Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| development of maternal antibodies after oral vaccination of young female wild boar against classical swine fever. | an experimental study was performed to investigate the development of maternal antibodies after oral immunisation of young female wild boar against classical swine fever (csf) using c-strain vaccine. our results demonstrated that maternal antibodies do not persist in the offspring for more than 3 months. based on the neutralising serum antibody titres, we assume that piglets of wild sows vaccinated orally twice or immunised once a long time before conception have protective antibodies for approx ... | 2004 | 15381274 |
| classical swine fever virus strain 'c'. how long is it detectable after oral vaccination? | to determine the persistence period of c-strain vaccine virus in immunized animals, domestic pigs and wild boars were vaccinated orally and killed on different days post vaccinationem (dpv). tissue samples were taken at necropsy from both species for detection of c-strain virus. from domestic pigs nasal swabs and faeces were also collected. during the investigation period (2-12 dpv) vaccine virus could never be detected in nasal secretions and in faeces of vaccinated domestic pigs. in contrast, ... | 2004 | 15458487 |
| the viral protein a238l inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 expression through a nuclear factor of activated t cell-dependent transactivation pathway. | cyclooxygenase-2 is transiently induced upon cell activation or viral infections, resulting in inflammation and modulation of the immune response. here we report that a238l, an african swine fever virus protein, efficiently inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression in jurkat t cells and in virus-infected vero cells. transfection of jurkat cells stably expressing a238l with cyclooxygenase-2 promoter-luciferase constructs containing 5'-terminal deletions or mutations in distal or proximal nuclear ... | 2004 | 15471864 |
| differential effects on the hepatitis c virus (hcv) internal ribosome entry site by vitamin b12 and the hcv core protein. | to investigate the role of the hepatitis c virus internal ribosome entry site (hcv ires) domain iv in translation initiation and regulation, two chimeric ires elements were constructed to contain the reciprocal domain iv in the otherwise hcv and classical swine fever virus ires elements. this permitted an examination of the role of domain iv in the control of hcv translation. a specific inhibitor of the hcv ires, vitamin b(12), was shown to inhibit translation directed by all ires elements which ... | 2004 | 15479850 |
| efficacy of e2-sub-unit marker and c-strain vaccines in reducing horizontal transmission of classical swine fever virus in weaner pigs. | at present, two types of vaccines against classical swine fever (csf) virus are commercially available: e2 sub-unit marker vaccines and the conventional attenuated live c-strain vaccines. to evaluate the reduction of the horizontal virus transmission, three comparable experiments were carried out in which groups of weaner pigs (vaccinated with a marker vaccine or a c-strain vaccine) were challenged with csf virus at 0, 7, and 14 days post-vaccination (dpv). virus transmission was prevented total ... | 2004 | 15488266 |
| characterization of classical swine fever virus entry by using pseudotyped viruses: e1 and e2 are sufficient to mediate viral entry. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the causative agent of classical swine fever. its envelope comprises glycoproteins e(rns), e1, and e2. in this study, we showed that the unmodified csfv glycoproteins could incorporate into the hiv core to generate an infectious csfv pseudotyped virus. the infection was specific to several porcine cell lines, and could be neutralized by anti-e2 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) completely and by anti-e(rns) mabs partially, indicating that this pseudotyped virus c ... | 2004 | 15527858 |
| in vitro effect of classical swine fever virus on a porcine aortic endothelial cell line. | the effect of classical swine fever (csf) virus on some phenotypic and functional features of an established porcine aortic endothelial cell (aoc) line was investigated. aoc cells show most of the characteristics of primary endothelial cells, avoiding the alterations and senescence that these cells undergo after a few passages in culture. aoc cells were susceptible to csf virus infection to a high degree, reaching 90% of csf virus positive cells after 24 h of infection; however as with other por ... | 2004 | 15535953 |
| sucrose fatty acid sulphate esters as novel vaccine adjuvants: effect of the chemical composition. | adjuvant activity of novel, synthetic sucrose derivatives towards a recombinant glycoprotein was determined in large, non-rodent animal species. compared to antigen alone, up to 3000-fold higher virus neutralizing antibody titres (vnts) and 10-fold higher cellular responses against classical swine fever virus were observed in pigs after two immunizations with the sucrose derivatives combined with a squalane-in-water emulsion. the chemical composition of the derivative was crucial and sucrose est ... | 2004 | 15542198 |
| genetic and antigenic characterization of an atypical pestivirus isolate, a putative member of a novel pestivirus species. | the genus pestivirus within the family flaviviridae currently consists of four different main species: classical swine fever virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2 and border disease virus. a fifth tentative species is represented by an isolate from a giraffe. in this study, a completely new pestivirus, isolated from a batch of fetal calf serum that was collected in brazil, is described. it is proposed that the isolate d32/00_'hobi' may constitute a novel sixth pestivirus species, beca ... | 2004 | 15557237 |
| a branching model for the spread of infectious animal diseases in varying environments. | this paper is concerned with a stochastic model, describing outbreaks of infectious diseases that have potentially great animal or human health consequences, and which can result in such severe economic losses that immediate sets of measures need to be taken to curb the spread. during an outbreak of such a disease, the environment that the infectious agent experiences is therefore changing due to the subsequent control measures taken. in our model, we introduce a general branching process in a c ... | 2004 | 15565446 |
| situation of classical swine fever and the epidemiologic and ecologic aspects affecting its distribution in the american continent. | classical swine fever (csf) is a viral transboundary animal disease that is highly contagious among domestic and wild pigs, such as boars and peccaries. today, far from being what was classically described historically, the disease is characterized as having a varied clinical picture, and its diagnosis depends on resorting to proper sample collection and prompt dispatch to a laboratory that can employ several techniques to obtain a definitive diagnosis. laboratory findings should be complemented ... | 2004 | 15604470 |
| an experimental infection (ii) to investigate the importance of indirect classical swine fever virus transmission by excretions and secretions of infected weaner pigs. | an experiment was set up to investigate the role of excretions and secretions in the indirect transmission of classical swine fever virus (csfv). in five small pens, 10 weaner pigs (two pigs per pen) were housed and inoculated with csfv. experimental infection was successful in all pigs. the infected pigs were kept in the pens for a period of 15 days after which the pens were depopulated and pigs were killed. at the moment of depopulation, all inoculated pigs were visibly clinically diseased and ... | 2004 | 15606867 |
