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optimal control of vaccination in a vector-borne reaction-diffusion model applied to zika virus.zika virus has acquired worldwide concern after a recent outbreak in latin america that started in brazil, with associated neurological conditions such as microcephaly in newborns from infected mothers. the virus is transmitted mainly by aedes aegypti mosquitoes, but direct (sexual) transmission has been documented. we formulate a reaction diffusion model that considers spatial movement of humans and vectors, with local contact transmission of zika virus. vaccination is introduced as a control v ...201931187254
cartography of odor chemicals in the dengue vector mosquito (aedes aegypti l., diptera/culicidae).this study was aimed to identify the chemical compounds of aedes aegypti that can be potentially used to develop pheromone-based vector control methods. in this study, we compared the chemical compounds collected from the organs of mosquitoes at different developmental stages in the life cycle. we also compared the composition and amount of extracts from the different tissues of male and female adult mosquito. interestingly, we found large amount of c17-c20 ethyl and methyl esters in the wings o ...201931186462
male competition and the evolution of mating and life-history traits in experimental populations of aedes aegypti.aedes aegypti is an important disease vector and a major target of reproductive control efforts. we manipulated the opportunity for sexual selection in populations of ae. aegypti by controlling the number of males competing for a single female. populations exposed to higher levels of male competition rapidly evolved higher male competitive mating success relative to populations evolved in the absence of competition, with an evolutionary response visible after only five generations. we also detec ...201931185872
assessing the potential interactions between cellular mirna and arboviral genomic rna in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti.although the role of exogenous small interfering rna (sirna) and p-element induced wimpy testis (piwi)-interacting rna (pirna) pathways in mosquito antiviral immunity is increasingly better understood, there is still little knowledge regarding the role of mosquito cellular microrna (mirna). identifying direct interactions between the mosquito mirnas and the rna genome of arboviruses and choosing the relevant mirna candidates to explore resulting antiviral mechanisms are critical. here, we carrie ...201931185697
seasonal and geographic variation in insecticide resistance in aedes aegypti in southern ecuador.insecticide resistance (ir) can undermine efforts to control vectors of public health importance. aedes aegypti is the main vector of resurging diseases in the americas such as yellow fever and dengue, and recently emerging chikungunya and zika fever, which have caused unprecedented epidemics in the region. vector control remains the primary intervention to prevent outbreaks of aedes-transmitted diseases. in many high-risk regions, like southern ecuador, we have limited information on ir. in thi ...201931181073
screening aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) populations from pernambuco, brazil for resistance to temephos, diflubenzuron, and cypermethrin and characterization of potential resistance mechanisms.resistance to chemical insecticides detected in aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes has been a problem for the national dengue control program (pncd) over the last years. in order to provide deeper knowledge of resistance to xenobiotics, our study evaluated the susceptibility profile of temephos, diflubenzuron, and cypermethrin insecticides in natural mosquito populations from the pernambuco state, associating these results with the local historical use of such compounds. furthermore, mechanisms that ...201931175834
temperature impacts on dengue emergence in the united states: investigating the role of seasonality and climate change.tropical mosquito-borne viruses have been expanding into more temperate regions in recent decades. this is partly due to the coupled effects of temperature on mosquito life history traits and viral infection dynamics and warming surface temperatures, resulting in more suitable conditions for vectors and virus transmission. in this study, we use a deterministic ordinary differential equations model to investigate how seasonal and diurnal temperature fluctuations affect the potential for dengue tr ...201931175008
enhanced vector surveillance to control arbovirus epidemics in colombia.in the wake of the zika epidemic, there has been intensified interest in the surveillance and control of the arbovirus vectors aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, yet many existing surveillance systems could benefit from improvements. vector control programs are often directed by national governments, but are carried out at the local level, resulting in the discounting of spatial heterogeneities in ecology and epidemiology. furthermore, entomological and epidemiological data are often collected ...201931171922
community assessments for mosquito prevention and control experiences, attitudes, and practices - u.s. virgin islands, 2017 and 2018.aedes aegypti, the mosquito that carries dengue, chikungunya, and zika viruses, is present throughout the u.s. virgin islands (usvi). to reduce mosquitoborne disease transmission, the usvi department of health (vidoh) is responsible for integrated mosquito management. during january 2016-january 2018, usvi experienced its first zika outbreak, with most cases reported during january-december 2016, as well as two category 5 hurricanes (irma on st. thomas/st. john on september 6, 2017, and maria on ...201931170124
the widespread occurrence and potential biological roles of endogenous viral elements in insect genomes.modern genomic sequencing and bioinformatics approaches have detected numerous examples of dna sequences derived from dna and rna virus genomes integrated into both vertebrate and insect genomes. retroviruses encode rna-dependent dna polymerases (reverse transcriptases) and integrases that convert their rna viral genomes into dna proviruses and facilitate proviral dna integration into the host genome. surprisingly, dna sequences derived from rna viruses that do not encode these enzymes also occu ...201931167954
rnaseq analysis of aedes albopictus mosquito midguts after chikungunya virus infection.chikungunya virus (chikv) is an emerging pathogen around the world and causes significant morbidity in patients. a single amino acid mutation in the envelope protein of chikv has led to a shift in vector preference towards aedesalbopictus. while mosquitoes are known to mount an antiviral immune response post-infection, molecular interactions during the course of infection at the tissue level remain largely uncharacterised. we performed whole transcriptome analysis on dissected midguts of aedes a ...201931167461
aedes aegypti microrna, mir-2944b-5p interacts with 3'utr of chikungunya virus and cellular target vps-13 to regulate viral replication.rna interference is among the most important mechanisms that serve to restrict virus replication within mosquitoes, where micrornas (mirnas) are important in regulating viral replication and cellular functions. these mirnas function by binding to complementary sequences mostly in the untranslated regions of the target. chikungunya virus (chikv) genome consists of two open reading frames flanked by 5' and 3' untranslated regions on the two sides. a recent study from our laboratory has shown that ...201931166953
