Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| levofloxacin penetrates human monocytes and enhances intracellular killing of staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | intracellular bacteria often cause relapsing and refractory infections. however, these infections can be treated effectively with antibiotics such as ofloxacin which penetrate into the cells containing bacteria. as levofloxacin, the levorotatory isomer of ofloxacin, has enhanced antibacterial activity, we tested the levofloxacin concentration in human monocytes and the effects of intracellular levofloxacin on monocyte killing of staphylococcus aureus strain atcc 29213 and pseudomonas aeruginosa ... | 2000 | 10747825 |
| cd134l engagement enhances human b cell ig production: cd154/cd40, cd70/cd27, and cd134/cd134l interactions coordinately regulate t cell-dependent b cell responses. | cd134 is a member of the tnfr family expressed on activated t cells, whose ligand, cd134l, is found preferentially on activated b cells. we have previously reported that the cd70/cd27 interaction may be more important in the induction of plasma cell differentiation after the expansion phase induced by the cd154/cd40 interaction has occurred. when cd134-transfected cells were added to pbmcs stimulated with pokeweed mitogen, igg production was enhanced in a dose-dependent fashion. addition of cd13 ... | 2000 | 10754303 |
| application of staphylococcal enterotoxin b on normal and atopic skin induces up-regulation of t cells by a superantigen-mediated mechanism. | the skin of patients with inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis is frequently colonized with staphylococcus aureus. colonization with s aureus has been reported to exacerbate atopic dermatitis. recent studies have demonstrated that s aureus isolated from the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis releases bacterial toxins that act as superantigens. we have previously applied the staphylococcal superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin b (seb) on intact human skin and found that the ... | 2000 | 10756235 |
| deletion of the murine duffy gene (dfy) reveals that the duffy receptor is functionally redundant. | all of the antigenic determinants of the duffy blood group system are in a glycoprotein (gp-fy), which is encoded by a single-copy gene (fy) located on chromosome 1. gp-fy is also produced in several cell types, including endothelial cells of capillary and postcapillary venules, the epithelial cell of kidney collecting ducts, lung alveoli, and the purkinje cells of the cerebellum. this protein, which spans the cell membrane seven times, is a member of the superfamily of chemokine receptors and a ... | 2000 | 10757794 |
| dot assay for determining adhesive interactions between yeasts and bacteria under controlled hydrodynamic conditions. | candida belongs to the normal human microflora and are found adhering to a number of human body tissues as well as to a variety of biomaterials implants. often, yeasts adhere in association with bacteria, but to date there is no definitive assay to investigate adhesive interactions between yeasts and bacteria adhering on surfaces. although we recently described the use of a parallel plate flow chamber to this purpose [millsap, k.w., bos, r., van der mei, h. c., busscher, h.j., 1998. adhesive int ... | 2000 | 10802139 |
| trefoil factor family domain peptides in the human respiratory tract. | trefoil factor family domain peptides (tff) are thought to be involved in mucosal epithelial restitution and wound healing of the gastrointestinal tract and are up-regulated in ulceration and in a variety of solid tumours. it was hypothesized that tffs are also expressed on mucosal surfaces of the human respiratory tract. lung tissue, nasal polyps, and sputum samples from seven patients with cystic fibrosis (cf), two with chronic and acute bronchitis, and non-dysplastic material from two cases o ... | 2000 | 10657010 |
| accessory role of human peritoneal mesothelial cells in antigen presentation and t-cell growth. | to assess the role of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (hpmcs) in the generation of an immune response during peritonitis, we tested their ability to activate t-cells by antigen presentation (ap) and by the secretion of interleukin-15 (il-15). il-15 is a potent leukocyte activator that stimulates the proliferation of cd4+, cd8+, and b and natural killer (nk) cells. | 2000 | 10652024 |
| bacterial superantigens and inflammatory skin diseases. | bacteria seem to play an important role in the induction and maintenance of inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. toxins from bacteria including streptococcus and staphylococcus aureus, have been shown to function as a new type of allergen termed 'superantigen'. superantigens bypass the normal control of t-cell activation and activate all t-cell clones bearing certain types of variable chain on the t-cell receptor: this leads to vigorous t-cell activation and cytoki ... | 2000 | 10671976 |
| the dynamics of staphylococcus aureus intramammary infection in nine danish dairy herds. | the aim of the present study was to examine the diversity of staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine intramammary infections (imi) in nine dairy herds, and compare these with isolates from other sites on the cows by phage- and ribotyping. whether colonisation of milkers with s. aureus could be a source of infection for bovine imi was investigated. in addition, 100 epidemiologically unrelated s. aureus isolates from asymptomatic human carriers were also phage- and ribotyped to compare the huma ... | 2000 | 10665537 |
| b-cell function in canine x-linked severe combined immunodeficiency. | canine x-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (xscid) is due to mutations in the common gamma (gammac) subunit of the il-2, il-4, il-7, il-9 and il-15 receptors and has a similar clinical phenotype to human xscid. we have previously shown that the block in t-cell development is more profound in xscid dogs than in genetically engineered gamma c-deficient mice. in this study we evaluated the b-cell function in xscid dogs. in contrast to the marked decrease in peripheral b-cells in gamma c-defic ... | 2000 | 10889304 |
| expression of staphylococcal protein sbi is induced by human igg. | protein sbi is an igg- and beta(2) glycoprotein i-binding protein on the surface of staphylococcus aureus. in most strains, the amount of protein sbi on the cell surface is very low under normal growth conditions. however, here we show that after growth in the presence of human serum, the amount is significantly increased. in s. aureus strain 8325-4, the observed increase is concentration-dependent and the highest level is found approximately 2 h after serum addition. the active molecule in seru ... | 2000 | 10865173 |
| conservation and variation in superantigen structure and activity highlighted by the three-dimensional structures of two new superantigens from streptococcus pyogenes. | bacterial superantigens (sags) are a structurally related group of protein toxins secreted by staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes. they are implicated in a range of human pathologies associated with bacterial infection whose symptoms result from sag-mediated stimulation of a large number (2-20%) of t-cells. at the molecular level, bacterial sags bind to major histocompatability class ii (mhc-ii) molecules and disrupt the normal interaction between mhc-ii and t-cell receptors (tcrs). ... | 2000 | 10860729 |
