic results of a prospective, population-based study. | to investigate the etiology of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia, we conducted a prospective, population-based study covering the total population <15 years of age (n = 8851) in 4 municipalities in eastern finland. | 1998 | 9849979 |
| pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of new and old antimicrobial agents for acute otitis media. | selection of appropriate antibiotic treatment for children with acute otitis media (aom) is challenging. although the diagnosis is relatively easy for experienced clinicians, the distinction between aom and otitis media with effusion is often more subtle. in general therapy is empiric and the pathogen causing disease in a given patient remains unknown. however, this situation is made even more difficult by the dynamic nature of the pathogenesis of aom. both the proportion of patients infected wi ... | 1998 | 9850001 |
| ribotyping of strains of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis cultured from the nasopharynx and middle ear of children with otitis media. | moraxella (branhaomella) catarrhalis is frequently present in the nasopharyngeal microflora of small children, especially during episodes of acute otitis media . by means of ribotyping (restriction endonuclease analysis of chromosomal dna combined with rrna probing), we studied the genetic heterogeneity of 78 cultures of m. catarrhalis obtained from different localities in the nasopharynx of nine young children with secretory otitis media. using hindiii and psti as endonucleases, five different ... | 1998 | 9655213 |
| bacterial pathogens isolated from patients with bloodstream infection: frequencies of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (united states and canada, 1997). | the sentry program was established in january 1997 to measure the predominant pathogens and antimicrobial resistance patterns of nosocomial and community-acquired infections over a broad network of sentinel hospitals in the united states (30 sites), canada (8 sites), south america (10 sites), and europe (24 sites). during the first 6-month study period (january to june 1997), a total of 5,058 bloodstream infections (bsi) were reported by north american sentry participants (4,119 from the united ... | 1998 | 9661018 |
| random amplification of polymorphic dna and microsatellite genotyping of pre- and posttreatment isolates of candida spp. from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients on different fluconazole regimens. | twelve patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and with cd4 cell counts below 100 cells/microliter received fluconazole daily (200 mg; five patients) or weekly (400 mg; seven patients) for fungal prophylaxis during a 6-month period. oropharyngeal swabs were taken at regular intervals in order to detect colonization with candida spp. all yeast isolates were examined with respect to the development over time of fluconazole resistance. genetic diversity among the strains was a ... | 1998 | 9666011 |
| cefaclor: a contemporary look at susceptibility of key pathogens from around the globe. | the orally administered cephalosporin antibiotic, cefaclor, has been available for clinical use in many countries since 1979. because widespread antibiotic use is often cited as a factor in the emergence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, we sought to determine the degrees of resistance to cefaclor expressed by key pathogens recently isolated in 10 countries widely distributed around the world. using the e-test, minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) were determined for cefaclor and severa ... | 1998 | 9669643 |
| microbiology of acute and chronic sinusitis in children and adults. | the microbiology of infections of the paranasal sinuses can be anticipated according to the patient's age, clinical presentation, and immunocompetence. in acute sinus disease, viral upper respiratory infections frequently precede bacterial superinfection by streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. staphylococci and respiratory anaerobes are common in chronic sinus infection, which may also be caused by exacerbations of infection with the bacterial species that ... | 1998 | 9671039 |
| cloning and expression of the moraxella catarrhalis lactoferrin receptor genes. | the lactoferrin receptor genes from two strains of moraxella catarrhalis have been cloned and sequenced. the lfr genes are arranged as lbpb followed by lbpa, a gene arrangement found in lactoferrin and transferrin receptor operons from several bacterial species. in addition, a third open reading frame, orf3, is located one nucleotide downstream of lbpa. the deduced lactoferrin binding protein a (lbpa) sequences from the two strains were found to be 99% identical, the lbpb sequences were 92% iden ... | 1998 | 9673246 |
| microbiology of common infections in the upper respiratory tract. | the management of upper respiratory tract infections has become more difficult because of the recent increase in the number of penicillin-resistant organisms. the bacteria that predominate in otitis media and sinusitis can resist penicillin through the production of the enzyme beta-lactamase (haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis in acute infections and staphylococcus aureus and prevotella and fusobacteria spp in chronic infections) or through changes in penicillin-binding sites (stre ... | 1998 | 9673324 |