utilizing larvicidal and pupicidal efficacy of eucalyptus and neem oil against aedes mosquito: an approach for mosquito control.plant-based products can provide safe and biodegradable mosquito control agents. the essential oils have a strong odor due to complex secondary metabolites and exhibit lower density than that of water, which renders them suitable to form a thin layer above the water surface. the present study was designed to evaluate the larvicidal, pupicidal activity of eucalyptus and neem oils against aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus.201931161087
wolbachia pipientis occurs in aedes aegypti populations in new mexico and florida, usa.the mosquitoes aedes aegypti (l.) and ae. albopictus skuse are the major vectors of dengue, zika, yellow fever, and chikungunya viruses worldwide. wolbachia, an endosymbiotic bacterium present in many insects, is being utilized in novel vector control strategies to manipulate mosquito life history and vector competence to curb virus transmission. earlier studies have found that wolbachia is commonly detected in ae. albopictus but rarely detected in ae. aegypti. in this study, we used a two-step ...201931161026
molecular evidence of sequential evolution of ddt- and pyrethroid-resistant sodium channel in aedes aegypti.multiple mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel have been associated with knockdown resistance (kdr) to ddt and pyrethroid insecticides in a major human disease vector aedes aegypti. one mutation, v1016g, confers sodium channel resistance to pyrethroids, but a different substitution in the same position v1016i alone had no effect. in pyrethroid-resistant ae. aegypti populations, v1016i is often linked to another mutation, f1534c, which confers sodium channel resistance only to type i pyre ...201931158225
blood feeding activates the vitellogenic stage of oogenesis in the mosquito aedes aegypti through inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 by the insulin and tor pathways.most mosquitoes, including aedes aegypti, only produce eggs after blood feeding on a vertebrate host. oogenesis in a. aegypti consists of a pre-vitellogenic stage before blood feeding and a vitellogenic stage after blood feeding. primary egg chambers remain developmentally arrested during the pre-vitellogenic stage but complete oogenesis to form mature eggs during the vitellogenic stage. in contrast, the signaling factors that maintain primary egg chambers in pre-vitellogenic arrest or that acti ...201931153832
vapor delivery of plant essential oils alters pyrethroid efficacy and detoxification enzyme activity in mosquitoes.the use of synthetic insecticides to limit the spread of mosquito-borne disease faces a number of significant challenges, including insecticide resistance, concerns related to the environmental impact of widespread insecticide use, as well as slowed development of new insecticide chemistries. one important alternative to broadcast insecticides is the use of personal protection strategies to limit contact with vector species, including the use of spatial repellents that can employ synthetic pyret ...201931153481
transmission of lumpy skin disease virus: a short review.lumpy skin disease (lsd) is a viral transboundary disease endemic throughout africa and of high economic importance that affects cattle and domestic water buffaloes. since 2012, the disease has spread rapidly and widely throughout the middle eastern and balkan regions, southern caucasus and parts of the russian federation. before vaccination campaigns took their full effect, the disease continued spreading from region to region, mainly showing seasonal patterns despite implementing control and e ...201931152757
barriers that limit the implementation of thermal fogging for the control of dengue in colombia: a study of mixed methods.thermal fogging of insecticides is a vector control strategy used by the medellin secretary of health to combat dengue. this method is employed during outbreaks to curb populations of potentially infectious adult mosquitoes and interrupt transmission cycles. while this strategy has been used in medellin since 2007, in some years it has not reduced dengue cases as expected. difficulties in the implementation of fumigation strategies, such as lack of opportunity for treatment and public perception ...201931146722
estimating the impact of city-wide aedes aegypti population control: an observational study in iquitos, peru.during the last 50 years, the geographic range of the mosquito aedes aegypti has increased dramatically, in parallel with a sharp increase in the disease burden from the viruses it transmits, including zika, chikungunya, and dengue. there is a growing consensus that vector control is essential to prevent aedes-borne diseases, even as effective vaccines become available. what remains unclear is how effective vector control is across broad operational scales because the data and the analytical too ...201931145744
effects of constant and fluctuating low temperatures on the development of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) from a temperate region.most studies of the effects of low temperature on the development of immature stages of aedes aegypti (l.) have been performed at constant temperatures in the laboratory, which may not accurately reflect the variable environmental conditions in the field. thus, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of constant temperatures (ct) and fluctuating low temperatures (ft) on the fitness of ae. aegypti of buenos aires, argentina. three ct treatments (12, 14, and 16°c) and three ft treatments (1 ...201931139823
predatory efficacy of five locally available copepods on aedes larvae under laboratory settings: an approach towards bio-control of dengue in sri lanka.many countries are in search of more effective and sustainable methods for controlling dengue vectors, due to undeniable inefficiencies in chemical and mechanical vector control methods. bio-control of vectors by copepods is an ideal method of using interactions in the natural ecosystem for vector management, with minimum consequences on the environment. current study determined the predatory efficacy of five locally abundant copepod species on, aedes larvae under laboratory conditions. copepods ...201931136574
chemical composition and larvicidal activity of the essential oil from the leaves of onychopetalum periquino (rusby) d.m. johnson & n.a. murray.the essential oil (eo) from the leaves of onychopetalum periquino, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (gc-ms), and also was investigated for its larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti larvae. thirteen compounds, representing 91.31% of the crude oil, were identified. major compounds were sesquiterpenes, including β-elemene (53.16%), spathulenol (11.94%) and β-selinene (9.25%). the eo showed high larvicidal activity with a lethal con ...201931135221
sodium ascorbate as a potential toxicant in attractive sugar baits for control of adult mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) and sand flies (diptera: psychodidae).attractive toxic sugar baits (atsbs) can be an effective vector control tool, especially in areas where aerial or aquatic applications of pesticides are undesirable or impractical. in general, there is a need to develop novel or alternative insecticides for vector control, and there is a demand from consumers for more 'natural' pest control products. sodium ascorbate (sa) is a naturally occurring antioxidant compound, found in fruits and vegetables, and is available commercially in the united st ...201931134270
high infestation of invasive aedes mosquitoes in used tires along the local transport network of panama.the long-distance dispersal of the invasive disease vectors aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus has introduced arthropod-borne viruses into new geographical regions, causing a significant medical and economic burden. the used-tire industry is an effective means of aedes dispersal, yet studies to determine aedes occurrence and the factors influencing their distribution along local transport networks are lacking. to assess infestation along the primary transport network of panama we documented all ...201931133041