| the subcellular distribution of multigene family 110 proteins of african swine fever virus is determined by differences in c-terminal kdel endoplasmic reticulum retention motifs. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a large double-stranded dna virus that replicates in discrete areas in the cytosol of infected cells called viral factories. recent studies have shown that assembling virions acquire their internal envelopes through enwrapment by membranes derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (er). however, the mechanisms that underlie the formation of viral factories and progenitor viral membranes are as yet unclear. analysis of the published genome of the virus revealed a ... | 2004 | 15016891 |
| inclusion bodies from recombinant bacteria as a novel system for delivery of vaccine antigen by the oral route. | a fragment of non-glycosylated e2 antigen of classical swine fever virus (csfv), lacking the trans-membrane anchor (tm-) of the native glycoprotein, was produced in recombinant escherichia coli strain bl21(de3) in the form of inclusion bodies. these inclusion bodies isolated from the bacteria cells were administrated orally to mice twice at either 10 or 50 microg per dose. each mouse fed with inclusion bodies carrying the e2 antigen responded with plasma antibodies and/or fecal iga at least once ... | 2004 | 15019290 |
| scenario tree modeling to analyze the probability of classical swine fever virus introduction into member states of the european union. | the introduction of classical swine fever virus (csfv) into a country free of disease without vaccination may have huge consequences in terms of both disease spread and economic losses. more quantitative insight into the main factors determining the probability of csfv introduction (pcsfv) is needed to optimally use resources for the prevention of csfv introduction. for this purpose a spreadsheet model was constructed that calculates the annual pcsfv into member states of the european union (eu) ... | 2004 | 15028015 |
| cytopathogenicity of classical swine fever viruses that do not show the exaltation of newcastle disease virus is associated with accumulation of ns3 in serum-free cultured cell lines. | pestiviruses can be distinguished as two biotypes, cytopathogenic (cp) and noncytopathogenic (noncp), by the morphological changes that they induce during growth in cultured cells. in this study, the cp phenotype of several classical swine fever viruses (csfv) was evaluated by the detections of the nonstructural proteins ns2-3 and ns3 using immunoprecipitation and western blotting in different porcine cell lines. most csfvs that showed the exaltation of newcastle disease virus (end) phenomenon ( ... | 2004 | 15031544 |
| does multiple oral vaccination of wild boar against classical swine fever (csf) have a positive influence on the immunity? | we studied the efficacy of multiple vaccinations of wild boar against classical swine fever (csf) using a c-strain vaccine. the study consisted of two experiments. in the first experiment, 7 to 8 months old animals were vaccinated either three or four times at an interval of 7 days or twice at an interval of 14 or 28 days. in the second experiment, the efficacy of oral immunisation in young boars (3 months old) was examined after fivefold vaccination at intervals of 14 or 28 days. independently ... | 2004 | 15032263 |
| classical swine fever virus induces proinflammatory cytokines and tissue factor expression and inhibits apoptosis and interferon synthesis during the establishment of long-term infection of porcine vascular endothelial cells. | infection with virulent strains of classical swine fever virus (csfv) results in an acute haemorrhagic disease of pigs, characterized by disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia and immunosuppression, whereas for less virulent isolates infection can become chronic. in view of the haemorrhagic pathology of the disease, the effects of the virus on vascular endothelial cells was studied by using relative quantitative pcr and elisa. following infection, there was an initial and short ... | 2004 | 15039545 |
| exceptionally diverse morphotypes and genomes of crenarchaeal hyperthermophilic viruses. | the remarkable diversity of the morphologies of viruses found in terrestrial hydrothermal environments with temperatures >80 degrees c is unprecedented for aquatic ecosystems. the best-studied viruses from these habitats have been assigned to novel viral families: fuselloviridae, lipothrixviridae and rudiviridae. they all have double-stranded dna genomes and infect hyperthermophilic crenarchaea of the orders sulfolobales and thermoproteales. representatives of the different viral families share ... | 2004 | 15046572 |
| african swine fever virus structural protein p54 is essential for the recruitment of envelope precursors to assembly sites. | the assembly of african swine fever virus (asfv) at the cytoplasmic virus factories commences with the formation of precursor membranous structures, which are thought to be collapsed cisternal domains recruited from the surrounding endoplasmic reticulum (er). this report analyzes the role in virus morphogenesis of the structural protein p54, a 25-kda polypeptide encoded by the e183l gene that contains a putative transmembrane domain and localizes at the er-derived envelope precursors. we show th ... | 2004 | 15047843 |
| comparison of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, virus isolation, and immunoperoxidase assays for detecting pigs infected with low, moderate, and high virulent strains of classical swine fever virus. | pigs were experimentally inoculated with glentorf, lelystad/97, and alfort/187: representative low, moderate, and high virulent strains of classical swine fever virus (csfv). animals were tested for viremia using virus isolation and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assays run under routine diagnostic conditions. the virus was detected in the peripheral blood by virus isolation and rt-pcr assays of all glentorf- and lelystad/97-infected pigs beginning at 3 days postinocula ... | 2004 | 15053364 |
| an avirulent chimeric pestivirus with altered cell tropism protects pigs against lethal infection with classical swine fever virus. | a chimeric pestivirus was constructed using an infectious cdna clone of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) [j. virol. 70 (1996) 8606]. after deletion of the envelope protein e2-encoding region, the respective sequence of classical swine fever virus (csfv) strain alfort 187 was inserted in-frame resulting in plasmid pa/cp7_e2alf. after transfection of in vitro-transcribed cp7_e2alf rna, autonomous replication of chimeric rna in bovine and porcine cell cultures was observed. efficient growth of ch ... | 2004 | 15063124 |
| influence of a 12-nt insertion present in the 3' untranslated region of classical swine fever virus hclv strain genome on rna synthesis. | the function of a 12-nt insertion 'cttttttctttt' in the 3' untranslated region (3'utr) of the hclv strain, a vaccine strain derived from the shimen strain of classical swine fever virus (csfv), was examined in vitro. rna synthesis increased when the 12-nt insertion was deleted from the 3'utr of the hclv strain. rna synthesis also decreased when the 12-nt insertion was introduced into the 3'utr of the csfv shimen, virulent strain. therefore, the 12-nt insertion present in the 3'utr of the hclv st ... | 2004 | 15084401 |
| classical swine fever virus induces tumor necrosis factor-alpha and lymphocyte apoptosis. | the expression of tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha and apoptosis was studied in lymph nodes from pigs infected with classical swine fever virus (csfv). pigs were inoculated with csfv and euthanized at 3, 5, 7, and 10 days postinoculation. an increase in tnf-alpha expression was detected in csfv-infected lymph nodes using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and tnf-alpha protein was detected in lymph nodes by immunohistochemistry. the majority of tnf-alpha-positive cells also expr ... | 2004 | 15098104 |
