Publications

antimicrobial prophylaxis for fractured base of skull in children.	the details are reviewed of 50 children who were treated over a 10-year period with clinical signs of fractured base of skull. two patients died early without signs of sepsis--due to the severity of their head injuries. of the remainder, 23 received antibiotic prophylaxis and 25 did not. one patient from each of these groups developed pneumococcal meningitis, and they were successfully treated. our results correlate well with those previously published, confirming the low incidence of infective ...	2006	1393186
accessory adrenal: an incidental finding during orchiopexy.		2006	2870456
accessory adrenal: an incidental finding during orchiopexy.		2006	2870456
a comparative study on the effect of plant extracts with the antibiotics on organisms of hospital origin.	thirty five plants belonging to twenty families were studied for their antimicrobial activity. among the plants tested, 43 % showed antimicrobial activity. fifteen plants belonging to 10 families exhibited activity against gram positive bacteria and gram negative bacteria. four plants namely azadirachta indica, garadenia jasminoides, magnifera indica, and wrightia tinctora showed an appreciable activity against the gram positive bacteria and seven plants against gram negative organisms. leaf ext ...	2006	22557227
pubertal development after bone marrow transplantation in adolescents.		2006	1760642
pubertal development after bone marrow transplantation in adolescents.		2006	1760642
pauciconfibula subsolana n. sp. (monogenea: microcotylidae) from morone americana (perciformes: percichthyidae) collected in fresh water in new brunswick, canada.	pauciconfibula subsolana n. sp. (monogenea: microcotylidae) is proposed for parasites found on the inner surface of the operculum of morone americana collected in the freshwater reaches of the saint john river, near mactaquac, new brunswick. pauciconfibula subsolana is differentiated from other species in the genus by the 2 posterolateral clamp sclerites, each of which is composed of 2 distinct sections, and by the absence of appendages on the eggs. an amended generic diagnosis is provided for p ...	2006	1779293
[effect of arterial injection of lipiodol-adriamycin emulsion on hepatocellular carcinoma].		2006	3020138
androgen effects on the development of the zebra finch song system.	in adult zebra finches, males sing and females do not. this behavioral sex difference is associated with sex differences in brain regions that control singing. treatment of hatchling females with androgen causes permanent masculinization of neuron number in the robust nucleus of the archistriatum (ra), a brain region involved in song. we have re-examined the possible permanent effects of androgen on the zebra finch song system by treating male and female hatchlings with silastic implants contain ...	2006	1797353
androgen effects on the development of the zebra finch song system.	in adult zebra finches, males sing and females do not. this behavioral sex difference is associated with sex differences in brain regions that control singing. treatment of hatchling females with androgen causes permanent masculinization of neuron number in the robust nucleus of the archistriatum (ra), a brain region involved in song. we have re-examined the possible permanent effects of androgen on the zebra finch song system by treating male and female hatchlings with silastic implants contain ...	2006	1797353
tooth contact patterns in patients with temporomandibular dysfunction.	the occlusal tooth contact patterns in patients with temporomandibular dysfunction and normal subjects were studied under a range of conditions using a newly devised radiotelemetry system. the patterns in the patient group were completely different from those in the control group. during rest or work, the patients showed higher values for total number and time of tooth contacts, as well as several contacts of extended duration. moreover, many of the tooth contacts during swallowing were plural c ...	2006	1800694
tooth contact patterns in patients with temporomandibular dysfunction.	the occlusal tooth contact patterns in patients with temporomandibular dysfunction and normal subjects were studied under a range of conditions using a newly devised radiotelemetry system. the patterns in the patient group were completely different from those in the control group. during rest or work, the patients showed higher values for total number and time of tooth contacts, as well as several contacts of extended duration. moreover, many of the tooth contacts during swallowing were plural c ...	2006	1800694
[central serous retinopathy (atypical forms)].	in comparison with the typical forms of the central serous chorioretinopathy (cscr), atypical forms are characterized by an older age, the presence of multiple and bilateral foci, the higher tendency for recurrence and the more accentuated functional damages. they may take the form of drpe (diffuse retinal pigment epitheliopathy) and of gravitational epitheliopathy. sedative therapy is justified by the particular psychic background which often accompanies this disease. photocoagulation must be p ...	2006	1817714
[central serous retinopathy (atypical forms)].	in comparison with the typical forms of the central serous chorioretinopathy (cscr), atypical forms are characterized by an older age, the presence of multiple and bilateral foci, the higher tendency for recurrence and the more accentuated functional damages. they may take the form of drpe (diffuse retinal pigment epitheliopathy) and of gravitational epitheliopathy. sedative therapy is justified by the particular psychic background which often accompanies this disease. photocoagulation must be p ...	2006	1817714
positional accuracy of four die tray systems.	this study evaluated the positional accuracy of dies with four die tray systems. the die trays were: (1) accutrac precision die system, (2) model-tray system, (3) sterdo split model tray, and (4) tricodent onecast die tray system. positional change of the dies was measured by using an olympus binocular scanning tunneling microscope (stm). positional change of the dies was the difference between preremoval and postremoval die position. results show that all four die tray systems are not signifi ...	2006	1941672
