Publications

hoxb5 is an upstream transcriptional switch for differentiation of the vascular endothelium from precursor cells.	endothelial cells differentiate from mesoderm-derived precursors to initiate the earliest events in vascular development. although the signaling events that regulate the successive steps of vascular development are known in some detail, the transcriptional processes that regulate the first steps in vasculogenesis are not well defined. we have studied the regulatory mechanisms of flk1 expression as a model to understand the upstream events in endothelial cell differentiation, since flk1 is the ea ...	2003	12897140
cofilin interacts with clc-5 and regulates albumin uptake in proximal tubule cell lines.	receptor-mediated endocytosis is a constitutive high capacity pathway for the reabsorption of proteins from the glomerular filtrate by the renal proximal tubule. clc-5 is a voltage-gated chloride channel found in the proximal tubule where it has been shown to be essential for protein uptake, based on evidence from patients with dent's disease and studies in clc-5 knockout mice. to further delineate the role of clc-5 in albumin uptake, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen with the c-terminal ta ...	2003	12904289
the mouse formin mdia1 is a potent actin nucleation factor regulated by autoinhibition.	formin proteins are widely expressed in eukaryotes and play essential roles in assembling specific cellular actin-based structures. formins are defined by a formin homology 2 (fh2) domain, as well as a proline-rich fh1 domain that binds the actin monomer binding protein, profilin, and other ligands. constructs including fh2 of budding yeast bni1 or fission yeast cdc12 formins nucleate actin filaments in vitro. in this study, we demonstrate that fh2-containing constructs of murine mdia1 (also cal ...	2003	12906795
two mammalian longevity assurance gene (lag1) family members, trh1 and trh4, regulate dihydroceramide synthesis using different fatty acyl-coa donors.	overexpression of upstream of growth and differentiation factor 1 (uog1), a mammalian homolog of the yeast longevity assurance gene (lag1), selectively induces the synthesis of stearoyl-containing sphingolipids in mammalian cells (venkataraman, k., riebeling, c., bodennec, j., riezman, h., allegood, j. c., sullards, m. c., merrill, a. h. jr., and futerman, a. h. (2002) j. biol. chem. 277, 35642-35649). gene data base analysis subsequently revealed a new subfamily of proteins containing the lag1p ...	2003	12912983
localization and interaction of nherf isoforms in the renal proximal tubule of the mouse.	in expression systems and in yeast, na/h exchanger regulatory factor (nherf)-1 and nherf-2 have been demonstrated to interact with the renal brush border membrane proteins nhe3 and npt2. in renal tissue of mice, however, nherf-1 is required for camp regulation of nhe3 and for the apical targeting of npt2 despite the presence of nherf-2, suggesting another order of specificity. the present studies examine the subcellular location of nherf-1 and nherf-2 and their interactions with target proteins ...	2003	12917102
an sh2 domain-dependent, phosphotyrosine-independent interaction between vav1 and the mer receptor tyrosine kinase: a mechanism for localizing guanine nucleotide-exchange factor action.	mer belongs to the mer/axl/tyro3 receptor tyrosine kinase family, which regulates immune homeostasis in part by triggering monocyte ingestion of apoptotic cells. mutations in mer can also cause retinitis pigmentosa, again due to defective phagocytosis of apoptotic material. although, some functional aspects of mer have been deciphered, how receptor activation lead to the physiological consequences is not understood. by using yeast two-hybrid assays, we identified the carboxyl-terminal region of ...	2003	12920122
functional studies of hephaestin in yeast: evidence for multicopper oxidase activity in the endocytic pathway.	hephaestin is a mammalian gene that encodes a predicted multicopper oxidase required for intestinal iron export. to examine if hephaestin can act as a ferroxidase, we studied yeast strains transformed with plasmids containing both a full-length hephaestin and a hephaestin lacking a transmembrane domain. yeast with a deletion in fet3, which encodes a cell-surface multicopper oxidase, cannot grow on low-iron media. expression of full-length hephaestin could complement the low-iron growth phenotype ...	2003	12921533
differential role of myd88 in macrophage-mediated responses to opportunistic fungal pathogens.	toll-like receptors mediate macrophage recognition of microbial ligands, inducing expression of microbicidal molecules and cytokines via the adapter protein myd88. we investigated the role of myd88 in regulating murine macrophage responses to a pathogenic yeast (candida albicans) and mold (aspergillus fumigatus). macrophages derived from bone marrow of myd88-deficient mice (myd88(-/-)) demonstrated impaired phagocytosis and intracellular killing of c. albicans compared to wild-type (myd88(+/+)) ...	2003	12933875
caspa2 is important for polarity establishment and maintenance in candida albicans.	saccharomyces cerevisiae spa2p is a component of polarisome that controls cell polarity. here, we have characterized the role of its homologue, caspa2p, in the polarized growth in candida albicans. during yeast growth, gfp-tagged caspa2p localized to distinct growth sites in a cell cycle-dependent manner, while during hyphal growth it persistently localized to hyphal tips throughout the cell cycle. persistent tip localization of the protein was also observed in catup1delta and canrg1delta, mutan ...	2003	12940995
variants of sporothrix schenckii with attenuated virulence for mice.	strains of sporothrix schenckii preserved under mineral oil were examined for virulence in balb/c mice. the mice were inoculated with s. schenckii conidia and development of cutaneous lesions, signs of inactivity, weight loss, survival rates, number of viable yeast cells in lung and spleen, splenomegaly and organ lesions were evaluated. after intravenous injection of 7.5 x 10(6) conidia, two of five s. schenckii strains were unable to induce systemic disease and to kill the mice, only producing ...	2003	12941384
germ cell-specific expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor mrna in mouse testis.	the gene coding for microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (mitf) contains many promoters that could generate multiple mitf isoforms with distinct amino-termini, such as ubiquitously expressed mitf-a and mitf-h. to gain further insight into mitf isoform multiplicity and the regulation of the promoter usage of the mitf gene, we have analyzed the function of the amino-terminal domains of mitf isoforms and the expression of mitf mrna in mouse postnatal testis, which is characterized by sper ...	2003	12944381
mouse proton pump atpase c subunit isoforms (c2-a and c2-b) specifically expressed in kidney and lung.	the vacuolar-type h+-atpases (v-atpases) are multimeric proton pumps involved in a wide variety of physiological processes. we have identified two alternative splicing variants of c2 subunit isoforms: c2-a, a lung-specific isoform containing a 46-amino acid insertion, and c2-b, a kidney-specific isoform without the insert. immunohistochemistry with isoform-specific antibodies revealed that v-atpase with c2-a is localized specifically in lamellar bodies of type ii alveolar cells, whereas the c2-b ...	2003	12947086
expression and function of the mouse v-atpase d subunit isoforms.	we have identified a cdna encoding a novel isoform of the mouse v-atpase d subunit (d2). the protein encoded is 350 amino acids in length and shows 42 and 67% identity to the yeast d subunit (vma6p) and the mouse d1 isoform, respectively. reverse transcriptase-pcr analysis using isoform-specific primers demonstrate that d2 is expressed mainly in kidney and at lower levels in heart, spleen, skeletal muscle, and testis. although d1 and d2 show similar levels of sequence homology to vma6p, only the ...	2003	12963731
