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exploring specific primers targeted against different genes for a multiplex pcr for detection of listeria monocytogenes.the efficacy of six different sets of primers targeted against 16s rrna and virulence genes such as 'iap', 'hly' and 'prf' was evaluated in separate pcr assays. the primer pairs targeted against 16s rrna resulted into amplification of 1.2 kb pcr product. however, sets of primers targeted against different regions of 'iap' produced 371 and 660 bp pcr products, respectively. the primer pair targeted against 'prf' gene could produce 508 bp product. three primer pairs targeted against different regi ...201528324291
effect of lemongrass essential oil vapors on microbial dynamics and listeria monocytogenes survival on rocket and melon stored under different packaging conditions and temperatures.the aim of the present study was to examine the effect of lemongrass essential oil vapors on the dynamics of surface microbiota and l. monocytogenes growth on rocket and melon under different packaging conditions and storage temperature. for that purpose, rocket and melon were placed on expanded polystyrene (eps) trays, sprayed with l. monocytogenes to a population of 4.5-5.0 log cfu·g(-1), packaged using microperforated oriented polypropylene (opp) film in either air or microperforated active m ...201527682104
fumaric acid and slightly acidic electrolyzed water inactivate gram positive and gram negative foodborne pathogens.sanitizing effectiveness of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (saew) and fumaric acid (fa) at different dipping temperatures (25-60 °c), times (1-5 min), and concentrations (5-30 ppm for saew and 0.125%-0.5% for fa) on pure cultures of two gram positive pathogens staphylococcus aureus (sa) and listeria monocytogenes (lm) and two gram negative pathogens escherichia coli o157:h7 (ec) and salmonella typhimurium (st) was evaluated. fa (0.25%) showed the strongest sanitizing effect, demonstrating co ...201527682077
identification of multiple bacteriocins in enterococcus spp. using an enterococcus-specific bacteriocin pcr array.twenty-two bacteriocin-producing enterococcus isolates obtained from food and animal sources, and demonstrating activity against listeria monocytogenes, were screened for bacteriocin-related genes using a bacteriocin pcr array based on known enterococcal bacteriocin gene sequences in the ncbi genbank database. the 22 bacteriocin-positive (bac+) enterococci included en. durans (1), en. faecalis (4), en. faecium (12), en. hirae (3), and en. thailandicus (2). enterocin a (enta), enterocins mr10a an ...201527682075
exploring the diversity of listeria monocytogenes biofilm architecture by high-throughput confocal laser scanning microscopy and the predominance of the honeycomb-like morphotype.listeria monocytogenes is involved in food-borne illness with a high mortality rate. the persistence of the pathogen along the food chain can be associated with its ability to form biofilms on inert surfaces. while most of the phenotypes associated with biofilms are related to their spatial organization, most published data comparing biofilm formation by l. monocytogenes isolates are based on the quantitative crystal violet assay, which does not give access to structural information. using a hig ...201525548046
antimicrobial and mosquitocidal activity of microbial synthesized silver nanoparticles.microbial synthesis of nanoparticles is a green approach that interconnects nanotechnology and microbial biotechnology. here, we synthesized the silver nanoparticles (agnps) using bacterial strains of listeria monocytogenes, bacillus subtilius and streptomyces anulatus. we tested the efficacy of agnps against the larvae, pupae and adults of anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus. we have also investigated the antifungal activity of agnps against the soil keratinophilic fungus of chrysosp ...201525544704
hplc/ms analysis of polyphenols, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of artabotrys hildebrandtii o. hffm. extracts.the purpose of this work was to evaluate chemical constituents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of artabotrys hildebrandtii, an endemic medicinal plant from madagascar. ethanol extracts from the leaves and stem bark were tested to evaluate dpph free radical scavenging, using butylated hydroxytoluene and quercetin as standard antioxidants. an high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method was developed to investigate the presence of phenolic compounds in the studied samp ...201525679267
protective dendritic cell responses against listeriosis induced by the short form of the deubiquitinating enzyme cyld are inhibited by full-length cyld.the deubiquitinating enzyme cyld is an important tumor suppressor and inhibitor of immune responses. in contrast to full-length cyld, the immunological function of the naturally occurring short splice variant of cyld (scyld) is insufficiently described. previously, we showed that dcs, which lack full-length cyld but express scyld, exhibit augmented nf-κb and dc activation. to explore the function of scyld in infection, we investigated whether dc-specific scyld regulates the pathogenesis of liste ...201525675948
a case report of listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis in general hospital "dr radivoj simonovir" sombor.listeria monocytogenes is one of the most common causes of bacterial central nervous system infections in adults. it often affects immunicompromised and elderly patients. even with appropriate antimicrobial treatment, mortality due to listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis is among the highest of all causes of bacterial central nervous system infections.201525675833
persistent and transient listeria monocytogenes strains from retail deli environments vary in their ability to adhere and form biofilms and rarely have inla premature stop codons.based on recent risk assessments, up to 83% of listeriosis cases from deli meat in the united states are predicted to be from ready-to-eat deli meats contaminated during processing at retail grocery stores. listeria monocytogenes is known to use sanitizer tolerance and biofilm formation to survive, but interplay of these mechanisms along with virulence potential and persistence mechanisms specific to deli environments had yet to be elucidated. in this study, 442 isolates from food and nonfood co ...201525569840
the tyrosine kinase itk suppresses cd8+ memory t cell development in response to bacterial infection.vaccine efficacy depends on strong long-term development of immune memory and the formation of memory cd8(+) t cells is critical for recall responses to infection. upon antigen recognition by naïve t cells, the strength of the tcr signal influences the subsequent effector and memory cells differentiation. here, we have examined the role of itk, a tyrosine kinase critical for tcr signaling, in cd8(+) effector and memory t cell differentiation during listeria monocytogenes infection. we found that ...201525567129
listeria monocytogenes has a functional chitinolytic system and an active lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase.chitinases and chitin-active lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (lpmos) are most commonly associated with chitin metabolism, but are also reported as virulence factors in pathogenic bacteria. listeria monocytogenes, a well-known virulent bacterium, possesses two chitinases (chia and chib) and a multi-modular lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (lmlpmo10). these enzymes have been related to virulence and their role in chitin metabolism is poorly understood. it is thus of interest to functionally ...201525565565