positional accuracy of four die tray systems.	this study evaluated the positional accuracy of dies with four die tray systems. the die trays were: (1) accutrac precision die system, (2) model-tray system, (3) sterdo split model tray, and (4) tricodent onecast die tray system. positional change of the dies was measured by using an olympus binocular scanning tunneling microscope (stm). positional change of the dies was the difference between preremoval and postremoval die position. results show that all four die tray systems are not signifi ...	2006	1941672
restrained eating, obesity, and cumulative food intake curves during four-course meals.	a four-course meal was presented to six obese and 18 normal weight women in which the second course was eaten ad libitum and the other three courses were fixed in amount. eating behaviour was observed directly and intake was monitored via an electronic scale built into the table under the plate. intake deceleration was observed in the normal weight women who scored low on the herman-polivy (1980) restraint questionnaire and on the cognitive restraint factor (f1) of stunkard and messick's (1985) ...	2006	2064393
jobshares for experienced nurses.	performance audit from a clinical perspective has been widely accepted. within harrogate health care nhs trust, a review of hours worked on day and night duty, coupled with a review of skill mix in one area, led to the successful introduction of a jobshare scheme for experienced nurses.	2006	1562494
comment: recent advances in the antimicrobial chemotherapy of leprosy.		2006	1569823
lie to me no more: believable stories and marital affairs.	this case study illustrates the dilemmas of systemic practice when the presenting problem is relational infidelity (marital affairs). after several months of treatment with a structural therapist, the couple and therapist were at an impasse because of arguments over the husband's alleged sexual encounter 3 years previously. the introduction of a consultant and a story-based therapy allowed the couple to reconcile their marital difficulties. the article ends with a discussion of the implications ...	2006	1860485
applying total quality management concepts to public health organizations.	total quality management (tqm) is a participative, systematic approach to planning and implementing a continuous organizational improvement process. its approach is focused on satisfying customers' expectations, identifying problems, building commitment, and promoting open decision-making among workers. tqm applies analytical tools, such as flow and statistical charts and check sheets, to gather data about activities within an organization. tqm uses process techniques, such as nominal groups, br ...	2006	1594734
low dose prednisone does not affect calcium homeostasis or bone density in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis.	to assess whether low doses of prednisone produce generalized alterations in skeletal homeostasis in rheumatoid arthritis (ra), indices of calcium metabolism and bone mineral density (bmd) were measured in 22 women with ra treated without or with prednisone (6.6 mg daily). ionized and total calcium concentrations, intact parathyroid hormone (pth) and osteocalcin levels were comparable in the 2 groups. bmd measurements in the lumbar spine, and proximal femur sites including the femoral neck, ward ...	2006	1856804
low dose prednisone does not affect calcium homeostasis or bone density in postmenopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis.	to assess whether low doses of prednisone produce generalized alterations in skeletal homeostasis in rheumatoid arthritis (ra), indices of calcium metabolism and bone mineral density (bmd) were measured in 22 women with ra treated without or with prednisone (6.6 mg daily). ionized and total calcium concentrations, intact parathyroid hormone (pth) and osteocalcin levels were comparable in the 2 groups. bmd measurements in the lumbar spine, and proximal femur sites including the femoral neck, ward ...	2006	1856804
are bunina bodies of endoplasmic reticulum origin? an ultrastructural study of subthalamic eosinophilic inclusions in a case of atypical motor neuron disease.	we carried out an electron microscopic study of eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions in the subthalamic neurons in a case of atypical motor neuron disease. these inclusions were identical in light microscopic morphology and staining characteristics to bunina bodies. ultrastructurally, most of the intracytoplasmic inclusions observed were divisible into two different types (i and ii). type i inclusions had features essentially identical to those of bunina bodies demonstrated previously in the ...	2006	1664638
[emission computed tomography in the diagnosis of lung diseases].	investigations of pulmonary perfusion with 99m tc-mma by the method of emission computed tomography (ect) were conducted in 172 patients with different pulmonary diseases. the authors described ect procedure of the lungs and scinti-tomographic symptomatology typical of the normal lungs and different types of pulmonary pathology (lung cancer, benign tumors, metastases and chronic inflammatory pulmonary processes). a high sensitivity of ect as compared to poly-positional scintigraphy was shown. th ...	2006	3257804
[emission computed tomography in the diagnosis of lung diseases].	investigations of pulmonary perfusion with 99m tc-mma by the method of emission computed tomography (ect) were conducted in 172 patients with different pulmonary diseases. the authors described ect procedure of the lungs and scinti-tomographic symptomatology typical of the normal lungs and different types of pulmonary pathology (lung cancer, benign tumors, metastases and chronic inflammatory pulmonary processes). a high sensitivity of ect as compared to poly-positional scintigraphy was shown. th ...	2006	3257804