ahp2 is required for bivalent formation and for segregation of homologous chromosomes in arabidopsis meiosis.	a new arabidopsis meiotic mutant has been isolated. homozygous ahp2-1 (arabidopsis homologue pairing 2) plants were sterile because of failure of both male and female gametophyte development. fluorescent in situ hybridisation showed that in ahp2-1 male meiocytes, chromosomes did not form bivalents during prophase i and instead seemed to associate indiscriminately. chromosome fragmentation, chromatin bridges and unbalanced segregation were seen in anaphase i and anaphase ii. the ahp2-1 mutation w ...	2003	12974806
stearoyl-coa desaturase, a short-lived protein of endoplasmic reticulum with multiple control mechanisms.	stearoyl-coa desaturase (scd) is a short-lived, polytopic membrane-bound non-heme iron enzyme localized primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum. scd is required for the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, and plays a key role in hepatic synthesis of triglycerides and very-low-density lipoproteins. the intracellular concentration of scd fluctuates in a wide range in response to complex and often competing hormonal and dietary factors. a combination of transcriptional regulation and rapid ...	2003	12538076
the mouse organellar biogenesis mutant buff results from a mutation in vps33a, a homologue of yeast vps33 and drosophila carnation.	in the mouse, more than 16 loci are associated with mutant phenotypes that include defective pigmentation, aberrant targeting of lysosomal enzymes, prolonged bleeding, and immunodeficiency, the result of defective biogenesis of cytoplasmic organelles: melanosomes, lysosomes, and various storage granules. many of these mouse mutants are homologous to the human hermansky-pudlak syndrome (hps), chediak-higashi syndrome, and griscelli syndrome. we have mapped and positionally cloned one of these mou ...	2003	12538872
an integrated physical and gene map of the 3.5-mb chromosome 3p21.3 (ap20) region implicated in major human epithelial malignancies.	to facilitate the identification of tumor suppressor genes in the chromosome 3p21.3-p22 ap20 subregion, we constructed a 3.5-mb physical and gene map of this segment (between markers d3s4285 and d3s3873) that spans the distance from 124.4cr3000 to 133.5 cr3000 of the gb4 genetic map. we used noti-linking and -jumping clones, sequence-tagged site pcr marker analysis, and multicolor and fiber fluorescence in situ hybridization to confirm the sequence order and map orientation. an integrated clone ...	2003	12543795
loss of hr6b ubiquitin-conjugating activity results in damaged synaptonemal complex structure and increased crossing-over frequency during the male meiotic prophase.	the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes hr6a and hr6b are the two mammalian homologs of saccharomyces cerevisiae rad6. in yeast, rad6 plays an important role in postreplication dna repair and in sporulation. hr6b knockout mice are viable, but spermatogenesis is markedly affected during postmeiotic steps, leading to male infertility. in the present study, increased apoptosis of hr6b knockout primary spermatocytes was detected during the first wave of spermatogenesis, indicating that hr6b performs a pri ...	2003	12556476
disruption of the pelota gene causes early embryonic lethality and defects in cell cycle progression.	mutations in either the drosophila melanogaster pelota or pelo gene or the saccharomyces cerevisiae homologous gene, dom34, cause defects of spermatogenesis and oogenesis in drosophila, and delay of growth and failure of sporulation in yeast. these phenotypes suggest that pelota is required for normal progression of the mitotic and meiotic cell cycle. to determine the role of the pelota in mouse development and progression of cell cycle, we have established a targeted disruption of the mouse pel ...	2003	12556505
self-interaction of heterochromatin protein 1 is required for direct binding to histone methyltransferase, suv39h1.	heterochromatin protein 1 (hp1) binds to the nucleosome via a methylated lysine residue 9 of histone h3 which is catalyzed by a histone methyltransferase such as suv39h1. although co-localization of hp1 and suv39h1 has been evident in immunostaining and immunoprecipitation experiments, direct protein-protein interactions have remained to be characterized. we examined interactions between mouse hp1 alpha (mhp1 alpha) and suv39h1 in yeast and in vitro. a yeast two-hybrid and a glutathione s-transf ...	2003	12565857
interaction of retinal bzip transcription factor nrl with flt3-interacting zinc-finger protein fiz1: possible role of fiz1 as a transcriptional repressor.	nrl (neural retina leucine zipper) is a basic motif leucine zipper transcription factor of the maf-subfamily. multiple phosphorylated isoforms of nrl are detected specifically in rod photoreceptors. nrl regulates the expression of several rod-specific genes, including rhodopsin and cgmp phosphodiesterase beta-subunit, in synergy with other transcription factors (e.g. the homeodomain protein crx). missense mutations in the human nrl gene are associated with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa ...	2003	12566383
tes is a novel focal adhesion protein with a role in cell spreading.	previously, we identified tes as a novel candidate tumour suppressor gene that mapped to human chromosome 7q31.1. in this report we demonstrate that the tes protein is localised at focal adhesions, actin stress fibres and areas of cell-cell contact. tes has three c-terminal lim domains that appear to be important for focal adhesion targeting. additionally, the n-terminal region is important for targeting tes to actin stress fibres. yeast two-hybrid and biochemical analyses yielded interactions w ...	2003	12571287
hypothesis: a glycoprotein-degradation complex formed by protein-protein interaction involves cytoplasmic peptide:n-glycanase.	a cytoplasmic peptide:n-glycanase has been implicated in the proteasomal degradation of newly synthesized misfolded glycoproteins that are exported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. recently, the gene encoding this enzyme (png1p) was identified in yeast and shown to bind to the 26s proteasome through its interaction with a component of the dna repair system, rad23p. moreover, a mouse homologue of png1p (mpng1p), which has an extended n-terminal domain, was found to bind not only to ...	2003	12593838
induction of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain ii-c by butyrate in raw 264.7 mouse macrophages.	raw 264.7 macrophages express nonmuscle myosin heavy chain ii-a as the only significant nonmuscle myosin heavy chain isoform, with expression of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain ii-b and ii-c low or absent. treatment of the cells with sodium butyrate, an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, led to the dose-dependent induction of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain ii-c. trichostatin a, another inhibitor of histone deacetylase, also induced nonmuscle myosin heavy chain ii-c. induction of nonmuscle myosin heavy ...	2003	12598534
novel espin actin-bundling proteins are localized to purkinje cell dendritic spines and bind the src homology 3 adapter protein insulin receptor substrate p53.	we identified a group of actin-binding-bundling proteins that are expressed in cerebellar purkinje cells (pcs) but are not detected in other neurons of the cns. these proteins are novel isoforms of the actin-bundling protein espin that arise through the use of a unique site for transcriptional initiation and differential splicing. light and electron microscopic localization studies demonstrated that these espin isoforms are enriched in the dendritic spines of pcs. they were detected in the head ...	2003	12598619
