Publications

duplex real-time sybr green pcr assays for detection of 17 species of food- or waterborne pathogens in stools.	a duplex real-time sybr green lightcycler pcr (lc-pcr) assay with dna extraction using the qiaamp dna stool mini kit was evaluated with regard to detection of 8 of 17 species of food- or waterborne pathogens in five stool specimens in 2 h or less. the protocol used the same lc-pcr with 20 pairs of specific primers. the products formed were identified based on a melting point temperature (t(m)) curve analysis. the 17 species of food- or waterborne pathogens examined were enteroinvasive escherichi ...	2003	14605150
virulence genes of o149 enterotoxigenic escherichia coli from outbreaks of postweaning diarrhea in pigs.	the goal of this research was to determine whether isolates of o149 porcine enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) recovered from recent outbreaks of severe diarrhea in weaned pigs in ontario, canada, had virulence attributes different from those of isolates of the same serogroup from diarrhea of pigs in the 1970s and 1980s. polymerase chain reaction amplification was used to determine the distribution of 11 virulence-associated genes in recent (100 isolates) and old (35 isolates) ontario o149 ...	2003	14637041
steroidal regulation of uterine resistance to bacterial infection in livestock.	postpartum uterine infections reduce reproductive efficiency and have significant animal welfare and economic consequences. postpartum uterine infections are classified as nonspecific, but arcanobacterium pyogenes and escherichia coli are usually associated with them in cattle and sheep. pyometra is the most common type of uterine infection in dairy cattle, and it is detected almost exclusively in cows with active corpora lutea. luteal progesterone typically down-regulates uterine immune functio ...	2003	14641941
de novo rna synthesis by a recombinant classical swine fever virus rna-dependent rna polymerase.	classical swine fever virus nonstructural protein 5b (ns5b) encodes an rna-dependent rna polymerase, a key enzyme of the viral replication complex. to better understand the initiation of viral rna synthesis and to establish an in vitro replication system, a recombinant ns5b protein, lacking the c-terminal 24-amino acid hydrophobic domain, was expressed in escherichia coli. the truncated fusion protein (ns5bdelta24) was purified on a ni-chelating histrap affinity column and demonstrated to initia ...	2003	14653821
a model study of escherichia coli o157:h7 survival in fermented dry sausages--influence of inoculum preparation, inoculation procedure, and selected process parameters.	the influence of inoculum preparation, inoculation level, and inoculation procedure on escherichia coli o157:h7 inactivation during the manufacture of fermented sausage was evaluated in a model study. prior growth in glucose-enriched tryptone soya broth, which provided exposure to mildly acidic conditions (ph 4.8), had no effect on the later survival of e. coli o157: h7 strains 5-1 and atcc 43894 under extremely acidic conditions (ph 2), but the same strains became sensitive to acidity after 7 d ...	2003	14672223
non-genomic effects of tamoxifen on the activation of membrane-bound guanylate cyclase gc-a.	oestrogen is known to exert both genomic and non-genomic effects on target tissues. unlike the genomic effects, the identity of receptors mediating the non-genomic effects of oestrogen remains controversial. 17beta-estradiol has been shown to activate membrane-bound guanylate cyclase gc-a in pc12 cells in a non-genomic manner. to examine whether 17beta-estradiol exerts a similar effect in other cell types, we measured the effect of 17beta-estradiol and tamoxifen, an anti-oestrogen, on guanylate ...	2003	14713365
strain-dependent variability in growth and survival of escherichia coli in agricultural soil.	abstract this study investigated strain-dependent variability in escherichia coli survival in soil, and strain-dependent responses to variations in some soil conditions. collections of e. coli were isolated from swine manure slurry, and from manured soil following 6 days of incubation in the laboratory. the bacteria were fingerprinted by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (eric-pcr). during the course of the incubation the composition of the e. coli communi ...	2003	19719611
a comparison of aflp and eric-pcr analyses for discriminating escherichia coli from cattle, pig and human sources.	amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (eric-pcr) genomic fingerprinting assays were compared for their ability to differentiate escherichia coli isolates obtained from various host sources, and with respect to their pathogenicity. one hundred and ten verotoxigenic, enterotoxigenic and non-pathogenic e. coli isolates obtained from cattle, humans and pigs were used in this study. the aflp assay was shown to be hi ...	2004	19712352
magnitude of serum and intestinal antibody responses induced by sequential replicating and nonreplicating rotavirus vaccines in gnotobiotic pigs and correlation with protection.	a sequential mucosal prime-boost vaccine regimen of oral attenuated (att) human rotavirus (hrv) priming followed by intranasal (i.n.) boosting with rotavirus protein vp2 and vp6 rotavirus-like particles (2/6-vlps) has previously been shown to be effective for induction of intestinal antibody-secreting cell (asc) responses and protection in gnotobiotic pigs. because serum or fecal antibody titers, but not intestinal asc responses, can be used as potential markers of protective immunity in clinica ...	2004	14715539
modulation of the redox state of tubulin by the glutathione/glutaredoxin reductase system.	alterations in the redox status of proteins have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative diseases. we report that peroxynitrite-induced disulfides in porcine brain tubulin are repaired by the glutaredoxin reductase system composed of glutathione reductase, human or escherichia coli glutaredoxin, reduced glutathione, and nadph. reduction of disulfide bonds between the alpha- and beta-tubulin subunits by the glutathione reductase system was assessed by western blot. tubulin c ...	2004	14733943
lymphoid hyperplasia resulting in immune dysregulation is caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in neonatal pigs.	amid growing evidence that numerous viral infections can produce immunopathology, including nonspecific polyclonal lymphocyte activation, the need to test the direct impact of an infecting virus on the immune system of the host is crucial. this can best be tested in the isolator piglet model in which maternal and other extrinsic influences can be excluded. therefore, neonatal isolator piglets were colonized with a benign escherichia coli, or kept germfree, and then inoculated with wild-type porc ...	2004	14734777
influence of porcine intestinal ph and gastric digestion on antigenicity of f4 fimbriae for oral immunisation.	newly weaned piglets can be orally immunised against f4+ enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) infection with f4 fimbriae. however, to efficiently develop a vaccine against etec induced postweaning diarrhoea, knowledge of the stability of the f4 fimbriae to different ph and gastric digestion is needed. the gastrointestinal ph in suckling and recently weaned piglets was measured and the stability of f4 fimbriae to different ph and to pepsin was assessed in vitro. in the stomach the lowest ph wa ...	2004	14738781