selective gut decontamination reduces nosocomial infections and length of stay but not mortality or organ failure in surgical intensive care unit patients.	suppression of the gut luminal aerobic flora to reduce nosocomial infections was tested in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in patients in a surgical intensive care unit who had persistent hypermetabolism. forty-six patients were randomized to receive either norfloxacin, 500-mg suspension every 8 hours, together with nystatin, 1 million units every 6 hours, or matching placebo solutions administered through a nasogastric tube within 48 hours of surgical ...	2006	1540093
australia's most pressing social problem: nursing vs non-nursing students' views.	nursing and non-nursing students (n = 297) were surveyed in 1989 for their opinion of 'australia's most pressing social problem'. significant differences were found between the two groups. although race relations in australia headed the concerns of both groups of students, nursing students consistently chose health-related issues as their choices for 'the most pressing social problem' facing the australian nation. several explanations for this 'focused' interest of nursing students are discussed ...	2006	1538676
what's happening with the royal commission report?		2006	1525232
are electrocardiogram changes the first sign of impending peri-operative pneumothorax?	a patient in the right lateral position underwent left nephrectomy, after which he was placed supine for insertion of an arteriovenous fistula. all haemodynamic and respiratory values, including peak inspiratory pressure, were within normal limits and unchanged from baseline measurements. however, following the position change we noted that the amplitude of the electrocardiogram complexes were dramatically reduced. our differential diagnosis included the possibility of a pneumothorax, which was ...	2006	1489031
sleep patterns in acute ischemic stroke.	we studied polysomnographic recordings using an oxford medilog 9000 system in 18 patients with ischemic stroke in the middle cerebral artery territory. all patients underwent neurologic examination and brain ct scan within 5 h after the onset of symptoms. polysomnographic recordings were started immediately thereafter and went on for three nights. clinical and polysomnographic follow-up were performed 3 weeks after admission. the number and duration of rem phases were significantly reduced in th ...	2006	1481642
[hemodynamics and serum nitroglycerin concentration during intraoperative use of nitroglycerin patches].	we investigated the effect of number of nitroglycerin (tng) as patches, containing 5 mg of tng per sheet, on hemodynamics in 29 adult patients undergoing elective surgery. patients were randomly allocated to four groups according to the number of the sheets applied (0, 2, 5 and 10 sheets). hemodynamics as well as plasma tng concentration were measured at 4 points (just before and 30, 60 or 120 minutes after application of tng patch) in each group (n > or = 6). plasma tng concentrations depended ...	2006	1479656
the commensal rodents and their flea fauna in alexandria city, egypt.		2006	3373038
spontaneous degenerative polyarthritis in male new zealand black/kn mice.	histopathologic studies and radiographic analysis revealed that male new zealand black/kn (nzb/kn) mice develop degenerative polyarthritis in the joints of the forepaw and hindpaw beginning at age 2 months. deposits of autoantibodies were observed on proliferating collagen fibers, nuclei of chondrocytes, and epidermal cells. increases in the frequency of positivity for rheumatoid factor and anti-type ii collagen antibodies and in the level of serum oxidation activity were noted in these mice. th ...	2006	1994914
[experience of the interaction of forensic medical and pathological anatomy services].		2006	1831971
[hospital changes the elderly into nursing home patients. interview by bjørn arild ostby].		2006	1489596
tracking clinical learning experience.		2006	1472156
dermatologic lasers: three decades of progress.		2006	1459753
peripheral exchange transfusions.		2006	1459692
prescription and misuse of benzodiazepines in the federal republic of germany.	reliable benzodiazepine prescription data are now available for the federal republic of germany by the establishment of gkv-index. in 1981, 4 benzodiazepines were among the 25 highest ranking drugs in the frg according to total number of prescriptions. a decline of benzodiazepine prescriptions was observed in 1983 and 1984; two short-acting compounds achieved a higher ranking position. benzodiazepines make up to about two thirds of all psychotropic drugs prescribed. these data are compared to so ...	2006	2870514
the connecticut state medical society: its antecedents and early history.		2006	1458881
the pattern of plasma renin activity and aldosterone system in patients with sustained hydronephrosis.	twenty-six patients with unilateral and bilateral hydronephrosis were subjected to investigation to identify the patterns of pra-aldosterone system. the incidence of hypertension in the unilateral group was 28.5%, while in the bilateral group it was 50%; the overall incidence was 34.6%. in the hypertensive patients (9 cases), plasma renin activity and aldosterone were normal in one, and elevated in three. aldosterone only was elevated in 3 cases, while pra was elevated in 2. in the normotensive ...	2006	3294713
prognostic indicators in fulminant hepatic failure.	because of the inhomogeneous prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure, prognostic criteria are required which help to establish the indication for liver transplantation as a successful therapeutic procedure. in our study of 33 patients with fulminant hepatic failure (94% viral hepatitis, 67% hepatitis b), serum bilirubin > 320 or < 160 mumol/l, serum creatinine > 110 mumol/l, prothrombin time < 15% of the normal value and duration of jaundice until onset of encephalopathy > 7 days indicated a fata ...	2006	1449004
ergotamine-metoclopramide for migraine: is it enough?		2006	1446995
laparoscopic vagotomy: a new tool in the management of duodenal ulcer disease.		2006	1422777
[pulmonary carcinomatous lymphangitis and renal adenocarcinoma].	the case of a 7 year-old who presented with lymphangitic carcinomatosis revealed by lung biopsy and secondary to renal adenocarcinoma is described. this biopsy was performed because of radiologic and clinical signs associating bilateral interstitial infiltrates, mediastinal adenopathy and gradually increasing respiratory distress. despite treatment, the child died two weeks later.	2006	2082848
