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1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 and its tx527 analog inhibit the growth of endothelial cells transformed by kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus g protein-coupled receptor in vitro and in vivo.the kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus-g protein-coupled receptor is a key molecule in the pathogenesis of kaposi sarcoma, playing a central role in promoting vascular endothelial growth factor-driven angiogenesis and spindle cell proliferation. we studied the effects of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin d(3) [1 alpha,25(oh)(2)d(3)] and the analog tx527 on the proliferation of endothelial cells (svecs) and svecs transformed by the viral g protein-coupled receptor (svec-vgpcr). 1 alpha,25(oh)(2)d(3 ...201019915163
is human herpesvirus-8 transmitted by transfusion?studies of human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8) transmission through transfusion have produced contradictory results. in north america-a region with a low prevalence of hhv-8 infection-3 studies that tested specimens from linked positive-donor/negative-recipient pairs collected before the introduction of white blood cell (wbc) reduction and the extension of red blood cell (rbc) storage found no case of transmission of hhv-8 to 151 transfusion recipients who were hhv-8-seronegative before the transfusion ...201019962570
inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors in childhood: a report from the italian cooperative group studies.inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (imts) are myofibroblastic lesions with unpredictable biologic behavior that occur at a young age. for this report, the authors investigated clinicopathologic features in a series of pediatric imts. the objective of the study was to identify morphologic or immunohistochemical prognostic markers and the possible pathogenic role of human herpes virus 8 (hhv-8).201019852031
inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-akt pathway enhances gamma-2 herpesvirus lytic replication and facilitates reactivation from latency.cellular signalling pathways are critical in regulating the balance between latency and lytic replication of herpesviruses. here, we investigated the effect of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k)-akt pathway on replication of two gamma-2 herpesviruses, murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (mhv-68) and human herpesvirus-8/kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (hhv-8/kshv). we found that de novo infection of mhv-68 induced pi3k-dependent akt activation and the lytic replication of mhv-68 was enhanced ...201019864499
c-kit (cd117) expression in classic kaposi's sarcoma.kaposi's sarcoma is a multicentric, low-grade, vascular neoplasia. human herpesvirus 8 is associated with all epidemiological forms of ks and has been shown in vitro to induce the tyrosine receptor kinase c-kit in infected cells.201019874361
in-depth analysis of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus microrna expression provides insights into the mammalian microrna-processing machinery.we have used deep sequencing to analyze the pattern of viral microrna (mirna) expression observed in the b-cell line bc-3, which is latently infected with kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv). we recovered 14.6 x 10(6) total mirna cdna reads, of which a remarkable 92% were of kshv origin. we detected 11 kshv mirnas as well as all 11 predicted mirna or passenger strands from the mirna duplex intermediate. one previously reported kshv mirna, mir-k9, was found to be mutationally inactivat ...201019889781
follicular dendritic cells in multicentric castleman disease present human herpes virus type 8 (hhv8)-latent nuclear antigen 1 (lana1) in a proportion of cases and is associated with an enhanced t-cell response.multicentric castleman disease (mcd) is a rare human herpes virus type 8 (hhv8)-associated lymphoproliferative disorder that occurs more frequently in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). in tissue samples, hhv8-infected plasmablasts localise to the mantle zones of the lymphoid follicles. we revisited the immunohistological features in 25 lymph node (ln) and three spleen samples of mcd. in five (20%) ln and one (33%) spleen sample, hhv8 latent nuclear antigen 1 (lana1) stai ...201019799625
predictors of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome-associated with kaposi sarcoma in mozambique: a prospective study.the impact and relevance of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome-associated with kaposi sarcoma (iris-ks) has not been assessed in sub-saharan african countries, where the bulk of hiv-1 and ks-associated herpesvirus (kshv) coinfection occurs. understanding the risk factors for developing iris-ks would aid in the identification and in the improvement of clinical management for high-risk patients.201019801945
electrochemotherapy-induced virus disappearance in hhv-8-positive skin nodules of kaposi sarcoma: first histological and immunohistochemical demonstration of efficacy. 201019778362
laryngeal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors: different clinical appearance and histomorphologic presentation of one entity.inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (imfts) of the larynx are rare. we report the clinical presentation, histomorphology, and new molecular findings of 2 cases.201019787794
prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 and hepatitis c virus in a rural community with a high risk for blood-borne infections in central china.illegal blood donation in the past decade has caused human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) outbreaks in some rural areas in china. other hiv-associated virus infections, such as those caused by human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8), in such areas are still not well defined. in order to explore hhv8 and hepatitis c virus (hcv) seroprevalence and potential risk factors in such areas, a cross-sectional study with 305 hiv-positive and 315 hiv-negative subjects recruited from a rural county in shanxi province was ...201120545961
kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-induced angiogenin plays roles in latency via the phospholipase c gamma pathway: blocking angiogenin inhibits latent gene expression and induces the lytic cycle.during de novo infection of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (hmvec-d), kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) induced the multifunctional angiogenin (ang) protein, which entered the nuclei and nucleoli of infected cells and stimulated 45s rrna gene transcription, proliferation, and tube formation, which were inhibited by blocking ang nuclear translocation with the antibiotic neomycin (s. sadagopan et al., j. virol. 83:3342-3364, 2009). ang was induced by kshv latency protein ...201121209106
a human herpesvirus mirna attenuates interferon signaling and contributes to maintenance of viral latency by targeting ikkε.type i interferon (ifn) signaling is the principal response mediating antiviral innate immunity. ifn transcription is dependent upon the activation of transcription factors irf3/irf7 and nf-κb. many viral proteins have been shown as being capable of interfering with ifn signaling to facilitate evasion from the host innate immune response. here, we report that a viral mirna, mir-k12-11, encoded by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is critical for the modulation of ifn signaling and a ...201121221132
kaposi sarcoma and quinine: a potentially overlooked triggering factor in millions of africans.kaposi sarcoma (ks)-associated herpesvirus, also known as human herpesvirus 8, is necessary but not sufficient for the development of ks. lytic reactivation of human herpesvirus 8 may be important in ks pathogenesis. ks and its causative agent, ks-associated herpesvirus, have distinctive largely unexplained geographic distributions. we note the recent "oncoweed" hypothesis of biologic plants in the environment accounting for this reactivation. we believe that quinine and its derivatives might be ...201121238829
mir-k12-7-5p encoded by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus stabilizes the latent state by targeting viral orf50/rta.seventeen mirnas encoded by kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) have been identified and their functions have begun to be characterized. among these mirnas, we report here that mir-k12-7 directly targets the replication and transcription activator (rta) encoded by open reading frame 50. we found that mir-k12-7 targeted the rta 3' untranslated region (rta3'utr) in a seed sequence-dependent manner. mir-k12-7-5p derived from mir-k12-7 mediates the inhibition of rta expression, and the mu ...201121283761
interaction of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus orf59 with orilyt is dependent on binding with k-rta.kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv)/human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8) displays two distinct life stages, latency and lytic reactivation. progression through the lytic cycle and replication of the viral genome constitute an essential step toward the production of infectious virus and human disease. kshv k-rta has been shown to be the major transactivator required for the initiation of lytic reactivation. in the transient-cotransfection replication assay, k-rta is the only noncore protein req ...201121289111
do fewer cases of kaposi's sarcoma in hiv-infected patients reflect a decrease in hhv8 seroprevalence?infection with human herpes virus 8 (hhv8) is associated with development of kaposi's sarcoma (ks); therefore also known as ks-associated herpes virus. ks is closely associated with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, and consequently hhv8 seroprevalence is higher in hiv-infected compared to hiv-negative patients. currently, ks is rarely seen in clinical practice, which might be a consequence of an optimized anti-hiv treatment leading to an improved immunological status, or alternative ...201121336596
kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (kshv) vflip oncoprotein induces b cell transdifferentiation and tumorigenesis in mice.kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (kshv) is specifically associated with kaposi sarcoma (ks) and 2 b cell lymphoproliferative diseases, namely primary effusion lymphoma (pel) and multicentric castleman disease (mcd). ks, pel, and mcd are largely incurable and poorly understood diseases most common in hiv-infected individuals. here, we have revealed the role of viral flice-inhibitory protein (vflip) in the initiation of pel and mcd by specifically expressing vflip at different stages of b cell different ...201121339646
kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus viral interferon regulatory factor 3 inhibits gamma interferon and major histocompatibility complex class ii expression.kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) carries four genes with homology to human interferon regulatory factors (irfs). one of these irfs, the viral interferon regulatory factor 3 (virf-3), is expressed in latently infected primary effusion lymphoma (pel) cells and required for their continuous proliferation. moreover, virf-3 is known to be involved in modulation of the type i interferon (ifn) response. we now show that virf-3 also interferes with the type ii interferon system and antigen ...201121345951
kaposi's sarcoma in an atopic dermatitis patient: a case report and a review of literature.ôçâ a 7-year-old girl suffering from atopic dermatitis developed multiple lesions of kaposi's sarcoma, which could not be categorized under any one of the four known types of kaposi's sarcoma (classic, human immunodeficiency virus-associated, endemic, or iatrogenic). we propose that atopic dermatitis may cause susceptibility to human herpes virus 8 infection, which is related to the pathogenesis of kaposi's sarcoma.201121385206
[an analysis of etiological and genetic factors of a patient with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis].to analyze the etiological factor and genetic feature of a familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis patient with prf1 mutation (fhl2) with human herpesvirus 7 (hhv7) infection and its family constellation.201121418834
generation of a doxycycline-inducible kshv producer cell line of endothelial origin: maintenance of tight latency with efficient reactivation upon induction.kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is the etiological agent of kaposi's sarcoma (ks) and at least two b cell lymphoproliferative diseases: primary effusion lymphoma (pel) and multicentric castleman's disease (mcd). b cells derived from pel are latently infected, and can be induced to lytic replication by treatment with chemical agents like tpa or butyrate, which have pleiotropic effects on host cell signaling and chromatin structure. most of these lines also display moderate levels o ...201121419799
kaposi's sarcoma following immunosuppressive therapy for vasculitis.kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is widely reported to develop after renal transplantation and is induced by activation of a latent human herpes virus 8. we report the clinical features and outcome of a 50-year-old woman who presented with ks 18 weeks after starting immunosuppressive therapy for vasculitis. she had positive-titer igg antibody to human herpes virus 8. cyclophosphamide pulses were interrupted, and prednisone was decreased gradually to 10 mg/day. skin lesions showed important regression with ...201121422634
pharmacological management of kaposi's sarcoma.introduction: kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is an angioproliferative disease that occurs in four clinical-epidemiological forms sharing the same immunological and histopathological features, suggesting common etiological and pathogenic factors. infection with the human herpesvirus 8, cytokine- and angiogenic factor-induced growth together with an immuno-dysregulated state represent fundamental conditions for the development of this tumor. despite the recent improvements in ks management, it remains an i ...201121517697
pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta and pityriasis lichenoides chronica: comparison of lesional t-cell subsets and investigation of viral associations.background: pityriasis lichenoides (pl) exhibits a broad clinical spectrum that includes both acute and chronic forms. the precise biologic mechanisms underlying pl remain unclear. objectives: to evaluate the immunohistochemical characteristics of pl and to investigate lesional t-cell subsets and the possible role of viral infection in its pathogenesis. patients and methods: samples from 10 patients with pl et varioliformis acuta (pleva) and 13 with pl chronica (plc) were analyzed immunohistoche ...201121518386
kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-encoded lana down-regulates il-22r1 expression through a cis-acting element within the promoter region.kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is considered to be a necessary, but not sufficient, causal agent of kaposi's sarcoma (ks). all forms of ks are characterized by the proliferation of spindle-shaped cells, and most (>90%) spindle cells from ks lesions are latently infected with kshv. during kshv latency, only a few viral genes are expressed. among those latent genes, the orf 73 gene encodes the latency-associated nuclear antigen (lana), which is critical for the establishment and ma ...201121544244
classic kaposi's sarcoma in arabs - widening ethnic involvement.kaposi's sarcoma is a tumor caused by human herpes virus 8 also known as kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus. originally described by kaposi in 1872, this tumor is recognized as an aids-defining illness. classic kaposi's sarcoma (cks) is a relatively indolent disease affecting elderly men from the mediterranean region or of eastern european descent, besides jews in whom it is the most common. it has been also reported in the arab population living in israel. kaposi's sarcoma has been reported ...201121546753
prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 infection in systemic lupus erythematosus.abstract: background: for decades, scientists have tried to understand the environmental factors involved in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (sle), in which viral infections was included. previous studies have identified epstein-barr virus (ebv) to incite sle. human herpesvirus 8 (hhv-8), another member of the gammaherpesvirus family, shares a lot in common with ebv. the characteristics of hhv-8 make it a well-suited candidate to trigger sle. results: in the present study, serum ...201121549013
deep sequencing reveals direct targets of gammaherpesvirus-induced mrna decay and suggests that multiple mechanisms govern cellular transcript escape.one characteristic of lytic infection with gammaherpesviruses, including kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), epstein-barr virus (ebv) and murine herpesvirus 68 (mhv68), is the dramatic suppression of cellular gene expression in a process known as host shutoff. the alkaline exonuclease proteins (kshv sox, mhv-68 musox and ebv bglf5) have been shown to induce shutoff by destabilizing cellular mrnas. here we extend previous analyses of cellular mrna abundance during lytic infection to c ...201121573023
[clinical manifestation of hiv infection and aids in otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery].to improve the recognition of clinical manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus(hiv) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery, and to emphasize the early diagnosis, correct treatment and effective protection.201121575416
the internal kshv lana regions exert a critical role on episome persistence.kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) latency-associated nuclear antigen (lana) is an 1162 amino acid protein that acts on viral terminal repeat (tr) dna to mediate kshv episome persistence. the two essential components of episome persistence are dna replication prior to cell division, and episome segregation to daughter nuclei. these functions are located within n- and c- terminal lana. n- and c-terminal lana are sufficient for tr dna replication. in addition, n- and c-terminal lana te ...201121593163
epstein-barr virus myelitis and castleman's disease in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome: a case report.abstract: introduction: few cases of epstein-barr virus myelitis have been described in the literature. multi-centric castleman's disease is a lymphoproliferative disorder that is well known for its associations with the human immunodeficiency virus, human herpes virus 8, and kaposi's sarcoma. the concurrent presentation of these two diseases in a patient at the same time is extremely unusual. case presentation: we describe the case of a 43-year-old caucasian man with acquired immune deficiency ...201121615962
kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8 and kaposi sarcoma.kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) was discovered in 1994 and is now known to be a necessary but not sufficient causative agent of kaposi sarcoma. while kshv is likely also the causative agent of primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric castleman's disease, its causal role has been refuted in the case of multiple myeloma, sarcoidosis, prostate cancer, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. the epidemiology of kshv is both intriguing and challenging. two epidemiologic findings are clear, ...201121441485
the zambia children's ks-hhv8 study: rationale, study design, and study methods.the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus in zambia has led to a dramatic rise in the incidence of human herpesvirus-8 (hhv-8)-associated kaposi's sarcoma in both adults and children. however, there is a paucity of knowledge about the routes of hhv-8 transmission to young children. the zambia children's ks-hhv8 study, a large, prospective cohort study in lusaka, zambia, was launched in 2004 to investigate the role of household members as a source of hhv-8 infection in young children and socia ...201121447476
pilot study of oral valganciclovir therapy in patients with classic kaposi sarcoma.we conducted a clinical trial of oral valganciclovir, a drug with in vitro activity against kaposi sarcoma (ks)-associated herpesvirus (kshv), in classic ks. five human immunodeficiency virus-seronegative participants received valganciclovir for up to six 4-week cycles at doses used for cytomegalovirus infection. none of the study subjects showed an objective response; ks progressed in 4 subjects after 1-4 cycles and remained stable in 1 subject after 6 cycles. ks biopsies showed minimal lytic k ...201121450998
high-dose zidovudine plus valganciclovir for kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus-associated multicentric castleman disease: a pilot study of virus-activated cytotoxic therapy.kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (kshv)-associated multicentric castleman disease (kshv-mcd) is a lymphoproliferative disorder most commonly observed in hiv-infected patients. it is characterized by kshv-infected plasmablasts that frequently express lytic genes. patients manifest inflammatory symptoms attributed to overproduction of kshv viral interleukin-6, human interleukin-6, and human interleukin-10. there is no standard therapy and no established response criteria. we investigated an approach tar ...201121487108