| microbicidal activity of mdi-p against candida albicans, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and legionella pneumophila. | mdi-p (medical discoveries, inc-pharmaceutical, layton, utah) is a clear, colorless liquid generated by electrolysis of preservative-free and endotoxin-free, nonpyrogenic, sterile, injection saline (0.9% nacl, wt/vol). it contains numerous highly reactive chlorine and oxygen species, including hocl(-1,) ocl-(1), cl(-1), cl(2), o(2-)(1), and o(3). this report presents data on the in vitro microbicidal activity of mdi-p against 4 clinically relevant microbial pathogens that are often difficult to ... | 2000 | 10840346 |
| in vitro resistance of staphylococcus aureus to thrombin-induced platelet microbicidal protein is associated with alterations in cytoplasmic membrane fluidity. | platelet microbicidal proteins (pmps) are small, cationic peptides which possess potent microbicidal activities against common bloodstream pathogens, such as staphylococcus aureus. we previously showed that s. aureus strains exhibiting resistance to thrombin-induced pmp (tpmp-1) in vitro have an enhanced capacity to cause human and experimental endocarditis (t. wu, m. r. yeaman, and a. s. bayer, antimicrob. agents chemother. 38:729-732, 1994; a. s. bayer et al., antimicrob. agents chemother. 42: ... | 2000 | 10816510 |
| beta 2 integrins are involved in cytokine responses to whole gram-positive bacteria. | proinflammatory cytokines have an important pathophysiologic role in septic shock. cd14 is involved in cytokine responses to a number of purified bacterial products, including lps. however, little is known of monocyte receptors involved in cytokine responses to whole bacteria. to identify these receptors, human monocytes were pretreated with different mabs and tnf-alpha was measured in culture supernatants after stimulation with whole heat-killed bacteria. human serum and anti-cd14 abs significa ... | 2000 | 10820267 |
| interleukin 18 and interleukin 1beta production is decreased in hiv type 1-seropositive hemophiliacs but not in hiv type 1-seropositive nonhemophiliacs. | in japan, the proportion of hemophiliacs infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) is 40%, whereas more than 90% are infected with hepatitis c virus (hcv). to evaluate the immunological status of hemophiliacs infected with hiv-1, we investigated the pattern of cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) of hiv-1-seropositive and -seronegative hemophiliacs, hiv-1-seropositive non-hemophiliacs, and healthy individuals. the production of il-18 and il-1beta from ... | 2000 | 10716372 |
| direct quantitative transcript analysis of the agr regulon of staphylococcus aureus during human infection in comparison to the expression profile in vitro. | bacteria possess a repertoire of distinct regulatory systems promoting survival in disparate environments. under in vitro conditions it was demonstrated for the human pathogen staphylococcus aureus that the expression of most virulence factors is coordinated by the global regulator agr. to monitor bacterial gene regulation in the host, we developed a method for direct transcript analysis from clinical specimens. quantification of specific transcripts was performed by competitive reverse transcri ... | 2000 | 10678942 |
| staphylococcal acid phosphatase binds to endothelial cells via charge interaction; a pathogenic role in wegener's granulomatosis? | the majority of patients with wegener's granulomatosis (wg) are chronic nasal carriers of staphylococcus aureus. chronic nasal carriage of s. aureus is associated with an increased risk of developing a relapse of the disease. the mechanism by which this occurs is still unknown. we hypothesized that a cationic protein of s. aureus, staphylococcal acid phosphatase (sacp), acts as a planted antigen and initiates glomerulonephritis and vasculitis in patients with wg. in order to test the hypothesis ... | 2000 | 10691932 |
| t cells activated by zwitterionic molecules prevent abscesses induced by pathogenic bacteria. | immunologic paradigms classify bacterial polysaccharides as t cell-independent antigens. however, these models fail to explain how zwitterionic polysaccharides (zps) confer protection against intraabdominal abscess formation in a t cell-dependent manner. here, we demonstrate that zps elicit a potent cd4+ t cell response in vitro that requires available major histocompatibility complex class ii molecules on antigen-presenting cells. specific chemical modifications to zps show that: 1) the activit ... | 2000 | 10702228 |
| inactivation of the srta gene in streptococcus gordonii inhibits cell wall anchoring of surface proteins and decreases in vitro and in vivo adhesion. | the srta gene product, srta, has been shown to be required for cell wall anchoring of protein a as well as virulence in the pathogenic bacterium staphylococcus aureus. there are five major mechanisms for displaying proteins at the surface of gram-positive bacteria (p. cossart and r. jonquieres, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 97:5013-5015, 2000). however, since many of the known surface proteins of gram-positive bacteria are believed to be exported and anchored via the sortase pathway, it was of inte ... | 2001 | 11119491 |
| biochemical and biological properties of staphylococcal enterotoxin k. | staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen which is implicated in a wide variety of diseases. major determinants of the virulence of this organism include extracellular virulence factors. staphylococcal enterotoxins (ses) are important causative agents in staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome and food poisoning. our study identified a novel enterotoxin, sek, and examined its biochemical and biological properties. sek had a molecular weight of 26,000 and an experimentally determined pi of ... | 2001 | 11119525 |
| epidemic spread of a single clone of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus among injection drug users in zurich, switzerland. | we describe an outbreak of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) among injection drug users (idus). from august 1994 through december 1999, we registered 31 idus with mrsa infections (12 with soft-tissue infection, 7 with pneumonia [fatal in 1], 7 with endocarditis [fatal in 1], 2 with osteomyelitis, 2 with septic arthritis, and 1 with ulcerative tonsillitis), with a marked increase in the number of idus registered during 1998 and 1999. of 31 patients, 15 (48%) were infected with hu ... | 2001 | 11181121 |
| crystal structures of sara, a pleiotropic regulator of virulence genes in s. aureus. | staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen, the potency of which can be attributed to the regulated expression of an impressive array of virulence determinants. a key pleiotropic transcriptional regulator of these virulence factors is sara, which is encoded by the sar (staphylococcal accessory regulator) locus. sara was characterized initially as an activator of a second virulence regulatory locus, agr, through its interaction with a series of heptad repeats (agttaag) within the agr promote ... | 2001 | 11196648 |
| deep wound infection after vagus nerve stimulator implantation: treatment without removal of the device. | effective treatment of deep wound infection without removal of a previously implanted foreign body is difficult. the neurocybernetic prosthesis (ncp) system (cyberonics inc., webster, tx, u.s.a.), implanted for vagus nerve stimulation in patients with medically refractory epilepsy, uses coil-like electrodes placed around the left vagus nerve after exposure of the nerve in the carotid sheath. infection within this compartment endangers the contained structures and makes removal of the system haza ... | 2001 | 11207797 |