the sulcatone receptor of the strict nectar-feeding mosquito toxorhynchites amboinensis.controlling ae. aegypti populations and the prevention of mosquito bites includes the development of monitoring, repelling and attract-and-kill strategies that are based on understanding the chemical ecology of these pests. olfactory-mediated attraction to mammals has recently been linked to the mosquito aedes aegypti odorant receptor or4, which is activated by animal-released 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (sulcatone). this odorant is also a major component of flower scents and may play a role outside ...201931129164
a genomic approach to inferring kinship reveals limited intergenerational dispersal in the yellow fever mosquito.understanding past dispersal and breeding events can provide insight into ecology and evolution and can help inform strategies for conservation and the control of pest species. however, parent-offspring dispersal can be difficult to investigate in rare species and in small pest species such as mosquitoes. here, we develop a methodology for estimating parent-offspring dispersal from the spatial distribution of close kin, using pairwise kinship estimates derived from genome-wide single nucleotide ...201931125998
phylogeography and invasion history of aedes aegypti, the dengue and zika mosquito vector in cape verde islands (west africa).aedes-borne arboviruses have spread globally with outbreaks of vast impact on human populations and health systems. the west african archipelago of cape verde had its first outbreak of dengue in 2009, at the time the largest recorded in africa, and was one of the few african countries affected by the zika virus epidemic. aedes aegypti was the mosquito vector involved in both outbreaks. we performed a phylogeographic and population genetics study of a. aegypti in cape verde in order to infer the ...201931548858
panophthalmitis associated with scleral necrosis in dengue hemorrhagic fever.dengue is a mosquito-borne flavivirus disease affecting humans. the aedes aegypti mosquito spreads it. ophthalmic manifestations of dengue range from subconjunctival hemorrhage to optic neuropathy. panophthalmitis in dengue fever is a rare finding. we report a case of a 22-year-old male having dengue fever, who presented with pain, redness, swelling and loss of vision in his right eye. he was diagnosed as panophthalmitis with subretinal hemorrhage and required right eye evisceration.201931546563
development of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) mosquito larvae in high ammonia sewage in septic tanks causes alterations in ammonia excretion, ammonia transporter expression, and osmoregulation.larvae of the disease vector mosquito, aedes aegypti (l.) readily develop in ammonia rich sewage in the british virgin islands. to understand how the larvae survive in ammonia levels that are lethal to most animals, an examination of ammonia excretory physiology in larvae collected from septic-water and freshwater was carried out. a. aegypti larvae were found to be remarkably plastic in dealing with high external ammonia through the modulation of nh4+ excretion at the anal papillae, measured usi ...201931836747
the difference of sve-cadherin levels between dengue hemorrhagic fever patients with shock and without shock.dengue virus infection is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus and transmitted by the aedes aegypti mosquito. dengue virus (den-v) consists of 4 serotypes, namely den-1, den-2, den-3, and den-4. the most feared result of dhf is death. death in children is caused by hypovolemic shock due to plasma leakage from intravascular to extravascular space due to endothelial dysfunction.201931592274
a peridomestic aedes malayensis population in singapore can transmit yellow fever virus.the case-fatality rate of yellow fever virus (yfv) is one of the highest among arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses). although historically, the asia-pacific region has remained free of yfv, the risk of introduction has never been higher due to the increasing influx of people from endemic regions and the recent outbreaks in africa and south america. singapore is a global hub for trade and tourism and therefore at high risk for yfv introduction. effective control of the main domestic mosquito vec ...201931589616
temperature and sugar feeding effects on the activity of a laboratory strain of aedes aegypti.aedes aegypti is an invasive mosquito species that is expected to expand its global distribution through climate change. as poikilotherms, mosquitoes are greatly affected by the temperature of the environment which can impact host-seeking, blood-feeding, and flight activity as well as survival and ability to transmit pathogens. however, an important aspect of mosquito biology on which the effect of temperature has not been investigated is water and sugar-feeding and how access to a sugar source ...201931623118
control of rna viruses in mosquito cells through the acquisition of vdna and endogenous viral elements.aedes aegypti transmit pathogenic arboviruses while the mosquito itself tolerates the infection. we examine a pirna-based immunity that relies on the acquisition of viral derived cdna (vdna) and how this pathway discriminates between self and non-self. the pirnas derived from these vdnas are essential for virus control and piwi4 has a central role in the pathway. piwi4 binds preferentially to virus-derived pirnas but not to transposon-targeting pirnas. analysis of episomal vdna from infected cel ...201931621580
analysis in a murine model points to igg responses against the 34k2 salivary proteins from aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti as novel promising candidate markers of host exposure to aedes mosquitoes.aedes mosquitoes are vectors of arboviral diseases of great relevance for public health. the recent outbreaks of dengue, zika, chikungunya and the rapid worldwide spreading of aedes albopictus emphasize the need for improvement of vector surveillance and control. host antibody response to mosquito salivary antigens is emerging as a relevant additional tool to directly assess vector-host contact, monitor efficacy of control interventions and evaluate risk of arboviral transmission.201931618201
amylose inclusion complexes as emulsifiers for garlic and asafoetida essential oils for mosquito control.although the insecticidal properties of some plant essential oils are well-documented, their use in integrated pest and vector management is complicated by their high volatility, low thermal stability, high sensitivity to oxidation, and low solubility in water. we investigated the use of bio-based n-1-hexadecylammonium chloride and sodium palmitate amylose inclusion complexes as emulsifiers for two essential oils, garlic and asafoetida, known to be highly toxic to mosquito larvae. four emulsions ...201931614606
efficacy of active ingredients from the epa 25(b) list in reducing attraction of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) to humans.mosquitoes of the aedes genus are vectors for dengue, chikungunya, zika, and yellow fever viruses. mosquito repellents are an effective way to prevent mosquito bites and reduce the spread of mosquito-borne diseases. in the early 90s, the u.s. environmental protection agency (epa) published a list of active ingredients that pose minimum risk to human health that can be used as pesticides or repellents without passing the epa registration process. the present study examined the efficacy of 21 of t ...201931612914
