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enhanced survival during experimental listeria monocytogenes sepsis in neonatal mice prophylactically treated with th1 and macrophage immunoregulatory cytokines and mediators.impairments in t-cell and macrophage-mediated host defense lead to increased infection-related morbidity and mortality in neonates, partly because of immaturity in t helper (th)1 function. listeria monocytogenes (lm) is an intracellular pathogen disproportionately causing severe disease among neonates and the immunocompromised. intact macrophage and th1-mediated immune responses are critical for lm clearance. we and others have previously demonstrated downregulation of th1 and macrophage immunor ...201424911893
a trip in the "new microbiology" with the bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes.listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen causing an opportunistic disease called listeriosis. this bacterium invades and replicates in most cell types, due to its multiple strategies to exploit host molecular mechanisms. research aiming at unravelling listeria invasion and intracellular lifestyle has led to a number of key discoveries in infection biology, cell biology and also microbiology. in this review, we report on our most recent advances in understanding the intimate crosstalk betw ...201424911203
congenic mice reveal genetic epistasis and overlapping disease loci for autoimmune diabetes and listeriosis.the nonobese diabetic (nod) mouse strain serves as a genomic standard for assessing how allelic variation for insulin-dependent diabetes (idd) loci affects the development of autoimmune diabetes. we previously demonstrated that c57bl/6 (b6) mice harbor a more diabetogenic allele than nod mice for the idd14 locus when introduced onto the nod genetic background. new congenic nod mouse strains, harboring smaller b6-derived intervals on chromosome 13, now localize idd14 to an ~18-mb interval and rev ...201424906421
enhanced bactericidal action of acidified sodium chlorite caused by the saturation of reactants.factors affecting the antibacterial action of acidified sodium chlorite (asc), a widely used disinfectant, have not been determined. this study investigated the significant factors suggesting efficient production method to maximize bactericidal action of asc.201424905216
cell-wall deficient l. monocytogenes l-forms feature abrogated pathogenicity.stable l-forms are cell wall-deficient bacteria which are able to multiply and propagate indefinitely, despite the absence of a rigid peptidoglycan cell wall. we investigated whether l-forms of the intracellular pathogen l. monocytogenes possibly retain pathogenicity, and if they could trigger an innate immune response. while phagocytosis of l. monocytogenes l-forms by non-activated macrophages sometimes resulted in an unexpected persistence of the bacteria in the phagocytes, they were effective ...201424904838
listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis in adults: analysis of factors related to unfavourable outcome.to analyse the short-term outcome in patients with listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis (lmme) to improve management and outcome.201424902522
effect of cinnamon (cinnamomum zeylanicum) essential oil supplementation on lamb growth performance and meat quality characteristics.a trial was conducted to examine the effect of cinnamon essential oil supplementation on lamb growth performance and meat quality. sixteen male lambs were randomly assigned to two groups. the first group served as control and was given a basal diet, and the second group was given the same diet supplemented with cinnamon oil (1 ml/kg of concentrated feed) for 35 days. incorporation of cinnamon oil did not affect growth performance (p>0.05). meat ph, colour, water-holding capacity, shear force, in ...201424902083
quantum dots and graphene oxide fluorescent switch based multivariate testing strategy for reliable detection of listeria monocytogenes.graphene oxide (go) and quantum dots (qds), as burgeoning types of nanomaterials, have gained tremendous interest in the biosensor field. in this work, we designed a novel multivariate testing strategy that depends on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret) effect between quantum dots (qds) and graphene oxide (go). it integrates the qd-go fret principle and qd probes with different emission peaks into a platform, aims at multiplex gene detection of a human infectious and highly pathoge ...201424901065
dietary pyridoxine controls efficacy of vitamin b6-auxotrophic tuberculosis vaccine bacillus calmette-guérin δurec::hly δpdx1 in mice.the only tuberculosis (tb) vaccine in use today, bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg), provides insufficient protection and can cause adverse events in immunocompromised individuals, such as bcgosis in hiv(+) newborns. we previously reported improved preclinical efficacy and safety of the recombinant vaccine candidate bcg δurec::hly, which secretes the pore-forming listeriolysin o of listeria monocytogenes. here, we evaluate a second-generation construct, bcg δurec::hly δpdx1, which is deficient in py ...201424895310
classification of listeria monocytogenes persistence in retail delicatessen environments using expert elicitation and machine learning.increasing evidence suggests that persistence of listeria monocytogenes in food processing plants has been the underlying cause of a number of human listeriosis outbreaks. this study extracts criteria used by food safety experts in determining bacterial persistence in the environment, using retail delicatessen operations as a model. using the delphi method, we conducted an expert elicitation with 10 food safety experts from academia, industry, and government to classify l. monocytogenes persiste ...201424888445