development of post-weaning diarrhoea in piglets. relation to presence of escherichia coli strains and rotavirus.	weaning of piglets complicated with an exposure to pathogenic strains of escherichia coli was scrutinized in two sets. the first set comprised 20 animals representing two litters and the second set included 30 animals from five litters. the piglets were either left as controls or exposed to one or three pathogenic strains of e. coli. aiming to simulate a natural exposure the challenge strains were spread on the floor of the pens at weaning. in addition the pigs experienced several non-infectious ...	2004	14995972
dissemination of blacmy-2 among escherichia coli isolates from food animals, retail ground meats, and humans in southern taiwan.	twenty-six escherichia coli isolates recovered from food animal feces and retail ground meats and 14 urinary e. coli isolates from outpatients were shown to carry bla(cmy-2). similar cmy-2-encoding plasmids were found among seven human and three ground-pork isolates. these data indicate the community spread of bla(cmy-2) in southern taiwan.	2004	15047542
receptor binding domain of escherichia coli f18 fimbrial adhesin fedf can be both efficiently secreted and surface displayed in a functional form in lactococcus lactis.	adherence of f18 fimbrial escherichia coli to porcine intestinal epithelial cells is mediated by the adhesin (fedf) of f18 fimbriae. in a previous study, we demonstrated the specificity of the amino acid residues between 60 and 109 as the receptor binding domain of fedf. in this study, different expression, secretion, and anchoring systems for the receptor binding domain of the fedf adhesin in lactococcus lactis were evaluated. two partially overlapping receptor binding domains (42 and 62 amino ...	2004	15066797
reduction of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in chicken manure by larvae of the black soldier fly.	green fluorescent protein-labeled escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis were inoculated at 10(7) cfu/g into cow, hog, or chicken manure. ten- or 11-day-old soldier fly larvae (hermetia illucens l.) (7 to 10 g) were added to the manure and held at 23, 27, or 32 degrees c for 3 to 6 days. soldier fly larvae accelerated inactivation of e. coli o157:h7 in chicken manure but had no effect in cow manure and enhanced survival in hog manure. the initial ph values of the ho ...	2004	15083719
endotoxin pretreatment modifies peristalsis and attenuates the antipropulsive action of adrenoceptor agonists in the guinea-pig small intestine.	the action of endotoxin to alter gastrointestinal motility in vivo may reflect a direct effect on the gut or result from vascular and other systemic manifestations of this sepsis model. here we examined whether in vivo pretreatment of guinea-pigs with endotoxin modifies peristalsis in the isolated gut and influences the antipropulsive action of adrenoceptor agonists. distension-induced peristalsis was recorded in fluid-perfused segments of the small intestine taken from animals pretreated intrap ...	2004	15086875
actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae metalloprotease: cloning and in vivo expression.	the complete amino acid and nucleotide sequence of a secreted metalloprotease produced by actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 is reported. a clone showing proteolytic activity in cell-free culture media was selected from a genomic library of a. pleuropneumoniae serotype 1 in puc 19. the sequence obtained contained an open reading frame encoding a protein with 869 amino acids. this protein was identified as a zinc neutral-metalloprotease belonging to the aminopeptidase family, with a predi ...	2004	15109723
genotyping of fimbrial adhesins in escherichia coli strains isolated from slovak piglets suffering from diarrhea.	one-hundred sixty escherichia coli isolates obtained from piglets with diarrhea from different parts of slovakia were examined for the presence of genes coding for f4, f5, f6 and f41 fimbrial adhesins, and hemolytic activity. according to polymerase chain reaction tests 74 (46%) e. coli isolates were positive for primers that detected genes coding for fimbrial adhesins. of these 74 isolates, 64 were positive for genes encoding for f4+, four for f5+, five for f6+, and one for both f41+ and f5+ ad ...	2004	15114867
enhancing the thermal tolerance and gastric performance of a microbial phytase for use as a phosphate-mobilizing monogastric-feed supplement.	the inclusion of phytase in monogastric animal feed has the benefit of hydrolyzing indigestible plant phytate (myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis dihydrogen phosphate) to provide poultry and swine with dietary phosphorus. an ideal phytase supplement should have a high temperature tolerance, allowing it to survive the feed pelleting process, a high specific activity at low phs, and adequate gastric performance. for this study, the performance of a bacterial phytase was optimized by the use of gene ...	2004	15128565
gemifloxacin: a new fluoroquinolone.	gemifloxacin is a dual targeted fluoroquinolone with potent in vitro activity against gram-positive, -negative and atypical human pathogens--pathogens considered to be important causes of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. gemifloxacin demonstrates impressive minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic 90 ) values against clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, chlamydia pneumoniae and legionella spp., with mic 90 values reported to ...	2004	15155113
molecular cloning of haemoglobin-binding protein hgba in the outer membrane of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.	from the porcine pathogen actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae cultivated in iron-deficient or haem-deficient media, haemoglobin (hb)-agarose affinity purification was exploited to isolate an outer-membrane protein of approximately 105 kda, designated hgba. internal peptide sequences of purified hgba were used to design oligonucleotide primers for pcr amplification, yielding amplicons that showed partial sequences with homology to hgba of pasteurella multocida. upon screening two genomic libraries of ...	2004	15184559
relative importance of heat-labile enterotoxin in the causation of severe diarrheal disease in the gnotobiotic piglet model by a strain of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli that produces multiple enterotoxins.	enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) strains that produce multiple enterotoxins are important causes of severe dehydrating diarrhea in human beings and animals, but the relative importance of these enterotoxins in the pathogenesis is poorly understood. gnotobiotic piglets were used to study the importance of heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) in infection with an etec strain that produces multiple enterotoxins. lt(-) (deltaeltab) and complemented mutants of an f4(+) lt(+) stb(+) east1(+) etec strai ...	2004	15213135
nutritional value of a corn containing a glutamate dehydrogenase gene for growing pigs.	eight female pic line 42 pigs (initial bw = 47.5 +/- 1.8 kg) were used in a two-period switchback design (n = 4 per treatment per period) to evaluate the nutritional difference between a genetically modified corn and a similar nontransgenic corn. the genetically altered corn (gdha+) contained a glutamate dehydrogenase gene isolated from escherichia coli. the non-transgenic corn was the same variety lacking the transgenic cassette, grown at the same two locations. pigs were surgically fitted with ...	2004	15216996