iron and ferritin deposition in the ovarian tissues of the yellow fever mosquito (diptera: culicidae).dengue, yellow fever, and zika are viruses transmitted by yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti [linnaeus (diptera: culicidae)], to thousands of people each year. mosquitoes transmit these viruses while consuming a blood meal that is required for oogenesis. iron, an essential nutrient from the blood meal, is required for egg development. mosquitoes receive a high iron load in the meal; although iron can be toxic, these animals have developed mechanisms for dealing with this load. our previous res ...201931606748
efficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets with declining physical and chemical integrity on aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).fitting long-lasting insecticidal nets (llin) as screens on doors/windows has a significant impact on indoor-adult aedes aegypti (l.), with entomological reductions measured in a previous study being significant for up to 2 yr post-installation, even in the presence of pyrethroid-resistant aedes populations. to better understand the mode of llin protection, bioassays were performed to evaluate the effects of field deployment (0, 6, and 12 mo) and damage type (none, central, lateral, and multiple ...201931603517
inhibition of dicer activity in lepidopteran and dipteran cells by baculovirus-mediated expression of flock house virus b2.prior studies have suggested that insect dna viruses are negatively affected by dicer-2-mediated rna interference (rnai). to examine this further, we utilized an in vitro assay to measure dicer activity in lepidopteran and dipteran cells, combined with baculoviruses expressing the rnai suppressor b2 from flock house virus or aedes aegypti dicer-2 (aedicer-2) using a constitutive heat shock promoter. addition of cell lysates containing baculovirus-expressed b2 to lysates from dipteran (s2, aag2) ...201931601846
differential susceptibility and innate immune response of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus to the haitian strain of the mayaro virus.mayaro (mayv) is an emerging arthropod-borne virus belonging to the alphavirus genus of the togaviridae family. although forest-dwelling haemagogus mosquitoes have been considered as its main vector, the virus has also been detected in circulating aedes ssp mosquitoes. here we assess the susceptibility of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus to infection with mayv and their innate immune response at an early stage of infection. aedes albopictus was more susceptible to infection with mayv than ae. ...201931601017
management of insecticide resistance in the major aedes vectors of arboviruses: advances and challenges.the landscape of mosquito-borne disease risk has changed dramatically in recent decades, due to the emergence and reemergence of urban transmission cycles driven by invasive aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus. insecticide resistance is already widespread in the yellow fever mosquito, ae. aegypti; is emerging in the asian tiger mosquito ae. albopictus; and is now threatening the global fight against human arboviral diseases such as dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and zika. because the panel of i ...201931600206
consensus and uncertainty in the geographic range of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in the contiguous united states: multi-model assessment and synthesis.aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) and ae. (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse) mosquitoes can transmit dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and zika viruses. limited surveillance has led to uncertainty regarding the geographic ranges of these vectors globally, and particularly in regions at the present-day margins of habitat suitability such as the contiguous united states. empirical habitat suitability models based on environmental conditions can augment surveillance gaps to describe the estimated potenti ...201931600194
rapid screening of aedes aegypti mosquitoes for susceptibility to insecticides as part of zika emergency response, puerto rico.in response to the 2016 zika outbreak, aedes aegypti mosquitoes from 38 locations across puerto rico were screened using centers for disease control and prevention bottle bioassays for sensitivity to insecticides used for mosquito control. all populations were resistant to pyrethroids. naled, an organophosphate, was the most effective insecticide, killing all mosquitoes tested.201931538919
black soldier fly (hermetia illucens) larvae powder as a larval diet ingredient for mass-rearing aedes mosquitoes.the mass production of mosquitoes is becoming more wide-spread due to the increased application of the sterile insect technique (sit) and other genetic control programmes. due to the variable availability and high cost of the bovine liver powder (blp) constituent of many current larval diets, there is an urgent demand for new ingredients in order to support sustainable and efficient mosquito production while reducing rearing cost, without affecting the quality of the insects produced. two black ...201931535969
pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone analog, damages midgut cells and interferes with behaviors of aedes aegypti larvae.juvenile hormone analogs (jha) are known to interfere with growth and biosynthesis of insects with potential for insecticide action. however, there has been comparatively few data on morphological effects of jha on insect organs. to determine pyriproxyfen effects on aedes aegypti larvae, we conducted toxicity, behavioral bioassays and assessed ultrastructural effects of pyriproxyfen on midgut cells. a. aegypti larvae were exposed in aqueous solution of pyriproxyfen lc50 concentrations and evalua ...201931534837
oviposition site attraction of aedes albopictus to sites with conspecific and heterospecific larvae during an ongoing invasion in medellín, colombia.aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus are two globally invasive vectors with similar ecological niches. encounters between them can result in either competitive exclusion or stable co-existence, but it is unclear what drives these variable outcomes. larval competition in favor of ae. albopictus is a main hypothesis for the competitive exclusion of ae. aegypti observed in some regions. however, the role of oviposition preference in determining the degree of competitive larval interactions in the fie ...201931533784
vector competence: what has zika virus taught us?the unprecedented outbreak of zika virus (zikv) infection in the americas from 2015 to 2017 prompted the publication of a large body of vector competence data in a relatively short period of time. although differences in vector competence as a result of disparities in mosquito populations and viral strains are to be expected, the limited competence of many populations of the urban mosquito vector, aedes aegypti, from the americas (when its susceptibility is viewed relative to other circulating/r ...201931533267
the genetic structure of aedes aegypti populations is driven by boat traffic in the peruvian amazon.in the americas, as in much of the rest of the world, the dengue virus vector aedes aegypti is found in close association with human habitations, often leading to high population densities of mosquitoes in urban settings. in the peruvian amazon, this vector has been expanding to rural communities over the last 10-15 years, but to date, the population genetic structure of ae. aegypti in this region has not been characterized. to investigate the relationship between ae. aegypti gene flow and human ...201931532762
update on the distribution of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in misiones, argentina.the asian tiger mosquito ( aedes albopictus, diptera: culicidae) has spread rapidly in the last 30 years from its native region in southeast asia. in argentina, studies on its potential distribution suggest that this species could be found in temperate zones of the province of buenos aires. however, since its initial detection in 1998 ae. albopictus is bounded to the subtropical province of misiones. to evaluate the presence and abundance of ae. albopictus in the northeast of argentina, we preli ...201931531624