| classical swine fever virus glycoprotein e rns is an endoribonuclease with an unusual base specificity. | the glycoprotein e(rns) of pestiviruses is a virion-associated and -secreted rnase that is involved in virulence. the requirements at the cleavage site in heteropolymeric rna substrates were studied for e(rns). limited digestion of heteropolymeric rna substrates indicated a cleavage 5' of uridine residues irrespective of the preceding nucleotide (np/u). to further study specificity radiolabeled rna, molecules of 45 to 56 nucleotides in length were synthesized that contained no or a single np/u c ... | 2004 | 15113930 |
| regulating effects of porcine interleukin-6 gene and cpg motifs on immune responses to porcine trivalent vaccines in mice. | in order to develop novel immunoadjuvants to boost immune response of conventional vaccines, experiments were conducted to investigate the regulating effects of porcine interleukin-6 gene and cpg motifs as the molecular adjuvants on immune responses of mice that were co-inoculated with trivalent vaccines against swine fever, the pasteurellosis and erysipelas suis. synthetic oligodeoxynuleotides containing cpg motifs were ligated into puc18, forming recombinant puc18-cpg plasmid. eukaryotic plasm ... | 2004 | 15120952 |
| [sequence, necessary for initiating rna synthesis, in the 3'-noncoding region of the classical swine fever virus genome]. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the causative agent of swine fever, which represents an economically important disease in hogs. we previously made a prediction about the recognition sites of replication initiation of csfv by using the information content method, and it was predicted that the 21 nucleotides located at 3' end of the csfv genome 3'utr were essential to csfv replication. in this paper, we experimentally studied these 21 nucleotides by site-directed mutagenesis. it was found th ... | 2004 | 15125241 |
| the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy for hiv on the anti-hcv specific humoral immune response. | the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) on hcv replication is controversial, with some studies reporting no effect and others increases, reductions and even clearances of hcv rna after treatment. in this study, the effect of haart was investigated on the titre of anti-hcv specific antibodies and on the relationship between these antibodies and hcv rna level in a cohort of 24 patients with inherited bleeding disorders. a significant inverse correlation between antibodies to bot ... | 2004 | 14695658 |
| what determines whether mammalian ribosomes resume scanning after translation of a short upstream open reading frame? | if the 5'-proximal aug triplet in a mammalian mrna is followed by a short open reading frame (sorf), a significant fraction of ribosomes resume scanning after termination of sorf translation, and reinitiate at a downstream aug. to examine the underlying mechanism, we examined reinitiation in vitro using a series of mrnas that differed only in the 5'-untranslated region (utr). efficient reinitiation was found to occur only if the eif4f complex, or at a minimum the central one-third fragment of ei ... | 2004 | 14701882 |
| apoptosis of thymocytes in experimental african swine fever virus infection. | this paper report on the lesions occurred in the thymus in experimental acute african swine fever (asf). twenty-one pigs were inoculated with the highly virulent asf virus (asfv) isolate spain-70. animals were slaughtered from 1 to 7 days post infection (dpi). three animals with similar features were used as controls. thymus samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution for histological and immunohistochemical study and in 2.5% glutaraldehyde for ultrastructural examination. for immunohis ... | 2004 | 14702174 |
| the cd2v protein of african swine fever virus interacts with the actin-binding adaptor protein sh3p7. | the predicted extracellular domain of the cd2v protein of african swine fever virus (asfv) shares significant similarity to that of the cd2 protein in t cells but has a unique cytoplasmic domain of unknown function. here we have shown that cd2v is expressed as a glycoprotein of approximately 105 kda in asfv-infected cells. in the absence of an extracellular ligand, the majority of cd2v appears to localize to perinuclear membrane compartments. furthermore, we have shown using the yeast two-hybrid ... | 2004 | 14718626 |
| cd81 is required for hepatitis c virus glycoprotein-mediated viral infection. | cd81 has been described as a putative receptor for hepatitis c virus (hcv); however, its role in hcv cell entry has not been characterized due to the lack of an efficient cell culture system. we have examined the role of cd81 in hcv glycoprotein-dependent entry by using a recently developed retroviral pseudotyping system. human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) pseudotypes bearing hcv e1e2 glycoproteins show a restricted tropism for human liver cell lines. although all of the permissive cell lines ex ... | 2004 | 14722300 |
| african swine fever virus multigene family 360 and 530 genes affect host interferon response. | african swine fever virus (asfv) multigene family 360 and 530 (mgf360/530) genes affect viral growth in macrophage cell cultures and virulence in pigs (l. zsak, z. lu, t. g. burrage, j. g. neilan, g. f. kutish, d. m. moore, and d. l. rock, j. virol. 75:3066-3076, 2001). the mechanism by which these novel genes affect virus-host interactions is unknown. to define mgf360/530 gene function, we compared macrophage transcriptional responses following infection with parental asfv (pr4) and an mgf360/5 ... | 2004 | 14747550 |
| african swine fever virus multigene family 360 genes affect virus replication and generalization of infection in ornithodoros porcinus ticks. | recently, we reported that african swine fever virus (asfv) multigene family (mgf) 360 and 530 genes are significant swine macrophage host range determinants that function by promoting infected-cell survival. to examine the function of these genes in asfv's arthropod host, ornithodoros porcinus porcinus, an mgf360/530 gene deletion mutant (pr4delta35) was constructed from an asfv isolate of tick origin, pr4. pr4delta35 exhibited a significant growth defect in ticks. the deletion of six mgf360 an ... | 2004 | 14963141 |
| neutralizing antibodies to african swine fever virus proteins p30, p54, and p72 are not sufficient for antibody-mediated protection. | although antibody-mediated immune mechanisms have been shown to be important in immunity to asf, it remains unclear what role virus neutralizing antibodies play in the protective response. virus neutralizing epitopes have been identified on three viral proteins, p30, p54, and p72. to evaluate the role(s) of these proteins in protective immunity, pigs were immunized with baculovirus-expressed p30, p54, p72, and p22 from the pathogenic african swine fever virus (asfv) isolate pr4. asfv specific ne ... | 2004 | 14980493 |
| characterization of functional hepatitis c virus envelope glycoproteins. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) encodes two envelope glycoproteins, e1 and e2, that assemble as a noncovalent heterodimer which is mainly retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. because assembly into particles and secretion from the cell lead to structural changes in viral envelope proteins, characterization of the proteins associated with the virion is necessary in order to better understand how they mature to be functional in virus entry. there is currently no efficient and reliable cell culture system ... | 2004 | 14990718 |