prevalence estimation and risk factors for escherichia coli o157 on dutch dairy farms.	to estimate the prevalence of escherichia coli o157 on dutch dairy herds, faecal samples were collected once from 678 randomly selected dairy farms in the period october 1996-december 2000. samples were cultured for e. coli o157. thirty-eight isolates were tested for virulence genes (eae, vt1 and vt2). a questionnaire about farm characteristics was taken from the farm manager, resulting in variables that could be analysed to identify and quantify factors associated with presence of e. coli o157. ...	2004	15219969
aggregation of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria with escherichia coli o157.	a total of 5 bifidobacterium spp. isolated from pig and children' feces and 6 lactobacillus spp. from chicken feces were examined for expression of aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity (csh) and adherence to intestinal mucin. co-aggregation activity was seen in 3 strains of auto-aggregative bifidobacteria and 4 auto-aggregative strains of lactobacillus spp. with 2 enterohemorrhagic e. coli (o157). csh correlated with lactobacillus auto-aggregating activity and adherence to mucin but the corr ...	2004	15227785
pulmonary net release of tissue-type plasminogen activator during porcine primary and secondary acute lung injury.	tissue-type plasminogen activator (tpa) is a key mediator of fibrinolysis. matching of pulmonary perfusion and ventilation is a critical denominator of oxygenation in acute lung injury (ali). this study investigates pulmonary venoarterial plasma tpa gradients in association with acute ali induced by bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and endotoxinemia (etx).	2004	15242428
dissemination amongst humans and food products of animal origin of a salmonella typhimurium clone expressing an integron-borne oxa-30 beta-lactamase.	characterization of the molecular basis for beta-lactam resistance and evaluation of the clonal relatedness among nine isolates of multidrug-resistant salmonella typhimurium recovered from seven clinical human samples and two pork end products.	2004	15243023
inhibitory activities of colicins against escherichia coli strains responsible for postweaning diarrhea and edema disease in swine.	the efficacies of colicins e1 and n against escherichia coli strains responsible for postweaning diarrhea and edema disease, two of the most prevalent disease problems for pigs in the united states, were determined in vitro. these proteins may provide an environmentally sound means for the prevention of these infections in swine.	2004	15273129
pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin after oral administration in recently weaned piglets with experimentally induced escherichia coli subtype o149:f4 diarrhea.	to measure the effect of escherichia coli subtype o149:f4-induced diarrhea on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered amoxicillin in affected piglets relative to that of uninfected piglets.	2004	15281660
characterisation of attaching-effacing escherichia coli isolated from animals at slaughter in england and wales.	escherichia coli isolates were recovered from faecal samples taken from cattle, sheep and pigs at slaughter in england and wales. isolates (n = 1227) selected at random from this collection were each hybridised in colony dot-blot experiments with an eae gene probe that presumptively identified attaching-effacing e. coli (aeec). of the 99 (8.1%) eae positive isolates 72 were of ovine origin, 24 were of bovine origin and three of porcine origin. none were typed as o157:h7 whereas 78 were assigned ...	2004	15288926
sample size, library composition, and genotypic diversity among natural populations of escherichia coli from different animals influence accuracy of determining sources of fecal pollution.	a horizontal, fluorophore-enhanced, repetitive extragenic palindromic-pcr (rep-pcr) dna fingerprinting technique (hferp) was developed and evaluated as a means to differentiate human from animal sources of escherichia coli. box a1r primers and pcr were used to generate 2,466 rep-pcr and 1,531 hferp dna fingerprints from e. coli strains isolated from fecal material from known human and 12 animal sources: dogs, cats, horses, deer, geese, ducks, chickens, turkeys, cows, pigs, goats, and sheep. hfer ...	2004	15294775
increased site 1 affinity improves biopotency of porcine growth hormone. evidence against diffusion dependent receptor dimerization.	based on phage display optimization studies with human growth hormone (gh), it is thought that the biopotency of gh cannot be increased. this is proposed to be a result of the affinity of the first receptor for hormone far exceeding that which is required to trap the hormone long enough to allow diffusion of the second receptor to form the ternary complex, which initiates signaling. we report here that despite similar site 1 kinetics to the hgh/hgh receptor interaction, the potency of porcine gh ...	2004	15297460
antibiotic resistance among enterotoxigenic escherichia coli from piglets and calves with diarrhea.	in vitro resistance to 8 antimicrobials among enterotoxigenic escherichia coli from piglets and calves over a 13-year period was evaluated. least resistance occurred against ceftiofur for all, followed by apramycin and gentamicin for porcine and florfenicol for bovine isolates. no significant differences were found between the first 8 and last 5 years.	2004	15317393
mycoplasma hyopneumoniae p65 surface lipoprotein is a lipolytic enzyme with a preference for shorter-chain fatty acids.	mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the most significant bacterial pathogen of the respiratory tract of swine. p65 is an immunodominant surface lipoprotein of m. hyopneumoniae that is specifically recognized during disease. analysis of the translated amino acid sequence of the gene encoding p65 revealed similarity to the gdsl family of lipolytic enzymes. to examine the lipolytic activity of p65, the gene was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli after truncation of the prokaryotic lipoprotein signal ...	2004	15317784
biological activity, membrane-targeting modification, and crystallization of soluble human decay accelerating factor expressed in e. coli.	decay-accelerating factor (daf, cd55) is a glycophosphatidyl inositol-anchored glycoprotein that regulates the activity of c3 and c5 convertases. in addition to understanding the mechanism of complement inhibition by daf through structural studies, there is also an interest in the possible therapeutic potential of the molecule. in this report we describe the cloning, expression in escherichia coli, isolation and membrane-targeting modification of the four short consensus repeat domains of solubl ...	2004	15322283
crystal structures of unbound and aminooxyacetate-bound escherichia coli gamma-aminobutyrate aminotransferase.	the x-ray crystal structures of escherichia coli gamma-aminobutyrate aminotransferase unbound and bound to the inhibitor aminooxyacetate are reported. the enzyme crystallizes from ammonium sulfate solutions in the p3(2)21 space group with a tetramer in the asymmetric unit. diffraction data were collected to 2.4 a resolution for the unliganded enzyme and 1.9 a resolution for the aminooxyacetate complex. the overall structure of the enzyme is similar to those of other aminotransferase subgroup ii ...	2004	15323550