suppression of toll-like receptor-mediated innate immune responses at the ocular surface by the membrane-associated mucins muc1 and muc16.membrane-associated mucins (mams) expressed on the ocular surface epithelium form a dense glycocalyx that is hypothesized to protect the cornea and conjunctiva from external insult. in this study, the hypothesis that the mams muc1 and muc16, expressed on the apical surface of the corneal epithelium, suppress toll-like receptor (tlr)-mediated innate immune responses was tested. using an in vitro model of corneal epithelial cells that are cultured to express mams, we show that reduced expression o ...201525563498
investigating the therapeutic potential of herbal leads against drug resistant listeria monocytogenes by computational virtual screening and in vitro assays.listeria monocytogenes, a gram-positive opportunistic food-borne pathogen, naturally resistant to many antibiotics and acquired resistance may be a concern in the nearer future. hence, there is a scope for screening of novel therapeutic agents and drug targets, toward the treatment of fatal listeria infections. the seca homologs, seca1 and seca2 are the essential components of the general secretion (sec) pathway, a specialised protein export system, present in l. monocytogenes. this study evalua ...201525562366
molecular serotyping and pathogenic potential of listeria monocytogenes isolated from milk and milk products in tamil nadu, india.listeria monocytogenes, an important bacterial pathogen, is responsible for foodborne illnesses worldwide. examination of food samples for the presence of l. monocytogenes and assessment of their pathogenicity is usually an effective strategy in the prevention of listeriosis. in the present study, we have tested 307 samples of milk and milk products from various places in tamil nadu, india for the presence of l. monocytogenes using iso 11290 and u.s. food and drug administration bacteriological ...201525793931
complete genome sequence of the persistent listeria monocytogenes strain r479a.the complete genome sequence of the persistent listeria monocytogenes strain r479a isolated from smoked salmon in denmark and belonging to lineage ii, serovar 1/2a, and multilocus sequence type 8 (st8) is presented here.201525792065
sensitive enumeration of listeria monocytogenes and other listeria species in various naturally contaminated matrices using a membrane filtration method.for the enumeration of listeria monocytogenes (l. monocytogenes) in food, a sensitive enumeration method has been recently developed. this method is based on a membrane filtration of the food suspension followed by transfer of the filter on a selective medium to enumerate l. monocytogenes. an evaluation of this method was performed with several categories of foods naturally contaminated with l. monocytogenes. the results obtained with this technique were compared with those obtained from the mod ...201525791005
a novel gene, lstc, of listeria monocytogenes is implicated in high salt tolerance.listeria monocytogenes, causative agent of human listeriosis, has been isolated from a wide variety of foods including deli meats, soft cheeses, cantaloupes, sprouts and canned mushrooms. standard control measures for restricting microbial growth such as refrigeration and high salt are often inadequate as l. monocytogenes grows quite well in these environments. in an effort to better understand the genetic and physiological basis by which l. monocytogenes circumvents these controls, a transposon ...201525790994
enhancing the antibacterial effect of 461 and 521 nm light emitting diodes on selected foodborne pathogens in trypticase soy broth by acidic and alkaline ph conditions.light emitting diodes (leds) with their antibacterial effect present a novel method for food preservation. this effect may be influenced by environmental conditions such as the ph of the food contaminated by the pathogen. thus, it is necessary to investigate the influence of ph on the antibacterial effect of leds before their application to real food matrices. escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes in trypticase soy broth were illuminated using 10-w 461 (22.1 ...201525790991
effects of oxygen-depleted atmospheres on survival and growth of listeria monocytogenes on fresh-cut iceberg lettuce stored at mild abuse commercial temperatures.the effects of oxygen-depleted atmospheres, 0.25% o2+12% co2 (balance n2) and 2% o2 + 6% co2 (balance n2), on growth of listeria monocytogenes on fresh-cut iceberg lettuce were determined. the study was carried out at mild abuse temperatures using controlled atmosphere chambers. during storage at a constant temperature of 7 °c, growth was enhanced at the lower oxygen level of 0.25% o2 by day 10. over 17 days of storage at temperatures designed to mimic mild abuse commercial conditions, there wer ...201525790986
notes from the field: listeriosis associated with stone fruit--united states, 2014.on july 19, 2014, a packing company in california (company a) voluntarily recalled certain lots of stone fruits, including whole peaches, nectarines, plums, and pluots, because of concern about contamination with listeria monocytogenes based on internal company testing. on july 31, the recall was expanded to cover all fruit packed at their facility during june 1-july 17. after the initial recall, clinicians, state and local health departments, cdc, and the food and drug administration (fda) rece ...201525789745
pregnancy related listeriosis: treatment and control.listeriosis during pregnancy usually presents as an unremarkable febrile illness in the mother but can be fatal for the fetus and newborn. reliable laboratory testing for early diagnosis is lacking. serological antibody tests and bacteriological stool tests are not helpful since listeria-specific antibodies and stool cultures yielding the organism can be found in healthy pregnant women. because early diagnosis is difficult, diagnosis is usually made by culturing the pathogen from blood, cerebros ...201525604158
proteome mining for drug target identification in listeria monocytogenes strain egd-e and structure-based virtual screening of a candidate drug target penicillin binding protein 4.we used a combination of in-silico approaches to identify 168 promising drug targets in the proteome of a multidrug-resistant listeria monocytogenes strain; of these, one (pbp4) was particularly promising. virtual screening using it, followed by reverse docking, revealed four compounds namely nci524121, cap332797, nci524136 and zinc00518462 as good multi-target leads.201525601791
listeria phage and phage tail induction triggered by components of bacterial growth media (phosphate, licl, nalidixic acid, and acriflavine).the detection of listeria monocytogenes from food is currently carried out using a double enrichment. for the iso methodology, this double enrichment is performed using half-fraser and fraser broths, in which the overgrowth of l. innocua can occur in samples where both species are present. in this study, we analyzed the induction of phages and phage tails of listeria spp. in these media and in two brain heart infusion (bhi) broths (bhim [biomérieux] and bhik [biokar]) to identify putative effect ...201525595760
complete genome sequence of listeria monocytogenes ntsn, a serovar 4b and animal source strain.listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen that causes infections in humans and animals and has a high mortality rate. the complete genome sequence of l. monocytogenes strain ntsn, a highly virulent and serovar 4b strain isolated from the brains of sheep in jiangsu province, china, is presented here.201525593254