| long-term monitoring of classical swine fever in wild boar (sus scrofa sp.) using serological data. | in the european community, epizootics of classical swine fever (csf) in the wild boar (sus scrofa) are compulsorily monitored because transmission may occur between wild boars and domestic pigs, causing heavy economic losses to the pork industry. the estimation of incidence in populations of wild boars is generally based on viroprevalence. however, viral isolation becomes rare when the incidence is low because the virus cannot be detected for more than a few weeks following infection. on the con ... | 2005 | 15610721 |
| [cultivation of the vaccine strain of the virus of porcine classic plague]. | several cell cultures were compared and examined for their capability to support reproduction of classical swine fever virus (csfv). experimental conditions of virus cultivation were optimized. the subculture of primary lamb testicular (lt) cells was selected for large cell cultivation of csfv. in contrast to many cell lines, these cells were free of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) contamination partly due to liquid nitrogen storage and gamma-ray sterilization of serum used in the growth medi ... | 2005 | 15747873 |
| [isolation of classical swine pest virus from homologous and heterologic cell lines]. | this study was devoted to the choice of cell line for isolation of cspv with high sensitivity. for this purpose the homologous transplantable cell lines from the collection of european references laboratory of csf (national veterinary research institute, pulawy, poland) and heterological primary cell culture from the collection "biotest-laboratory". cell cultures were cultivated as a monolayer in 96-hole microtitration plates. antigen of csfv was detected in peroxides-linked assay (pla). cell cu ... | 2005 | 15765885 |
| fibrocytes are potent stimulators of anti-virus cytotoxic t cells. | fibrocytes (fb) are a population of circulating leukocytes reported to be capable of presenting antigen to cd4(+) t lymphocytes. in contrast, no information is available about their capacity to stimulate cd8(+) cytolytic t lymphocyte (ctl) responses. to this end, fb were isolated from porcine blood to investigate their ability to stimulate ctl responses using a classical swine fever virus model. the isolated fb (referred to as primary fb) displayed the phenotype previously reported for mouse and ... | 2005 | 15767291 |
| phylogenetic analysis of classical swine fever virus isolated from taiwan. | by analyzing the e2 sequences of classical swine fever virus from field outbreaks in taiwan during 1993-2001, three virus populations with distinct genotypes were determined including one historical (subgroup 3.4) and two exotic (subgroup 2.1) strains. the first subgroup 2.1 virus was isolated in 1994 and further sporadic outbreaks occurred after 1996. phylogenetic analysis using the e2 region has segregated the taiwanese strains of 2.1 virus into two different genotypes (termed 2.1a and 2.1b). ... | 2005 | 15778024 |
| [detection and species-specific differentiation of pestiviruses using real-time rt-pcr]. | an important prerequisite for an efficient eradication of pestiviruses like bovine viral diarrhea virus or classical swine fever virus are sensitive and specific detection methods. beside antigen detection with antigen capture elisas and virus isolation using cell culture, the detection of virus genomes by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) becomes more and more important. by using real-time rt-pcr, the disadvantages of conventional pcr methods concerning the risk of contam ... | 2005 | 15803758 |
| oronasal vaccination with classical swine fever virus (csfv) replicon particles with either partial or complete deletion of the e2 gene induces partial protection against lethal challenge with highly virulent csfv. | a cdna clone of the classical swine fever virus (csfv) strain alfort/187 [ruggli n, tratschin jd, mittelholzer c, hofmann ma. nucleotide sequence of classical swine fever virus strain alfort/187 and transcription of infectious rna from stably cloned full-length cdna. j virol 1996;70(6):3478-87] was used to construct two e2 deletion mutants lacking either the complete e2 gene or, alternatively, a stretch of 204 nucleotides encoding 68 amino acids located in the c-terminal region of the e2 glycopr ... | 2005 | 15837238 |
| phylogenetic analysis of classical swine fever virus (csfv) field isolates from outbreaks in south and central america. | to date, there is little information concerning the epidemiological situation of classical swine fever (csf) in the americas. besides summarizing the available data, genotyping of isolates from outbreaks in domestic pigs in several countries of south and central america was performed. for this, a 190 base fragment of the e2 envelope glycoprotein gene was used. european strains and isolates, and historical isolates from the united states (us) were included for comparison. in contrast to the situa ... | 2005 | 15845261 |
| characterization of helper virus-independent cytopathogenic classical swine fever virus generated by an in vivo rna recombination system. | molecular analyses revealed that most cytopathogenic (cp) pestivirus strains evolve from noncytopathogenic (noncp) viruses by nonhomologous rna recombination. in contrast to bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), cp classical swine fever virus (csfv) field isolates were rarely detected and always represented helper virus-dependent subgenomes. to investigate rna recombination in more detail, we recently established an in vivo system allowing the efficient generation of recombinant cp bvdv strains in ... | 2005 | 15681445 |
| porcine adenovirus as a delivery system for swine vaccines and immunotherapeutics. | porcine adenovirus (padv) has many qualities which make it an ideal choice for use as a delivery vector in swine. it is a low grade pathogen, present almost world-wide in a number of serotypes varying in their virulence and tissue tropism, which may allow for serotype specific vaccine targeting. padv is species specific having only been isolated from swine, reducing the possibility of its spread to other animals or man following administration. when engineered to contain a foreign gene, recombin ... | 2005 | 15683761 |
| phylogenetic analysis of classical swine fever virus in taiwan. | two envelope glycoprotein (erns and e2) regions of the classical swine fever virus (csfv) were amplified by rt-pcr and sequenced directly from 158 specimens collected between 1989 and 2003 in taiwan. phylogenetic analysis of the two regions revealed a similar tree topology and the erns region provided better discrimination than the e2 region. one hundred and fifteen isolates out of the 158 isolates were clustered within subgroup 2.1 (further classified as 2.1a and 2.1b) and 2.2, which were consi ... | 2005 | 15703847 |
| [recombinant analysis of classical swine fever virus]. | to study the possible recombinant relationship among differently derived classical swine fever virus, the coding regions of 21 isolates were analyzed to detect recombination and breakpoints through gene trees comparison and quartet analyses. the results show nucleotide area corresponding to e0, e1 and e2 as a possible recombinant tract between ald ( d49532) and gpe-(d49533) while ns5a-ns5b of the isolate 39 (af407339) appears to be derived from a virulent shimen strain (af092448) sequence. this ... | 2005 | 15715438 |
| african swine fever virus infection disrupts centrosome assembly and function. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a large, enveloped dna virus that assembles in perinuclear sites located close to the centrosome. it is reported here that the microtubule network becomes disorganized soon after the onset of viral dna replication and formation of assembly sites. asfv infection resulted in loss of gamma-tubulin and pericentrin at the centrosome; this was due to protein relocalization, but not degradation. asfv infection also inhibited the ability of the centrosome to nucleate ... | 2005 | 15722518 |