| antibacterial effect of the culture fluid of lentinus edodes mycelium grown in submerged liquid culture. | the antimicrobial activity of the culture fluid of lentinus edodes mycelium grown in submerged liquid culture was tested against some common bacterial species and candida albicans. the mycelium-free culture fluid was bacteriostatic against streptococcus pyogenes, staphylococcus aureus and bacillus megaterium. the substance responsible for the activity was heat-stable, could be extracted with chloroform and had a molecular weight under 10000. these characteristics suggested that the component mig ... | 2001 | 11137653 |
| breast milk transmission of a panton-valentine leukocidin-producing staphylococcus aureus strain causing infantile pneumonia. | we report on a 38-day-old infant who developed pleuropneumonia due to a staphylococcus aureus strain responsible for familial furunculosis, which was acquired by maternal breast-feeding. all isolates from the infant and parents were genetically related by randomly amplified polymorphic dna analysis and produced panton-valentine leukocidin. | 2001 | 11158136 |
| molecular cloning and functional characterization of a human scavenger receptor with c-type lectin (srcl), a novel member of a scavenger receptor family. | using a human placenta cdna library, we cloned a novel member belonging to the scavenger receptor family. complementary dna of this clone encodes a type ii transmembranous glycoprotein containing a collagen-like domain, which are typical structural characteristics of scavenger receptor class a. this protein also contains a c-type lectin/carbohydrate recognition domain (c-type crd) located at the c-terminus. we designated this as scavenger receptor with c-type lectin (srcl) type i. we also isolat ... | 2001 | 11162630 |
| influenza pneumonia: a descriptive study. | to describe the clinical features and complications of patients hospitalized with influenza during the 1999-2000 influenza season. | 2001 | 11399696 |
| adherence properties of staphylococcus aureus under static and flow conditions: roles of agr and sar loci, platelets, and plasma ligands. | global regulatory genes in staphylococcus aureus, including agr and sar, are known to regulate the expression of multiple virulence factors, including cell wall adhesins. in the present study, the adherence of s. aureus rn6390 (wild type), rn6911 (agr), alc136 (sar), and alc135 (agr sar) to immobilized fibrinogen, fibronectin, von willebrand factor (vwf), extracellular matrix (ecm), and human endothelial cells (ec) eahy.926 was studied. bacteria grown to postexponential phase were subjected to l ... | 2001 | 11401988 |
| gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria do not trigger monocytic cytokine production through similar intracellular pathways. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are involved in human monocyte activation by lipopolysaccharide (lps) and staphylococcus aureus cowan (sac), suggesting that gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria may trigger similar intracellular events. treatment with specific kinase inhibitors prior to cell stimulation dramatically decreased lps-induced cytokine production. blocking of the p38 pathway prior to lps stimulation decreased interleukin-1alpha (il-1alpha), il-1ra, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-a ... | 2001 | 11402003 |
| superantigen antagonist blocks th1 cytokine gene induction and lethal shock. | bacterial superantigens trigger an excessive, th1-cytokine response leading to toxic shock. we designed a peptide antagonist that inhibits seb-induced expression of human genes for il-2, ifn-gamma, and tnf-beta, cytokines that mediate shock. the peptide antagonist shows homology to a beta-strand-hinge-alpha-helix domain that is conserved structurally in superantigens produced by staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes yet remote from known binding sites for the major histocompatibility ... | 2001 | 11404377 |
| adjunctive rifampin therapy for central nervous system staphylococcal infections. | to review the published clinical data assessing the role of adjunctive rifampin therapy for the treatment of staphylococcal central nervous system (cns) infections. | 2001 | 11408996 |
| potential impact of the vitek 2 system and the advanced expert system on the clinical laboratory of a university-based hospital. | a study was designed to assess the impact of the vitek 2 automated system and the advanced expert system (aes) on the clinical laboratory of a typical university-based hospital. a total of 259 consecutive, nonduplicate isolates of enterobacteriaceae members, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus were collected and tested by the vitek 2 system for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and the results were analyzed by the aes. the results were also analyzed by a huma ... | 2001 | 11427542 |
| crystal structure of a superantigen bound to mhc class ii displays zinc and peptide dependence. | the three-dimensional structure of a bacterial superantigen, staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin h (seh), bound to human major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii (hla-dr1) has been determined by x-ray crystallography to 2.6 a resolution (1hxy). the superantigen binds on top of hla-dr1 in a completely different way from earlier co-crystallized superantigens from s.aureus. seh interacts with high affinity through a zinc ion with the beta1 chain of hla-dr1 and also with the peptide presented b ... | 2001 | 11432818 |
| model systems: modeling human staphylococcal arthritis and sepsis in the mouse. | the staphylococci have been recognized as serious pathogens for over a century and are the etiological agent of a variety of diseases ranging from mild cutaneous infections to often fatal forms of septic arthritis, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome and sepsis. despite intensive efforts to halt their spread, they remain the most common cause of community- and nosocomially acquired bacteremia. murine models of staphylocococus aureus-mediated arthritis and sepsis exist and are being used to gain a ... | 2001 | 11435106 |
| recent developments in staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome. | staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome describes a spectrum of superficial blistering skin disorders caused by the exfoliative toxins of staphylococcus aureus. in its severe form, the exfoliation can spread to cover the entire body surface area. two s. aureus exfoliative toxin serotypes affecting humans have been identified, but their purpose and mechanism of action have remained elusive. based on their interaction with human and mouse epidermis, their three-dimensional structure and site-directed ... | 2001 | 11442563 |
| evolutionary genomics of staphylococcus aureus: insights into the origin of methicillin-resistant strains and the toxic shock syndrome epidemic. | an emerging theme in medical microbiology is that extensive variation exists in gene content among strains of many pathogenic bacterial species. however, this topic has not been investigated on a genome scale with strains recovered from patients with well-defined clinical conditions. staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen and also causes economically important infections in cows and sheep. a dna microarray representing >90% of the s. aureus genome was used to characterize genomic divers ... | 2001 | 11447287 |