single determination of ca 15.3 and bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis of skeletal metastases of breast cancer.	single determination of ca 15.3 and bone scintigraphy were performed on the same day as follow-up procedures in 864 patients with breast cancer. the sensitivity and specificity of bone scintigraphy for skeletal metastases were 99% and 88.8%, respectively. the overall sensitivity and specificity of ca 15.3 (cut-off for pathological values greater than 30 u/ml) for cancer recurrence or distant metastases were 69.2% and 92.1%, respectively. the sensitivity of ca 15.3 for bone metastases was lower ( ...	2006	1450226
vasomotion in venous disease.	abnormalities of the capillary microcirculation may be important in the pathogenesis of venous ulceration. in this study the characteristics of capillary vasomotion in venous disease have been studied using laser doppler flowmetry. the amplitude and frequency of vasomotion in the skin microcirculation as measured by laser doppler flowmetry was determined in 101 subjects. these comprised 43 subjects with venous disease and lipodermatosclerosis (lds), 14 subjects with uncomplicated varicose veins ...	2006	1828270
parity, ethnic group and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes: the coventry diabetes study.	the prevalence of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent diabetes) in relation to parity was compared among south asian (asian) and european women during a cross-sectional house-to-house screening programme for diabetes in foleshill, coventry, uk. the parity of female residents was ascertained in 8 of the 12 areas visited. these areas contained 2096 european (68 with diabetes diagnosed) and 1148 asian women (95 with diabetes diagnosed). crude prevalence of type 2 diabetes was 3.2% and 14.7% in europeans ...	2006	1395461
the prognostic value of fetal ultrasonography before induction of labour.	to investigate whether ultrasound examination of the fetus and amniotic fluid before induction of labour can provide useful prognostic information about the course of labour and mode of delivery.	2006	1450140
single and multigland disease in primary hyperparathyroidism: clinical follow-up, histopathology, and flow cytometric dna analysis.	two-hundred seventy-four patients with primary hyperparathyroidism had selective removal of enlarged parathyroid glands. biopsies were taken from all parathyroid glands. normal-size glands were not resected irrespective of their histological appearance. after a mean follow-up of 13.5 years the rates of persistent and recurrent hyperparathyroidism were, respectively, 3.6% and 0.7%. transient and permanent hypoparathyroidism occurred in 24% and 2.5% of the patients. the microscopic appearance of e ...	2006	1413843
pseudo-chediak-higashi anomaly in acute myeloid leukemia (m2) of childhood.	the frequency and clinical significance of the pseudo-chediak-higashi (pch) anomaly were studied in 20 children with acute myeloid leukemia (aml) m2 in the fab nomenclature. pch granules were recognized as giant eosinophilic granules, measuring up to 5 microns, in the cytoplasm of leukemic cells on smears. at the electron microscope level, most pch granules were round to oval and outlined by a limiting membrane, and contained homogeneous, granular, crystalloid, rod-like or myelin-like materials. ...	2006	2082666
proposal of a computerized algorithm for continuous wave co2 laser on-line control during orthopaedic surgery. phase i: theoretical introduction and first in vitro trials.	new data obtained from treating polymethylmethacrylate (pmma) with a non-moving cw- 10 watt-co2 laser-beam focused at 2.5'', 5'', 7.5'' and 15.75'' are presented. . the final equations r(tc) and z(tc) for each focal length are proposed. a very interesting correlation between the focal lengths in use and the integrated values of r and z between 0 and 2 sec has been identified and discussed. this result has been used as basis to define a convenient operative protocol to follow during the planning ...	2006	1402302
production-scale purification processes.		2006	1367135
cranio-nasal median splitting for radical resection of craniopharyngioma.	a new surgical approach for radical resection of craniopharyngioma is presented. this approach (cranio-nasal median splitting) involves craniotomy in the centre of the frontal bone, removal of the median portion of the supraorbital bar that incorporates the nasal bone, and detachment of the medial canthal ligaments. the frontal lobes, the cribriform plates, the planum sphenoidale, and the upper nasal cavities are split in the midline. the extraventricular surface of the hypothalamus, the pituita ...	2006	1360632
[indications and role of surgery in painful dysfunction syndromes of the masticatory apparatus].	among the numerous causes of facial neuralgias, the painful dysfunction syndrome of the manducatory apparatus corresponds to a frequent etiology whose thorough study carried out by a multidisciplinary team over about 500 cases allowed their splitting into several evolutive clinical forms. at present, a number of these forms which are particularly painful, require a disk surgery (dislocation reduction, perforation suture, etc.) and if necessary an articular facet surgery (modelling condylectomy, ...	2006	1345711
atomic absorption determination of mercury in fish using the coleman mas-50 mercury analyzer.		2006	4472005
lipopolysaccharides of vibrio cholerae: iii. biological functions.	this review presents the salient features of the biological functions including the (i) endotoxic activities, (ii) antigenic properties, (iii) immunological responses to and (iv) phage receptor activities of the vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharides (lps). the biological functions of the capsular polysaccharide (cps) of v. cholerae have also been discussed briefly as a relevant topic. the roles of lps and other extracellular polysaccharides in the (i) intestinal adherence and virulence of the vibr ...	2006	16185850