nf-κb as a target for oncogenic viruses.nf-κb is a pivotal transcription factor that controls cell survival and proliferation in diverse physiological processes. the activity of nf-κb is tightly controlled through its cytoplasmic sequestration by specific inhibitors, iκbs. various cellular stimuli induce the activation of an iκb kinase, which phosphorylates iκbs and triggers their proteasomal degradation, causing nuclear translocation of activated nf-κb. under normal conditions, the activation of nf-κb occurs transiently, thus ensurin ...201120845110
risk factors influencing antibody responses to kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latent and lytic antigens in patients under antiretroviral therapy.kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) seropositivity and lytic antibody titer are predictors for kaposi's sarcoma.201121084997
relative risk of reducing the lifetime blood donation deferral for men who have had sex with men versus currently tolerated transfusion risks.the risks of known and emerging transfusion-transmitted infections (ttis) from reducing the current lifetime blood donation deferral for men who have had sex with men (msm) to 1 or 5 years were compared to the risk from continuing to transfuse in the united states 12.5% of platelet doses as pooled whole-blood-derived (rather than single-donor) platelets. assumptions made in mathematical models and blood donor/transfusion studies of the risks of ttis since 2000 were evaluated. the number of hiv, ...201121134626
reverse transfected cell microarrays in infectious disease research.several human pathogenic viruses encode large genomes with often more than 100 genes. viral pathogenicity is determined by carefully orchestrated co-operative activities of several different viral genes which trigger the phenotypic functions of the infected cells. systematic analyses of these complex interactions require high-throughput transfection technology. here we have provided a laboratory manual for the reverse transfected cell microarray (rtcm; alternative name: cell chip) as a high-thro ...201121104058
human herpes virus type 8 seroprevalence in pregnant women in geneva, switzerland.because of increasing migration, european countries are facing new pathogens and diseases, such as human herpes virus-8 (hhv-8). we assessed the prevalence of hhv-8 using a new elisa test in 140 pregnant women delivering in geneva (switzerland). the prevalence of hhv-8 was 7.9% globally and up to 33.3% in the african subpopulation. seropositive women were more frequently older (≥32 years old) than seronegative ones: 81.8% vs. 43%; p = 0.023, respectively. in conclusion, hhv-8 infection is presen ...201120569167
a-ásilence element involved in kaposi+äs-ásarcoma-associated herpesvirus orf11 gene expression. 201121692569
metastatic kaposi's sarcoma with perirectal involvement diagnosed with endoscopic ultrasound-guided echobrush cytology sampling.aids-related kaposi's sarcoma (ks) is a low-grade vascular tumor that occurs in association with human herpesvirus 8 infection. here we report the case of a 21-year-old male with recently diagnosed cutaneous ks who presented with rectal bleeding and anal pruritus. initial endoscopic evaluation was nondiagnostic. ct imaging showed diffuse lymphadenopathy including perirectal involvement which was suspicious for metastatic ks. echoendoscopy with needle biopsies and echobrush sampling of the lymph ...201121829398
retroviral expression of mir2 decreases both surface mhc class i and the alloimmune ctl response.the immune response to allogeneic cells in tissue-engineered constructs is a major barrier to their successful application in the treatment of many human diseases. specifically, the t cell-mediated immune response, initiated through the recognition of cell surface mhci molecules, is the primary cause of acute cellular allograft rejection. in this study, we altered expression of mhci through viral immunomodulatory mechanisms to examine whether allogeneic cells could be made to 'mimic' viral evasi ...201121695793
inhibition of primary effusion lymphoma engraftment in scid mice by morpholino oligomers against early lytic genes of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus.kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) is associated with several malignant diseases, including kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma (pel) and multicentric castleman's disease. the objectives of this study were to investigate the use of peptide-conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (ppmos) against kshv early lytic genes and to assess their efficacy in severe combined immunodeficiency disease (scid) mice against pel engraftment. ppmos are short, single-stranded dna ana ...201121817187
human herpesvirus 8 is not detectable in lesions of large plaque parapsoriasis, and in early-stage sporadic, familial, and juvenile cases of mycosis fungoides.background: human herpesvirus (hhv) 8, an essential etiologic agent of kaposi sarcoma, is also associated with several lymphoproliferative disorders. the involvement of hhv 8 in mycosis fungoides (mf) and large plaque parapsoriasis (lpp) is controversial, with contradictory reports from various countries worldwide. objective: we sought to investigate the presence of the hhv 8 genome in skin lesions of lpp and early-stage sporadic, familial, and juvenile mf in patients in israel. methods: archiva ...201121704421