a rare presentation of coinfection: dengue virus and hepatitis a virus.dengue fever caused by dengue virus is a common tropical infection transmitted by the mosquitos aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. four strains of the genus flavivirus is responsible for the epidemics of varying severity. hepatitis a caused by hepatitis a virus is spread by faecal-oral route. the culprit virus is a hepatovirus. coinfection with dengue virus and hepatitis a virus is rare and is a diagnostic as well as management challenge to the medical professional. we report a patient who pres ...201931531251
environmental suitability for aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus and the spatial distribution of major arboviral infections in mexico.this paper discusses a comparative geographic distribution of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes in mexico, using environmental suitability modeling and reported cases of arboviral infections.201931528740
host serum iron modulates dengue virus acquisition by mosquitoes.a blood meal is the primary route through which mosquitoes acquire an arbovirus infection. blood components or their metabolites may regulate the susceptibility of mosquitoes to arboviruses. here we report that serum iron in human blood influences dengue virus acquisition by mosquitoes. dengue virus acquisition by aedes aegypti was inversely correlated with the iron concentration in serum from human donors. in a mouse-mosquito acquisition model, iron supplementation reduced dengue virus prevalen ...201931527795
human odour coding in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti.insects use their olfactory systems to obtain chemical information on mating partners, oviposition sites and food. the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti, an important vector of human infectious diseases, shows strong preference for human blood meals. this study investigated the chemical basis of host detection by characterizing the neuronal responses of antennal olfactory sensilla of female ae. aegypti to 103 compounds from human skin emanations. the effect of blood feeding on the responses of ...201931527631
use of maldi-tof ms to identify the culturable midgut microbiota of laboratory and wild mosquitoes.mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting many pathogens to humans and aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus and culex quinquefasciatus are important vectors in the world. the microbiota plays an important role in developmental studies that involve impacts on the biological cycle of mosquitoes and vector control strategies. in this study, the aim was to understand the environment plays in the microbiota culturable diversity of aedes aegytpi, aedes albopictus and culex quinquefasciatus. midgut of stu ...201931525322
toxic effect of essential oil and its compounds isolated from sphaeranthus amaranthoides burm. f. against dengue mosquito vector aedes aegypti linn.aedes aegypti is a major mosquito vector that can transfer many deadly diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, zika, and yellow fever viruses. due to the developing resistance among the vector populations by the application of chemical insecticides, alternative eco-friendly vector management strategies are being focused. in this aspect, the present study was carried out to evaluate the mosquitocidal potentials of essential oil of sphaeranthus amaranthoides (eo-sa). eo-sa was found to be effective ...201931519251
cyp-mediated resistance and cross-resistance to pyrethroids and organophosphates in aedes aegypti in the presence and absence of kdr.aedes aegypti thrives in urban environments and transmits several debilitating human viral diseases. thus, our ability to control this mosquito species in endemic areas is of utmost importance. the use of insecticides, mostly pyrethroids and organophosphates (ops), has long been the primary means of controlling a. aegypti, but widespread insecticide resistance has emerged. the two main mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in a. aegypti are cyp-mediated detoxification and mutations in the target s ...201931519246
chemical composition of the essential oil and n-hexane extract of stachys tmolea subsp. tmolea boiss., an endemic species of turkey, and their mosquitocidal activity against dengue vector aesdes aegypti.stachys tmolea subsp. tmolea boiss. is endemic to turkey and is a species of the genus stachys l. which is one of the largest genera of the family lamiaceae with about 300 species. the aims of this study were to examine the chemical composition of the essential oil and n-hexane extract of s. tmolea subsp. tmolea as natural sources of insecticidal activity against the dengue vector, aedes aegypti. analysis of the essential oil by gc-fid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) systems ide ...201931516330
temporal pattern of mutations in the knockdown resistance (kdr) gene of aedes aegypti mosquitoes sampled from southern taiwan.aedes mosquitoes are the principal dengue vector in taiwan, where the use of insecticides is a key element in the national control strategy. however, control efforts are constrained by the development of resistance to most insecticides, including pyrethroids. in this study, mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) gene resulting in knockdown resistance (kdr) were examined in aedes aegypti. fragments of the vgsc gene were polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-amplified followed by restricti ...201931516108
transgenic aedes aegypti mosquitoes transfer genes into a natural population.in an attempt to control the mosquito-borne diseases yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya, and zika fevers, a strain of transgenically modified aedes aegypti mosquitoes containing a dominant lethal gene has been developed by a commercial company, oxitec ltd. if lethality is complete, releasing this strain should only reduce population size and not affect the genetics of the target populations. approximately 450 thousand males of this strain were released each week for 27 months in jacobina, bahia, ...201931506595
differences in the transmission of dengue fever by different serotypes of dengue virus.dengue fever is the most common arbovirus in the world, and all four serotypes are infectious and pathogenic, but dengue virus (denv)-1 and denv-2 are the most prevalent in guangdong province. to investigate the differences in serotypes, we evaluated the replication, pathogenicity, and ns1 expression of denv-2 and denv-3 in cells, and further investigated the effects of ns1 on viral replication and transmission. the results of this study indicated that denv-2 replicated faster and was more patho ...201931503521
identification of critical factors that significantly affect the dose-response in mosquitoes irradiated as pupae.the sterile insect technique (sit) for use against mosquitoes consists of several steps including the production of the target species in large numbers, the separation of males and females, the sterilization of the males, and the packing, transport and release of the sterile males at the target site. the sterility of the males is the basis of the technique; for this, efficient and standardized irradiation methods are needed to ensure that the required level of sterility is reliably and reproduci ...201931500662