white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) recombinant lysozyme has antibacterial activity against gram negative bacteria: vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio parahemolyticus and vibrio cholerae.	c-type lysozyme has been described as an antibacterial component of the shrimp innate defence system. we determined quantitatively the antibacterial activity of white shrimp (litopenaeus vannamei) recombinant lysozyme against three gram negative bacteria: vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio parahemolyticus and vibrio cholerae, using a turbidimetric assay with live bacteria and differential bacterial viable count after interaction with the protein. in conclusion, the antibacterial activity of recombinan ...	2006	16098764
multiplex real-time pcr detection of vibrio cholerae.	cholera is an important enteric disease, which is endemic to different regions of the world and has historically been the cause of severe pandemics. vibrio cholerae is a natural inhabitant of the aquatic environment and the toxigenic strains are causative agents of potentially life-threatening diarrhoea. a multiplex, real-time detection assay was developed targeting four genes characteristic of potentially toxigenic strains of v. cholerae, encoding: repeat in toxin (rtxa), extracellular secretor ...	2006	16153727
incidence of class 1 integrons in multiple antibiotic-resistant gram-negative copiotrophic bacteria from the river torsa in india.	the presence of class 1 integrons in multiple-antibiotic-resistant (mar) gram-negative copiotrophic bacteria from the river torsa in india was detected using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based screening method. among 100 isolates that were resistant to at least five of the twelve antibiotics tested, 40 carried class 1 integrons, with inserted dna regions of 0.7-3.2 kb. carriage of integrons in strains of higher mar index was found to be statistically significant. dna sequencing was used to ...	2006	16239097
conserved role of the linker alpha-helix of the bacterial disulfide isomerase dsbc in the avoidance of misoxidation by dsbb.	in the bacterial periplasm the co-existence of a catalyst of disulfide bond formation (dsba) that is maintained in an oxidized state and of a reduced enzyme that catalyzes the rearrangement of mispaired cysteine residues (dsbc) is important for the folding of proteins containing multiple disulfide bonds. the kinetic partitioning of the dsba/dsbb and dsbc/dsbd pathways partly depends on the ability of dsbb to oxidize dsba at rates >1000 times greater than dsbc. we show that the resistance of dsbc ...	2006	16280324
characterization of the ectoine biosynthesis genes of haloalkalotolerant obligate methanotroph "methylomicrobium alcaliphilum 20z".	the genes involved in biosynthesis of the major compatible solute ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methylpyrimidine carboxylic acid) in halotolerant obligate methanotroph "methylomicrobium alcaliphilum 20z" were studied. the complete nucleotide sequences of the structural genes encoding l: -aspartokinase (ask), l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid transaminase (ectb), l-2,4-diaminobutyric acid acetyltransferase (ecta), and l-ectoine synthase (ectc) were defined and shown to be transcribed as a single operon e ...	2006	16283251
sialylation regulates peripheral tolerance in cd4+ t cells.	decreased binding by the 6c10 auto-antibody serves as a unique marker for cd4+ t cell unresponsiveness after the induction of t cell tolerance in vbeta8.1 tcr transgenic mice. we further define the nature of the epitope recognized by the 6c10 antibody to be a subset of thy-1 bearing incompletely sialylated n-linked glycans, and furthermore, we demonstrate that tolerant cd4+ t cells have an increased degree of cell-surface sialylation. to test the significance of the altered glycosylation state i ...	2006	16291658
antimicrobial potentiality of the thioxanthene flupenthixol through extensive in vitro and in vivo experiments.	the antipsychotic thioxanthene flupenthixol, possessing a trifluoromethyl substituent at position 2, exhibited a distinct antibacterial property against 352 strains of bacteria from 3 gram-positive and 13 gram-negative genera. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of flupenthixol was determined by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards agar dilution method. mics ranged from 10-100 microg/ml in most of the strains, whilst some strains were inhibited at even lower concentrat ...	2006	16316745
hyperinfectivity: a critical element in the ability of v. cholerae to cause epidemics?	cholera is an ancient disease that continues to cause epidemic and pandemic disease despite ongoing efforts to limit its spread. mathematical models provide one means of assessing the utility of various proposed interventions. however, cholera models that have been developed to date have had limitations, suggesting that there are basic elements of cholera transmission that we still do not understand.	2006	16318414
modelling, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel glucuronide-based probes of vibrio cholerae sialidase.	the development of sialidase inhibitors is an area of continuing interest due to their potential use as therapeutic agents to combat viral and bacterial infections. herein, we report our studies involving the sialidase from the pathogen vibrio cholerae, through the modelling, synthesis and biological evaluation of mimetics of 5-acetamido-2,6-anhydro-3,5-dideoxy-d-glycero-d-galacto-non-2-enonic acid (neu5ac2en, 1), a naturally occurring sialidase inhibitor. these mimetics are o- and s-glycosides ...	2006	16275104
chemotaxis between vibrio cholerae o1 and a blue-green alga, anabaena sp.	the chemotactic response of vibrio cholerae o1 towards the mucilaginous sheath of anabaena sp. was investigated by capillary tube method using a virulent strain of v. cholerae o1, el tor, ogawa (3083-t) and its isogenic mutant (hap-1-t) that lacks the hap gene, which codes for mucinase (ha/protease). homogenates of anabaena sp. and purified mucin were used in this study as chemoattractants. results showed 5.7% bacterial accumulation of wild-type v. cholerae o1 towards 4% homogenates of anabaena ...	2006	16207388