| the two-component system arls-arlr is a regulator of virulence gene expression in staphylococcus aureus. | staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that produces many virulence factors in a temporally regulated manner controlled by at least two global virulence regulatory loci (agr and sara). we identified previously a two-component system, arls-arlr, that modifies the activity of extracellular serine protease and may be involved in virulence regulation. here, we show that mutations in either arlr or arls increase the production of secreted proteins [alpha-toxin (hla), beta-haemolysin, lipase, ... | 2001 | 11454217 |
| survey of staphylococcal enterotoxin genes, exfoliative toxin genes, and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 gene in non-staphylococcus aureus species. | the aim of this study was to analyze the presence of staphylococcal exotoxin genes in staphylococci other than staphylococcus aureus. whereas for staphylococcus aureus a large spectrum of different exotoxins responsible for toxin-mediated diseases has been described, only few and conflicting data are available regarding toxin production in all other staphylococcal species. a collection of clinical non-staphylococcus aureus staphylococcal isolates were systematically screened for the presence of ... | 2001 | 11476441 |
| enterotoxin production and dna fingerprinting in staphylococcus aureus isolated from human and food samples. relations between genetic types and enterotoxins. | a total of 224 staphylococcus aureus strains from human carriers (110 strains) and manually handled foods (114 strains) collected in the principality of asturias, spain over 1995-1999 were analysed for the production of enterotoxins (ses) a, b, c, and d by a reversed passive latex agglutination test and by amplification of ent genes (a, b, c, d, e, and j) using pcr. sixty-two strains were enterotoxigenic and a good relation between detection of ses and their ent genes was found. no strain carrie ... | 2001 | 11482562 |
| staphylococcus aureus resistance to human defensins and evasion of neutrophil killing via the novel virulence factor mprf is based on modification of membrane lipids with l-lysine. | defensins, antimicrobial peptides of the innate immune system, protect human mucosal epithelia and skin against microbial infections and are produced in large amounts by neutrophils. the bacterial pathogen staphylococcus aureus is insensitive to defensins by virtue of an unknown resistance mechanism. we describe a novel staphylococcal gene, mprf, which determines resistance to several host defense peptides such as defensins and protegrins. an mprf mutant strain was killed considerably faster by ... | 2001 | 11342591 |
| csf oligoclonal bands in ms include antibodies against chlamydophila antigens. | considerable evidence suggests the role of an infectious agent in ms. the presence of chlamydophila pneumoniae in csf from patients with ms was shown earlier; to further examine this association the reactivity of the oligoclonal antibody response in the csf of patients with ms to c pneumoniae antigens was determined and compared with other antigens. | 2001 | 11342681 |
| bone marrow-derived macrophages grown in gm-csf or m-csf differ in their ability to produce il-12 and to induce ifn-gamma production after stimulation with trypanosoma cruzi antigens. | trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of chagas' disease in man. control of parasitism at the beginning of experimental infection depends on cytokine-activated macrophages that synthesize nitric oxide (no). we investigated macrophage populations derived in the presence of m-csf (m-mø) or gm-csf (gm-mø) regarding their ability to control intracellular parasitism by t. cruzi and to synthesize il-12 and no. both macrophage populations supported intracellular multiplication of the parasite; whe ... | 2001 | 11348667 |
| acute gastric dilatation accompanied by diabetes mellitus. | a 72-year-old man with diabetic triopathy was hospitalized with methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. six hours after the admission, his abdomen was fully expanded. an abdominal x-ray showed gastric dilatation. after insertion of a gastric tube to extract gastric air, his abdomen was flat and gastric dilatation improved. a positive schellong test and decreased coefficient of rr interval in electrocardiogram variation indicated autonomic neuropathy, which may explain the reason f ... | 2001 | 11334392 |
| cutaneous leucocytoclastic vasculitis associated with oxacillin. | a 67-year-old man who was treated with oxacillin for one week because of staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, developed renal failure and diffuse, symmetric, palpable purpuric lesions on his feet. necrotic blisters were noted on his fingers. skin biopsies showed findings diagnostic of leucocytoclastic vasculitis. oxacillin was discontinued and patient was treated with corticosteroids. the rash disappeared after three weeks and renal function returned to normal. leucocytoclastic vasculitis presents ... | 2001 | 11337188 |
| 99mtc-labeled antimicrobial peptides for detection of bacterial and candida albicans infections. | this study compared the possibilities and limitations of 99mtc-labeled synthetic peptides derived from two human antimicrobial peptides, namely, ubiquicidin (ubi) and lactoferrin (hlf), for the scintigraphic detection of bacterial and fungal infections in mice and rabbits. the rationale of our approach was that selected peptides accumulate in infected areas but not in sterile inflammatory lesions, because they bind preferentially to microorganisms. 99mtc-labeled human neutrophil peptides (defens ... | 2001 | 11337578 |
| comparative in vitro and in vivo activity of the c-8 methoxy quinolone moxifloxacin and the c-8 chlorine quinolone bay y 3118. | the c-8 methoxy quinolone moxifloxacin is highly bactericidal against wild-type and first-step gyrase- and topoisomerase iv-resistant mutants. this finding led to the hypothesis that the c-8 methoxy group may lower the propensity for resistance development compared with quinolones possessing different substituents at the c-8 position. therefore, resistance development of the c-8 methoxy quinolone moxifloxacin was compared with that of its structural analogue bay y 3118 (chlorine moiety at the c- ... | 2001 | 11249824 |
| comparison of methods for the determination of antimicrobial resistance in staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis. | the results of three standard methods (broth dilution, agar dilution, disk diffusion) and an experimental modification of the microdilution method for determination of resistance to ampicillin, cephalotin, cloxacillin, neomycin, novobiocin, penicillin and streptomycin were compared using 151 staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from cases of mastitis. the accuracy of the dilution methods was compared by determination of minimum inhibition concentrations (mic, mic50, mic90 and modal mic) and b ... | 2001 | 11254096 |
| methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis. | a 50-year-old man had uneventful bilateral laser in situ keratomileusis (lasik) for moderate myopia (-4.50 diopters sphere, both eyes). twelve days postoperatively, he developed unilateral bacterial keratitis. cultures revealed methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. the antibiotic regimen was adjusted, and he regained an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 and a best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (bscva) of 20/15. bacterial keratitis after lasik is a rare occurrence. aggressive use of c ... | 2001 | 11255063 |