| the e2 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus is a virulence determinant in swine. | to identify genetic determinants of classical swine fever virus (csfv) virulence and host range, chimeras of the highly pathogenic brescia strain and the attenuated vaccine strain cs were constructed and evaluated for viral virulence in swine. upon initial screening, only chimeras 138.8v and 337.14v, the only chimeras containing the e2 glycoprotein of cs, were attenuated in swine despite exhibiting unaltered growth characteristics in primary porcine macrophage cell cultures. additional viral chi ... | 2005 | 15731272 |
| immunoprotective properties of transgenic plants expressing e2 glycoprotein from csfv and cysteine protease from fasciola hepatica. | immune responses were elicited in laboratory animals after oral vaccination by transgenic plants (lettuce and alfalfa) expressing the e2 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus (csfv) or cysteine protease from fasciola hepatica. elisa analyses demonstrated that the oral route is effective in inducing a specific antibody response against these antigens in mice. | 2005 | 15734053 |
| an error-prone viral dna ligase. | our recent demonstration that dna polymerase x (pol x), the dna repair polymerase encoded by the african swine fever virus (asfv), is extremely error prone during single-nucleotide gap filling led us to hypothesize that it might contribute to genetic variability in asfv. for the infidelity of pol x to be relevant, however, the dna ligase working downstream of it would need to be capable of sealing nicks containing 3'-oh mismatches. we therefore examined the nick ligation capabilities of the asfv ... | 2005 | 15938630 |
| monte carlo simulation of classical swine fever epidemics and control. ii. validation of the model. | a stochastic and spatial simulation model was developed to simulate the spread of classical swine fever virus among herds in a certain area. a model is a simplification of a real system. the mechanisms and parameters are often not exactly known. validation is necessary to gain insight into model behaviour and to identify risk factors with great impact on the response variables. several risk factors such as incubation period, number of daily farm contacts, probability of detection, probability of ... | 2005 | 15939558 |
| estimating the probability of freedom of classical swine fever virus of the east-belgium wild-boar population. | a report of the scientific committee on animal health and animal welfare of the european commission (cec, 1999.) includes recommendations for setting up monitoring programmes for classical swine fever (csf) infection in a wild-boar population, based on the assumption that one would detect at least 5% prevalence in a csf-infected wild-boar population. this assumption, however, is not science based. we propose an alternative method to provide evidence for a wild-boar population being free of csf a ... | 2005 | 15953649 |
| immunomodulatory effect of plasmids co-expressing cytokines in classical swine fever virus subunit gp55/e2-dna vaccination. | the aim of this study was to determine the immunomodulatory effects of il-12, il-18 and cd154 (cd40 ligand, cd40l) in dna-vaccination against the classical swine fever virus. four recombinant plasmids were constructed including the csfv coding region for the glycoprotein gp55/e2 alone or together with porcine il-12, il-18 or cd154 genes. five groups of four pigs each were immunized intramuscularly (i.m.) three times with the respective constructs. the control group was inoculated with empty plas ... | 2005 | 15955282 |
| the kinetics of cytokine production and cd25 expression by porcine lymphocyte subpopulations following exposure to classical swine fever virus (csfv). | surface expression of il-2r-alpha (cd25) is widely used to identify activated lymphocyte populations, while interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) levels have been shown to be a good indicator of cell-mediated immunity (cmi) in pigs. to investigate the relationship between these two parameters, we developed an intracellular cytokine-staining assay and studied the kinetics of cytokine (ifn-gamma and interleukin-10, il-10) production relative to cd25 expression in porcine lymphocyte subpopulations, followin ... | 2005 | 15963818 |
| origin and evolution of viruses causing classical swine fever in cuba. | we have analyzed the origin and evolution of viruses from the classical swine fever (csf) epidemic that affects cuba since 2001 by nucleotide sequencing of regions within the e2 glycoprotein and the ns5b (polymerase) genes. the sequence of 190 nucleotides from e2 gene was determined for 10 csf viruses isolated at different locations of the island, and used for phylogenetic analyses, including sequences from viruses of the 1993--1997 epizootic, previously determined, as well as those from represe ... | 2005 | 15878213 |
| [sensitivity of methods of titration of the vaccine strain of porcine fever virus]. | methods of titration of the cs vaccine strain of classical swine fever virus were compared in vitro and vivo. the titration in the tl and pk-15 cell culture without cytopathic effect is based on the detection of virus antigen by labeled antibodies. the infection intensity in the cell culture virtually correlated with the antigenic and immunogenic activity of dry vaccine used for swine. | 2005 | 15881399 |
| candidate multi-peptide-vaccine against classical swine fever virus induced potent immunity with serological marker. | our previous study proposed a protective multi-peptide-vaccine (mpv) with freund's adjuvant against classical swine fever virus (csfv). in this study, another candidate mpv, using aluminum adjuvant, was further examined. all immunized pigs kept healthy during the experimental period, while the control group rapidly showed clinical symptoms and died. moreover, anti-sera from mpv-immunized pigs could interact with peptides involved in the mpv, in contrast to anti-sera from non-immunized or infecte ... | 2005 | 15882522 |
| a dna vaccine expressing the e2 protein of classical swine fever virus elicits t cell responses that can prime for rapid antibody production and confer total protection upon viral challenge. | immunization of domestic pigs with a dna vaccine expressing the complete e2 protein of classical swine fever virus (csfv) conferred total protection against a severe viral challenge. immunization with three doses of plasmid pcdna3.1/e2 elicited a consistent and specific, mhc class ii restricted t cell response in the three domestic pigs analyzed, in the absence of detectable anti-csfv antibodies in serum. upon challenge specific t cell responses were boosted in the three vaccinated pigs, and a r ... | 2005 | 15882536 |
| loss of interferon regulatory factor 3 in cells infected with classical swine fever virus involves the n-terminal protease, npro. | we show that cells infected with the pestivirus classical swine fever virus (csfv) fail to produce alpha/beta interferon not only following treatment with double-stranded rna but also after superinfection with a heterologous virus, the alphavirus sindbis virus, a virus shown to normally induce interferon. we investigated whether the inhibition of interferon synthesis by csfv involved a block in interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf3) activity. cells infected with csfv exhibited a lack of transloca ... | 2005 | 15890962 |
| evolution of t lymphocytes and cytokine expression in classical swine fever (csf) virus infection. | this study characterized the cell-mediated immune response in pigs inoculated with the alfort 187 isolate of classical swine fever (csf) virus. quantitative changes in the t-lymphocyte population (cd3(+), cd4(+) and cd8(+)) and qualitative changes in cytokine expression (il-2, il-4 and ifngamma) by these cells in serum, thymus and spleen were demonstrated. these changes coincided spatially and temporally with previously described quantitative and qualitative changes in monocyte-macrophage popula ... | 2005 | 15893983 |