coenzyme-based functional assignments of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (sdrs).	short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (sdrs) are enzymes of great functional diversity. in spite of a residue identity of only 15-30%, the folds are conserved to a large extent, with specific sequence motifs detectable. we have developed an assignment scheme based on these motifs and detect five families. only two of these were known before, called 'classical' and 'extended', but are now distinguished at a further level based on patterns of charged residues in the coenzyme-binding region, giving ...	2003	12604213
a-kinase anchoring protein 4 binding proteins in the fibrous sheath of the sperm flagellum.	the fibrous sheath is a unique cytoskeletal structure located in the principal piece of the sperm flagellum and is constructed of two longitudinal columns connected by closely spaced circumferential ribs. cyclic amp-dependent protein kinases are secured within specific cytoplasmic domains by a-kinase anchoring proteins (akaps), and the most abundant protein in the fibrous sheath is akap4. several other fibrous sheath proteins have been identified, but how the fibrous sheath assembles is not unde ...	2003	12606363
tailoring the genome: the power of genetic approaches.	in the last century, genetics has developed into one of the most powerful tools for addressing basic questions concerning inheritance, development, individual and social operations and death. here we summarize the current approaches to these questions in four of the most advanced models organisms: saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast), caenorhabditis elegans (worm), drosophila melanogaster (fly) and mus musculus (mouse). the genomes of each of these four models have been sequenced, and all have well ...	2003	12610537
transcriptional regulation of the nuclear gene encoding the alpha-subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial f1f0 atp synthase complex: role for the orphan nuclear receptor, coup-tfii/arp-1.	our laboratory has been studying the transcriptional regulation of the nuclear gene (atpa) that encodes the alpha-subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial f1f0 atp synthase complex. we have previously determined that the regulatory factor, upstream stimulatory factor 2 (usf2), can stimulate transcription of the atpa gene through the cis-acting regulatory element 1 in the upstream promoter of this gene. in this study, we used the yeast one-hybrid screening method to identify another factor, coup-tf ...	2003	12614160
nuclear localization of senescence marker protein-30, smp30, in cultured mouse hepatocytes and its similarity to rna polymerase.	senescence marker protein-30 (smp30), expressed mostly in the liver, protects cells against various injuries by stimulating membrane calcium-pump activity. by immunohistochemistry and western blotting, we found that smp30 was in both the nuclei and cytoplasm of cultured mouse hepatocytes. by a homology search, we found that a domain of the smp30 sequence 51 amino acid residues long was 60-66% similar to bacterial and yeast rna polymerases.	2003	12619687
hsf-1 interacts with ral-binding protein 1 in a stress-responsive, multiprotein complex with hsp90 in vivo.	heat shock factor 1 (hsf1) regulates the rapid and transient expression of heat shock genes in response to stress. the transcriptional activity of hsf1 is tightly controlled, and under physiological growth conditions, the hsf1 monomer is in a heterocomplex with the molecular chaperone hsp90. through unknown mechanisms, transcriptionally repressed hsf1.hsp90 heterocomplexes dissociate following stress, which triggers hsf1 activation and heat shock gene transcription. using a yeast two-hybrid scre ...	2003	12621024
the c-terminal kinase domain of the p34cdc2-related pitslre protein kinase (p110c) associates with p21-activated kinase 1 and inhibits its activity during anoikis.	the pitslre protein kinases are parts of the large family of p34cdc2-related kinases. during apoptosis induced by some stimuli, specific pitslre isoforms are cleaved by caspase to produce a protein that contains the c-terminal kinase domain of the pitslre proteins (p110c). the p110c induces apoptosis when it is ectopically expressed in chinese hamster ovary cells. in our study, similar induction of this p110c was observed during anoikis in nih3t3 cells. to investigate the molecular mechanism of ...	2003	12624090
isolation and characterization of a myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase cdna from developing sesame (sesamum indicum l.) seeds: functional and differential expression, and salt-induced transcription during germination.	a cdna (semips1) encoding myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase (ec 5.5.1.4) (mips) has been characterized from sesame (sesamum indicum l. cv. dan-baek) seeds and its functional expression analyzed. the semips1 protein was highly homologous with those from other plant species (88-94%), while a much lower degree of sequence homology (53-62%) was found with other organisms such as humans, mouse, algae, yeast, drosophila, bacteria and other prokaryotes. a yeast-based complementation assay in yeast muta ...	2003	12624775
isolation and characterization of an avirulent candida albicans yeast monomorphic mutant.	mutagenesis of candida albicans strain atcc 26555 with n-methyl-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine followed by plating on solid yeast nitrogen base-n-acetylglucosamine medium at 37 degrees c yielded colony morphology variants that were characterized as forming smooth colonies, in contrast to the rough colonies formed by the parental strain. one yeast monomorphic mutant, cal4, was studied in detail. strain cal4 is defective in filamentous growth, unable to form hyphae or pseudohyphae in vivo and in vitro. ...	2003	12627803
wnt signaling in b-cell neoplasia.	wnts comprise a family of secreted proteins that interact with receptors consisting of a frizzled (fz) family member alone or complexed with ldl receptor-related proteins (lrp5/6). wnt signaling plays a crucial role in both development and differentiation, and activation of a 'canonical' wnt pathway resulting in beta-catenin stabilization is associated with several types of human cancers. to date, little is known about potential wnt signaling in mature lymphocytes or lymphoid neoplasia. herein, ...	2003	12629517
mitochondrial protein import: recognition of internal import signals of bcs1 by the tom complex.	bcs1, a component of the inner membrane of mitochondria, belongs to the group of proteins with internal, noncleavable import signals. import and intramitochondrial sorting of bcs1 are encoded in the n-terminal 126 amino acid residues. three sequence elements were identified in this region, namely, the transmembrane domain (amino acid residues 51 to 68), a presequence type helix (residues 69 to 83), and an import auxiliary region (residues 84 to 126). the transmembrane domain is not required for ...	2003	12640110
the absence of sir2alpha protein has no effect on global gene silencing in mouse embryonic stem cells.	the yeast sir2 gene plays a central role in mediating gene silencing and dna repair in this organism. the mouse sir2alpha gene is closely related to its yeast homologue and encodes a nuclear protein expressed at particularly high levels in embryonic stem (es) cells. we used homologous recombination to create es cells null for sir2alpha and found that these cells did not have elevated levels of acetylated histones and did not ectopically express silent genes. unlike yeast sir2 mutants, our sir2al ...	2003	12651913