oral and maxillofacial pathology case of the month. kaposi's sarcoma. 201121675370
constitutive nf-{kappa}b activation confers interleukin 6 (il6) independence and resistance to dexamethasone and janus kinase inhibitor incb018424 in murine plasmacytoma cells.myeloma cells are dependent on il6 for their survival and proliferation during the early stages of disease, and independence from il6 is associated with disease progression. the role of the nf-+¦b pathway in the il6-independent growth of myeloma cells has not been studied. because human herpesvirus 8-encoded k13 selectively activates the nf-+¦b pathway, we have used it as a molecular tool to examine the ability of the nf-+¦b pathway to confer il6 independence on murine plasmacytomas. we demonstr ...201121705340
herpesvirus carriage in saliva and posttreatment apical periodontitis: searching for association.objective: herpesvirus infection can cause immunosuppression and then act as a modifier of apical periodontitis, influencing the disease severity and response to treatment. the purpose of this study was to investigate if herpesvirus infection, as inferred by salivary carriage, may influence the endodontic treatment outcome. study design: the study population included 72 patients who had root canals treated more than 1 year previously because of necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis. at the fol ...201121831677
the manipulation of mirna-gene regulatory networks by kshv induces endothelial cell motility.mirnas have emerged as master regulators of cancer-related events. mirna dysregulation also occurs in kaposi sarcoma (ks). exploring the roles of ks-associated mirnas should help to identify novel angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis pathways. in the present study, we show that kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), the etiological agent of ks, induces global mirna changes in lymphatic endothelial cells (lecs). specifically, the mir-221/mir-222 cluster is down-regulated, whereas mir-31 is u ...201121715310
Delineation of a core RNA element required for Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ORF57 binding and activity.The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) ORF57 protein is an essential multifunctional regulator of gene expression. ORF57 interaction with RNA is necessary for ORF57-mediated posttranscriptional functions, but little is known about the RNA elements that drive ORF57-RNA specificity. Here, we investigate the cis-acting factors on the KSHV PAN RNA that dictate ORF57 binding and activity. We show that ORF57 binds directly to the 5' end of PAN RNA in KSHV-infected cells. Furthermore, we em ...201121889182
Restricted Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) herpesvirus transcription in KS lesions from patients on successful antiretroviral therapy.Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is caused by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; human herpesvirus 8). KS is an AIDS-defining cancer, and it is changing in the post-antiretroviral therapy (post-ART) era. In countries with ready access to ART, approximately one-third of KS cases present in patients with undetectable HIV loads and CD4 counts of =200 cells/µl. This is in contrast to pre-ART era KS, which was associated with systemic HIV replication and CD4 counts of =200 cells/µl. Using primary pa ...201122045987
comparison of humoral immune responses to epstein-barr virus and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus using a viral proteome microarray.epstein-barr virus (ebv) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus, and kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) has a restricted seroprevalence. both viruses are associated with malignancies that have an increased frequency in individuals who are coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1).201121990424
primary and reactivated hhv8 infection and disease after liver transplantation: a prospective study.human herpesvirus 8 (hhv8) is pathogenic in humans, especially in cases of immunosuppression. we evaluated the risk of hhv8 transmission from liver donors, and its clinical impact in southern italy, where its seroprevalence in the general population is reported to be as high as 18.3%. we tested 179 liver transplant recipients and their donors for hhv8 antibodies at the time of transplantation, and implemented in all recipients a 12-month posttransplant surveillance program for hhv8 infection. of ...201121966899
Kaposi's sarcoma: imaging overview.Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), a low-grade malignancy that is associated with human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), is a multifocal tumor that most commonly affects mucocutaneous sites. It might also involve lymph nodes and visceral organs, in particular of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract, but it can affect every organ system. Four forms of the disease have been recognized: the classic, the endemic, the transplant-associated, and the epidemic form. The endemic form, or African KS, currently accounts f ...201121963166