| [identification and comparison of neutralizing epitopes of glycoprotein e(rns) of classical swine fever virus]. | structural and envelope glycoprotein e(rns) (gp48) of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the second antigenic protein being responsible for eliciting neutralizing antibodies and conferring protective immunity. infection of cells with csfv is mediated by the interaction of glycoprotein e(rns) and e2 with the cell surface receptors. the glycoprotein e(rns) has been shown to contain rnase activity, which plays a role in the viral life cycle and is also involved in virus neutralization. neutraliz ... | 2005 | 15847166 |
| viruses in boar semen: detection and clinical as well as epidemiological consequences regarding disease transmission by artificial insemination. | many viruses have been reported to be present in boar semen, particularly during the viremic phase of the diseases. some of them, such foot-and-mouth disease virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, swine vesicular disease virus, porcine parvovirus, picornaviruses, adenoviruses, enteroviruses, japanese encephalitis virus, pseudorabies virus, african swine fever virus and reoviruses are of particular importance and accurate monitoring prior to and during the presence of boars i ... | 2005 | 15626416 |
| preclinical diagnosis of african swine fever in contact-exposed swine by a real-time pcr assay. | a fluorogenic probe hydrolysis (taqman) pcr assay for african swine fever virus (asfv) was developed and evaluated in experimentally infected swine. this sensitive and specific one-step single-tube assay, which can be performed in 2 h or less, detected viral dna in tonsil scraping samples 2 to 4 days prior to onset of clinical disease. thus, the assay would have application for preclinical diagnosis of african swine fever and surveillance and/or emergency management of a disease outbreak. | 2005 | 15634958 |
| diagnostic evaluation of a real-time reverse transcriptase pcr assay for detection of classical swine fever virus. | a fluorogenic-probe hydrolysis (taqman)-reverse transcriptase (rt) pcr for classical swine fever virus (csfv) was evaluated for diagnostic sensitivity and specificity by using clinical samples obtained from the dominican republic, where the disease is enzootic. the sensitivity of this test, using nasal swab samples taken from both symptomatic and asymptomatic animals, exceeded the diagnostic sensitivity of virus isolation (100% versus 72.4%, respectively) with little loss of specificity (98.9% v ... | 2005 | 15635018 |
| antibody responses of pigs to defined erns fragments after infection with classical swine fever virus. | antibody responses of pigs to defined erns fragments, after classical swine fever virus (csfv) infection, were studied by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). selection of various e(rns) fragments was based on an immunodominant erns region encompassing three overlapping antigenic regions, amino acids 65 to 145 (erns(aa)65-145) (ar1), 84 to 160 (erns(aa)84-160) (ar2), and 109 to 220 (erns(aa)109-220) (ar3), identified earlier by our group (m. lin, e. trottier, j. pasick, and m. sab ... | 2005 | 15643004 |
| cloning and expression of interferon-alpha/gamma from a domestic porcine breed and its effect on classical swine fever virus. | to further evaluate the clinical impact of recombinant poifn-alpha/gamma, poifn-alpha/gamma genes from a chinese domestic big-white porcine breed were cloned using pcr, and expressed in a high-level prokaryotic system. the antiviral activities of rpoifn-alpha/gamma on vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), and classical swine fever virus (csfv) were investigated in different cell lines. the cloned poifn-alpha gene encodes a protein of 166 a ... | 2005 | 15661333 |
| expression of proinflammatory cytokines by hepatic macrophages in acute classical swine fever. | fourteen pigs were inoculated with the 'alfort 187' strain of classical swine fever (csf) virus and killed in pairs at 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14 or 17 days post-inoculation for histopathological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical examination. for the latter method, the antibodies used were those against viral antigen gp55, porcine myeloid marker swc3, il-1alpha, il-6, tnf-alpha and factor viii-related antigen. activation and increase in the number of hepatic macrophages was observed following vir ... | 2005 | 15899492 |
| monte carlo simulation of classical swine fever epidemics and control. i. general concepts and description of the model. | a monte carlo simulation has been developed to describe the spread of classical swine fever virus between farms within a certain region. the data of the farms can be imported and considered individually. transmission occurs via the infection routes direct animal and indirect person and vehicle contact, as well as by contaminated sperm and local spread. parameters, such as incubation period and probability of detection, can be varied by the user and their impact on disease spread can be studied. ... | 2005 | 15908147 |
| vimentin rearrangement during african swine fever virus infection involves retrograde transport along microtubules and phosphorylation of vimentin by calcium calmodulin kinase ii. | african swine fever virus (asfv) infection leads to rearrangement of vimentin into a cage surrounding virus factories. vimentin rearrangement in cells generally involves phosphorylation of n-terminal domains of vimentin by cellular kinases to facilitate disassembly and transport of vimentin filaments on microtubules. here, we demonstrate that the first stage in vimentin rearrangement during asfv infection involves a microtubule-dependent concentration of vimentin into an "aster" within virus ass ... | 2005 | 16140754 |
| mutation of e1 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus affects viral virulence in swine. | transposon linker insertion mutagenesis of a full-length infectious clone (ic) (pbic) of the pathogenic classical swine fever virus (csfv) strain brescia was used to identify genetic determinants of csfv virulence and host range. here, we characterize a virus mutant, rb-c22v, possessing a 19-residue insertion at the carboxyl terminus of e1 glycoprotein. although rb-c22v exhibited normal growth characteristics in primary porcine macrophage cell cultures, the major target cell of csfv in vivo, it ... | 2005 | 16168455 |
| genetic typing of classical swine fever viruses from lao pdr by analysis of the 5' non-coding region. | the 5' non-coding region (5'-ncr) of 27 classical swine fever virus (csfv) isolates from lao people's democratic republic (lao pdr) during 1997 and 1999 were amplified by rt-pcr. a 150-bp region of the 5'-ncr amplicons was analysed and compared with reference csfv of european and asian origin and a phylogenetic dendrogram constructed. following analysis, all viruses were determined to belong to genogroup 2. viruses from lao pdr grouped on a geographical basis with the majority of northern/centra ... | 2005 | 16175340 |
| dimerization of glycoprotein e(rns) of classical swine fever virus is not essential for viral replication and infection. | the pestivirus glycoprotein e(rns), a ribonuclease, is expressed on the surface of virions and in infected cells as a disulfide-linked homodimer. e(rns) is involved in the infection process and its rnase activity is probably involved in viral replication and pathogenesis. the most c-terminal cysteine residue forms an intermolecular disulfide bond with another e(rns) monomer, resulting in an e(rns) dimer. to study the function of dimerisation of e(rns) for viral replication, the cysteine residue ... | 2005 | 15986175 |
| [evaluation on the biosafety of classical swine fever dna vaccine]. | the biosafety of dna vaccine is one of the key questions which should be solved before it is used in the clinical trail. in order to evaluate the biosafety of dna vaccine, the csfv dna vaccine was used in the studying target, two main aspects of the vaccine were explored in the study. firstly, the possibility of integration of two kinds of dna vaccine plasmids into pig genome was analyzed by pcr technology after the different vaccines were injected through the intramuscular introduction. the res ... | 2005 | 15989279 |