influence of animal origin and lineage on survival of escherichia coli o157:h7 strains in strong and weak acid challenges.	twenty-five strains of escherichia coli o157:h7 isolated from humans, cattle, and pigs were maintained in hcl (ph 2.5) and in a volatile fatty acid (vfa) mixture (ph 4.0) for up to 6 h at 37 degrees c to assess their ability to survive in acidic conditions that simulate those of the stomach and ileum, respectively. in hcl, the average group survival of bovine strains was significantly higher than that of porcine and human strains, whereas in vfas, porcine strains were significantly more resistan ...	2004	15330520
redox modulation of tau and microtubule-associated protein-2 by the glutathione/glutaredoxin reductase system.	alterations in the redox status of proteins have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative diseases including alzheimer's and parkinson's. we report that peroxynitrite and h2o2-induced disulfides in the porcine brain microtubule-associated proteins tau and microtubule-associated protein-2 are substrates for the glutaredoxin reductase system composed of glutathione reductase, human or escherichia coli glutaredoxin, reduced glutathione, and nadph. oxidation and reduction of cys ...	2004	15351709
effect of antimicrobial agents on the production and release of shiga toxin by enterotoxaemic escherichia coli isolates from pigs.	edema disease (ed) of pigs is an enterotoxaemic disease caused by enterotoxaemic escherichia coli (eteec) infection. antimicrobial therapy for pigs with ed is controversial because it may induce death of sickish piglets. in this study, we investigated the effects in vitro of 7 antimicrobial agents, ampicillin, gentamicin, colistin, bicozamycin, fosfomycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and enrofloxacin, on the release and production of shiga toxin (stx) 2e by eteec strains. we found that more st ...	2004	15353838
molecular characterization of extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli (expec) pathogenicity islands in f165-positive e. coli strain from a diseased animal.	septicemic escherichia coli 4787 (o115: k-: h51: f165) of porcine origin possess gene clusters related to extraintestinal e. coli fimbrial adhesins. this strain produces two fimbriae: f165(1) and f165(2). f165(1) (prs-like) belongs to the p fimbrial family, encoded by foo operon and f165(2) is a f1c-like encoded by fot operon. data from this study suggest that these two operons are part of two pais. pai i(4787) includes a region of 20 kb, which not only harbors the foo operon but also contains a ...	2004	15358417
fimbrial subunit protein faeg expressed in transgenic tobacco inhibits the binding of f4ac enterotoxigenic escherichia coli to porcine enterocytes.	plants offer a promising alternative for the production of foreign proteins for pharmaceutical purposes in tissues that are consumed as food and/or feed. our long-term strategy is to develop edible vaccines against piglet diarrhoea caused by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (f4 etec) in feed plants. in this work, we isolated a gene, faeg, encoding for a major f4ac fimbrial subunit protein. our goal was to test whether the faeg protein, when isolated from its fimbrial background and produced in a ...	2004	15359606
specific interaction between the classical swine fever virus ns5b protein and the viral genome.	the ns5b protein of the classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the rna-dependent rna polymerase of the virus and is able to catalyze the viral genome replication. the 3' untranslated region is most likely involved in regulation of the pestivirus genome replication. however, little is known about the interaction between the csfv ns5b protein and the viral genome. we used different rna templates derived from the plus-strand viral genome, or the minus-strand viral genome and the csfv ns5b protein ob ...	2004	15373834
a european survey of antimicrobial susceptibility among zoonotic and commensal bacteria isolated from food-producing animals.	to study antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic bacteria isolated from food animals in different countries using uniform methodology.	2004	15375107
prevalence of serogroups and virulence factors of escherichia coli strains isolated from pigs with postweaning diarrhoea in eastern china.	this study was undertaken to determine the present distribution of serogroups, hemolytic activity and virulence factors among escherichia coli strains isolated from pigs with postweaning diarrhoea from eight provinces in eastern china. two hundred and fifteen e. coli isolates were serogrouped with o-antisera, investigated for hemolytic activity, assessed for f4, f5, f6, f18 and f41 fimbrial antigens by monoclonal antibodies and detected for genes of enterotoxins and shiga-toxin-two-variant (stx2 ...	2004	15381261
long polar fimbriae contribute to colonization by escherichia coli o157:h7 in vivo.	the contribution of long polar fimbriae to intestinal colonization by escherichia coli o157:h7 was evaluated in sheep, conventional pigs, and gnotobiotic piglets. e. coli o157:h7 strains with lpfa1 and lpfa2 mutated were recovered in significantly lower numbers and caused fewer attachment and effacement lesions than the parent strain.	2004	15385526
gene cloning and expression of an alkaline serine protease with dehairing function from bacillus pumilus.	a new gene (named ap gene) encoding an alkaline serine protease with dehairing function was cloned from bacillus pumilus un-31-c-42 and its nucleotide sequence was determined. the expression of ap gene was induced with iptg in escherichia coli after the mature protease region was cloned into pet15b and sds-page showed expressed product clearly, but no alkaline protease activity was detected. in order to express the ap gene in b. subtilis, a recombinant expression plasmid was constructed which co ...	2004	15386098
addition of pearl barley to a rice-based diet for newly weaned piglets increases the viscosity of the intestinal contents, reduces starch digestibility and exacerbates post-weaning colibacillosis.	the purposes of the present study were to investigate the effects of feeding a cereal grain containing nsp on body growth and the intestinal microenvironment of recently weaned pigs, and to examine resultant associations with pathogenic escherichia coli in the intestinal tract. in expt 1, pearl barley, a grain rich in soluble nsp, was incorporated (250, 500 or 750 g/kg diet) into a low-fibre control diet based on cooked white rice and fed for 7-10 d following weaning. consumption of pearl barley ...	2004	15469645
field evaluation of the effect of a probiotic-containing bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis spores on the health status, performance, and carcass quality of grower and finisher pigs.	the aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of bioplus 2b, a probiotic containing bacillus licheniformis and b. subtilis spores, on the health status and productivity of pigs, during weaning, growing and finishing stages of growth. on a commercial farrow-to-finish farm, five experimental groups were formed, each of 54 weaned piglets. the pigs of the first group (double controls) received normal feed with no probiotic and the pigs of the second group (untreated controls) received bioplus 2b o ...	2004	15485567