construction and evaluation of a o139 vibrio cholerae vaccine candidate based on a hema gene mutation.	in this paper, we describe the development of vcusm2, a live metabolic auxotroph of vibrio cholerae o139. auxotrophy was achieved by mutating a house keeping gene, hema, that encodes for glutamyl-trna reductase, an important enzyme in the c5 pathway for delta-aminolevulenic acid (ala) biosynthesis, which renders this strain dependent on exogenous ala for survival. experiments using the infant mouse and adult rabbit models show that vcusm2 is a good colonizer of the small intestine and elicits gr ...	2006	16102875
process development for a cuban cholera vaccine based on the attenuated strain vibrio cholerae 638.	genetically modified vibrio cholerae strain 638 (biotype el tor, serotype ogawa) has previously been shown to be immunogenic in animal models and in human trials. our objective in the work reported herein was to describe the process development methods for the production of the 638 attenuated cholera vaccine. cell seed bank, culture of biomass, lyophilization and final formulation were processes were developed. the results show kinetics of culture that fulfils a logistical model. the microbiolog ...	2006	16085342
determination of endotoxin by the measurement of the acetylated methyl glycoside derivative of kdo with gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.	a gas-liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric (glc-ms) method was applied to the detection of 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid (kdo), a constituent of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps, endotoxin). samples containing lps were dried, methanolyzed with 2 m hcl in methanol at 60 degrees c for 1 h and acetylated with acetic anhydride and pyridine (1:1, v/v) solution at 100 degrees c for 30 min, then the products were analyzed by glc-ms or glc-msms. four acetylated methylglycoside methyl ester de ...	2006	15932775
trophic regulation of vibrio cholerae in coastal marine waters.	cholera disease, caused by the bacterium vibrio cholerae, afflicts hundreds of thousands worldwide each year. endemic to aquatic environments, v. cholerae's proliferation and dynamics in marine systems are not well understood. here, we show that under a variety of coastal seawater conditions v. cholerae remained primarily in a free-living state as opposed to attaching to particles. growth rates of free-living v. cholerae (micro: 0.6-2.9 day(-1)) were high (similar to reported values for the bact ...	2006	16343318
resistance of the cholera vaccine candidate iem108 against ctxphi infection.	the cholera toxin (ct) genes ctxab are carried on a lysogenic phage of vibrio cholerae, ctxphi, which can transfer ctxab between toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains of bacteria. this transfer may pose a problem when live oral cholera vaccine is given to people in epidemic areas, because the toxin genes can be reacquired by the vaccine strains. to address this problem, we have constructed a live vaccine candidate, iem108, which carries an el tor-derived rstr gene. this gene encodes a repressor and ...	2006	16343705
immunosensor for the detection of vibrio cholerae o1 using surface plasmon resonance.	an immunosensor for the detection of vibrio cholerae o1 was developed on the basis of surface plasmon resonance (spr). a protein g layer was fabricated by means of the chemical coupling between the free amine (-nh2) groups of protein g and the activated carboxyl groups present on a self-assembled monolayer (sam) consisting of a mixture of 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (mua) and hexanethiol (molar ratio of 1:2). a monoclonal antibody, which was confirmed to be specific to v. cholera o1 by the wester ...	2006	16326089
the regulatory roles of cell surface sialylation and n-glycans in human b cell lymphoma cell adhesion to galectin-1.	surface sialylation and glycosylation of tumor cells is known to affect various biological phenomena. in the present study, we analyzed the regulatory roles of cell surface sialylation in cell adhesion to galectin-1 in the human diffuse large b cell lymphoma (dlbcl) cell line, hbl-2, and burkitt's lymphoma cell line, hbl-8. vibrio cholerae neuraminidase treatment enhanced hbl-2 cell adhesion to galectin-1, suggesting that sialic acid inhibits hbl-2 cell adhesion to galectin-1. the data from empl ...	2006	16327992
a molecular model of the vibrio cholerae cytolysin transmembrane pore.	the cytotoxic activity of some of the most pathogenic strains of vibrio cholerae is associated with a cytolysin protein (vcc), which forms oligomeric transmembrane pores and changes the permeability of intestinal cells. we present here a model structure of the transmembrane pore of vcc based on sequence comparison with other pore-forming toxins. vcc is suggested to form a transmembrane beta-barrel pore with a relatively large trans vestibule region. calculations of the electrostatic profile with ...	2006	16330061
bile acids stimulate biofilm formation in vibrio cholerae.	vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative bacterium that causes the acute diarrhoeal disease cholera. after the bacterium is ingested, it passes through the digestive tract, encountering various environmental stresses including the acidic milieu of the stomach and the toxic effects of bile in the duodenum. while these stresses serve as part of a host defence system, v. cholerae has evolved resistance mechanisms that allow it to evade these defences and establish infection. we examined the expression pr ...	2006	16359328
territorial waters of the baltic sea as a source of infections caused by vibrio cholerae non-o1, non-o139: report of 3 hospitalized cases.	a fatal infection with temporal relation to 2 other febrile infections caused by vibrio cholerae non-o1, non-o139 (ncv) occurred in finland in 2003. all infections were associated with contact with seawater. the patient who died had also eaten home-salted whitefish, tested positive for ncv, preceding his symptoms. all patients had compromising factors, and all strains were distinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and negative for the ctx gene. these 3 cases illustrate that, despite be ...	2006	16368474