the atp-dependent lon protease of mus musculus is a dna-binding protein that is functionally conserved between yeast and mammals.	the atp-dependent lon protease is a multi-functional enzyme that is conserved from archae to mammalian mitochondria, which not only degrades protein substrates but also binds dna. as a starting point toward understanding lon function in development, the mouse lon cdna was cloned and the encoded protein was characterized in cultured mammalian cells, in yeast and in vitro. mouse lon shows 87, 40 and 33% amino acid similarity with the human, yeast and bacterial homologs, respectively. expression of ...	2003	12657466
phosphorylation of histone h2ax and activation of mre11, rad50, and nbs1 in response to replication-dependent dna double-strand breaks induced by mammalian dna topoisomerase i cleavage complexes.	dna double-strand breaks originating from diverse causes in eukaryotic cells are accompanied by the formation of phosphorylated h2ax (gammah2ax) foci. here we show that gammah2ax formation is also a cellular response to topoisomerase i cleavage complexes known to induce dna double-strand breaks during replication. in hct116 human carcinoma cells exposed to the topoisomerase i inhibitor camptothecin, the resulting gammah2ax formation can be prevented with the phosphatidylinositol 3-oh kinase-rela ...	2003	12660252
the hermansky-pudlak syndrome 1 (hps1) and hps4 proteins are components of two complexes, bloc-3 and bloc-4, involved in the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles.	hermansky-pudlak syndrome (hps) is a genetic disease of lysosome, melanosome, and granule biogenesis. mutations of six different loci have been associated with hps in humans, the most frequent of which are mutations of the hps1 and hps4 genes. here, we show that the hps1 and hps4 proteins are components of two novel protein complexes involved in biogenesis of melanosome and lysosome-related organelles: biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-(bloc) 3 and bloc-4. the phenotypes of hps1- ...	2003	12663659
endogenous assays of dna methyltransferases: evidence for differential activities of dnmt1, dnmt2, and dnmt3 in mammalian cells in vivo.	while cpg methylation can be readily analyzed at the dna sequence level in wild-type and mutant cells, the actual dna (cytosine-5) methyltransferases (dnmts) responsible for in vivo methylation on genomic dna are less tractable. we used an antibody-based method to identify specific endogenous dnmts (dnmt1, dnmt1b, dnmt2, dnmt3a, and dnmt3b) that stably and selectively bind to genomic dna containing 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (aza-dc) in vivo. selective binding to aza-dc-containing dna suggests that ...	2003	12665573
secreted expression of dengue virus type 2 full-length envelope glycoprotein in pichia pastoris.	the full-length envelope glycoprotein gene of dengue virus type 2 was cloned using an rt-pcr method from the infected c6/36 cells and inserted into ppiczab vector. the recombinant plasmid was integrated into pichia pastoris by electroporation and the expressed product was identified by sds-page and western blotting. high-level secreted expression was performed by determining the mut(+) phenotype and screening multi-copy integrants in the recombinant yeast cells. a recombinant protein with a mole ...	2003	12668263
prokaryotic and eukaryotic translational machineries respond differently to the frameshifting rna signal from plant or animal virus.	many mutational and structural analyses of the rna signals propose a hypothesis that programmed frameshifting occurs by a specific interaction between ribosome and frameshifting signals comprised of a shifty site and a downstream rna structure, in which the exact nature of the interaction has not yet been proven. to address this question, we analyzed the frameshifting sequence elements from animal or plant virus in yeast and escherichia coli. frameshifting efficiencies varied in yeast, but not i ...	2003	12686425
modulation of splicing events in histone deacetylase 3 by various extracellular and signal transduction pathways.	within the context of the chromatin environment histone deacetylases are important transcriptional regulators. three classes of human histone deacetylases have currently been identified on the basis of their similarity to yeast proteins. the class i enzymes contain four members: hdacs 1-3 and hdac8. of these, hdac3 is known to generate transcript variants with altered amino-terminal regions. here we describe the identification of a novel splice variant of hdac3, in which exon 3 is alternatively ...	2003	12691522
analysis of immunological nonresponsiveness to the 19-kilodalton fragment of merozoite surface protein 1 of plasmodium yoelii: rescue by chemical conjugation to diphtheria toxoid (dt) and enhancement of immunogenicity by prior dt vaccination.	the plasmodium merozoite surface protein 1 (msp1) is a leading vaccine candidate for protecting against the blood stage of malaria. previous studies have shown that the 19-kda carboxyl terminus of this protein is able to induce protective immunity in some monkey and mouse strains. we show that immunization with the recombinant plasmodium yoelii 19-kda fragment of msp1 (msp1(19)) expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae (ymsp1(19)) can induce protective antibodies in several inbred mouse strains and ...	2003	14500491
pias1-mediated sumoylation of focal adhesion kinase activates its autophosphorylation.	focal adhesion kinase (fak) is a protein tyrosine kinase enriched in focal adhesions, which plays a critical role in integrin-dependent cell motility and survival. the crucial step in its activation is autophosphorylation on tyr-397, which promotes the recruitment of several enzymes including src family kinases and the activation of multiple signaling pathways. we found in a yeast two-hybrid screen that the n-terminal domain of fak interacted with protein inhibitor of activated stat1 (pias1). th ...	2003	14500712
nf1 modulates the effects of ras oncogenes: evidence of other nf1 function besides its gap activity.	neurofibromin (nf1) (the product of nf1 gene) is a large cytosolic protein known as a negative regulator of ras. a fragment of some 400 residues located at the center of the nf1 gap-related domain (nf1-grd) has strong identity with other molecules of the gap family, which comprises, among others, the mammalian proteins nf1 and p120gap, and the yeast proteins ira1 and ira2. gap family members are known by their ability to promote the gtpase activity of ras proteins, facilitating the transit of th ...	2003	14502561
complexes between the lkb1 tumor suppressor, strad alpha/beta and mo25 alpha/beta are upstream kinases in the amp-activated protein kinase cascade.	the amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) cascade is a sensor of cellular energy charge that acts as a 'metabolic master switch' and inhibits cell proliferation. activation requires phosphorylation of thr172 of ampk within the activation loop by upstream kinases (ampkks) that have not been identified. recently, we identified three related protein kinases acting upstream of the yeast homolog of ampk. although they do not have obvious mammalian homologs, they are related to lkb1, a tumor suppressor ...	2003	14511394
decreased frequency and highly aberrant spectrum of ultraviolet-induced mutations in the hprt gene of mouse fibroblasts expressing antisense rna to dna polymerase zeta.	in the budding yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, dna polymerase zeta (pol zeta) is responsible for the great majority of mutations generated during error-prone translesion replication of dna that contains uv-induced lesions. the catalytic subunit of pol zeta is encoded by the rev3 gene. the orthologue of rev3 has been cloned from higher eukaryotic cells, including human, but its role in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis remains obscure. investigation into the cellular function of pol zeta has been hi ...	2003	14517346