[cloning and expression of pituitary prolactin gene in ailuropoda melanoleuca].	the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) is an endangered species and indigenous to china. it has been proposed that it has a highly specialized reproductive pattern with low fecundity, but little is known about its basic reproductive biology at molecular level. in this study,the pituitary prolactin (prl) cdna of giant panda was amplified by rt-pcr from pituitary total rna and then cloned, sequenced and submitted to genbank (genbank accession no. ay161285). the sequence analysis revealed that th ...	2004	15493147
adverse biochemical and physiological effects of prostacyclin in experimental brain oedema.	prostacyclin (pgi2) and its stable analogues are known to reduce capillary hydraulic permeability. this study explores the biochemical and physiological effects of i.v. infusion of low-dose pgi2 in an experimental model of vasogenic brain oedema.	2004	15504195
tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, serum amyloid a, haptoglobin, and cortisol concentrations in sows following intramammary inoculation of escherichia coli.	to determine whether concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, acute-phase proteins, and cortisol differ at parturition among 3 categories of sows (noninoculated, clinically affected and nonaffected following intramammary inoculation with escherichia coll).	2004	15524332
antibacterial effects of the cu(ii)-exchanged montmorillonite on escherichia coli k88 and salmonella choleraesuis.	the aim of this research was to determine the antibacterial properties and mechanisms of cu(ii)-exchanged montmorillonite (mmt-cu) in vitro. escherichia coli atcc k88 and salmonella choleraesuis atcc 50020 were chosen as indicators of intestinal tract pathogenic bacteria in weanling pigs. the antibacterial activity of mmt-cu and mmt were evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) using two-fold serial dilutions in mh broth, and the amount of cu2+ released into the brot ...	2004	15627522
[hazard evaluation of livestock-derived, verotoxin-producing escherichia coli by enterohemolysin production assay and eaea gene detection].	we examined enterohemolysin (ehly) production, and detected the hlya gene and the eaea gene for the intestinal mucosal adherence factor intimin in 131 strains of human-derived verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) and 140 strains of livestock (cattle and swine) -derived vtec to evaluate their hazards to humans. the hlya gene was confirmed in 98.5% of human-derived, in 50.5% of cattle-derived, and in 10.3% of swine-derived vtec strains. ehly-positive rates were 96.2-97.7%, 45.9-55.0%, and 1 ...	2004	15628530
possible structure and function of the extra c-terminal sequence of pyruvate kinase from bacillus stearothermophilus.	the pyruvate kinases from genus bacillus and a few other bacteria have an extra c-terminal sequence with a phosphoenolpyruvate binding motif composed of about 110 amino acids. to elucidate the possible structure and function of this sequence, the enzyme lacking the sequence was prepared and characterized. the n-terminal sequences of the peptides, which were found only in the lysylendopeptidase digest of the wild enzyme and not in that of the truncated enzyme, were determined. all the determined ...	2004	15625316
occurrence and behavior of enterobacteriaceae and enterococci in mediterranean dry sausages during ripening in a pilot-scale chamber.	the occurrence and evolution of enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, escherichia coli, and enterococci in 252 samples of six types of mediterranean dry-ripened sausages during maturation was investigated. the changes of the ph values were also recorded. samples were analyzed in three steps of the ripening process: fresh product, first drying stage, and finished product. in all six sausages, enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, and e. coli counts were characterized by high initial concentrations that signifi ...	2004	15633693
serological diagnosis of enzootic pneumonia of swine by a double-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a monoclonal antibody and recombinant antigen (p46) of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.	to facilitate the control of enzootic pneumonia (ep) of swine caused by mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, the complement fixation (cf) test has been used for the detection of m. hyopneumoniae antibodies. however, the cf test is a cumbersome and time-consuming technique and cross-reactivity are major drawbacks associated with this method. to circumvent these drawbacks, we have developed a double-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), consisting of purified monoclonal antibody (mab) against t ...	2004	15708823
microencapsulation for the gastric passage and controlled intestinal release of immunoglobulin y.	avian immunoglobulin (ig) y is a promising alternative for the treatment and prevention of enteric infections, and has shown to be effective against a number of gastrointestinal pathogens, including escherichia coli, salmonella, and rotavirus. however, its application is limited by its sensitivity to human gastrointestinal conditions. here, we report on the enteric coating of igy-containing granules with a ph-sensitive methacrylic acid copolymer. a 35% (w/w) polymer coating was found to protect ...	2004	15680164
resistance of enterococcus strains isolated from pigs to gastrointestinal tract and antagonistic effect against escherichia coli k88.	the intestinal flora plays an important role in health and wellbeing of different organisms. indigenous microflora can be innocuous or pathogenic. consumption of food supplemented with beneficial microorganisms as probiotics provides a good health state and this can be maintained and recovered. currently, probiotic strains of bifidobacterium and lactobacillus are widely used in humans as well as animals. swine industry would benefit with the application of probiotics, mainly to overcome diarrhea ...	2004	17061520
in vitro evaluation of the binding capacity of saccharomyces cerevisiae sc47 to adhere to the wall of salmonella spp.	saccharomyces cerevisiae sc47 (biosaf) is a commercially available baker's yeast strain (lesaffre, france) that has been used as a probiotic in animal nutrition. it has been previously reported that animals fed with the yeast showed an improved resistance to several enteric infectious diseases. some of the s. cerevisiae strains adhere potentially pathogenic bacteria such as escherichia coli and salmonella spp. this could be a mechanism through which animals fed with the yeast may become more res ...	2005	17061530
enteroaggregative escherichia coli an emergent pathogen with different virulence properties.	enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec) is an emergent bacterial pathogen. the first studies in developing countries with eaec strains, showed that this bacterium was associated with persistent diarrhea. however, new studies showed that eaec may be associated also with acute diarrhea, with both nosocomial and community outbreaks worldwide, and as an important pathogen of diarrheal disease in human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults. eaec strains are recognized by their characteristic aggre ...	2005	17061538