identification of a constitutively active variant of luxo that affects production of ha/protease and biofilm development in a non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae o110.	pathogenesis of vibrio cholerae depends on the concerted action of numerous virulence factors that includes a secreted hemagglutinin (ha) protease. recent studies have evidenced that the expression of these virulence factors as well as the genes responsible for biofilm development is subject to control by quorum sensing in this organism. at low cell density, luxo, the pivotal regulator of quorum-sensing circuit, has been shown to be phosphorylated at aspartate-47. working in concert with sigma-5 ...	2006	16376028
helicobacter pylori-associated chronic atrophic gastritis involving the gastric body and severe disease by vibrio cholerae.	evidence has associated chronic infection by helicobacter pylori with chronic gastritis, low gastric acid production and an increased risk of life-threatening cholera. however, the relationship of specific patterns of histological damage in the gastric mucosa associated with h. pylori infection and the occurrence of cholera has not been described. the purpose of this study was to compare the gastric ph and histopathological findings in gastric biopsies taken from patients with severe diarrhoeal ...	2006	16376396
recent progress in vaccines for amebiasis.	the persistence of amebiasis as a global health problem, despite the availability of effective treatment, has led to the search for vaccines to prevent this deadly disease. recent clinical studies suggest that mucosal immunity could provide some protection against recurrent intestinal infection with e. histolytica, but there is contradictory evidence about protective immunity after amebic liver abscess. progress in vaccine development has been facilitated by new animal models that allow better t ...	2006	16380333
autorepression of rctb, an initiator of vibrio cholerae chromosome ii replication.	the rctb protein binds to the origin of replication of vibrio cholerae chromosome ii (chrii) and is required for oriciivc-based replication. here, we found that rctb acts as an autorepressor, inhibiting rctb transcription. integration host factor promotes rctb transcription, while dam and dnaa, factors required for replication of both v. cholerae chromosomes, influence rctb autorepression. thus, rctb appears to regulate chrii replication as both an initiator and a transcription repressor, and it ...	2006	16385068
a vibrio cholerae relaxed (rela) mutant expresses major virulence factors, exhibits biofilm formation and motility, and colonizes the suckling mouse intestine.	we have constructed a relaxed mutant of el tor biotype vibrio cholerae strain c7258 by disruption of the rela catalytic domain. the ability of the v. cholerae relaxed mutant to biosynthesize guanosine tetraphosphate and pentaphosphate was severely affected; the mutant showed a reduced growth rate in minimal medium that could be reversed by the addition of casamino acids, and it was thermosensitive. contrary to published findings, the new rela mutant still produced significant cholera toxin and t ...	2006	16385069
fluoroquinolone-resistant vibrio cholerae isolated during a cholera outbreak in india.	during the cholera epidemic of 2002 in and around hubli, south india, vibrio cholerae strains resistant to fluoroquinolones were isolated. among the isolates of v. cholerae non-o1, non-o139 serogroups, 55.9% and 47.1% were resistant to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. however, only 12.5% of the o1 serogroup strains were resistant to both norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. though the o139 serogroup strains were susceptible to these antibiotics, they exhibited multidrug resistance. emergen ...	2006	16246383
slyd proteins from different species exhibit high prolyl isomerase and chaperone activities.	slyd is a putative folding helper protein from the escherichia coli cytosol, which consists of an n-terminal prolyl isomerase domain of the fkbp type and a presumably unstructured c-terminal tail. we produced truncated versions without this tail (slyd) for slyd from e. coli, as well as for the slyd orthologues from yersinia pestis, treponema pallidum, pasteurella multocida, and vibrio cholerae. they are monomeric in solution and unfold reversibly. all slyd variants catalyze the proline-limited r ...	2006	16388577
antidiarrhoeal evaluation of aegle marmelos (correa) linn. root extract.	a study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antidiarrhoeal potential of chloroform extract of the root of aegle marmelos (correa) linn. the in vitro activity was determined by agar dilution and disc diffusion techniques. the extract was studied in vivo in rats. of the 35 tested pathogenic diarrhoea causing strains, the extract was found to be mostly active against the strains of vibrio cholerae, followed by escherichia coli and shigella spp. the in vitro activity was found to be ...	2006	16397850
evaluation of three rapid diagnostic tests for cholera: does the skill level of the technician matter?	to evaluate smart, medicos dip stick and an institut pasteur (ip) cholera dipstick tests for accuracy and ease of use.	2006	16398755
comparison of methods for recovering vibrio cholerae o1 from ice.	alkaline peptone water (1% peptone, 1% nacl, ph 8.5) and trypticase soy yeast extract broth (tsyb) supplemented with 2.5% nacl (ph 8.5) or 1% nacl (ph 7.5) were evaluated as enrichment broths for the isolation of vibrio cholerae o1 from ice. thirty samples of sterile and nonsterile mineral water were inoculated with cell suspensions of this bacterium, quickly frozen, and stored for 3 days at--18 degrees c. after thawing, samples were analyzed by a three-tube most-probable-number technique. incub ...	2006	16416923