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesviral IL-6 and human IL-6 open reading frames contain miRNA binding sites and are subject to cellular miRNA regulation.Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) encodes a viral interleukin 6 (vIL-6) that mimics many activities of human IL-6 (hIL-6). Both vIL-6 and hIL-6 play important roles in stimulating the proliferation of tumours caused by KSHV. Here, we provide evidence that a miRNA pathway is involved in regulation of vIL-6 and hIL-6 expression through binding sites in their open reading frames (ORFs). We show a direct repression of vIL-6 by hsa-miR-1293 and hIL-6 by hsa-miR-608. The repression of vIL ...201121984125
Atypical eye lesion in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient.AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma (KS), nowadays known to be an angioproliferative disease, occurs in several clinical-epidemiological forms, all of which are associated with infection by human herpesvirus-8. KS can affect the eye, with the bulbar conjunctiva and lacrimal gland being rare sites of occurrence. We present a case of AIDS-related KS of the conjunctiva and also discuss recent literature.201122161131
castleman disease: the great mimic.castleman disease is a nonclonal lymphoproliferative disorder and one of the more common causes of nonneoplastic lymphadenopathy. because of its diverse manifestations and ability to affect any body region, castleman disease is a great mimic of both benign and malignant abnormalities in the neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis. castleman disease most commonly manifests as unicentric disease (unicentric castleman disease) with a hyperenhancing lymph nodal mass and should be considered in the differen ...201121997995
soluble human leukocyte antigen-g serum levels in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome affected by different disease-defining conditions before and after antiretroviral treatment.we have previously reported that the serum levels of soluble human leukocyte antigen (hla)-a, -b, -c, and -g antigens are elevated in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected subjects and decrease after antiretroviral therapy. in this study, we measured soluble hla-g serum levels in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) affected by different aids-defining conditions before and during antiretroviral therapy and correlated them with virologic and immunologic parameters of res ...201121663783
multiorgan involvement in hhv-8-positive multifocal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. 201121796573
cyclopropavir inhibits the normal function of the human cytomegalovirus ul97 kinase.cyclopropavir (cpv) is active against human cytomegalovirus (cmv) as well as both variants of human herpes virus 6 and human herpesvirus 8. the mechanism of action of cpv against cmv is similar to that of ganciclovir (gcv) in that it is phosphorylated initially by the cmv ul97 kinase resulting in inhibition of viral dna synthesis. resistance to cpv maps to the ul97 kinase, but is associated primarily with h520q mutations and thus retains good antiviral activity against most gcv-resistant isolate ...201121788463
viral interleukin-6: role in kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-associated malignancies.viral interleukin-6 (vil-6) is a product of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) expressed in latently infected cells and to a higher degree during viral replication. a distinctive feature of vil-6 is the ability to directly bind and activate gp130 signaling in the absence of other receptor subunits. secretion of vil-6 is generally poor, but vil-6 can activate gp130 from inside the cell. due to the wide cell distribution of gp130, vil-6 has the potential to induce a wide range of biolo ...201121767154
human immunodeficiency virus type 1 induces lytic cycle replication of kaposi's-sarcoma-associated herpesvirus: role of ras/c-raf/mek1/2, pi3k/akt, and nf-?b signaling pathways.human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection significantly increases the risk and development of kaposi's sarcoma (ks) in individuals infected with ks-associated herpesvirus (kshv). previously, we reported that hiv-1 tat protein induced kshv replication by modulating the janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling pathway. here, we further investigated the possible signaling pathways involved in hiv-1-induced reactivation of kshv. we showed that hiv-1 infec ...201121763505
hiv-associated multicentric castleman disease.purpose of review: hiv-associated multicentric castleman disease (hiv mcd) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder, the incidence of which appears to be increasing in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. current knowledge of the disease is limited and this review will discuss what is known about the pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, and prognosis of hiv mcd. recent findings: hiv mcd has been shown to be associated with infection with human herpesvirus-8. vascular endothelial growth ...201121760504
host and viral traits predict zoonotic spillover from mammals.the majority of human emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, with viruses that originate in wild mammals of particular concern (for example, hiv, ebola and sars). understanding patterns of viral diversity in wildlife and determinants of successful cross-species transmission, or spillover, are therefore key goals for pandemic surveillance programs. however, few analytical tools exist to identify which host species are likely to harbour the next human virus, or which viruses can cross species ...201728636590
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