pathogen-expanded cd11b+ invariant nkt cells feedback inhibit t cell proliferation via membrane-bound tgf-β1.natural killer t cells (nkt cells) are effector cells, but also regulator of immune response, which either promote or suppress immune response through production of different cytokines. however, the subsets of nkt cells with definite phenotype and regulatory function need to be further identified. furthermore, the mechanisms for nkt cells to regulate immune response remain to be fully elucidated. here we identified cd11b(+) invariant nkt (cd11b(+) inkt) cells as a new subset of regulatory nkt ce ...201525592391
listeria arpj gene modifies t helper type 2 subset differentiation.although the t-cell subset differentiation pathway has been characterized extensively from the view of host gene regulation, the effects of genes of the pathogen on t-cell subset differentiation during infection have yet to be elucidated. especially, the bacterial genes that are responsible for this shift have not yet been determined.201525589336
listeria monocytogenes batch culture growth response to metabolic inhibitors.in certain environments nutrient and energy sources available to microorganisms can be limited. foodborne pathogens must efficiently adapt in order to be successfully transmitted through the food chain to their hosts. for the intracellular foodborne pathogen listeria monocytogenes, little is known regarding its response to nutrient/energy-limiting conditions. the alternative stress responsive sigma factor σ(b) has been reported to contribute to survival under specific stresses. therefore, the ef ...201525587784
genotypic analyses and virulence characterization of listeria monocytogenes isolates from crayfish (procambarus clarkii).listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can cause invasive illness in humans and farm animals. it is frequently isolated from dairy products and poultry. however, there have been few literatures on the genetic diversity and virulence potential of l. monocytogenes from freshwater animal. thirty-nine l. monocytogenes strains from crayfish were isolated and identified in this study. molecular subtyping and polymorphism of each isolate were analyzed by multilocus sequence typing (mlst). ...201525586079
safety and survival with gvax pancreas prime and listeria monocytogenes-expressing mesothelin (crs-207) boost vaccines for metastatic pancreatic cancer.gvax pancreas, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-secreting allogeneic pancreatic tumor cells, induces t-cell immunity to cancer antigens, including mesothelin. gvax is administered with low-dose cyclophosphamide (cy) to inhibit regulatory t cells. crs-207, live-attenuated listeria monocytogenes-expressing mesothelin, induces innate and adaptive immunity. on the basis of preclinical synergy, we tested prime/boost vaccination with gvax and crs-207 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.201525584002
evaluation of aqueous and alcohol-based quaternary ammonium sanitizers for inactivating salmonella spp., escherichia coli o157:h7, and listeria monocytogenes on peanut and pistachio shells.this study evaluated the efficacy of aqueous (aquat) and isopropyl alcohol-based quaternary ammonium (ipquat) sanitizers for reducing salmonella spp., escherichia coli o157:h7, or listeria monocytogenes populations on peanut and pistachio shell pieces. inoculated nutshells were mixed with quat sanitizers, water, or 70% ethanol and enumerated immediately or after incubation at 30 °c for 48 h. none of the treatments had any immediate effect on salmonella or e. coli o157:h7 populations on the peanu ...201525583342
application of an oregano oil nanoemulsion to the control of foodborne bacteria on fresh lettuce.although antimicrobial activities of plant essential oils are well documented, challenges remain as to their application in fresh produce due to the hydrophobic nature of essential oils. oregano oil nanoemulsions were formulated with a food-grade emulsifier and evaluated for their efficacy in inactivating the growth of foodborne bacteria on fresh lettuce. lettuce was artificially inoculated with listeria monocytogenes, salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli o157:h7, followed by a one-minute ...201525583339
listeria monocytogenes in retail delicatessens: an interagency risk assessment-model and baseline results.the interagency risk assessment-listeria monocytogenes (lm) in retail delicatessens provides a scientific assessment of the risk of listeriosis associated with the consumption of ready-to-eat (rte) foods commonly prepared and sold in the delicatessen (deli) of a retail food store. the quantitative risk assessment (qra) model simulates the behavior of retail employees in a deli department and tracks the lm potentially present in this environment and in the food. bacterial growth, bacterial inacti ...201525581188
tannin-rich pomegranate rind extracts reduce adhesion to and invasion of caco-2 cells by listeria monocytogenes and decrease its expression of virulence genes.pomegranate rind is rich in tannins that have remarkable antimicrobial activities. this study aimed to evaluate the effects of a tannin-rich fraction from pomegranate rind (tfpr) on listeria monocytogenes virulence gene expression and on the pathogen's interaction with human epithelial cells. growth curves were monitored to determine the effect of tfpr on l. monocytogenes growth. the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and fluorescence staining assays were used to examine ...201525581187
invading slugs (arion vulgaris) can be vectors for listeria monocytogenes.listeriosis is a frequent silage-associated disease in ruminants. the slugs arion vulgaris are invaders in gardens, vegetable crops and meadows for silage production. field and laboratory studies were conducted to clarify whether slugs could host listeria monocytogenes and thereby constitute a threat to animal feed safety.201525580873
comparison of five methods for direct extraction of surface proteins from listeria monocytogenes for proteomic analysis by orbitrap mass spectrometry.extracts of surface proteins, with minimal artifacts from contaminating cytosolic components, are highly desirable for investigating surface factors involved in the attachment and formation of biofilms by bacteria that are problematic in commercial food processing facilities. in this study, we compared the protein profiles of the food pathogen, listeria monocytogenes, recovered after applying different surface protein extraction methods compiled from the literature: trypsin-enzymatic shaving wit ...201525578509
liver-resident macrophage necroptosis orchestrates type 1 microbicidal inflammation and type-2-mediated tissue repair during bacterial infection.kupffer cells, the phagocytes of fetal origin that line the liver sinusoids, are key contributors of host defense against enteroinvasive bacteria. here, we found that infection by listeria monocytogenes induced the early necroptotic death of kupffer cells, which was followed by monocyte recruitment and an anti-bacterial type 1 inflammatory response. kupffer cell death also triggered a type 2 response that involved the hepatocyte-derived alarmin interleukin-33 (il-33) and basophil-derived interle ...201525577440
listeriosis outbreaks in british columbia, canada, caused by soft ripened cheese contaminated from environmental sources.soft ripened cheese (src) caused over 130 foodborne illnesses in british columbia (bc), canada, during two separate listeriosis outbreaks. multiple agencies investigated the events that lead to cheese contamination with listeria monocytogenes (l.m.), an environmentally ubiquitous foodborne pathogen. in both outbreaks pasteurized milk and the pasteurization process were ruled out as sources of contamination. in outbreak a, environmental transmission of l.m. likely occurred from farm animals to pe ...201525918702