bioengineering of piper longum l. extract mediated silver nanoparticles and their potential biomedical applications.the present investigation highlights the strong antioxidant, anticancer and larvicidal potential of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (agnps) using aqueous leaf extract of piper longum l. for their diverse therapeutic applications. the optimum conditions for the synthesis of agnps were recorded as 1 mm agno3, 60 ± 2 °c at ph 6 for 120 min. synthesized agnps proved to be highly stable and monodispersed as characterized through various techniques. uv-vis spectrum of biosynthesized agnps showe ...201931500006
implication of sexual transmission of zika on dengue and zika outbreaks.dengue and zika viruses belong to the same flavivirus family and usually cocirculate within the same area. both the viruses can be transmitted by a common mosquito species aedes aegypti. however, non-vector-borne transmission of zika virus, such as sexual transmission and vertical transmission, has been reported in recent studies. in this study, we develop a dengue-zika coinfection model with a particular focus on the impact of zika sexual transmission to the transmission dynamics of both dengue ...201931499705
differential susceptibility & replication potential of vero e6, bhk-21, rd, a-549, c6/36 cells & aedes aegypti mosquitoes to three strains of chikungunya virus.chikungunya virus (chikv), a mosquito-borne arthritogenic virus causes infections ranging from febrile illness to debilitating polyarthralgia in humans. re-emergence of the virus has affected millions of people in africa and asia since 2004. during the outbreak, a new lineage of the virus has evolved as an adaptation for enhanced replication and transmission by aedes albopictus mosquito. a study was designed to compare the susceptibility of four vertebrate cell lines, namely vero e6 (african gre ...201931496530
morphological study of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) eggs by x-ray computed microtomography.aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus are vectors of several arboviruses responsible for causing dengue, chikungunya, zika, and yellow fever viruses and microcephaly, resulting in a public health problem in several countries worldwide. even in this scenario, studies on the morphology of mosquito eggs are still lacking. in this paper, x-ray microtomography was used to study mosquito egg morphology. several parameters such as length, surface area, volume, area-by-volume ratio, eccentricity and center ...201931494346
differential response to plant- and human-derived odorants in field surveillance of the dengue vector, aedes aegypti.linalool oxide (lo) and hexanoic acid (ha) represent plant- and human-derived odorants, respectively, previously found as attractants for the dengue vector aedes aegypti. here, we investigated if a blend of both compounds can improve captures of this mosquito species in field trials in two dengue endemic sites, kilifi and busia counties in kenya. ae. aegypti captures were significantly higher in kilifi than busia (χ21,142 = 170.63, p < 0.0001) and varied by treatments (χ25,137 = 151.19, p = 0.00 ...201931494122
genetic stability of live-attenuated zika vaccine candidates.zika virus (zikv) has drawn global attention as the etiologic agent of zika congenital syndrome in babies born to infected pregnant women. to prevent future zikv outbreaks and protect persons at risk for severe disease, we developed two live-attenuated vaccine (lav) candidates containing 10- or 20-nucleotide deletions in the 3'utr of the viral genome (δ10 and δ20). after a single-dose immunization, both δ10 and δ20 lavs protected mice and non-human primates against zikv infection. here, we chara ...201931493417
subgenomic flavivirus rna binds the mosquito dead/h-box helicase me31b and determines zika virus transmission by aedes aegypti.zika virus (zikv) is an arthropod-borne flavivirus predominantly transmitted by aedes aegypti mosquitoes and poses a global human health threat. all flaviviruses, including those that exclusively replicate in mosquitoes, produce a highly abundant, noncoding subgenomic flavivirus rna (sfrna) in infected cells, which implies an important function of sfrna during mosquito infection. currently, the role of sfrna in flavivirus transmission by mosquitoes is not well understood. here, we demonstrate th ...201931488709
applying fuzzy logic to assess the biogeographical risk of dengue in south america.over the last decade, reports about dengue cases have increase worldwide, which is particularly worrisome in south america due to the historic record of dengue outbreaks from the seventeenth century until the first half of the twentieth century. dengue is a viral disease that involves insect vectors, namely aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus, which implies that, to prevent and combat outbreaks, it is necessary to understand the set of ecological and biogeographical factors affecting both the vecto ...201931488198
waterproof, low-cost, long-battery-life sound trap for surveillance of male aedes aegypti for rear-and-release mosquito control programmes.sterile male rear-and-release programmes are of growing interest for controlling aedes aegypti, including use an "incompatible insect technique" (iit) to suppress transmission of dengue, zika, and other viruses. under iit, males infected with wolbachia are released into the suppression area to induce cytoplasmic incompatibility in uninfected populations. these and similar mosquito-release programmes require cost-effective field surveys of both sexes to optimize the locations, timing, and quantit ...201931488182
a graph-based approach for finding the dengue infection pathways in humans using protein-protein interactions.dengue virus (denv) is one of the deadly arboviruses, which is primarily transmitted by aedes aegypti, and causes dengue infection to the humans. according to who, every year around 390 million humans are affected by denv, of which around 50 million deaths are reported. knowledge of the various diseases caused by the denv would greatly encourage to understand the infection mechanism and help to design new antiviral drug discovery. we propose a quasi-clique and quasi-biclique algorithm to classif ...201931486690
vertical transmission of dengue virus in aedes aegypti and its role in the epidemiological persistence of dengue in central and southern mexico.aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus are the main mosquito species responsible for dengue virus (denv) transmission to humans in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. the role of vertical transmission in the epidemiology of dengue and the maintenance of this arbovirus in nature during interepidemic periods remain poorly understood, and denv vertical transmission could sustain the existence of virus reservoirs within aedes populations.201931483936
engineered action at a distance: blood-meal-inducible paralysis in aedes aegypti.population suppression through mass-release of aedes aegypti males carrying dominant-lethal transgenes has been demonstrated in the field. where population dynamics show negative density-dependence, suppression can be enhanced if lethality occurs after the density-dependent (i.e. larval) stage. existing molecular tools have limited current examples of such genetic pest management (gpm) systems to achieving this through engineering 'cell-autonomous effectors' i.e. where the expressed deleterious ...201931479450
travelling arboviruses: a historical perspective.chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and zika viruses share many attributes. all are complex and widespread zoonoses of subhuman primates that have made successful transitions to the urban aedes aegypti transmission cycle. more important, they have an established record of travelling, having moved from their place of origin hundreds of years ago, sometimes repeatedly. understanding their epidemiology requires a knowledge of past behaviors including unexplained restraints to their travel. this is a ...201931472285