| classical swine fever (csf) in wild boar: the role of the transplacental infection in the perpetuation of csf. | thirty-four pregnant wild sows and their unborn progeny derived from an endemically infected population in the district of nordvorpommern (mecklenburg-western pomerania) were investigated for classical swine fever virus (csfv) and antibodies. during the last 2.5 years of the epidemic, 20 out of 34 pregnant wild sows investigated were serologically positive. no csfv or viral rna was detected in organs derived from these animals and their progeny. this indicates that young wild boars persistently ... | 2005 | 16000110 |
| statistical evaluation of classical swine fever surveillance plans in italy (1995-2003). | summary surveillance plans were carried out in italy from 1995 to 2003, with the main aim of controlling the possible circulation of low-virulence classical swine fever viral strains. the repetition of a serological monitoring programme over several years, with constantly negative results, can prove the absence of the infection while increasing the degree of confidence. in our case, in 2003, after eight repetitions of the surveillance plan, the probability that there was at least one infected fa ... | 2005 | 16000117 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on a chimeric antigen bearing antigenic regions of structural proteins erns and e2 for serodiagnosis of classical swine fever virus infection. | the antigenic region (residues 109 to 160) of classical swine fever virus (csfv) protein e(rns) and the n-terminal antigenic region (residues 1 to 136) of protein e2 were constructed in the form of a fused, chimeric protein, c21e(rns)e2, for use as an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) antigen for the serodiagnosis of csfv infection. tested with 238 negative-field (csfv-free) sera from canadian sources, the specificity of the elisa was determined to be 93.7%. all 20 sera from experimental ... | 2005 | 16002639 |
| lymphocyte apoptosis and thrombocytopenia in spleen during classical swine fever: role of macrophages and cytokines. | thirty-two large white x landrace pigs, 4 months old, were inoculated with the classical swine fever (csf) or hog cholera virus strain "alfort" in order to identify the mechanism responsible for the lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia observed in the spleen during the experimental induction of disease, by immunohistochemical and ultrastructural techniques. results showed a progressive depletion of splenic lymphoid structures and evidence of platelet aggregation processes. lymphoid depletion was due ... | 2005 | 16006607 |
| fc gamma rii-dependent sensitisation of natural interferon-producing cells for viral infection and interferon-alpha responses. | natural interferon-producing cells (nipc), also called plasmacytoid dendritic cells, are the most potent producers of ifn-alpha in response to viral and bacterial components, serving an important function in innate immune defences. the present work demonstrates that nipc responsiveness can be primed by immunisation, increasing their capacity to produce ifn-alpha after viral infection. nipc isolated from pigs immunised against classical swine fever virus (csfv), a member of the flaviviridae, were ... | 2005 | 16021600 |
| de novo rna synthesis and homology modeling of the classical swine fever virus rna polymerase. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) non-structural protein 5b (ns5b) encodes an rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp), a key enzyme which initiates rna replication by a de novo mechanism without a primer and is a potential target for anti-virus therapy. we expressed the ns5b protein in escherichia coli. the rgtp can stimulate de novo initiation of rna synthesis and mutation of the gdd motif to gly-asp-asp (gaa) abolishes the rna synthesis. to better understand the mechanism of viral rna synthesis i ... | 2005 | 16022897 |
| outbreaks of classical swine fever in the republic of korea in 2003. | 2005 | 16040944 | |
| n(pro) of classical swine fever virus is an antagonist of double-stranded rna-mediated apoptosis and ifn-alpha/beta induction. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) protects cells from double-stranded (ds) rna-mediated apoptosis and ifn-alpha/beta induction. this phenotype is lost when csfv lacks n(pro) (deltan(pro) csfv). in the present study, we demonstrate that n(pro) counteracts dsrna-mediated apoptosis and ifn-alpha/beta induction independently of other csfv elements. for this purpose, we generated porcine sk-6 and pk-15 cell lines constitutively expressing n(pro) fused to the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) ... | 2005 | 16043207 |
| validation of a real-time rt-pcr assay for sensitive and specific detection of classical swine fever. | a fully validated, ready-to-use, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay, multiplexed for simultaneous detection of an internal control, for the simple and rapid diagnosis of classical swine fever (csf) was developed. primers and fam-labeled taqman-probes specific for classical swine fever virus (csfv) were selected from the consensus sequence of the 5' non-translated region (5' ntr) of 78 different csfv strains. for determining analytical sensitivity, an in vitr ... | 2005 | 16055202 |
| in vivo depletion of cd8+ t lymphocytes abrogates protective immunity to african swine fever virus. | to understand the mechanisms involved in protective immunity to african swine fever virus (asfv) infection, the observation that infection with the avirulent portuguese asfv isolate our/t88/3 protects outbred pigs from challenge with the virulent portuguese asfv isolate our/t88/1 was exploited. it was demonstrated that pigs exposed to our/t88/3 and then depleted of cd8+ lymphocytes were no longer fully protected from our/t88/1 challenge. this indicated that cd8+ lymphocytes play an important rol ... | 2005 | 16099902 |
| identification of classical swine fever virus protein e2 as a target for cytotoxic t cells by using mrna-transfected antigen-presenting cells. | vaccination of pigs against classical swine fever virus (csfv) by using live-virus vaccines induces early protection before detectable humoral immune responses. immunological analyses indicate that this is associated with t-cell activation, underlining the importance of targeting cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) responses for vaccine improvement. antigen-presenting cells (apcs) transfected with mrna encoding structural protein e2 or non-structural viral proteins ns3-ns4a were used to identify viral ... | 2005 | 16099911 |
| genetic characterization of a caprine pestivirus as the first member of a putative novel pestivirus subgroup. | currently, the genus pestivirus comprises four approved species, namely bovine viral diarrhoea viruses 1 and 2 (bvdv-1, bvdv-2), classical swine fever virus and border disease virus (bdv). recently, three major genotypes have been identified within the species bdv and termed as subgroups bdv-1, bdv-2 and bdv-3. here, an isolate from animals in a herd showing bd-like syndromes, which occurred in central italy was analysed. a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was performed using prim ... | 2005 | 16115092 |
| nictitating membrane as a potentially useful postmortem diagnostic specimen for classical swine fever. | the gold standard for diagnosis of classical swine fever (csf) is cell culture virus isolation combined with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and fluorescent antibody test (fat) in cryosections of tonsils, spleen, various lymph nodes, ileum, and kidney. autolytic and heterolytic samples render correct fat evaluation difficult and can even yield false-negative or ambiguously positive results. to extend the spectrum of csf diagnostic specimens, the authors tested whether th ... | 2005 | 16130991 |