three novel clade b serine protease inhibitors from disk abalone, haliotis discus discus: molecular perspectives and responses to immune challenges and tissue injury.serine protease inhibitors (serpins) control cellular protease activity in order to maintain cellular homeostasis. the immune and inflammatory responses of invertebrate clade b serpins have not been widely reported. in the present study, three proteins with high similarity to clade b serpins, referred to as abserpin-1, abserpin-2 and abserpin-3, were identified from disk abalone (haliotis discus discus). while abserpin-1 (399 aa) was of a typical size for this protein class, abserpin-2 (506 aa) ...201525917971
short communication: latin-style fresh cheese enhances lactic acid bacteria survival but not listeria monocytogenes resistance under in vitro simulated gastrointestinal conditions.different studies in humans have provided evidence about the health benefits of probiotics. however, most probiotic strains do not maintain good viability in the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (git). in the present study, latin-style fresh cheese produced with potential probiotic bacteria was tested to evaluate this cheese type as a food carrier for the delivery of viable microorganisms after exposure to simulated git conditions. the resistance of 28 lactic acid bacteria (lab) st ...201525912867
geographical and longitudinal analysis of listeria monocytogenes genetic diversity reveals its correlation with virulence and unique evolution.listeria monocytogenes is one of the most important foodborne pathogens causing severe diseases with a mortality rate of 24%. however, the genetic diversity and evolution of l. monocytogenes, particularly at the worldwide level, are poorly defined. in this study, we performed multilocus sequence typing (mlst) and multi virulence locus sequence typing (mvlst) for 86 l. monocytogenes strains derived from 8 countries from 1926 to 2012 in order to better understand the molecular evolution and geneti ...201525912377
virr-mediated resistance of listeria monocytogenes against food antimicrobials and cross-protection induced by exposure to organic acid salts.formulations of ready-to-eat (rte) foods with antimicrobial compounds constitute an important safety measure against foodborne pathogens such as listeria monocytogenes. while the efficacy of many commercially available antimicrobial compounds has been demonstrated in a variety of foods, the current understanding of the resistance mechanisms employed by l. monocytogenes to counteract these stresses is limited. in this study, we screened in-frame deletion mutants of two-component system response r ...201525911485
gene expression in listeria monocytogenes exposed to sublethal concentration of benzalkonium chloride.in this study, tolerance at sublethal concentration of benzalkonium chloride and transcription levels of mdrl, ladr, lde, sigb and bcrabc genes in listeria monocytogenes strains were evaluated. viable cells reduction occurred in 45% of strains and clinical isolates showed lower sensitivity than isolates from foods. an increased transcription of an efflux system encoding gene was found in 60% of strains, and simultaneous mdrl overexpression and ladr underexpression occurred in 30% of isolates. a ...201525910634
ultrasensitive detection and rapid identification of multiple foodborne pathogens with the naked eyes.in this study, a novel approach for ultrasensitive detection and rapid high-throughput identification of a panel of common foodborne pathogens with the naked eyes is presented. as a proof-of-concept application, a multiple pathogen analysis array is fabricated through immobilizing three specific polyt-capture probes which can respectively recognize rfbe gene (escherichia coli o157:h7), inva gene (salmonella enterica), inla gene (listeria monocytogenes) on the plastic substrates. pcr has been dev ...201525909338
nosocomial neonatal listeria monocytogenes transmission by stethoscope. 201526376314
mining of novel species-specific primers for pcr detection of listeria monocytogenes based on genomic approach.listeria monocytogenes in contaminated food is considered as a serious health threat for consumers due to its high mortality rate. the objective of this study was to obtain novel species-specific target-genes and primers for the molecular detection of l. monocytogenes using a comparative genomic approach. by comparative analysis of l. monocytogenes and non-l. monocytogenes genome sequences in the genbank database with blast program, 26 specific target sequences were used as candidates and the pr ...201526354019
combination of zinc and all-trans retinoic acid promotes protection against listeria monocytogenes infection.zinc (zn) is the second most abundant transition metal after iron. it plays a vital role in living organisms and affects multiple aspects of the immune system. all-trans retinoic acid (atra) is an isomeric form of the vitamin a or retinol. it possesses the greatest biological activity of vitamin a. vitamin a and related retinoids influence many aspects of immunity. in this study, we demonstrated that treatment with a combination of zn and atra contributes to host resistance against infection by ...201526351852
a novel mutation leading to a premature stop codon in inla of listeria monocytogenes isolated from neonatal listeriosis.the study objective was to investigate whether the strain of l. monocytogenes serotype 1/2c isolated from neonatal listeriosis carries a premature stop codon (pmsc) mutation in the inla gene. the strain was characterized by serotyping, macrorestriction analysis after digestion with the restriction enzyme asci, and sequencing of the inla gene. the tested strain of serotype 1/2c and pulsotype 1 possesses a new type of point mutation leading to a pmsc in the inla gene and production of truncated in ...201525938757
tlr2 and ap-1/nf-kappab are involved in the regulation of mmp-9 elicited by heat killed listeria monocytogenes in human monocytic thp-1 cells.mmp-9 is crucial for a normal immune response, but excessive release of this enzyme leads to severe tissue damage. listeria monocytogenes (lm) is an opportunistic food-borne pathogen causing listerosis, meningitis and sepsis. heat killed listeria monocytogenes (hklm) activates immune system and leads production of cytokines and chemokines. however, nothing is known about the involvement of hklm in mmp-9 regulation. therefore we investigated the role of hklm in the regulation of mmp-9 gene expres ...201525931987
outbreak of encephalitic listeriosis in red-legged partridges (alectoris rufa).an outbreak of neurological disease was investigated in red-legged partridges between 8 and 28 days of age. clinical signs included torticollis, head tilt and incoordination and over an initial eight day period approximately 30-40 fatalities occurred per day. no significant gross post mortem findings were detected. histopathological examination of the brain and bacterial cultures followed by partial sequencing confirmed a diagnosis of encephalitis due to listeria monocytogenes. further isolates ...201525921827
controlling listeria monocytogenes in cold smoked salmon with the antimicrobial peptide salmine.listeria monocytogenes (lm) is a major safety concern for smoked salmon producers, as it can survive both the brining and smoking process in cold smoked salmon production. salmine is a cationic antimicrobial peptide derived from the milt of salmon that has been shown to inhibit the growth of lm in vitro. commercialization of this peptide would add value to a waste product produced when raising salmon. the purpose of this study was to determine the anti-listeria activity of salmine in smoked salm ...201525920744