group i metabotropic glutamate receptors bind to protein phosphatase 1c. mapping and modeling of interacting sequences.	the modulation of neurotransmitter receptors by kinases and phosphatases represents a key mechanism in controlling synaptic signal transduction. however, molecular determinants involved in the specific targeting and interactions of these enzymes are largely unknown. here, we identified both catalytic gamma-isoforms of protein phosphatase 1c (pp1gamma1 and pp1gamma2) as binding partners of the group i metabotropic glutamate receptors type 1a, 5a, and 5b in yeast cells and pull-down assays, using ...	2003	14519764
differential regulation of the sir2 histone deacetylase gene family by inhibitors of class i and ii histone deacetylases.	the sir2 histone deacetylase gene family consists of seven mammalian sirtuins (sirts) which are nad-dependent histone/protein deacetylases. sir2 proteins regulate, for instance, genome stability by chromatin silencing in yeast. in mammals, their function is still largely unknown. due to the nad+ dependency, sir2 might be the link between metabolic activity and histone/protein acetylation. regulation of gene expression also seems to play an important role in sir2 functions, since increasing the d ...	2003	14523559
hpr6.6 protein mediates cell death from oxidative damage in mcf-7 human breast cancer cells.	reactive oxygen species (ros) cause cell death and are associated with a variety of maladies, from trauma and infection to organ degeneration and cancer. cells mount a complex response to oxidative damage that includes signaling from transmembrane receptors and intracellular kinases. we have analyzed the response to oxidative damage in human breast cancer cells expressing the hpr6.6 (human membrane progesterone receptor) protein. although hpr6.6 is related to a putative progesterone-binding prot ...	2003	14523988
analysis of sox10 mutations identified in waardenburg-hirschsprung patients: differential effects on target gene regulation.	sox10 is a member of the sox gene family related by homology to the high-mobility group (hmg) box region of the testis-determining gene sry. mutations of the transcription factor gene sox10 lead to waardenburg-hirschsprung syndrome (waardenburg-shah syndrome, ws4) in humans. a number of sox10 mutations have been identified in ws4 patients who suffer from different extents of intestinal aganglionosis, pigmentation, and hearing abnormalities. some patients also exhibit signs of myelination deficie ...	2003	14523991
a single protease, apg4b, is specific for the autophagy-related ubiquitin-like proteins gate-16, map1-lc3, gabarap, and apg8l.	apg8 is a ubiquitin-like protein involved in autophagy in yeast. apg8 is covalently but transiently attached to membrane lipids through the actions of activating, conjugating, and processing/deconjugating enzymes. the mammalian apg8 homologues gate-16, gararap, and map1-lc3 have been implicated in intra-golgi transport, receptor sorting, and autophagy, respectively. all are served by a single set of activating and conjugating enzymes. here we identify a novel mammalian apg8 homologue, which we n ...	2003	14530254
characterization of a novel binding partner of the melanocortin-4 receptor: attractin-like protein.	the gene dosage effect of the mc4-r (melanocortin 4 receptor) on obesity suggests that regulation of mc4-r expression and function is critically important to the central control of energy homoeostasis. in order to identify putative mc4-r regulatory proteins, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen of a mouse brain cdna library using the mouse mc4-r intracellular tail (residues 303-332) as bait. we report here on one positive clone that shares 63% amino acid identity with the c-terminal part of th ...	2003	14531729
aipl1, a protein implicated in leber's congenital amaurosis, interacts with and aids in processing of farnesylated proteins.	the most common form of blindness at birth, leber's congenital amaurosis (lca), is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. mutations in six different retina-specific genes, including a recently discovered gene, aipl1, have been linked to lca in humans. to understand the molecular basis of lca caused by aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein-like 1 (aipl1) mutations, and to elucidate the normal function of aipl1, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen using aipl1 as bait. the screen d ...	2003	14555765
pleiotropic effects of ubp6 loss on drug sensitivities and yeast prion are due to depletion of the free ubiquitin pool.	mutation of the mouse usp14 gene, encoding the homolog of yeast deubiquitinating enzyme ubp6, causes ataxia. here we show that deletion of the ubp6 gene in saccharomyces cerevisiae causes sensitivity to a broad range of toxic compounds and antagonizes phenotypic expression and de novo induction of the yeast prion [psi+], a functionally defective self-perpetuating isoform of the translation termination factor sup35. conversely, overexpression of ubiquitin (ub) increases phenotypic expression and ...	2003	14559899
quantitative analysis of cbp- and p300-induced histone acetylations in vivo using native chromatin.	in vivo, histone tails are involved in numerous interactions, including those with dna, adjacent histones, and other, nonhistone proteins. the amino termini are also the substrates for a number of enzymes, including histone acetyltransferases (hats), histone deacetylases, and histone methyltransferases. traditional biochemical approaches defining the substrate specificity profiles of hats have been performed using purified histone tails, recombinant histones, or purified mononucleosomes as subst ...	2003	14560007
antibodies to a cell surface histone-like protein protect against histoplasma capsulatum.	a protective role for antibodies has not previously been described for host defense against the pathogenic fungus histoplasma capsulatum (hc). mouse mab's were generated from mice immunized with hc yeast that binds the cell surface of hc. administration of mab's before hc infection reduced fungal burden, decreased pulmonary inflammation, and prolonged survival in a murine infection model. protection mediated by mab's was associated with enhanced levels of il-4, il-6, and ifn-gamma in the lungs o ...	2003	14561701
identification of human sep1 as a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor-inducible protein and its expression in the nervous system.	glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (gdnf) signals through multisubunit receptor complex consisting of ret tyrosine kinase and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored coreceptor called gdnf family receptor alpha1 (gfralpha1). in the current study, we cloned a human sep1 gene as a gdnf-inducible gene using human neuroblastoma cells that express ret and gfralpha1. the induction of the sep1 gene showed two peaks at 0.5-2 h and 24-48 h after gdnf stimulation by northern blotting and quantita ...	2003	14580940
negative feedback regulation ensures the one receptor-one olfactory neuron rule in mouse.	in the mouse olfactory system, each olfactory sensory neuron (osn) expresses only one odorant receptor (or) gene in a monoallelic and mutually exclusive manner. such expression forms the genetic basis for or-instructed axonal projection of osns to the olfactory bulb of the brain during development. here, we identify an upstream cis-acting dna region that activates the or gene cluster in mouse and allows the expression of only one or gene within the cluster. deletion of the coding region of the e ...	2003	14593185
the tat protein of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) interacts with the egf-like repeats of the notch proteins and the egf precursor.	employing the yeast two-hybrid system, the tat protein of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) was shown to interact with a region spanning the egf-like repeats 1-6 of the mouse notch1, the human notch2 and the drosophila notch. this observation was confirmed in mammalian cells by demonstrating an interaction between the hiv tat and the egf-like repeats 1-6 of the various notch proteins. the hiv tat protein interacted also with the full-length mouse notch1 receptor when co-expressed in mammali ...	2003	14609630