| evaluation of the epidemiological importance of classical swine fever infected, e2 sub-unit marker vaccinated animals with rt-npcr positive blood samples. | it has been demonstrated that pigs that have been double vaccinated with an e2 sub-unit marker vaccine and that are infected with classical swine fever virus (csfv) through a natural contact infection may react positive in a csfv detecting rt-npcr test, whereas no virus could be isolated by using the conventional virus isolation (vi) technique. to evaluate whether these vaccinated and infected pigs may spread the virus, three experiments were set up. in the first, susceptible pigs were inoculate ... | 2005 | 16283914 |
| susceptibility of in vivo- and in vitro-produced porcine embryos to classical swine fever virus. | the objective of this study was to investigate the susceptibility of in vivo- and in vitro-produced (ivp) porcine embryos to classical swine fever virus (csfv). ivp zona pellucida (zp)-intact porcine embryos (n = 721) were co-cultured with csfv for 120 h. after washing according to the international embryo transfer society guidelines (without trypsin) and transferring embryos to csfv-susceptible porcine kidney cells (pk15 cell line), no virus was isolated. however, when 88 ivp zp-intact porcine ... | 2005 | 16149945 |
| role of double-stranded rna and npro of classical swine fever virus in the activation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is a noncytopathogenic (ncp) positive-sense rna virus that replicates in myeloid cells including macrophages and dendritic cells (dc). the virus does not induce type i interferon (ifn-alpha/beta), which in macrophages has been related to the presence of the viral npro gene. in the present work, the role of viral double-stranded (ds)rna and npro in the virus-host cell interaction has been analyzed. higher levels of detectable dsrna were produced by a genetically ... | 2005 | 16154171 |
| [salmonella choleraesuis c500 delivering dna immunization against classical swine fever virus]. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) e2 protein eukaryotic expression plasmid pvaxe2 was constructed. the plasmid pvaxe2 was transformed into salmonella choleraesuis c500 (s. c500) attenuated vaccine strain by electroporation to generate salmonella choleraesuis engineering strain s. c500/pvaxe2. the characterization of s. c500/pvaxe2 in morphology, growth, biochemistry and serology indicated that it retained the same properties as its original strain s. c500 with exception of kanamycin resistance ... | 2005 | 16468338 |
| comparison of six rna extraction methods for the detection of classical swine fever virus by real-time and conventional reverse transcription-pcr. | six rna extraction methods, i.e., rnaqueous kit, micro-to-midi total rna purification system, nucleospin rna ii, genelute mammalian total rna kit, rneasy mini kit, and trizol ls reagent, were evaluated on blood and 7 tissues from pig infected with classical swine fever virus (csfv). each of the 6 extraction methods yielded sufficient rna for positive results in a real-time reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) for csfv, and all rna, except the one extracted from blood by trizol ls reagent, yielded ... | 2005 | 16475517 |
| visualization of the african swine fever virus infection in living cells by incorporation into the virus particle of green fluorescent protein-p54 membrane protein chimera. | many stages of african swine fever virus infection have not yet been studied in detail. to track the behavior of african swine fever virus (asfv) in the infected cells in real time, we produced an infectious recombinant asfv (b54gfp-2) that expresses and incorporates into the virus particle a chimera of the p54 envelope protein fused to the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp). the incorporation of the fusion protein into the virus particle was confirmed immunologically and it was determine ... | 2006 | 16490226 |
| contributions of an endonuclease iv homologue to dna repair in the african swine fever virus. | we recently demonstrated that african swine fever virus dna polymerase x (pol x) is extremely error-prone during single-nucleotide gap-filling and that the downstream asfv dna ligase seals 3' mismatched nicks with high efficiency. to further assess the credence of our hypothesis that these proteins may promote viral diversification by functioning within the context of an aberrant dna repair pathway, herein we characterize the third protein expected to function in this system, a putative ap endon ... | 2006 | 16503634 |
| spying the neutralizing epitopes on e2 n-terminal by candidate epitope-vaccines against classical swine fever virus. | our previous study proved that the n-terminal (aa693-711) of glycoprotein e2 contained sequential neutralizing epitopes. in this study, four candidate epitope-vaccines (evs) were separately prepared and evaluated. among them, epitope-vaccine ev-bc1a (bc1a: aa693-699) induced high level of epitope-specific neutralizing antibodies and exhibited similar protective capability with that induced by chinese vaccine strain (c-strain). these results confirmed ckedyry (aa693-699) as a principal sequential ... | 2006 | 16504346 |
| antigenic properties and diagnostic potential of african swine fever virus protein pp62 expressed in insect cells. | african swine fever (asf) is an infectious and economically important disease of domestic pigs. the absence of vaccine renders the diagnostic test the only tool that can be used for the control of new outbreaks of the disease. at present, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) test is the most useful method for large-scale asf serological studies, although false positives have been detected, mainly on poorly preserved sera. in order to improve the current diagnostic test available for asf ... | 2006 | 16517882 |
| african swine fever virus pb119l protein is a flavin adenine dinucleotide-linked sulfhydryl oxidase. | protein pb119l of african swine fever virus belongs to the erv1p/alrp family of sulfhydryl oxidases and has been described as a late nonstructural protein required for correct virus assembly. to further our knowledge of the function of protein pb119l during the virus life cycle, we have investigated whether this protein possesses sulfhydryl oxidase activity, using a purified recombinant protein. we show that the purified protein contains bound flavin adenine dinucleotide and is capable of cataly ... | 2006 | 16537584 |
| determination of genotoxicity of classical swine fever vaccine in vitro by cytogenetic and comet tests. | chromosome damage in lymphocyte cultures induced by live virus vaccine against classical swine fever (csf) has been observed in previous studies. in vivo cytogenetic tests were made with several doses of vaccines used in argentina to control the disease. these studies have shown that genotoxic effects increased with dose. in the present study, two different in vitro assays were performed by recording the frequency of cells with chromosome alterations and by assessing the ability of the vaccine t ... | 2006 | 16571637 |
| african swine fever virus protein pe296r is a dna repair apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease required for virus growth in swine macrophages. | we show here that the african swine fever virus (asfv) protein pe296r, predicted to be a class ii apurinic/apyrimidinic (ap) endonuclease, possesses endonucleolytic activity specific for ap sites. biochemical characterization of the purified recombinant enzyme indicated that the k(m) and catalytic efficiency values for the endonucleolytic reaction are in the range of those reported for escherichia coli endonuclease iv (endo iv) and human ape1. in addition to endonuclease activity, the asfv enzym ... | 2006 | 16641276 |