| suppression of superantigen-induced lung injury and vasculitis by preadministration of human urinary trypsin inhibitor. | we examined whether the lung injury produced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of the superantigen, staphylococcal enterotoxin b (seb), could be inhibited by intravenous preadministration of human urinary trypsin inhibitor (uti), which exhibits multipotent inhibitory effects on serine proteinases such as plasmin, chymotrypsin, or human leukocyte elastase or cathepsin g, since preliminary experiments showed the ability of uti to bind lipopolysaccharides and bacterial toxins. for ligand blottin ... | 2001 | 11264657 |
| [age determination using peptide mapping of non-collagenous proteins in human dentin]. | the submitted paper deals with possibilities of assessment of human age based on findings of stereospecific breakdown of proteins containing d-forms of aspartic acid. the stereospecificity of enzymatic breakdown assumes that after enzymatic hydrolysis peptide breakdown products with different molecular weights--the so-called peptide map--will be formed, depending how many d-aspartyl residues the protein contains. the authors proved in the submitted preliminary study in subjects of different age ... | 2001 | 11269023 |
| thermodynamic stability and functional activity of tumor-associated antibodies. | tumor-associated antibodies of human igg1 subclass were eluted from cell-surface antigens of human carcinoma cells and studied by differential scanning calorimetry and binding to local conformational probes, protein a from staphylococcus aureus and a monoclonal antibody targeted to the ch2 domain of the fc fragment. at ph 2.0-7.0, we observed virtually identical enthalpies of thermal unfolding for igg1 from normal human sera and tumor-associated igg1. the exact values of calorimetric enthalpy (d ... | 2001 | 11240389 |
| the mechanism of a bacterial plasminogen activator intermediate between streptokinase and staphylokinase. | the therapeutic properties of plasminogen activators are dictated by their mechanism of action. unlike staphylokinase, a single domain protein, streptokinase, a 3-domain (alpha, beta, and gamma) molecule, nonproteolytically activates human (h)-plasminogen and protects plasmin from inactivation by alpha(2)-antiplasmin. because a streptokinase-like mechanism was hypothesized to require the streptokinase gamma-domain, we examined the mechanism of action of a novel two-domain (alpha,beta) streptococ ... | 2001 | 11278483 |
| synergistic interactions between mammalian antimicrobial defense peptides. | a single animal can express several cationic antimicrobial peptides with different sequences and structures. we demonstrate that mammalian peptides from different structural classes frequently show synergy with each other and selectively show synergy with human lysozyme. | 2001 | 11302828 |
| trem-1 amplifies inflammation and is a crucial mediator of septic shock. | host innate responses to bacterial infections are primarily mediated by neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages. these cells express pattern recognition receptors (prrs) that bind conserved molecular structures shared by groups of microorganisms. stimulation of prr signalling pathways initiates secretion of proinflammatory mediators, which promote the elimination of infectious agents and the induction of tissue repair. excessive inflammation owing to bacterial infections can lead to tissue damage ... | 2001 | 11323674 |
| monocytes augment bacterial species- and strain-dependent induction of tissue factor activity in bacterium-infected human vascular endothelial cells. | in bacterial endocarditis (be), intravascular infection with staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus sanguis, or staphylococcus epidermidis can lead to formation of a fibrin clot on the inner surface of the heart and cause heart dysfunction. the events that start the coagulation in the early stage of the disease are largely unknown. we have recently shown that human endothelial cells (ec) upon binding and internalization of s. aureus, but not s. sanguis or s. epidermidis, express tissue factor (tf) ... | 2001 | 11292691 |
| production of il-12 by human monocyte-derived dendritic cells is optimal when the stimulus is given at the onset of maturation, and is further enhanced by il-4. | dendritic cells produce il-12 both in response to microbial stimuli and to t cells, and can thus skew t cell reactivity toward a th1 pattern. we investigated the capacity of dendritic cells to elaborate il-12 with special regard to their state of maturation, different maturation stimuli, and its regulation by th1/th2-influencing cytokines. monocyte-derived dendritic cells were generated with gm-csf and il-4 for 7 days, followed by another 3 days +/- monocyte-conditioned media, yielding mature (c ... | 2001 | 11123347 |
| a study on staphylococcus aureus strains submitted to a reference laboratory. | staphylococcus aureus is regarded as one of the most devastating human pathogens. recently there have been reports of increasing incidence of s. aureus strains resistant to methicillin (mrsa). a surveillance study was undertaken to record the occurrence of mrsa and to study the prevalence of various phage groups in india. | 2001 | 11873403 |
| broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of hemoglobin. | while hemoglobin is one of the most well characterized proteins due to its function in oxygen transport, few additional properties of hemoglobin have been described. while screening serum samples for novel antimicrobial factors, it was found that intact hemoglobin tetramers, including that from human, exhibited considerable activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. to further characterize this surprising activity, the antimicrobial potency of sections of human hemoglo ... | 2001 | 11249130 |
| heat-killed microorganisms induce pai-1 expression in human peritoneal mesothelial cells: role of interleukin-1alpha. | human peritoneal mesothelial cells (hmcs) have a critical role in maintaining the intraperitoneal balance between fibrinolysis and coagulation by expressing the fibrinolytic enzyme, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tpa), as well as a specific plasminogen activator inhibitor (type 1; pai-1). during bacterial peritonitis, the balance between intraperitoneal generation and degradation of fibrin is disturbed. as a consequence, severe peritoneal damage occurs, which is one of the leading causes of ... | 2001 | 11273882 |
| [the effect of lactate-buffered peritoneal dialysis fluid in human peritoneal mesothelial cells function]. | to investigate the effect of lactate-buffered peritoneal dialysis fluid (l-pdf) on human peritoneal mesothelial cells (hpmc) function. | 2001 | 11798616 |
| sequence of the 50-kb conjugative multiresistance plasmid pre25 from enterococcus faecalis re25. | the complete 50,237-bp dna sequence of the conjugative and mobilizing multiresistance plasmid pre25 from enterococcus faecalis re25 was determined. the plasmid had 58 putative open reading frames, 5 of which encode resistance to 12 antimicrobials. chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and the 23s rna methylase are identical to gene products of the broad-host-range plasmid pip501 from streptococcus agalactiae. in addition, a 30.5-kb segment is almost identical to pip501. genes encoding an aminoglycos ... | 2001 | 11735367 |