identification of human skin bacteria attractive to the asian tiger mosquito.aedes albopictus is a vector of arboviruses and filarial nematodes. originating from asia, this mosquito has rapidly expanded its geographical distribution and colonized areas across both temperate and tropical regions. due to the increase in insecticide resistance, the use of environmentally friendly vector control methods is encouraged worldwide. using methods based on semiochemicals in baited traps are promising for management of mosquito populations. interestingly, human skin microbiota was ...201931464044
quantifying the efficacy of genetic shifting in control of mosquito-borne diseases.many of the world's most prevalent diseases are transmitted by animal vectors such as dengue transmitted by mosquitoes. to reduce these vector-borne diseases, a promising approach is "genetic shifting": selective breeding of the vectors to be more resistant to pathogens and releasing them to the target populations to reduce their ability to transmit pathogens, that is, lower their vector competence. the efficacy of genetic shifting will depend on possible counterforces such as natural selection ...201931462914
stable distinct core eukaryotic viromes in different mosquito species from guadeloupe, using single mosquito viral metagenomics.mosquitoes are the most important invertebrate viral vectors in humans and harbor a high diversity of understudied viruses, which has been shown in many mosquito virome studies in recent years. these studies generally performed metagenomics sequencing on pools of mosquitoes, without assessment of the viral diversity in individual mosquitoes. to address this issue, we applied our optimized viral metagenomics protocol (netovir) to compare the virome of single and pooled aedes aegypti and culex qui ...201931462331
climate drives spatial variation in zika epidemics in latin america.between 2015 and 2017, zika virus spread rapidly through populations in the americas with no prior exposure to the disease. although climate is a known determinant of many aedes-transmitted diseases, it is currently unclear whether climate was a major driver of the zika epidemic and how climate might have differentially impacted outbreak intensity across locations within latin america. here, we estimated force of infection for zika over time and across provinces in latin america using a time-var ...201931455188
breteau index as a promising early warning signal for dengue fever outbreaks in the colombo district, sri lanka.despite the efforts in reducing vector densities, outbreaks of dengue fever have become a frequent event in sri lanka. as explained by dengue transmission dynamics, vector control activities intensified at peak or near peak outbreak situations would not be successful in controlling the outbreaks. a reliable method of outbreak prediction is always warranted for early preparedness. relationships between the monthly breteau indices of the two vector species (aedes aegypti l. and ae. albopictus skus ...201931454507
investigating the impact of chilling temperature on male aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus survival.in genetic control programmes, including the sterile insect technique (sit), it is crucial to release insects of the highest quality with maximum survival. it is likely that male mosquitoes will follow the trend of other insects in sit programmes and be stored, transported and eventually released under chilled conditions. the aim of our study was to investigate the impact of different chilling temperatures on male aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus survival by exposing them to a range of temperatu ...201931454400
selection on aedes aegypti alters wolbachia-mediated dengue virus blocking and fitness.the dengue, zika and chikungunya viruses are transmitted by the mosquito aedes aegypti and pose a substantial threat to global public health. current vaccines and mosquito control strategies have limited efficacy, so novel interventions are needed1,2. wolbachia are bacteria that inhabit insect cells and have been found to reduce viral infection-a phenotype that is referred to as viral 'blocking'3. although not naturally found in a. aegypti4, wolbachia were stably introduced into this mosquito in ...201931451771
mosquito bite prevention through graphene barrier layers.graphene-based materials are being developed for a variety of wearable technologies to provide advanced functions that include sensing; temperature regulation; chemical, mechanical, or radiative protection; or energy storage. we hypothesized that graphene films may also offer an additional unanticipated function: mosquito bite protection for light, fiber-based fabrics. here, we investigate the fundamental interactions between graphene-based films and the globally important mosquito species, aede ...201931451645
host and viral mechanisms of congenital zika syndrome.in 2015-2016, in the americas, and especially in northeast brazil, a significant number of cases of microcephaly and other congenital brain abnormalities were linked with an outbreak of zika virus (zikv) infection in pregnant women. while maternal symptoms of zikv are generally mild and self-limiting, clinical presentation in fetuses and newborns infected is extensive and includes microcephaly, decreased cortical development, atrophy and hypoplasia of the cerebellum and cerebellar vermis, arthro ...201931451049
life history traits and predatory performance of belostoma anurum (hemiptera: belostomatidae), a biological control agent of disease vector mosquitoes.understanding the life cycle and dietary requirements of laboratory-reared insects is critical for optimizing resources (including time) and can provide more reliable ecological basis for using such biological control agents in realistic programs. here, we evaluated the complete development and the predatory abilities of belostoma anurum (herrich-schäffer, 1848) (hemiptera: belostomatidae), an aquatic predator widely distributed in neotropical region, when reared at different diets. we firstly i ...201931446550
exposure of mosquito (aedes aegypti) larvae to the water extract and lectin-rich fraction of moringa oleifera seeds impairs their development and future fecundity.aedes aegypti control is a key component of the prophylaxis of dengue fever and other diseases. moringa oleifera seeds contain a water-soluble lectin (wsmol) with larvicidal and ovicidal activities against this insect. in this study, a. aegypti individuals were exposed at the third larval instar for 24 h to the water extract (0.1-1.0 mg/ml of protein) or lectin-rich fraction (0.05-0.6 mg/ml of protein) containing wsmol, and then their survival and development were followed for 9 days post-exposu ...201931446169
mitochondrial glycerol phosphate oxidation is modulated by adenylates through allosteric regulation of cytochrome c oxidase activity in mosquito flight muscle.the huge energy demand posed by insect flight activity is met by an efficient oxidative phosphorylation process that takes place within flight muscle mitochondria. in the major arbovirus vector aedes aegypti, mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate, proline and glycerol 3-phosphate (g3p) represent the major energy sources of atp to sustain flight muscle energy demand. although adenylates exert critical regulatory effects on several mitochondrial enzyme activities, the potential consequences of alter ...201931446033
deet and other repellents are inhibitors of mosquito odorant receptors for oviposition attractants.in addition to its primary function as an insect repellent, deet has many "off-label" properties, including a deterrent effect on the attraction of gravid female mosquitoes. deet negatively affects oviposition sites. while deorphanizing odorant receptors (ors) using the xenopus oocyte recording system, we have previously observed that deet generated outward (inhibitory) currents on ors sensitive to oviposition attractants. here, we systematically investigated these inhibitory currents. we record ...201931446031