protein kinase ckiialpha interacts with the bcr moiety of bcr/abl and mediates proliferation of bcr/abl-expressing cells.	the bcr protein was originally identified because of its fusion to abl as a consequence of the philadelphia chromosome translocation found in chronic myelogenous and acute lymphoblastic leukemias. the bcr moiety is essential for the transforming activity of the bcr/abl oncogene. in search of physiologically relevant bcr and bcr/abl-interacting proteins, we performed an interaction screen in yeast using the entire bcr protein as bait. we here report that the alpha catalytic subunit of protein kin ...	2003	14614449
a clc-type chloride channel gene is required for laccase activity and virulence in cryptococcus neoformans.	laccase is a major virulence factor required for infection caused by the human pathogenic yeast cryptococcus neoformans. however, cellular processes involved in the regulation and expression of laccase remain largely unknown in c. neoformans. here we report the identification of a chloride channel gene clc-a which is essential for laccase activity in c. neoformans. clc-a shares homology to clc-type voltage-gated chloride channels from other organisms; for example, 63% homology to gef1, a chlorid ...	2003	14622414
identification of mouse vps16 and biochemical characterization of mammalian class c vps complex.	many multiprotein complexes mediate the fusion of the intracellular membranes. the question how the specificity of the membrane fusion is controlled has not been fully elucidated. here we report the identification of a mouse homologue vps16p (mvps16), which exhibits a high homology to the yeast vps16p, a component of class c vacuolar protein sorting (vps) complex implicated in the yeast vacuole membrane fusion. northern and western blot analyses reveal that mvps16 is ubiquitously expressed in th ...	2003	14623309
strand compositional asymmetries of nuclear dna in eukaryotes.	both dna replication and transcription are structurally asymmetric processes. an asymmetric nucleotide substitution pattern has been observed between the leading and the lagging strand, and between the coding and the noncoding strand, in eubacterial, viral, and organelle genomes. similar studies in eukaryotes have been rare, because the origins of replication in nuclear genomes are mostly unknown and the replicons are much shorter than those of prokaryotes. to circumvent these predicaments, all ...	2003	14629042
lipoprotein receptors and a disabled family cytoplasmic adaptor protein regulate egl-17/fgf export in c. elegans.	growth factors and morphogens need to be secreted to act on distant cells during development and in response to injury. here, we report evidence that efficient export of a fibroblast growth factor (fgf), egl-17, from the caenorhabditis elegans developing vulva requires the lipoprotein receptor-related proteins ce-lrp-1 and ce-lrp-2 and a cytoplasmic adaptor protein, ce-dab-1 (disabled). lipoprotein receptors are transmembrane proteins best known for their roles in endocytosis. ce-lrp-1 and ce-lr ...	2003	14630941
active and inactive orientations of the transmembrane and cytosolic domains of the erythropoietin receptor dimer.	binding of erythropoietin to the erythropoietin receptor (epor) extracellular domain orients the transmembrane (tm) and cytosolic regions of the receptor dimer into an unknown activated conformation. by replacing the epor extracellular domain with a dimeric coiled coil, we engineered tm epor fusion proteins where the helical tm domains were constrained into seven possible relative orientations. we identify one dimeric tm conformation that imparts full activity to the cytosolic domain of the rece ...	2003	14636581
mouse mafa, homologue of zebrafish somite maf 1, contributes to the specific transcriptional activity through the insulin promoter.	large maf transcription factors, which are members of the basic leucine zipper (b-zip) superfamily, have been reported to be involved in embryonic development and cell differentiation. previously, we isolated a novel zebrafish large maf cdna, somite maf1 (smaf1), which possesses transactivational activity within its n-terminus domain. to elucidate smaf1 function in mammals, we tried to isolate the mouse homologue of zebrafish smaf1. we isolated the mouse homologue of zebrafish smaf1, which is th ...	2003	14680841
[rna responsible for conferring a dnase i sensitive structure on albumin gene in assembled chromatin].	although the set of genes is virtually the same in all tissues,differential gene expression is appeared in cells of different kinds. differentiation and ageing are associated with regulation of gene expression that is a fundamental mechanism in eukaryotic development and survival. the sensitivity to dnase i of actively transcribed genes seems to be a general phenomenon. the purpose of the study is to test whether rnas obtained from different organs or cells can enhance susceptibility of albumin ...	2003	15639815
human kanadaptin and kidney anion exchanger 1 (kae1) do not interact in transfected hek 293 cells.	kanadaptin (kidney anion exchanger adaptor protein) is a widely expressed protein, shown previously to interact with the cytosolic domain of mouse cl-/hco3- anion exchanger 1 (kae1) but not erythroid ae1 (eae1) by a yeast-two hybrid assay. kanadaptin was co-localized with kae1 in intracellular membranes but not at the plasma membrane in alpha-intercalated cells of rabbit kidney. it was suggested that kanadaptin is an adaptor protein or chaperone involved in targeting kae1 to the plasma membrane. ...	2004	15764369
abt1-associated protein (abtap), a novel nuclear protein conserved from yeast to mammals, represses transcriptional activation by abt1.	various tata-binding protein (tbp)-associated proteins are involved in the regulation of gene expression through control of basal transcription directed by rna polymerase (pol) ii. we recently identified a novel nuclear protein, activator of basal transcription 1 (abt1), which binds tbp and dna, and enhances pol ii-directed basal transcription. to better understand regulatory mechanisms for abt1, we searched for abt1-binding proteins using a yeast two-hybrid screening and isolated a cdna clone e ...	2004	15660422
atp hydrolysis by orc catalyzes reiterative mcm2-7 assembly at a defined origin of replication.	the origin recognition complex (orc) is a six-subunit, atp-regulated, dna binding protein that is required for the formation of the prereplicative complex (pre-rc), an essential replication intermediate formed at each origin of dna replication. in this study, we investigate the mechanism of orc function during pre-rc formation and how atp influences this event. we demonstrate that atp hydrolysis by orc requires the coordinate function of the orc1 and orc4 subunits. mutations that eliminate orc a ...	2004	15610739
myospryn is a novel binding partner for dysbindin in muscle.	dysbindin is a coiled-coil-containing protein that was initially identified in a screen for dystrobrevin-interacting proteins. recently, dysbindin has been shown to be involved in the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles and is also a major schizophrenia susceptibility factor. although dysbindin has been implicated in a number of different cellular processes, little is known about its function. to determine the function of dysbindin in muscle, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen to ident ...	2004	14688250