evaluation of transcription levels of inla, inlb, hly, bsh and prfa genes in listeria monocytogenes strains using quantitative reverse-transcription pcr and ability of invasion into human caco-2 cells.listeria monocytogenes virulence depends on the activity of well-characterized virulence factors. in this study, transcription levels of inla, inlb, hly, bsh and prfa genes in l. monocytogenes strains, and the ability of invasion into caco-2 cells were investigated. serotyping, multiplex-pcr for serovar identification and restriction fragment analysis of inla were performed. transcription levels and invasiveness were evaluated by quantitative reverse-transcription pcr and by in vitro assays, res ...201525673285
mir-182 is largely dispensable for adaptive immunity: lack of correlation between expression and function.microrna (mir)-mediated regulation of protein abundance is a pervasive mechanism of directing cellular processes. the well-studied and abundant mir-182 has previously been implicated in many aspects of t cell function, dna repair, and cancer. in this study, we show that mir-182 is the most highly induced mir in b cells undergoing class-switch recombination. to elucidate the requirement of mir-182 in lymphocyte function, we extensively characterized mice with a targeted deletion of mir182. we sho ...201525672759
organelle targeting during bacterial infection: insights from listeria.listeria monocytogenes, a facultative intracellular bacterium responsible for severe foodborne infections, is now recognized as a multifaceted model in infection biology. comprehensive studies of the molecular and cellular basis of the infection have unraveled how the bacterium crosses the intestinal and feto-placental barriers, invades several cell types in which it multiplies and moves, and spreads from cell to cell. interestingly, although listeria does not actively invade host cell organelle ...201525670529
listeria monocytogenes varies among strains to maintain intracellular ph homeostasis under stresses by different acids as analyzed by a high-throughput microplate-based fluorometry.listeria monocytogenes, a food-borne pathogen, has the capacity to maintain intracellular ph (phi) homeostasis in acidic environments, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. here, we report a simple microplate-based fluorescent method to determine phi of listerial cells that were prelabeled with the fluorescent dye carboxyfluorescein diacetate n-succinimidyl ester and subjected to acid stress. we found that l. monocytogenes responds differently among strains toward organic and inorganic a ...201525667585
the class ii phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate kinase pik3c2a promotes shigella flexneri dissemination through formation of vacuole-like protrusions.intracellular pathogens such as shigella flexneri and listeria monocytogenes achieve dissemination in the intestinal epithelium by displaying actin-based motility in the cytosol of infected cells. as they reach the cell periphery, motile bacteria form plasma membrane protrusions that resolve into vacuoles in adjacent cells, through a poorly understood mechanism. here, we report on the role of the class ii phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate kinase pik3c2a in s. flexneri dissemination. time-lapse mi ...201525667265
g0s2 modulates homeostatic proliferation of naïve cd8⁺ t cells and inhibits oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria.since its discovery, diverse functions have been attributed to the g0/g1 switch gene 2 (g0s2), from lipid metabolism to control of cell proliferation. our group showed for the first time that g0s2 promotes quiescence in hematopoietic stem cells by interacting with and retaining nucleolin around the nucleus. herein, we report the role of g0s2 in the differentiation and function of cd8(+) t cells examined in mice with an embryonic deletion of the g0s2 gene. g0s2 expression in naïve cd8(+) t cells ...201525666096
efficacies of nisin a and nisin v semipurified preparations alone and in combination with plant essential oils for controlling listeria monocytogenes.the food-borne pathogenic bacterium listeria is known for relatively low morbidity and high mortality rates, reaching up to 25 to 30%. listeria is a hardy organism, and its control in foods represents a significant challenge. many naturally occurring compounds, including the bacteriocin nisin and a number of plant essential oils, have been widely studied and are reported to be effective as antimicrobial agents against spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. the aim of this study was to investiga ...201525662980
listeria monocytogenes exopolysaccharide: origin, structure, biosynthetic machinery and c-di-gmp-dependent regulation.elevated levels of the second messenger c-di-gmp activate biosynthesis of an unknown exopolysaccharide (eps) in the food-borne pathogen listeria monocytogenes. this eps strongly protects cells against disinfectants and desiccation, indicating its potential significance for listerial persistence in the environment and for food safety. we analyzed the potential phylogenetic origin of this eps, determined its complete structure, characterized genes involved in its biosynthesis and hydrolysis and id ...201525662512
synergy among thymol, eugenol, berberine, cinnamaldehyde and streptomycin against planktonic and biofilm-associated food-borne pathogens.essential oils have been found to exert antibacterial, antifungal, spasmolytic, and antiplasmodial activity and therapeutic effect in cancer treatment. in this study, the antibacterial activities of four main essential oils' components (thymol (thy), eugenol (eug), berberine (ber), and cinnamaldehyde (cin)) were evaluated against two food-borne pathogens, listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium, either alone or in combination with streptomycin. checkerboard assay demonstrated that thy ...201525661823
a gold glyco-nanoparticle carrying a listeriolysin o peptide and formulated with advax™ delta inulin adjuvant induces robust t-cell protection against listeria infection.in the search for an effective vaccine against the human pathogen, listeria monocytogenes (listeria), gold glyconanoparticles (gnp) loaded with a listeriolysin o peptide llo91-99 (gnp-llo) were used to immunise mice, initially using a dendritic cell (dc) vaccine approach, but subsequently using a standard parenteral immunisation approach. to enhance vaccine immunogenicity a novel polysaccharide adjuvant based on delta inulin (advax™) was also co-formulated with the gnp vaccine. confirming previo ...201525659269
pfge standard operating procedures for listeria monocytogenes: harmonizing the typing of food and clinical strains in europe.listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen responsible for a severe disease known as listeriosis. the european centre for disease prevention and control (ecdc) coordinates a network of national public health laboratories (nphls) in charge of typing clinical strains. in food, it is the european union reference laboratory for l. monocytogenes (eurl lm), which manages a network of national reference laboratories (nrls). a pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) standard operating procedure (eur ...201525658711
whole-genome sequence of listeria monocytogenes strains from clinical and environmental samples from varanasi, india.we present here the whole-genome sequences of listeria monocytogenes from ganges river water, agricultural soil, and human clinical samples from varanasi, india, which will be used for a comparative analysis.201525657276