| lactoferrin, amylase and mucin muc5b and their relation to the oral microflora in hyposalivation of different origins. | there are several reasons for hyposalivation, each affecting the salivary composition in different ways. the aim of this study was to analyze and compare lactoferrin, amylase and mucin muc5b in stimulated whole saliva collected from subjects with hyposalivation of different origins and to relate the results to the presence of some microbial species associated with oral disorders. albumin was determined as a marker of serum leakage. the characteristic feature for subjects with radiation-induced h ... | 2001 | 11737657 |
| expression of human beta-defensin-1 promotes differentiation of keratinocytes. | epithelial cells have been shown to express the antibiotic peptides human beta-defensins-1 and 2. while beta-defensin-2 is known to be up-regulated by bacterial factors and proinflammatory mediators, the expression of beta-defensin-1 does not appear to be affected by these mediators. to determine the regulation and function of beta-defensin-1 we analyzed its expression upon stimulation of inflammatory mediators in vitro and ex vivo. in immortalized human cell lines (hacat) and nasal polyps beta- ... | 2001 | 11485020 |
| subsets of human dendritic cell precursors express different toll-like receptors and respond to different microbial antigens. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are ancient microbial pattern recognition receptors highly conserved from drosophila to humans. to investigate if subsets of human dendritic cell precursors (pre-dc), including monocytes (pre-dc1), plasmacytoid dc precursors (pre-dc2), and cd11c(+) immature dcs (imdcs) are developed to recognize different microbes or microbial antigens, we studied their tlr expression and responses to microbial antigens. we demonstrate that whereas monocytes preferentially express tlr ... | 2001 | 11561001 |
| synthesis and antibacterial study of unsaturated mannich ketones. | several mannich ketones of 2-arylmethylenecycloalkanones were synthesised using the classical acid-catalysed mannich reaction. antibacterial activity of these new water-soluble compounds was reported against pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus saprophyticus, micrococcus luteus and bacillus subtilis standard strains. human cell line cytotoxicity of our new compounds was evaluated against hela cell lines. some compounds showed low cytotoxicity (41.52 nm ... | 2001 | 11672880 |
| treatment of acrodermatitis continua of hallopeau with oral propylthiouracil and methotrexate. | a 71-year-old man with acrodermatitis continua of hallopeau was treated successfully with a combination of oral propylthiouracil and methotrexate. after 14 weeks, he developed acute pancytopenia, an uncommon idiosyncratic side-effect of propylthiouracil, and presented with a life-threatening methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. this illustrates the potential value and associated risks of propylthiouracil in the management of this difficult condition. | 2001 | 11722449 |
| enterotoxigenic potential of staphylococcus intermedius. | staphylococcal food poisoning (sfp) caused by enterotoxigenic staphylococci is one of the main food-borne diseases. in contrast to staphylococcus aureus, a systematic screening for the enterotoxins has not yet been performed on the genomic level for the coagulase-positive species s. intermedius. therefore, the enterotoxigenic potential of 281 different veterinary (canine, n = 247; equine, n = 23; feline, n = 9; other, n = 2) and 11 human isolates of s. intermedius was tested by using a multiplex ... | 2001 | 11722906 |
| methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus sepsis associated with the transfusion of contaminated platelets: a case report. | platelet transfusion-associated sepsis is usually due to donor skin flora introduced into the unit during phlebotomy. an unusual case of a platelet component contaminated with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is reported. | 2001 | 11724990 |
| [drug-induced pneumonitis caused by sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim]. | a 33-year-old man was treated with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (smt-tmp) for an infection in the cervical vertebrae by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). two weeks later a fever of 39 degrees c appeared, and a productive cough, hemosputum, and dyspnea developed a further three weeks later. chest radiographs showed bilateral ground-glass opacity. cell differentiation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) revealed increases of lymphocytes and eosinophils, and the cd4/cd8 ratio ... | 2001 | 11729685 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of azole derivatives, analogues of bifonazole, with a phenylisoxazolyl or phenylpyrimidinyl moiety. | a series of azole derivatives, isoxazole or pyrimidine analogues of the antifungal drug bifonazole, were synthesized and tested in vitro against representative human pathogenic fungi (candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans and aspergillus fumigatus). they were also evaluated as antibacterial agents against staphylococcus aureus and salmonella spp. only 5-(imidazol-1-yl-phenylmethyl)-2,4-diphenyl-pyrimidine 7c showed weak antimicrobial activity (mic = 66 microm) against c. albicans, c. neoform ... | 2001 | 11680806 |
| multiplex pcr for simultaneous identification of staphylococcus aureus and detection of methicillin and mupirocin resistance. | in this work, we describe a multiplex pcr assay for the detection of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes harbored by some staphylococcus aureus isolates and for the simultaneous identification of such isolates at the species level. conditions were optimized for the simultaneous detection of the 310-, 456-, and 651-bp regions of the meca (encoding high-level methicillin resistance), iles-2 (encoding high-level mupirocin resistance), and femb (encoding a factor essential for methicilli ... | 2001 | 11682527 |
| antibacterial effect of human v gamma 2v delta 2 t cells in vivo. | v gamma 2v delta 2 cells, a class of t cells found only in primates, are reactive to nonpeptide organophosphate and alkylamine antigens secreted by bacteria and parasites. these cells make up 2-5% percent of human peripheral blood t cells but expand to make up 8-60% of peripheral blood t cells during bacterial and parasitic infections. we show here, using a chimeric severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mouse (hu-scid) model, that human v gamma 2v delta 2 t cells mediate resistance to extracel ... | 2001 | 11696580 |
| environmental and body contamination through aerosols produced by high-speed cutters in lumbar spine surgery. | a cadaver study to evaluate contamination in the operating room through the use of a high-speed bone cutter. | 2001 | 11698896 |
| filarial antigens impair the function of human dendritic cells during differentiation. | the antigen-specific t-cell unresponsiveness seen in lymphatic filariasis is mediated, in part, by diminished antigen-presenting cell function and is most specific for microfilariae (mf), the parasite stage found in large numbers in the peripheral circulation. we investigated the effect of mf antigen (mfag) on dendritic cells (dc) in both their differentiation process from monocyte precursors and also after they have developed into dc. when mfag was added to cultures of monocytes during their di ... | 2001 | 11500459 |