[cloning and expression of the alpha-amylase gene from a bacillus sp. ws06, and characterization of the enzyme].	a bacillus sp. ws06, which produces an extracellular alpha-amylase, was isolated from the cecum in a piglet. an amyf gene from this bacillus strain was cloned and its nucleotide sequence was determined. an open reading frame composed of 1581 bases, which encodes 526 amino acid residues was found. the amyf gene shows high sequence homologies with other microbial amylase genes, such as bacillus megaterium and bacillus polymyxa (93% and 53% identity). the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that f ...	2005	16496695
effect of zinc pretreatment on pulmonary endothelial cells in vitro and pulmonary function in a porcine model of endotoxemia.	during endotoxemia, the systemic inflammatory response often leads to severe pulmonary damages. destruction of endothelial cells, interstitial edema, and interstitial alveolitis depress pulmonary circulation and raise extravascular lung water and intrapulmonary shunt. as protective effects of zinc are described in vitro as well as in vivo, this study investigates its impact on septic porcine pulmonary endothelial monolayers as well as on the pulmonary function of endotoxemic pigs.	2005	15680386
structural model of human gad65: prediction and interpretation of biochemical and immunogenic features.	the 65 kda human isoform of glutamate decarboxylase, gad65, plays a central role in neurotransmission in higher vertebrates and is a typical autoantigen in several human autoimmune diseases, such as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm), stiff-man syndrome and autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type i. in autoimmune diabetes, an attack of inflammatory cells to endocrine pancreatic beta-cells leads to their complete destruction, eventually resulting in the inability to produce sufficient insu ...	2005	15690345
effect of glutamine and spray-dried plasma on growth performance, small intestinal morphology, and immune responses of escherichia coli k88+-challenged weaned pigs.	forty weaned barrows (5.32 +/- 0.3 kg bw) at 17 +/- 2 d of age were used to investigate the effects of feeding glutamine and spray-dried plasma on the growth performance, small intestinal morphology, and immune responses of escherichia coli k88-challenged pigs. pigs were allotted to four treatments including: 1) nonchallenged control (nonc); 2) challenged control (chac); 3) 7% (as-fed basis) spray-dried plasma (sdp); and 4) 2% (as-fed basis) glutamine (gln). on d 11 after weaning, all pigs were ...	2005	15705760
structural aspects and biological properties of the cathelicidin pmap-36.	pmap-36 is a cathelicidin-derived host defence peptide originally deduced by a transcript from pig bone marrow rna. the expression of the propeptide in leukocytes, and the structure, antimicrobial activity, and mechanism of action of the mature peptide were investigated. the proform is stored as a dimeric precursor of 38 kda formed by a dimerization site at its c-terminal cysteine residue; it is likely that the mature peptide is dimeric when released. monomeric and dimeric forms of pmap-36 were ...	2005	16128809
effects of perfluorohexan vapor on gas exchange, respiratory mechanics, and lung histology in pigs with lung injury after endotoxin infusion.	inhaled perfluorohexan vapor has been shown to improve gas exchange and pulmonary mechanics in oleic acid- and ventilator-induced lung injury. however, in the clinical setting, lung injury frequently occurs in the context of systemic inflammation and consecutive lung injury, which may be induced experimentally by intravenous administration of endotoxin. the authors studied whether vaporized perfluorohexan is efficacious during endotoxin-induced lung injury in domestic pigs.	2005	16129984
inheritance of the f4ab, f4ac and f4ad e. coli receptors in swine and examination of four candidate genes for f4acr.	susceptibility to enterotoxigenic escherichia coli with fimbriae f4ac is dominantly inherited in the pig. a three-generation pedigree was created to refine the position of f4acr on chromosome 13 comprising 202 pigs: eight parents, 18 f1 and 176 f2 pigs. the 17-point analysis indicates that f4acr lies between sw207 and s0283. recombinant offspring specify that the most probable order is sw207-s0075-f4acr-sw225-s0283. we observed six phenotypes for the three fimbrial variants f4ab, f4ac and f4ad. ...	2005	16130451
changes in patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility and class 1 integron carriage among escherichia coli isolates.	the worldwide use of antimicrobials in different fields has created enormous pressure for the selection of resistance among opportunistic bacterial pathogen. one hundred four e. coli isolates were collected and identified from swine with diarrhea in korea during the period of 2002. the isolates showed highly resistant to streptomycin (99.0%), tetracycline (97.1%), neomycin (91.3%) and carbenicillin (84.6%) in antimicrobial susceptibility test. moreover, all of the isolates showed multiple antimi ...	2005	16131822
macrolides and lincomycin susceptibility of mycoplasma hyorhinis and variable mutation of domain ii and v in 23s ribosomal rna.	a total of 151 strains of mycoplasma hyorhinis isolated from porcine lung lesions (weaned pigs, n=71, and finishers, n=80) were investigated for their in vitro susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents. thirty-one strains (28 from weaned pigs and 3 from finishers) showed resistance to 16-membered macrolide antibiotics and lincomycin. the prevalence of the 16-membered macrolide-resistant m. hyorhinis strain in weaned pigs from japanese herds has approximately quadrupled in the past 10 years. seve ...	2005	16141666
nationwide microbiological baseline data collected by sponge sampling during 1997 and 1998 for cattle, swine, turkeys, and geese.	during 1997 and 1998, the u.s. food safety and inspection service completed nationwide microbiological baseline studies on four separate categories of livestock and poultry. data were collected by sponge-sampling techniques. these studies were designed to provide nationwide estimates of the prevalence of salmonella and prevalence and concentrations of escherichia coli in cattle (n = 1,881), swine (n = 2,127), turkeys (n = 1,396), and geese (n = 102) in establishments under federal inspection. sa ...	2005	16161683
missing effects of zinc in a porcine model of recurrent endotoxemia.	chronic human sepsis often is characterised by the compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome (cars). during cars, anti-inflammatory cytokines depress the inflammatory response leading to secondary and opportunistic infections. proved in vitro as well as in vivo, zinc's pro-inflammatory effect might overcome this depression.	2005	16242024
heterologous expression of biologically active porcine lactoferrin in pichia pastoris yeast.		2005	16244999
experimental comparison of excision and swabbing microbiological sampling methods for carcasses.	bovine sides, ovine carcasses, and porcine carcasses were individually inoculated by dipping in various suspensions of a marker organism (escherichia coli k-12 or pseudomonas fluorescens), alone or in combination with two meat-derived bacterial strains, and were sampled by two standard methods: cotton wet-dry swabbing and excision. the samples were examined for bacterial counts on plate count agar (pca plate counts) and on violet red brilliant green agar (vrbga plate counts) by standard internat ...	2005	16245724
antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of escherichia coli isolates from swine in ontario.	a total of 318 escherichia coli isolates obtained from diarrheic and healthy pigs in ontario from 2001 to 2003 were examined for their susceptibility to 19 antimicrobial agents. they were tested by pcr for the presence of resistance genes for tetracycline, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and apramycin and of 12 common virulence genes of porcine e. coli. antimicrobial resistance frequency among e. coli isolates from swine in ontario was moderate in comparison with other countries and was higher in is ...	2005	16269706
antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogenic escherichia coli isolated from sick cattle and pigs in japan.	we examined the 12 antimicrobial susceptibilities of 175 e. coli isolates from sick cattle and pigs by an agar dilution method. resistance was found in 78.3% of isolates for oxytetracycline, 70.3% of isolates for dihydrostreptomycin, and 49.1% of isolates for ampicillin. when compared with healthy animals reported by kijima-tanaka et al., resistance rates for 11 antimicrobial agents were higher in sick cattle than in healthy cattle, and resistance rates for all antimicrobial agents were higher i ...	2005	16276055
attachment strength to pork skin and resistance to quaternary ammonium salt and heat of escherichia coli isolates recovered from a pork slaughter line.	the aim of this study was to determine whether the attachment strength to pork skin, quaternary ammonium salt resistance, and thermal inactivation kinetics (at 65 degrees c) of a range of escherichia coli isolates could be correlated with their temporal stability (persistence) within a pork slaughter line. the genetic lineage of the e. coli isolates was determined using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-pcr. the genotypes were divided into transient and endemic populations based on ...	2005	16300087
the prevalence of the oqxab multidrug efflux pump amongst olaquindox-resistant escherichia coli in pigs.	the quinoxaline olaquindox has been used extensively as a growth promoter for pigs. recently, we isolated a plasmid (pola52) conferring resistance to olaquindox from swine manure. on this plasmid, the oqxa and oqxb genes encode an rnd-family multidrug efflux pump, oqxab. it facilitates resistance to olaquindox as well as resistance to other antimicrobials like chloramphenicol. in this study, 10 of the 556 (1.8%) previously isolated escherichia coli strains were shown to have an mic >or= 64 micro ...	2005	16359198
susceptibility of escherichia coli from growing piglets receiving antimicrobial feed additives.	concerns regarding an apparent association between the use of antimicrobial feed additives (afas) in food animal production and a concomitant increase in antimicrobial drug resistance among zoonotic enteropathogens have provided the impetus to propose cessation of their use. while afas have been used in food animal production for nearly 50 years, the future use of afas will require an understanding of the effects of different classes of antimicrobials on the antimicrobial resistance of commensal ...	2005	16366853
expression of porcine lactoferrin by using recombinant baculovirus in silkworm, bombyx mori l., and its purification and characterization.	lactoferrin is a multifunctional glycoprotein that is present in several mucosal secretions. in this study, we exploited the silkworm, bombyx mori, as host for the recombinant baculovirus harboring the porcine lactoferrin (plf) gene to produce the recombinant plf (rplf). around 205 mug of rplf was purified from a single silkworm pupa infected by the virus and the rplf was proved to be biologically active. this method established in our study will pave the way for efficient industrial production ...	2005	15856222
two-cistronic expression plasmids for high-level gene expression in escherichia coli preventing translational initiation inhibition caused by the intramolecular local secondary structure of mrna.	two-cistronic expression plasmids for the wild-type solubilized domain of porcine nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase (pscpr) gene in escherichia coli were systematically constructed using a solubilized domain of porcine cytochrome b5 gene (psb5 gene) or a derivative of it as the first cistron to examine their utility for second gene expression preventing the translational inhibition caused by the intramolecular local secondary structure of mrna at the ribosome-binding site (rbs). the mrnas from the ...	2005	15858177
two-step enzymatic synthesis of udp-n-acetylgalactosamine.	udp-galnac has been synthesised with high yield from galnac, utp and atp using recombinant human galnac kinase gk2 and udp-galnac pyrophosphorylase agx1. both enzymes have been prepared in one step from 1l cultures of transformed escherichia coli and the udp-galnac produced has been purified by a simple procedure. the method described is a rapid and efficient means to produce udp-galnac as well as analogues like udp-n-azidoacetylgalactosamine (udp-galnaz).	2005	16203137
experimental infection of enterotoxemic escherichia coli associated with porcine edema disease and its pathologic characteristics in the intestine.	edema disease (ed) has become frequent in japan, but no effective method for experimental infection has been developed. we report here the use of a capsule that resistant against gastric digestion to induce the ed in piglets. four 21-day-old piglets were used. shiga toxin 2e-producing escherichia coli (stec) cell pellet was encapsulated and administered orally. two pigs received 1.0x10(10) cfu for two days, and the others received 3.9x10(8) cfu for three days. the high-dose group caused the typi ...	2005	16327230
adrenocorticotrophic hormone modulates escherichia coli o157:h7 adherence to porcine colonic mucosa.	exposure to stress is associated with susceptibility to disease and one stress mediator, norepinephrine, has been reported to enhance the adherence of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 (ehec) to the colonic mucosa. we tested the hypothesis that adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) and other stress-related hormones may act in a similar fashion. explants of distal colonic mucosa from young pigs were mounted in ussing chambers and their luminal aspect was exposed to ehec strain 700728 for 30 ...	2005	16329163
shiga toxin 2e-producing escherichia coli isolates from humans and pigs differ in their virulence profiles and interactions with intestinal epithelial cells.	thirteen escherichia coli strains harboring stx2e were isolated from 11,056 human stools. this frequency corresponded to the presence of the stx2e allele in 1.7% of all shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) strains. the strains harboring stx2e were associated with mild diarrhea (n = 9) or asymptomatic infections (n = 4). because stec isolates possessing stx2e are porcine pathogens, we compared the human stec isolates with stx2e-harboring e. coli isolated from piglets with edema disease and postwe ...	2005	16332882
a gntr family transcriptional regulator (pigt) controls gluconate-mediated repression and defines a new, independent pathway for regulation of the tripyrrole antibiotic, prodigiosin, in serratia.	biosynthesis of the red, tripyrrole antibiotic prodigiosin (pig) by serratia sp. atcc 39006 (39006) is controlled by a complex regulatory network involving an n-acyl homoserine lactone (n-ahl) quorum-sensing system, at least two separate two-component signal transduction systems and a multitude of other regulators. in this study, a new transcriptional activator, pigt, and a physiological cue (gluconate), which are involved in an independent pathway controlling pig biosynthesis, have been charact ...	2005	16339930