dependent population dynamics between chironomids (nonbiting midges) and vibrio cholerae.	vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, is a natural inhabitant of the aquatic ecosystem. chironomid (nonbiting midges) egg masses were recently found to harbour v. cholerae non-o1 and non-o139, providing a natural reservoir for the cholera bacterium. chironomid populations and the presence of v. cholerae in chironomid egg masses were monitored. all v. cholerae isolates were able to degrade chironomid egg masses. the following virulence associated genes were detected in the bacterial is ...	2006	16420618
disarming pathogens--a new approach for antibiotic development.		2006	16421373
two cases of toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 infection after hurricanes katrina and rita--louisiana, october 2005.	louisiana was struck by hurricane katrina on august 29, 2005, and by hurricane rita on september 24, 2005. the two hurricanes caused unprecedented damage from wind and storm surge to the louisiana gulf coast region, and levee breaks resulted in flooding of large residential areas in and around new orleans. with the flooding, an immediate public health concern was the potential for outbreaks of infectious diseases, including cholera. nearly all vibrio infections in the united states are caused by ...	2006	16424854
o1 and non-o1 vibrio cholerae bacteremia produced by hemolytic strains.	vibrio cholerae are gram-negative bacteria capable of producing serious infections. they are differentiated into o1 and non-o1 serogroups, depending on their ability to agglutinate with specific antiserum. in contrast to non-o1 v. cholerae, which are more prone to invading the bloodstream, v. cholerae o1 is rarely the cause of bacteremia. we describe 2 cases of o and non-o1 v. cholerae bacteremia in patients with hepatitis c virus cirrhosis. we postulate that the hemolytic properties of the isol ...	2006	16426794
identification and characterization of rbma, a novel protein required for the development of rugose colony morphology and biofilm structure in vibrio cholerae.	phase variation between smooth and rugose colony variants of vibrio cholerae is predicted to be important for the pathogen's survival in its natural aquatic ecosystems. the rugose variant forms corrugated colonies, exhibits increased levels of resistance to osmotic, acid, and oxidative stresses, and has an enhanced capacity to form biofilms. many of these phenotypes are mediated in part by increased production of an exopolysaccharide termed vps. in this study, we compared total protein profiles ...	2006	16428409
segregation of the replication terminus of the two vibrio cholerae chromosomes.	genome duplication and segregation normally are completed before cell division in all organisms. the temporal relation of duplication and segregation, however, can vary in bacteria. chromosomal regions can segregate towards opposite poles as they are replicated or can stay cohered for a considerable period before segregation. the bacterium vibrio cholerae has two differently sized circular chromosomes, chromosome i (chri) and chrii, of about 3 and 1 mbp, respectively. the two chromosomes initiat ...	2006	16428410
activation of the vibrio cholerae sos response is not required for intestinal cholera toxin production or colonization.	cholera toxin, one of the main virulence factors of vibrio cholerae, is encoded in the genome of ctxphi, a v. cholerae-specific lysogenic filamentous bacteriophage. although the genes encoding cholera toxin, ctxab, are known to have their own promoter, the toxin genes can also be transcribed from an upstream ctxphi promoter, prsta. the v. cholerae sos response to dna damage induces the ctx prophage by stimulating gene expression initiating from prsta. here, we investigated whether ctxa mrna leve ...	2006	16428736
genetic and phenotypic diversity of quorum-sensing systems in clinical and environmental isolates of vibrio cholerae.	vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera, a severe and devastating diarrheal disease. v. cholerae lives naturally in various aquatic habitats during interepidemic periods. recent studies reveal that quorum-sensing systems, which exist in many bacteria and help them monitor their population densities and regulate various cellular functions, control v. cholerae pathogenesis, biofilm formation, and protease production. in this study we surveyed quorum-sensing systems in 16 geographically d ...	2006	16428762
identification of a conserved bacterial protein secretion system in vibrio cholerae using the dictyostelium host model system.	the bacterium vibrio cholerae, like other human pathogens that reside in environmental reservoirs, survives predation by unicellular eukaryotes. strains of the o1 and o139 serogroups cause cholera, whereas non-o1/non-o139 strains cause human infections through poorly defined mechanisms. using dictyostelium discoideum as a model host, we have identified a virulence mechanism in a non-o1/non-o139 v. cholerae strain that involves extracellular translocation of proteins that lack n-terminal hydropho ...	2006	16432199
multilocus sequence typing (mlst) analysis of vibrio cholerae o1 el tor isolates from mozambique that harbour the classical ctx prophage.	vibrio cholerae o1 isolates belonging to the ogawa serotype, el tor biotype, harbouring the classical ctx prophage were first isolated in mozambique in 2004. multilocus sequence typing (mlst) analysis using nine genetic loci showed that the mozambique isolates have the same sequence type (st) as o1 el tor n16961, a representative of the current seventh cholera pandemic. analysis of the ctx prophage in the mozambique isolates indicated that there is one type of rstr in these isolates: the classic ...	2006	16434708
trends in cholera epidemiology.		2006	16435891
a review of vaccine research and development: human enteric infections.	worldwide, enteric infections rank third among all causes of disease burden, being responsible for some 1.7-2.5 million deaths per year, mostly in young children and infants in developing countries. the main infectious agents responsible for human enteric infections include several viruses (enteric adenoviruses, astroviruses, human caliciviruses (hucv), rotaviruses (rv)) and several bacterial agents, such as campylobacter jejuni, a variety of pathogenic escherichia coli strains including enterot ...	2006	16483695