cultivated strains of agaricus bisporus and a. brasiliensis: chemical characterization and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties for the final healthy product--natural preservatives in yoghurt.agaricus bisporus (j. e. lange) emil j. imbach and agaricus brasiliensis wasser, m. didukh, amazonas & stamets are edible mushrooms. we chemically characterized these mushrooms for nutritional value, hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds. the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of methanolic and ethanolic extracts were assessed. hepatotoxicity was also evaluated. the ethanolic extract of both species was tested for inhibition of listeria monocytogenes growth in yoghurt. both species proved t ...201424881564
combined effects of chlorine and thiamine dilauryl sulfate on reduction of listeria monocytogenes in chicken breast and development of predictive growth models.the inhibitory effect of chlorine (50, 100, and 200 ml/kg) and thiamine dilauryl sulfate (tds: 100, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg) on listeria monocytogenes in chicken breast was investigated. also, predictive growth models as a function of chlorine and tds concentration, and storage temperature (4, 10, and 15°c) were developed using a polynomial model. listeria monocytogenes counts were significantly (p < 0.05) different in samples treated with sterile distilled water and combinations of chlorine and td ...201424879700
microwave-assisted hydrodistillation of essential oil from rosemary.effects of microwave assisted hydrodistillation (mahd) and conventional hydrodistillation (hd) methods on yield, composition, specific gravity, refractive index, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of rosmarinus officinalis l were studied. the main aroma compounds of rosemary essential oil were found as 1,8-cineole and camphor. trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (teac) values for essential oils extracted by mahd and hd were 1.52 mm/ml oil and 1.95 mm/ml oil, respect ...201424876637
[rapid detection of listeria monocytogenes in pork samples by real-time pcr with taqman probe].to develop a real-time pcr method for detection listeria monocytogenes in pork samples.201424868965
selective pharmacologic inhibition of a pasta kinase increases listeria monocytogenes susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics.while β-lactam antibiotics are a critical part of the antimicrobial arsenal, they are frequently compromised by various resistance mechanisms, including changes in penicillin binding proteins of the bacterial cell wall. genetic deletion of the penicillin binding protein and serine/threonine kinase-associated protein (pasta) kinase in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) has been shown to restore β-lactam susceptibility. however, the mechanism remains unclear, and whether pharmacolo ...201424867981
attenuated listeria monocytogenes: a powerful and versatile vector for the future of tumor immunotherapy.for over a century, inactivated or attenuated bacteria have been employed in the clinic as immunotherapies to treat cancer, starting with the coley's vaccines in the 19th century and leading to the currently approved bacillus calmette-guérin vaccine for bladder cancer. while effective, the inflammation induced by these therapies is transient and not designed to induce long-lasting tumor-specific cytolytic t lymphocyte (ctl) responses that have proven so adept at eradicating tumors. therefore, in ...201424860789
numerical spatio-temporal characterization of listeria monocytogenes biofilms.as the structure of biofilms plays a key role in their resistance and persistence, this work presents for the first time the numerical characterization of the temporal evolution of biofilm structures formed by three listeria monocytogenes strains on two types of stainless-steel supports, aisi 304 ss no. 2b and aisi 316 ss no. 2r. counting methods, motility tests, fluorescence microscopy and image analysis were combined to study the dynamic evolution of biofilm formation and structure. image anal ...201424858448
selection and characterization of dna aptamers specific for listeria species.single-stranded (ss) dna aptamers with binding affinity to listeria spp. were selected using a whole-cell selex (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) method. listeria monocytogenes cells were grown at 37°c and harvested at mid-log phase or early stationary phase to serve as the targets in selex. a total of 10 unique aptamer sequences were identified, six associated with log phase cells and four with stationary phase cells. binding affinity of the aptamers was determined usi ...201424857773
release of silver and copper nanoparticles from polyethylene nanocomposites and their penetration into listeria monocytogenes.since infection is a major cause of death in a patient whose immune responses have been compromised (immunocompromised patient), considerable attention has been focused on developing materials for the prevention of infections. this has been directed primarily at suppressing or eliminating the host's endogenous microbial burden and decreasing the acquisition of new organisms. in this study, the antibacterial properties of two nanocomposites, polyethylene modified with silver nanoparticles (pe-agn ...201424857461
dynamic functional modulation of cd4+ t cell recall responses is dependent on the inflammatory environment of the secondary stimulus.the parameters that modulate the functional capacity of secondary th1 effector cells are poorly understood. in this study, we employ a serial adoptive transfer model system to show that the functional differentiation and secondary memory potential of secondary cd4+ effector t cells are dependent on the inflammatory environment of the secondary challenge. adoptive transfer of tcr transgenic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) glycoprotein-specific smarta memory cells into lcmv-immune hosts, ...201424854337