[expression of recombinant vp6 gene of porcine rotavirus a with non-antibiotic lactobacillus vector in escherichia coli].	the antigenic determinants of vp6 gene of porcine rotavirus a was amplified from infected ma 104 cell by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), the product of which was a 1194bp cdna segment. using t-a cloning technique, the pcr product was cloned into pgem-t vector. cloning plasmid pgem-t-vp6 and the prokaryotic shuttle expression vector pw425t between e. coli and lactobacillus, were digested by saci and kpni double enzymes, respectively. the purified vp6 gene was subclon ...	2005	16342756
escherichia coli o157:h7 does not require intimin to persist in pigs.		2005	15731090
investigation of domestic animals and pets as a reservoir for intimin- (eae) gene positive escherichia coli types.	domestic animals belonging to seven different species (cattle, sheep, dogs, cats, pigs, chicken and goats) were investigated as natural reservoirs for attaching and effacing escherichia coli (aeec). for this, 2165 e. coli strains from faeces of 803 animals were examined for the presence of the intimin -(eae) gene as a characteristic of aeec strains. ten percent of the animals were found to excrete aeec, most frequently found in sheep (19.2%) and pigs (17.6), followed by cattle (10.4%), dogs (7.2 ...	2005	15737477
analyses of livestock production, waste storage, and pathogen levels and prevalences in farm manures.	survey results describing the levels and prevalences of zoonotic agents in 1,549 livestock waste samples were analyzed for significance with livestock husbandry and farm waste management practices. statistical analyses of survey data showed that livestock groups containing calves of <3 months of age, piglets, or lambs had higher prevalences and levels of campylobacter spp. and escherichia coli o157 in their wastes. younger calves that were still receiving milk, however, had significantly lower l ...	2005	15746323
antimicrobial-resistant and extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli in retail foods.	extraintestinal escherichia coli infections are associated with specialized extraintestinal pathogenic e. coli (expec) strains and, increasingly, with antimicrobial resistance. the food supply may disseminate expec and antimicrobial-resistant e. coli.	2005	15747237
identification of the outer-membrane protein pagc required for the serum resistance phenotype in salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis.	serum resistance is a crucial virulence factor for the development of systemic infections, including bacteraemia, by many pathogenic bacteria. salmonella enterica serovar choleraesuis is an important enteric pathogen that causes serious systemic infections in swine and humans. here, it was found that, when introduced into escherichia coli, a recombinant plasmid carrying the pagc gene from a plasmid-based genomic library of s. enterica serovar choleraesuis conferred a high-level resistance to the ...	2005	15758232
different effects of surfactant and inhaled nitric oxide in modulation of inflammatory injury in ventilated piglet lungs.	septic acute lung injury (ali) causes high morbidity and mortality in intensive care service as a result of biotrauma and dysfunction in the lungs and other organ systems. we hypothesized that surfactant and/or inhaled nitric oxide (ino) may have different effects in modulation of inflammatory injury in septic ali. twenty-four healthy, 6-9 kg piglets were anesthetized, and intraperitoneally injected with escherichia coli, followed by a low tidal volume ventilation until sepsis and ali developed ...	2005	15777614
effects of ifn-alpha on the inflammatory response of swine leukocytes to bacterial endotoxin.	because low-dose interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) treatment had proved effective in several models of chronic inflammation and autoimmune disease, a possible role of ifn-alpha in modulating the response of swine leukocytes to bacterial endotoxin was investigated in this study. exposure of swine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) to low concentrations of human ifn-alpha caused a strong, dose-dependent decrease in cd14 expression, the lowest level being observed at 5 u/ml ifn-alpha. this result ...	2005	15812246
prevalence of verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) 0157 in swedish dairy herds.	a prevalence study of verotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 (vtec o157) was performed in 371 randomly selected dairy herds distributed throughout sweden. faecal and manure samples were collected and analysed by immunomagnetic separation and culturing. data were recorded for each herd regarding herd size, age of sampled animals and whether, in addition to cattle, the farm kept other animals. vtec o157 was isolated from 33 (8.9%) of the 371 investigated herds. the prevalence was higher (23.3%) ...	2005	15816162
the prevalence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in domestic animals and food in serbia.	faecal samples of 2660 domestic animals from 116 farms and 956 samples of food were examined for the presence of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec). stec was recovered from 126 (15.3%) cattle, 135 (11.3%) pigs, 135 (66.8%) sheep, 31 (73.8%) goats, 4 (1%) chicken, and 15 (1.6%) food samples. of all stec isolates, 21.5, 25.8 and 15% produced enterohaemolysin, alpha-haemolysin, and aerobactin respectively, 1.6% displayed localized adherence (la) to hep-2 cells, 27.6% were sorbitol negati ...	2005	15816163
biochemical intestinal parameters in germ-free minipigs and rats and in ex-germ-free minipigs and rats monoassociated with escherichia coli.	intestinal contents of newborn and young germ-free minipigs and germ-free rats were investigated for the following biochemical parameters - conversion of cholesterol to coprostanol, degradation of beta-aspartylglycine, level of tryptic activity, formation of urobilinogen and the profile of short-chain fatty acids. additionally, germ-free minipigs and germ-free rats were monoassociated with non-pathogenic strains of escherichia coli and were investigated for the same biochemical parameters. the c ...	2005	15836440
investigation and application of methods for enumerating heterotrophs and escherichia coli in the air within piggery sheds.	to investigate methods for the recovery of airborne bacteria within pig sheds and to then use the appropriate methods to determine the levels of heterotrophs and escherichia coli in the air within sheds.	2005	15836483
oxygen extraction in pigs subjected to low-dose infusion of endotoxin after major abdominal surgery.	sepsis may impair o(2) extraction due to blood flow redistribution or decreased utilization of the available oxygen.	2005	15836675
[high level secretion expression of poifnalpha in pichia pastoris].	the porcine alpha interferon gene was inserted into the pichia pastoris expression vector of ppiczalphaa which contains aox i promoter and alpha-factor signal sequence. the recombinant plasmid was transformed into host cell e.coli jm109 and then was extracted for analysis of restriction enzymes. it was confirmed that heterogeneous gene spliced into vector ppiczalphaa was ifnalpha gene. the recombinant plasmid of ppiczalphaa-ifnalpha was linearnized by sac i and transformed into km71 by electropo ...	2005	15843348