draft genome sequence of listeria monocytogenes lm201, isolated from foodstuff.listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular foodborne pathogen that can cause listeriosis in humans and animals. l. monocytogenes lm201 was isolated from foodstuff. the draft genome sequence of strain lm201 provides the genetic basis for the application of this strain in biotechnological vaccine production.201525657267
characterization of polar lipids of listeria monocytogenes by hcd and low-energy cad linear ion-trap mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization.listeria monocytogenes (l. monocytogenes) is a facultative, gram-positive, food-borne bacterium, which causes serious infections. although it is known that lipids play important roles in the survival of listeria, the detailed structures of these lipids have not been established. in this contribution, we described linear ion-trap multiple-stage mass spectrometric approaches with high-resolution mass spectrometry toward complete structural analysis including the identities of the fatty acid substi ...201525656850
listeria monocytogenes as a cause of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a rare entity.listeria is an uncommon cause of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (sbp) in the united states. listeria should be suspected as a cause of sbp when the patient has diphtheria-like organisms on ascitic/blood cultures, iron overload/hemochromatosis, exposure to farm animals, or poor response to empiric therapy within 48-72 h. diagnosis of sbp is made if the ascitic fluid shows polymorphonuclear cell count >250 cells/mm(3) without an intra-abdominal source of infection. ampicillin with or without an ...201525656671
microfluidic filtration and extraction of pathogens from food samples by hydrodynamic focusing and inertial lateral migration.detecting pathogenic bacteria in food or other biological samples with lab-on-a-chip (loc) devices requires several sample preparation steps prior to analysis which commonly involves cleaning complex sample matrices of large debris. this often underestimated step is important to prevent these larger particles from clogging devices and to preserve initial concentrations when loc techniques are used to concentrate or isolate smaller target microorganisms for downstream analysis. in this context, w ...201525653055
septicemic listeriosis in wild hares from saskatchewan, canada.the bacterium listeria monocytogenes causes disease in a wide variety of mammals including rabbits and hares. we describe naturally acquired metritis and septicemic listeriosis in wild female hares from saskatchewan, canada. between april 2012 and july 2013, two white-tailed jackrabbits (lepus townsendii) and a snowshoe hare (lepus americanus) were presented to the veterinary medical centre at the western college of veterinary medicine, saskatoon, saskatchewan, canada with nonspecific neurologic ...201525647601
contribution of the multiple type i signal peptidases to the secretome of listeria monocytogenes: deciphering their specificity for secreted exoproteins by exoproteomic analysis.as commonly seen in monoderm bacteria, listeria monocytogenes possesses multiple membrane-bound signal peptidases of type i (spases i) called sipx, sipy and sipz. in order to decipher their respective contribution in an integrated and global view, the complement of the secretome corresponding to the exoproteome was resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de). this was performed for l. monocytogenes sipx(-), sipy(-), sipz(-) single mutants, as well as for δsipxy and δsipyz double mutan ...201525637307
src-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of non-muscle myosin heavy chain-iia restricts listeria monocytogenes cellular infection.bacterial pathogens often interfere with host tyrosine phosphorylation cascades to control host responses and cause infection. given the role of tyrosine phosphorylation events in different human infections and our previous results showing the activation of the tyrosine kinase src upon incubation of cells with listeria monocytogenes, we searched for novel host proteins undergoing tyrosine phosphorylation upon l. monocytogenes infection. we identify the heavy chain of the non-muscle myosin iia (n ...201525635050
structure and mechanism of the caseinolytic protease clpp1/2 heterocomplex from listeria monocytogenes.listeria monocytogenes is a devastating bacterial pathogen. its virulence and intracellular stress tolerance are supported by caseinolytic protease p (clpp), an enzyme that is conserved among bacteria. l. monocytogenes expresses two clpp isoforms that are only distantly related by sequence and differ in catalysis, oligomerization, active-site composition, and n-terminal interaction sites for associated aaa(+) chaperones. the crystal structure of the clpp1/2 heterocomplex from l. monocytogenes wa ...201525630955
empirical antibiotic cover for listeria monocytogenes infection beyond the neonatal period: a time for change? 201525628458
shelf life determination of sliced portuguese traditional blood sausage--morcela de arroz de monchique through microbiological challenge and consumer test.morcela de arroz (ma) is a ready-to-eat blood and rice cooked sausage produced with pork, blood, rice, and seasonings, stuffed in natural casing and cooked above 90 °c/30 min. it is commercialized whole, not packed, with a restricted shelf life (1 wk/0 to 5 °c). the objective of this work was to establish sliced ma shelf life considering both the behavior of l. monocytogenes through a microbiological challenge test (mct) and the consumer acceptability of ma stored: vacuum packed (vp), modified a ...201525627176
pi3-kinase activation is critical for host barrier permissiveness to listeria monocytogenes.invasion of nonphagocytic cells, a critical property of listeria monocytogenes (lm) that enables it to cross host barriers, is mediated by the interaction of two bacterial surface proteins, inla and inlb, with their respective receptors e-cadherin and c-met. although inla-e-cadherin interaction is necessary and sufficient for lm crossing of the intestinal barrier, both inla and inlb are required for lm crossing of the placental barrier. the mechanisms underlying these differences are unknown. ph ...201525624443
impact of the contamination level and the background flora on the growth of listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat diced poultry.the food safety criteria that have been incorporated in european regulation (ec) no2073/2005 (official journal of the european union l, 338, 2005, 1), for listeria monocytogenes in ready-to eat (rte) foods, specify a maximum allowable concentration of 100 cfu g(-1) or ml(-1) . some factors such as ph, salt and modified atmosphere packaging (map) are used to prevent the growth of l. monocytogenes in order to comply with the limit. interactions between background microflora (bm) and l. monocytogen ...201525619748
type i interferons in infectious disease.type i interferons (ifns) have diverse effects on innate and adaptive immune cells during infection with viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi, directly and/or indirectly through the induction of other mediators. type i ifns are important for host defence against viruses. however, recently, they have been shown to cause immunopathology in some acute viral infections, such as influenza virus infection. conversely, they can lead to immunosuppression during chronic viral infections, such as lympho ...201525614319