| venous access port--related bacteremia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or cancer: the reservoir as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. | to describe the rate of response to an antibiotic-lock technique (alt) in the treatment of venous access port (vap)--related bacteremia and to analyze the role of the reservoir in the persistence of infection, we reported the data from 12 human immunodeficiency virus--infected and 8 oncologic patients with vap-related bacteremia. the alt consisted of intracatheter delivery of antibiotics and was associated with a systemic antibiotic infusion. we monitored clinical manifestations and performed qu ... | 2001 | 11360220 |
| antiviral and antimicrobial activities of colombian medicinal plants. | strong antiviral and antimicrobial activities were detected in methanolic extracts of 24 plants used medicinally in the treatment of skin infections in four different regions of colombia. thirteen extracts displayed activity against herpes simplex virus (hsv) whereas none was active against poliovirus. the antiviral activity was indicated by a total inhibition of viral cytopathic effects (cpe) at a non-cytotoxic concentration of the extract. the most potent extract was obtained from byrsonima ve ... | 2001 | 11535363 |
| a simple model host for identifying gram-positive virulence factors. | we demonstrate the use of the nematode caenorhabditis elegans as a facile and inexpensive model host for several gram-positive human bacterial pathogens. enterococcus faecalis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and staphylococcus aureus, but not bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecium, or streptococcus pyogenes, kill adult c. elegans. focusing our studies on the enterococcal species, we found that both e. faecalis and e. faecium kill c. elegans eggs and hatchlings, although only e. faecalis kills the ad ... | 2001 | 11535834 |
| characterization of a novel proapoptotic caspase-2- and caspase-9-binding protein. | caspases play important roles in regulating apoptotic signaling pathways. here we report the cloning, by the yeast two hybrid system with dominant negative caspase-2 as "bait," of a proapoptotic molecule named proapoptotic caspase adaptor protein (pacap), encoded by a 372-base pair open reading frame. binding of this novel protein to caspase-2 (casp-2) was confirmed in yeast two hybrid, in vitro, and in vivo assays. the deduced amino acid sequence revealed homology to functional motifs, includin ... | 2001 | 11350957 |
| cystic fibrosis pathogens activate ca2+-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in airway epithelial cells. | much of the pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis is associated with polymorphonuclear leukocyte-dominated airway inflammation caused by bacterial infection. respiratory epithelial cells express the polymorphonuclear chemokine interleukin-8 (il-8) in response to ligation of asialylated glycolipid receptors, which are increased on damaged or regenerating cells and those with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mutations. because both pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus ... | 2001 | 11278360 |
| fibronectin binding protein a of staphylococcus aureus can mediate human t lymphocyte adhesion and coactivation. | the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin (fn) mediates the adhesion of bacteria as well as t lymphocytes. mammalian cells express integrins alpha(4)beta(1) and alpha(5)beta(1) as the major fn-binding cell surface receptors. bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus, also express fn-binding receptors that are important for adherence to host tissue and initiation of infection. the s. aureus fn-binding protein, fnbpa, has been previously identified, and recombinant proteins that correspond to dist ... | 2001 | 11290795 |
| oral clearance and pathogenic oropharyngeal colonization in the elderly. | the elderly have an increased incidence of oropharyngeal colonization with respiratory pathogens, a well-known risk factor for the development of pneumonia. changes in the oral milieu may occur secondary to decreased salivary production and abnormalities in swallowing. these abnormalities, common in the elderly, may result in impaired clearance of organisms, allowing pathogenic colonization. to test this hypothesis, we performed a prospective cross-sectional analysis of 75 elderly institutionali ... | 2001 | 11500351 |
| human milk anti-inflammatory component contents during acute mastitis. | mastitis is a common complication of human lactation. we examined milk specimens from eight women with clinical mastitis to determine their content of anti-inflammatory components. antioxidant activity (spontaneous cytochrome c reducing activity), selected pro-inflammatory cytokines (il-6, il-1beta), selected endogenous cytokine control molecules (sil-6r, sil-1rii, and stnfri), lactoferrin, na(+):k(+) ratios, and milk bioactivities that cause shedding of sil-1rii from human polymorphonuclear leu ... | 2001 | 11520075 |
| hematogenous cervical spondylodiscitis after severe burn injury. | a 47-year-old man sustained a 31% tbsa burn injury. in spite of early escharectomy and mesh-graft-transplantation the patient suffered a septicaemic phase in the first week, which was treated by a specific antibiotic. five weeks after the burn injury a cervical spondylodiscitis was diagnosed. immediate wound debridement, ventral and dorsal spondylodesis with a tricortical bone-graft from the left iliac crest and titanium plates and specific antibiotic therapy led to the stabilization and healing ... | 2001 | 11718988 |
| dissecting folliculitis of the scalp with marginal keratitis. | we describe a young man with dissecting folliculitis of the scalp, who subsequently developed marginal keratitis. we are unaware of any previous reports of this association. the aetiology of dissecting folliculitis is thought to relate to abnormal follicular occlusion with subsequent suppuration, although an infective process has never been established. marginal keratitis is postulated, but not proven, to be caused by an enhanced immune response to staphylococcus aureus antigens. we suggest that ... | 2001 | 11678871 |
| molecular cloning and biochemical characterisation of proteases from staphylococcus epidermidis. | we report the complete coding sequence and the partial amino acid sequence (determined by chemical sequencing) of staphylococcus epidermidis extracellular cysteine (ecp) and serine (esp) proteases. the first enzyme shows an extended sequence similarity to staphylococcus aureus cysteine protease (staphopain) and the second one resembles the serine protease produced by that species. the region directly upstream of the sequence coding for the mature protein in both enzymes displays significant homo ... | 2001 | 11767947 |
| disinfection efficacy of contact lens care solutions against ocular pathogens. | three commercially available products labeled as multi-purpose contact lens solutions, one multi-purpose disinfecting solution, and a hydrogen peroxide system were evaluated for antimicrobial activity according to the current international organization for standardization (iso) and the u.s. food and drug administration (fda) stand-alone procedure for disinfecting products. one multi-purpose solution was selected to assess its antimicrobial activity against two human corneal isolates of pseudomon ... | 2001 | 11215601 |
| clumping factor a mediates binding of staphylococcus aureus to human platelets. | the direct binding of bacteria to platelets may be an important virulence mechanism in the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis. we have previously described staphylococcus aureus strain ps12, a tn551-derived mutant of strain isp479, with reduced ability to bind human platelets in vitro. when tested in an animal model of endocarditis, the ps12 strain was less virulent than its parental strain, as measured by bacterial densities in endocardial vegetations and incidence of systemic embolization. ... | 2001 | 11292731 |