increased akt signaling in the fat body of anopheles stephensi extends lifespan and increases lifetime fecundity through modulation of insulin-like peptides.insulin-like peptides (ilps) and the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling (iis) cascade regulate numerous physiological functions, including lifespan, reproduction, immunity, and metabolism, in diverse eukaryotes. we previously demonstrated that in female anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti mosquitoes, activation of the iis cascade in the fat body led to a significant increase in lifespan. in this work, we elucidated two putative mechanisms in a. stephensi behind the observed lifespa ...201931445957
heterologous production and functional characterization of ageritin, a novel type of ribotoxin highly expressed during fruiting of the edible mushroom agrocybe aegerita.fungi produce various defense proteins against antagonists, including ribotoxins. these toxins cleave a single phosphodiester bond within the universally conserved sarcin-ricin loop of ribosomes and inhibit protein biosynthesis. here, we report on the structure and function of ageritin, a previously reported ribotoxin from the edible mushroom agrocybe aegerita the amino acid sequence of ageritin was derived from cdna isolated from the dikaryon a. aegerita aae-3 and lacks, according to in silico ...201931444206
investigation of relative development and reproductivity fitness cost in three insecticide-resistant strains of aedes aegypti from thailand.knockdown resistance (kdr) and detoxification enzymes are major resistance mechanisms in insecticide-resistant aedes aegypti throughout the world. persistence of the resistance phenotype is associated with high fitness of resistance alleles in the absence of insecticide pressure. this study determined the relative fitness cost of three insecticide-resistant strains of aedes aegypti-pmd, pmd-r, and upk-r-and a hybrid under similar laboratory conditions in the absence of insecticide. the pmd strai ...201931443487
odorant receptors from culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti sensitive to floral compounds.mosquitoes rely heavily on the olfactory system to find a host for a bloodmeal, plants for a source of energy and suitable sites for oviposition. here, we examined a cluster of eight odorant receptors (ors), which includes one or, cquior1, previously identified to be sensitive to plant-derived compounds. we cloned 5 ors from culex quinquefasciatus and two ors from aedes aegypti, ie, cquior2, cquior4, cquior5, cquior84, cquior85, aaegor14, and aaegor15 and then deorphanized these receptors using ...201931442487
first report on the transmission of zika virus by aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) during the 2018 zika outbreak in india.in a recent outbreak of zika virus (zikv) infection in jaipur city (rajasthan, india), a total of 159 cases were reported in september 2018. in order to identify vector responsible for zika transmission, mosquitoes were collected from houses with reported zika cases and nearby houses. a total of 108 pools containing 522 mosquitoes were tested for presence of zikv using rt-pcr and real time rt-pcr. we detected presence of zikv in three pools of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.), out of a total of 79 ...201931442386
new county records of aedes aegypti and aedes epactius in colorado.in august and september 2017, we conducted mosquito surveillance in southeastern colorado by using ovitraps and larval sampling. the aim was to determine if there were established populations of aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus in the region. a single female ae. aegypti was reared from eggs collected in la junta, co, but ae. albopictus was not detected. three other species were reared from eggs and/or larvae: ae. epactius, culex restuans, and cx. pipiens. aedes aegypti and ae. epactius were dete ...201931442179
utilization of electrocoagulation for the isolation of alkaloids from the aerial parts of stemona aphylla and their mosquitocidal activities against aedes aegypti.the electrocoagulation (ec) technique is an alternative method of isolating natural products with the advantage of minimizing the amounts of organic solvents required for this process, which are often harmful to the environment. in this research, the ec and the conventional solvent extraction methods were used in the isolation of stemona alkaloids from the aerial parts of stemona aphylla. a comparison was made between the amounts of the isolated alkaloids and the solvents used. the isolated alka ...201931398781
prolonged mosquitocidal activity of siparuna guianensis essential oil encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles.the use of synthetic insecticides is one of the most common strategies for controlling disease vectors such as mosquitos. however, their overuse can result in serious risks to human health, to the environment, as well as to the selection of insecticidal resistant insect strains. the development of efficient and eco-friendly insect control is urgent, and essential oils have been presented as potential alternatives to synthetic insecticides. moreover, nanoencapsulation techniques can enhance their ...201931398198
forecasting dengue fever in brazil: an assessment of climate conditions.local climate conditions play a major role in the biology of the aedes aegypti mosquito, the main vector responsible for transmitting dengue, zika, chikungunya and yellow fever in urban centers. for this reason, a detailed assessment of periods in which changes in climate conditions affect the number of human cases may improve the timing of vector-control efforts. in this work, we develop new machine-learning algorithms to analyze climate time series and their connection to the occurrence of den ...201931393908
efficacy of spinosad granules and lambda-cyhalothrin contrasts with reduced performance of temephos for control of aedes spp. in vehicle tires in veracruz, mexico.the present study examined the efficacy of λ-cyhalothrin, pyriproxyfen and granular formulations of spinosad and temephos for the control of mosquito larvae present in experimental tires in veracruz state, mexico in the period 2015-2016. both λ-cyhalothrin and spinosad granules provided control of larvae and pupae of aedesaegypti, ae. albopictus and culex spp. in used tires in veracruz state, mexico, over a 9-12 week period, although numbers of culex were low. the numbers of aedes larvae + pupae ...201931390780
the social face of aedes control: women take the floor in a suburban district of fortaleza, brazil.aedes aegypti is currently a critical disease agent and is responsible for viruses such as zika, chikungunya and dengue's four serotypes. this mosquito's relevance to the current social body has come to the fore and triggered urgent ecohealth investigations since this approach aims to articulate different theoretical fields to understand the historical linkages between nature, society and health. based on an ethnographic premise, this study considered the unequal and unfair conditions that make ...201931389545
evaluation of bioactivity of aqueous extracts of bougainvillea spectabilis, saraca asoca, and chenopodium album against immature forms of aedes aegypti.increasing rate of vector transmission of dengue has led to the exponential rise in the mortality and morbidity scales in the past five years. there are various natural and synthetic chemical agents available commercially as potent larvicides, but they are either highly toxic, difficult to obtain, have a high manufacturing cost, or show cross-resistance, hence do not suffice as ideal larvicides. the objective was to screen aqueous extracts of bougainvillea spectabilis (b. spectabilis), saraca as ...201931388235
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