risk-based control of food-borne pathogens listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica in the italian fermented sausages cacciatore and felino.fermentation is the most important killing step during production of fermented meats to eliminate food-borne pathogens. the objective was to evaluate whether the food-borne pathogens listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica may survive during the production of two italian fermented sausages. sausage batter was inoculated with five strains of l. monocytogenes or s. enterica (ca. 10(5)-10(6) cfu/g) and their kinetic behavior was monitored during production. both pathogens survived relatively ...201525612557
mechanistic model coupling gas exchange dynamics and listeria monocytogenes growth in modified atmosphere packaging of non respiring food.a mechanistic model coupling o2 and co2 mass transfer (namely diffusion and solubilisation in the food itself and permeation through the packaging material) to microbial growth models was developed aiming at predicting the shelf life of modified atmosphere packaging (map) systems. it was experimentally validated on a non-respiring food by investigating concomitantly the o2/co2 partial pressure in packaging headspace and the growth of listeria monocytogenes (average microbial count) within the fo ...201526187845
combined effects of thermosonication and slightly acidic electrolyzed water on the microbial quality and shelf life extension of fresh-cut kale during refrigeration storage.this study evaluated the efficacy of thermosonication combined with slightly acidic electrolyzed water (sacew) on the shelf life extension of fresh-cut kale during storage at 4 and 7 °c. each kale (10 ± 0.2 g) was inoculated to contain approximately 6 log cfu/g of listeria monocytogenes. each inoculated or uninoculated samples was dip treated at 40 °c for 3 min with deionized water, thermosonication (400 w/l), sacew (5 mg/l), sodium chlorite (sc; 100 mg/l), sodium hypochlorite (sh; 100 mg/l), an ...201526187840
microbiological assessment along the fish production chain of the norwegian pelagic fisheries sector--results from a spot sampling programme.microbes play an important role in the degradation of fish products, thus better knowledge of the microbiological conditions throughout the fish production chain may help to optimise product quality and resource utilisation. this paper presents the results of a ten-year spot sampling programme (2005-2014) of the commercially most important pelagic fish species harvested in norway. fish-, surface-, and storage water samples were collected from fishing vessels and processing factories. totally 1,1 ...201526187839
control of listeria species food safety at a poultry food production facility.surveillance and control of food-borne human pathogens, such as listeria monocytogenes, is a critical aspect of modern food safety programs at food production facilities. this study evaluated contamination patterns of listeria species at a poultry food production facility, and evaluated the efficacy of procedures to control the contamination and transfer of the bacteria throughout the plant. the presence of listeria species was studied along the production chain, including raw ingredients, food- ...201526187831
cold plasma treatment for the microbiological safety of cabbage, lettuce, and dried figs.microwave-powered cold plasma treatment (cpt) was evaluated as a means to improve the microbiological safety of fresh vegetables and dried fruits. the cpt at 900 w, conducted for 10 min using nitrogen as a plasma-forming gas, inactivated salmonella typhimurium inoculated on cabbage and lettuce by approximately 1.5 log cfu/g. the cpt at 400-900 w and 667 pa, conducted for 1-10 min using a helium-oxygen gas mixture, inactivated listeria monocytogenes on cabbage by 0.3-2.1 log cfu/g in a time-depen ...201526187830
comparative genomics of listeria sensu lato: genus-wide differences in evolutionary dynamics and the progressive gain of complex, potentially pathogenicity-related traits through lateral gene transfer.historically, genome-wide and molecular characterization of the genus listeria has concentrated on the important human pathogen listeria monocytogenes and a small number of closely related species, together termed listeria sensu strictu. more recently, a number of genome sequences for more basal, and nonpathogenic, members of the listeria genus have become available, facilitating a wider perspective on the evolution of pathogenicity and genome level evolutionary dynamics within the entire genus ...201526185097
cutting edge: a natural antisense transcript, as-il1α, controls inducible transcription of the proinflammatory cytokine il-1α.natural antisense transcripts (nats) are a class of long noncoding rnas (lncrnas) that are complementary to other protein-coding genes. although thousands of nats are encoded by mammalian genomes, their functions in innate immunity are unknown. in this study, we identified and characterized a novel nat, as-il1α, which is partially complementary to il-1α. similar to il-1α, as-il1α is expressed at low levels in resting macrophages and is induced following infection with listeria monocytogenes or s ...201526179904
prfa regulation offsets the cost of listeria virulence outside the host.virulence traits are essential for pathogen fitness, but whether they affect microbial performance in the environment, where they are not needed, remains experimentally unconfirmed. we investigated this question with the facultative pathogen listeria monocytogenes and its prfa virulence regulon. prfa-regulated genes are activated intracellularly (prfa 'on') but shut down outside the host (prfa 'off'). using a mutant prfa regulator locked on (prfa*) and thus causing prfa-controlled genes to be co ...201526178789
the multicopy srna lhrc controls expression of the oligopeptide-binding protein oppa in listeria monocytogenes.listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of the foodborne disease listeriosis. during infection, l. monocytogenes produces an array of non-coding rnas, including the multicopy srna lhrc. these five, nearly identical srnas are highly induced in response to cell envelope stress and target the virulence adhesin lapb at the post-transcriptional level. here, we demonstrate that lhrc controls expression of additional genes encoding cell envelope-associated proteins with virulence function. using ...201526176322
a sensitive impedance biosensor based on immunomagnetic separation and urease catalysis for rapid detection of listeria monocytogenes using an immobilization-free interdigitated array microelectrode.in this study, we described a novel impedance biosensor combining immunomagnetic separation with urease catalysis for sensitive detection of foodborne bacteria using listeria monocytogenes as model and an immobilization-free microelectrode as detector. the monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were immobilized on the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles (mnps) with the diameter of 180 nm by biotin-streptavidin system for specifically and efficiently separating listeria cells from sample background. the ...201526176211
unusual presentation of listerial myocarditis and the diagnostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance.listeria monocytogenes is an infrequent cause of bacterial myocarditis. myocarditis without evidence of endocarditis is even rarer. management in such cases involves early diagnosis, antibiotic therapy, and emergency treatment of arrhythmias. we report the case of a 47-year-old man who presented with features of acute st-segment-elevation myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular tachycardia that necessitated urgent electrical cardioversion. contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance im ...201526175642