identification of psd-95 palmitoylating enzymes.	palmitoylation is a lipid modification that plays a critical role in protein trafficking and function throughout the nervous system. palmitoylation of psd-95 is essential for its regulation of ampa receptors and synaptic plasticity. the enzymes that mediate palmitoyl acyl transfer to psd-95 have not yet been identified; however, proteins containing a dhhc cysteine-rich domain mediate palmitoyl acyl transferase activity in yeast. here, we isolated 23 mammalian dhhc proteins and found that a subse ...	2004	15603741
fad24, a mammalian homolog of noc3p, is a positive regulator in adipocyte differentiation.	adipocyte differentiation is controlled by complex actions involving gene expression and signal transduction. from metaphase to anaphase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, the ccaat/enhancer-binding protein family and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 are known to function as master regulators. however, the mechanism underlying the earliest step, which triggers the initiation of differentiation, remains unknown. in previous reports, we have isolated a number of genes, w ...	2004	15564382
rational redesign of inhibitors of furin/kexin processing proteases by electrostatic mutations.	to model the three-dimensional structure and investigate the interaction mechanism of the proprotein convertase furin/kexin and their inhibitors (eglin c mutants).	2004	15569420
basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor tcfl5 interacts with the calmegin gene promoter in mouse spermatogenesis.	in mouse spermatogenesis, differentiating germ line cells initiate expression of specific genes at subsequent developmental steps. the calmegin (clgn) gene is first expressed in meiotic prophase, in primary spermatocytes, and encodes a protein that acts as a chaperone. to identify testis-specific transcription factors that control expression of the clgn gene in spermatogenesis, we performed a yeast one-hybrid screening with a clgn promoter sequence as bait dna. this screening resulted in the ide ...	2004	15585666
periplakin interferes with g protein activation by the melanin-concentrating hormone receptor-1 by binding to the proximal segment of the receptor c-terminal tail.	in mice genetic ablation of expression of either melanin-concentrating hormone or the melanin-concentrating hormone-1 receptor results in alterations in energy metabolism and a lean phenotype. there is thus great interest in the function and regulation of this receptor. using the yeast two-hybrid system we identified an interaction of the actin- and intermediate filament-binding protein periplakin with the intracellular c-terminal tail of the melanin-concentrating hormone-1 receptor. direct asso ...	2004	15590649
kre5 gene null mutant strains of candida albicans are avirulent and have altered cell wall composition and hypha formation properties.	the udp-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase (uggt) is an endoplasmic reticulum sensor for quality control of glycoprotein folding. saccharomyces cerevisiae is the only eukaryotic organism so far described lacking uggt-mediated transient reglucosylation of n-linked oligosaccharides. the only gene in s. cerevisiae with similarity to those encoding uggts is kre5. s. cerevisiae kre5 deletion strains show severely reduced levels of cell wall beta-1,6-glucan polymer, aberrant morphology, and extr ...	2004	15590817
ubiquilin-1 is a novel hash-1-complexing protein that regulates levels of neuronal bhlh transcription factors in human neuroblastoma cells.	the basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) transcription factor mammalian achaete-scute homologue-1 (mash-1 in mouse and hash-1 in humans) is expressed in specific subsets of embryonic neuronal precursors of both the peripheral and central nervous systems. this gene is essential for development of olfactory and most peripheral autonomic neurons. neuro-blastoma is a pediatric malignancy derived from sympathetic nervous system precursors and hash-1 is expressed in a majority of neuroblastoma tumors and cel ...	2004	15492808
interactions between g-protein-coupled receptors and periplakin: a selective means to regulate g-protein activation.	a substantial number of g-protein-coupled receptor-interacting proteins have been identified initially by the use of yeast two-hybrid screens. using the c-terminal tail of both opioid receptors and the melanin concentrating hormone receptor-1 as bait, the actin and intermediate filament-binding protein periplakin was isolated. in each case, the site of interaction is within helix viii of the receptor and periplakin limits agonist-mediated g-protein activation potentially by competing with g-prot ...	2004	15494039
probing the instabilities in the dynamics of helical fragments from mouse prpc.	the first step in the formation of the protease resistant form (prpsc) of prion proteins involves a conformational transition of the monomeric cellular form of prpc to a more stable aggregation prone state prpc*. a search of pdbselect and escherichia coli and yeast genomes shows that the exact pattern of charges in helix 1 (h1) is rare. among the 23 fragments in pdbselect with the pattern of charges that match h1, 83% are helical. mapping of the rarely found (in e. coli and yeast genomes) hydrop ...	2004	15494440
characterization of mammalian ecm29, a 26 s proteasome-associated protein that localizes to the nucleus and membrane vesicles.	in addition to its thirty or so core subunits, a number of accessory proteins associate with the 26 s proteasome presumably to assist in substrate degradation or to localize the enzyme within cells. among these proteins is ecm29p, a 200-kda yeast protein that contains numerous heat repeats as well as a putative vhs domain. higher eukaryotes possess a well conserved homolog of yeast ecm29p, and we produced antibodies to three peptides in the human ecm29 sequence. the antibodies show that ecm29 is ...	2004	15496406
interactor-mediated nuclear translocation and retention of protein phosphatase-1.	protein ser/thr phosphatase-1 (pp1) is a ubiquitous eukaryotic enzyme that controls numerous cellular processes by the dephosphorylation of key regulatory proteins. pp1 is expressed in various cellular compartments but is most abundant in the nucleus. we have examined the determinants for the nuclear localization of enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged pp1 in cos1 cells. our studies show that pp1gamma(1) does not contain a functional nuclear localization signal and that its nuclear accumula ...	2004	15501817
variation in sequence and organization of splicing regulatory elements in vertebrate genes.	although core mechanisms and machinery of premrna splicing are conserved from yeast to human, the details of intron recognition often differ, even between closely related organisms. for example, genes from the pufferfish fugu rubripes generally contain one or more introns that are not properly spliced in mouse cells. exploiting available genome sequence data, a battery of sequence analysis techniques was used to reach several conclusions about the organization and evolution of splicing regulator ...	2004	15505203
grip1tau, a novel pdz domain-containing transcriptional activator, cooperates with the testis-specific transcription elongation factor sii-t1.	sii-t1 is a tissue-specific member of the transcription elongation factor s-ii that is expressed specifically in male germ cells. in the present study, we have identified a protein named grip1tau interacting with sii-t1 by yeast two-hybrid screening. grip1tau is a novel isoform of glutamate receptor-interacting protein 1 (grip1) that associates with the cytoplasmic domain of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoaxazolepropionate (ampa)-type glutamate receptor. grip1tau is a testis-specific nu ...	2004	15507123
acetylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 is permissive for tyrosine phosphorylation.	insulin receptor substrate (irs) proteins are key moderators of insulin action. their specific regulation determines downstream protein-protein interactions and confers specificity on growth factor signalling. regulatory mechanisms that have been identified include phosphorylation of irs proteins on tyrosine and serine residues and ubiquitination of lysine residues. this study investigated other potential molecular mechanisms of irs-1 regulation.	2004	15522123
aym1, a mouse meiotic gene identified by virtue of its ability to activate early meiotic genes in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae.	our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that operate during differentiation of mitotically dividing spermatogonia cells into spermatocytes lags way behind what is known about other differentiating systems. given the evolutionary conservation of the meiotic process, we screened for mouse proteins that could specifically activate early meiotic promoters in saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells, when fused to the gal4 activation domain (gal4ad). our screen yielded the aym1 gene that encodes a ...	2004	15531368
leukemia/lymphoma-related factor, a poz domain-containing transcriptional repressor, interacts with histone deacetylase-1 and inhibits cartilage oligomeric matrix protein gene expression and chondrogenesis.	mutations in the human cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (comp) gene have been linked to the development of pseudoachondroplasia and multiple epiphyseal dysplasia. we previously cloned the promoter region of the comp gene and delineated a minimal negative regulatory element (nre) that is both necessary and sufficient to repress its promoter (issack, p. s., fang, c. h., leslie, m. p., and di cesare, p. e. (2000) j. orthop. res. 18, 345-350; issack, p. s., liu, c. j., prazak, l., and di cesare, ...	2004	15337766
tandem lim domains provide synergistic binding in the lmo4:ldb1 complex.	nuclear lim-only (lmo) and lim-homeodomain (lim-hd) proteins have important roles in cell fate determination, organ development and oncogenesis. these proteins contain tandemly arrayed lim domains that bind the lim interaction domain (lid) of the nuclear adaptor protein lim domain-binding protein-1 (ldb1). we have determined a high-resolution x-ray crystal structure of lmo4, a putative breast oncoprotein, in complex with ldb1-lid, providing the first example of a tandem lim:ldb1-lid complex and ...	2004	15343268
ccteta, a novel soluble guanylyl cyclase-interacting protein.	nitric oxide (no) transduces most of its biological effects through activation of the heterodimeric enzyme, soluble guanylyl cyclase (sgc). activation of sgc results in the production of cgmp from gtp. in this paper, we demonstrate a novel protein interaction between cct (chaperonin containing t-complex polypeptide) subunit eta and the alpha1beta1 isoform of sgc. ccteta was found to interact with the beta1 subunit of sgc via a yeast-two-hybrid screen. this interaction was then confirmed in vitro ...	2004	15347653
cd22 is a functional ligand for sh2 domain-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase-1 in primary t cells.	the intracellular src homology 2 (sh2) domain-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase (shp-1) has been characterized as a negative regulator of t cell function, contributing to the definition of t cell receptor signaling thresholds in developing and peripheral mouse t lymphocytes. the activation of shp-1 is achieved through the engagement of its tandem sh2 domains by tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins; however, the identity of the activating ligand(s) for shp-1, within mouse primary t cells, is pr ...	2004	15364920
mis16 and mis18 are required for cenp-a loading and histone deacetylation at centromeres.	centromeres contain specialized chromatin that includes the centromere-specific histone h3 variant, spcenp-a/cnp1. here we report identification of five fission yeast centromere proteins, mis14-18. mis14 is recruited to kinetochores independently of cenp-a, and, conversely, cenp-a does not require mis14 to associate with centromeres. in contrast, mis15, mis16 (strong similarity with human rbap48 and rbap46), mis17, and mis18 are all part of the cenp-a recruitment pathway. mis15 and mis17 form an ...	2004	15369671
identification and characterization of cdc50a, cdc50b and cdc50c genes in silico.	bni1p, implicated in cell polarity control and microtubule regulation during yeast budding, is the saccharomyces cerevisiae homolog of human formin-homology proteins, such as fmn1, fmn2, fhod1, fhod3, fhdc1, grid2ip, fmnl1, fmnl2, fmnl3, diaph1, diaph2, diaph3, daam1 and daam2. cdc50p is necessary for subcellular localization of bni1p and asymmetrical cell division. lem3p and ynr048wp are yeast homologs of cdc50p; however, mammalian homologs of cdc50p remained to be identified. here, we identifi ...	2004	15375526
fetal alz-50 clone 1 interacts with the human orthologue of the kelch-like ech-associated protein.	the fetal alz-50 reactive clone 1 (fac1) protein exhibits altered expression and subcellular localization during neuronal development and neurodegenerative diseases such as alzheimer's disease. using the yeast two-hybrid screen, the human orthologue of keap1 (hkeap1) was identified as a fac1 interacting protein. keap1 is an important regulator of the oxidative stress response pathway through its interaction with the nrf family of transcription factors. an interaction between full-length fac1 and ...	2004	15379550
human kallikrein 13 involvement in extracellular matrix degradation.	the human kallikrein family is a group of 15 serine protease genes clustered on chromosome 19q13.4 and shares a high degree of homology. these proteolytic enzymes have diverse physiological functions in many different tissues. growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are differentially expressed in cancer and may play a role in metastasis. human kallikrein gene 13 (klk13) is a member of this family and codes for a trypsin-like, secreted serine protease (hk13) that is overexpressed in ovar ...	2004	15381110
the nad biosynthesis pathway mediated by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase regulates sir2 activity in mammalian cells.	recent studies have revealed new roles for nad and its derivatives in transcriptional regulation. the evolutionarily conserved sir2 protein family requires nad for its deacetylase activity and regulates a variety of biological processes, such as stress response, differentiation, metabolism, and aging. despite its absolute requirement for nad, the regulation of sir2 function by nad biosynthesis pathways is poorly understood in mammals. in this study, we determined the kinetics of the nad biosynth ...	2004	15381699
enkurin is a novel calmodulin and trpc channel binding protein in sperm.	the trpc cation channel family has been implicated in receptor- or phospholipase c (plc)-mediated ca2+ entry into animal cells. these channels are present in mammalian sperm and are assigned a role in zp3-evoked ca2+ influx that drives acrosome reactions. however, the mechanisms controlling channel activity and coupling ca2+ entry through these channels to cellular responses are not well understood. a yeast two-hybrid screen was carried out to identify trpc-interacting proteins that would be can ...	2004	15385169
ubiquitin-dependent degradation of id1 and id3 is mediated by the cop9 signalosome.	recently, evidence is accumulating pointing to a function of the cop9 signalosome (csn) in regulation of ubiquitination by specific ubiquitin ligases. here, we demonstrate by mammalian two-hybrid analysis that the transcriptional regulators and substrates of the ubiquitin system id1 and id3, but not id2 and id4, bind to the csn subunit csn5. pull-down experiments revealed that id3 physically interacts with the csn complex. additional far western and pull-down studies with id3 support our two-hyb ...	2004	15451666