| effect of pinealectomy on immune parameters in rats with staphylococcus aureus infection. | it is generally accepted that the pineal gland is a neuroendocrine organ. several recent experiments have shown that the pineal gland has functional and anatomical connections, particularly with the immune system, and therefore the gland is now recognized as an important immunoneuroendocrine organ in both man and animals. the present study investigates the effect of pinealectomy on some immune parameters, including hematological alterations, and the response of the brain tissue against infection ... | 2001 | 11339464 |
| effects of helichrysum italicum extract on growth and enzymatic activity of staphylococcus aureus. | helichrysum italicum g. don (compositae) is a shrub commonly found in dry, sandy and stony areas of mediterranean regions. this plant is known for its anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and antimicrobial activity. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the diethyl ether extract on growth of staphylococcus aureus (atcc 6538p, mrsa and mssa isolates) and the influence of subminimum inhibitory concentrations (submics) on some enzymes which are considered virulence factors. the results in ... | 2001 | 11397624 |
| common infections in older adults. | infectious diseases account for one third of all deaths in people 65 years and older. early detection is more difficult in the elderly because the typical signs and symptoms, such as fever and leukocytosis, are frequently absent. a change in mental status or decline in function may be the only presenting problem in an older patient with an infection. an estimated 90 percent of deaths resulting from pneumonia occur in people 65 years and older. mortality resulting from influenza also occurs prima ... | 2001 | 11201692 |
| the combination of the sh metabolite of erdosteine (a mucoactive drug) and ciprofloxacin increases the inhibition of bacterial adhesiveness achieved by ciprofloxacin alone. | exposure to ciprofloxacin and other fluoroquinolone antibiotics at less than minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) reduces the production of some of the factors that contribute to bacterial virulence, particularly bacterial adhesiveness. once metabolized, erdosteine (a mucoactive drug) produces an active metabolite (met i) with a reducing sulfhydryl group that is capable of opening the disulfide bonds present in tracheobronchial mucins and pilins, a protein of bacterial fimbriae (adhesins). t ... | 2002 | 12224380 |
| telomere maintenance in human b lymphocytes. | telomere shortening has been causally linked to replicative senescence in human cells. to characterize telomere-length heterogeneity in peripheral blood cells of normal individuals, we analysed the mean length of telomeric repeat sequences in subpopulations of peripheral blood leucocytes, using fluorescence in situ hybridization and flow cytometry (flow-fish). although the telomere length of most haematopoietic subsets was within the same range, the mean telomere length was found to be 15% highe ... | 2002 | 12437664 |
| increased expression of clumping factor and fibronectin-binding proteins by hemb mutants of staphylococcus aureus expressing small colony variant phenotypes. | small colony variants (scvs) of staphylococcus aureus are slow-growing subpopulations that cause persistent and relapsing infections. the altered phenotype of scv can arise from defects in menadione or hemin biosynthesis, which disrupt the electron transport chain and decrease atp concentrations. with scvs, virulence is altered by a decrease in exotoxin production and susceptibility to various antibiotics, allowing their intracellular survival. the expression of bacterial adhesins by scvs is poo ... | 2002 | 12228267 |
| human neutrophil oxidative bursts and their in vitro modulation by different n-acetylcysteine concentrations. | reactive oxygen species released by activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes as an expression of their defensive function are considered to be a major source of the cytotoxic oxidant stress, that triggers a self-sustaining phlogogenic loop in the respiratory system. n-acetylcysteine (cas 616-91-1, nac), a known mucolytic drug, possesses also antioxidant properties, but it undergoes a rapid and extensive first-pass metabolism resulting in low tissue availability. thus to further improve the nac bio ... | 2002 | 12404881 |
| surfactant wound irrigation for the treatment of staphylococcal clinical isolates. | deep wound infection involving an implanted biomaterial is a devastating complication in orthopaedic surgery. two-thirds of such infections are monomicrobial and the most commonly isolated bacteria in human osteomyelitis and orthopaedic device infection are staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis. the purpose of the current study was to examine the effectiveness of the previously reported sequential surfactant irrigation protocol against human-isolated clinical strains of staphyloco ... | 2002 | 12360010 |
| chlorpromazine has intracellular killing activity against phagocytosed staphylococcus aureus at clinical concentrations. | chlorpromazine (cpz) has in vitro antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus at concentrations that greatly exceed those achieved clinically. it is concentrated by tissues that are rich in macrophages and it is active against phagocytosed mycobacteria when the concentration in the medium is compatible with that achieved clinically. in this report we show that nontoxic concentrations of cpz below clinical levels have killing activity against s. aureus phagocytosed by human monocyte-deri ... | 2002 | 12373485 |
| host-pathogen interactions: leukocyte phagocytosis and associated sequelae. | polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) are a critical component of the human innate immune response and are the first line of defense against invading microorganisms. phagocytosis of invading microbes induces production of reactive oxygen species (ros) by pmns, which facilitates bactericidal activity. in addition to eliminating microorganisms, phagocytosis also accelerates pmn apoptosis, a process critical for resolution of inflammation. inasmuch as leukocyte phagocytosis and ros production are key ... | 2002 | 12815296 |
| the bactericidal and cytotoxic effects of antimicrobial wound cleansers. | objective: wound care is a part of daily activity for many athletic trainers. knowing which cleansers are effective against the bacteria that most commonly cause infection and whether they are toxic to healthy cells enables athletic trainers to make educated decisions on which cleanser to use. we compared the bactericidal effectiveness and cytotoxicity to human fibroblast cells of 4 cleansers at various dilutions. design and setting: a 4 x 4 factorial design was used for the cytotoxicity testing ... | 2002 | 12937444 |
| [application of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) to methicillin-resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus from humans and domestic animals]. | the aim of the research was to isolate and to identify the methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) strains from cattle and human and to determine their genetic relatedness comparing the dna restriction patterns. | 2002 | 12700438 |