application of a novel antimicrobial coating on roast beef for inactivation and inhibition of listeria monocytogenes during storage.the antilisterial efficacy of novel coating solutions made with organic acids, lauric arginate ester, and chitosan was evaluated in a three-stage study on inoculated roast beef for the first time. ready-to-eat roast beef was specially ordered from the manufacturer. the meat surface was inoculated with five-strain listeria monocytogenes cocktail inoculums at two different levels, ~3 and 6 log cfu/cm(2) and treated with the stock solution (hams), the 1:5 diluted solution (mams), and the 1:10 dilut ...201526173201
lamellipodin is important for cell-to-cell spread and actin-based motility in listeria monocytogenes.listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen capable of invading a broad range of cell types and replicating within the host cell cytoplasm. this paper describes the colocalization of host cell lamellipodin (lpd) with intracellular l. monocytogenes detectable 6 h postinfection of epithelial cells. the association was mediated via interactions between both the peckstrin homology (ph) domain in lpd and phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate [pi(3,4)p2] on the bacterial surface and by interactio ...201526169271
fundamental characteristics of deep-uv light-emitting diodes and their application to control foodborne pathogens.low-pressure mercury uv (lp-uv) lamps have long been used for bacterial inactivation, but due to certain disadvantages, such as the possibility of mercury leakage, deep-uv-c light-emitting diodes (duv-leds) for disinfection have recently been of great interest as an alternative. therefore, in this study, we examined the basic spectral properties of duv-leds and the effects of uv-c irradiation for inactivating foodborne pathogens, including escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica serovar ty ...201526162872
occurrence of listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meat products and meat processing plants in spain.the aim of this work was to study the occurrence of listeria monocytogenes in several types of ready-to-eat (rte) meat products and in the environment of meat processing plants. a total of 129 samples of rte meat products and 110 samples from work surfaces and equipment were analyzed. l. monocytogenes was detected in 6 out of 35 cooked products (17.14%), 21 out of 57 raw-cured products (36.84%), and 9 out of 37 dry-cured, salted products (24.32%). the number of sample units that exceeded the foo ...201528231204
spontaneous restoration of transplantation tolerance after acute rejection.transplantation is a cure for end-stage organ failure but, in the absence of pharmacological immunosuppression, allogeneic organs are acutely rejected. such rejection invariably results in allosensitization and accelerated rejection of secondary donor-matched grafts. transplantation tolerance can be induced in animals and a subset of humans, and enables long-term acceptance of allografts without maintenance immunosuppression. however, graft rejection can occur long after a state of transplantati ...201526151823
age-related gene expression differences in monocytes from human neonates, young adults, and older adults.a variety of age-related differences in the innate and adaptive immune systems have been proposed to contribute to the increased susceptibility to infection of human neonates and older adults. the emergence of rna sequencing (rna-seq) provides an opportunity to obtain an unbiased, comprehensive, and quantitative view of gene expression differences in defined cell types from different age groups. an examination of ex vivo human monocyte responses to lipopolysaccharide stimulation or listeria mono ...201526147648
cooperative transcriptional activation of antimicrobial genes by stat and nf-κb pathways by concerted recruitment of the mediator complex.the transcriptional response to infection with the bacterium listeria monocytogenes (lm) requires cooperative signals of the type i interferon (ifn-i)-stimulated jak-stat and proinflammatory nf-κb pathways. using chip-seq analysis, we define genes induced in lm-infected macrophages through synergistic transcriptional activation by nf-κb and the ifn-i-activated transcription factor isgf3. using the nos2 and il6 genes as prime examples of this group, we show that nf-κb functions to recruit enzymes ...201526146080
characterization of specific alleles in inla and prfa of listeria monocytogenes isolated from foods in osaka, japan and their ability to invade caco-2 cells.listeria monocytogenes expresses the surface protein internalin a (inla), enabling the invasion of human intestinal epithelial cells to cause severe food-borne diseases. full-length sequence analysis of inla of 114 food isolates resulted in the detection of 29 isolates with a premature stop codon (pmsc) mutation and 6 isolates with 3-codon deletion mutations (aa 738 to 740) in inla. the isolates with inla pmscs demonstrated a significantly lower level of invasion than the other food isolates in ...201526143289
increased spread and replication efficiency of listeria monocytogenes in organotypic brain-slices is related to multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (mlva) complex.listeria (l.) monocytogenes causes fatal infections in many species including ruminants and humans. in ruminants, rhombencephalitis is the most prevalent form of listeriosis. using multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) we recently showed that l. monocytogenes isolates from ruminant rhombencephalitis cases are distributed over three genetic complexes (designated a, b and c). however, the majority of rhombencephalitis strains and virtually all those isolated from cattle cluster ...201526138984
myeloid sirtuin 2 expression does not impact long-term mycobacterium tuberculosis control.sirtuins (sirts) regulate several cellular mechanisms through deacetylation of several transcription factors and enzymes. recently, sirt2 was shown to prevent the development of inflammatory processes and its expression favors acute listeria monocytogenes infection. the impact of this molecule in the context of chronic infections remains unknown. we found that specific sirt2 deletion in the myeloid lineage transiently increased mycobacterium tuberculosis load in the lungs and liver of conditiona ...201526135889
defining and evaluating a core genome multilocus sequence typing scheme for whole-genome sequence-based typing of listeria monocytogenes.whole-genome sequencing (wgs) has emerged today as an ultimate typing tool to characterize listeria monocytogenes outbreaks. however, data analysis and interlaboratory comparability of wgs data are still challenging for most public health laboratories. therefore, we have developed and evaluated a new l. monocytogenes typing scheme based on genome-wide gene-by-gene comparisons (core genome multilocus the sequence typing [cgmlst]) to allow for a unique typing nomenclature. initially, we determined ...201526135865
using the chicken embryo to assess virulence of listeria monocytogenes and to model other microbial infections.microbial infections are a global health problem, particularly as microbes are continually developing resistance to antimicrobial treatments. an effective and reliable method for testing the virulence of different microbial pathogens is therefore a useful research tool. this protocol describes how the chicken embryo can be used as a trustworthy, inexpensive, ethically desirable and quickly accessible model to assess the virulence of the human bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes, which can ...201526134955
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