viability of listeria monocytogenes on uncured turkey breast commercially prepared with and without buffered vinegar during extended storage at 4 and 10°c.we determined the viability of listeria monocytogenes on uncured turkey breast containing buffered vinegar (bv) and surface treated with a stabilized solution of sodium chlorite in vinegar (vsc). commercially produced, uncured, deli-style turkey breast was formulated with bv (0.0, 2.0, 2.5, or 3.0%), sliced (ca. 100 g and ca. 1.25 cm thick), and subsequently surface inoculated (ca. 4.3 log cfu per slice) in each of two trials with a five-strain cocktail of l. monocytogenes. next, 1 ml per side o ...201424853523
infrared sensor-based aerosol sanitization system for controlling escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes on fresh produce.an economical aerosol sanitization system was developed based on sensor technology for minimizing sanitizer usage, while maintaining bactericidal efficacy. aerosol intensity in a system chamber was controlled by a position-sensitive device and its infrared value range. the effectiveness of the infrared sensor-based aerosolization (isa) system to inactivate escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes on spinach leaf surfaces was compared with conventional aerosoli ...201424853521
antibacterial activity and immune responses of a molluscan macrophage expressed gene-1 from disk abalone, haliotis discus discus.the membrane-attack complex/perforin (macpf) domain-containing proteins play an important role in the innate immune response against invading microbial pathogens. in the current study, a member of the macpf domain-containing proteins, macrophage expressed gene-1 (mpeg1) encoding 730 amino acids with the theoretical molecular mass of 79.6 kda and an isoelectric point (pi) of 6.49 was characterized from disk abalone haliotis discus discus (abmpeg1). we found that the characteristic macpf domain (v ...201424852343
novel strategies to enforce an epithelial phenotype in mesenchymal cells.e-cadherin downregulation in cancer cells is associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (emt) and metastatic prowess, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely characterized. in this study, we probed e-cadherin expression at the plasma membrane as a functional assay to identify genes involved in e-cadherin downregulation. the assay was based on the e-cadherin-dependent invasion properties of the intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes. on the basis of a functional readout, a ...201424845104
[application and evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for detecting of listeria monocytogenes in food].the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) detection method was applied to detect listeria monocytogenes in food. the specificity and sensitivity of this method were evaluated through comparing it with real-time pcr and conventional detection method.201424844836
[listeriosis and pregnancy].listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous gram-positive bacillus widespread in nature. it is responsible for febrile abortion and encephalitis in cattle. it survives and multiplies at 4°c and does not alter the taste of food. listeria monocytogenes is able to cross 3 host barriers: the intestinal, blood-brain and placental barriers. maternal infection is rare but still severe in france, with 30 to 50 annual cases. maternal infection is frequently asymptomatic, or manifests as isolated fever, wherea ...201424836302
optimization of a real time pcr based method for the detection of listeria monocytogenes in pork meat.the aim of this study was to optimize a real-time pcr protocol for a rapid detection of listeria monocytogenes in pork meat, using reduced volumes of primary selective enrichment broth and times of incubation to decrease the cost and time for analysis. forty-five samples of pork meat were artificially contaminated with two different levels of l. monocytogenes (1-10 cfu per sample and 10-100 cfu per sample), homogenized in three different volumes of half fraser broth (1:3; 1:5 and 1:10) and incub ...201424835318
the function of the chemokine receptor cxcr6 in the t cell response of mice against listeria monocytogenes.the chemokine receptor cxcr6 is expressed on different t cell subsets and up-regulated following t cell activation. cxcr6 has been implicated in the localization of cells to the liver due to the constitutive expression of its ligand cxcl16 on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. here, we analyzed the role of cxcr6 in cd8+ t cell responses to infection of mice with listeria monocytogenes. cd8+ t cells responding to listerial antigens acquired high expression levels of cxcr6. however, deficiency of ...201424832098
evaluation of vidas listeria monocytogenes xpress (lmx) for the detection of listeria monocytogenes in a variety of foods: first action 2013.11.the vidas listeria monocytogenes xpress (lmx) is an automated rapid screening enzyme immunoassay for the detection of listeria monocytogenes in food products. the vidas lmx method was compared in a multi-laboratory collaborative study to aoac official method 993.12 listeria monocytogenes in milk and dairy products reference method following current aoac guidelines. a total of 14 laboratories participated, representing government and industry, throughout the united states. one matrix, queso fresc ...201424830157
evaluation of vidas up listeria assay (lpt) for the detection of listeria in a variety of foods and environmental surfaces: first action 2013.10.the vidas up listeria (lpt) is an automated rapid screening enzyme phage-ligand based assay for the detection of listeria species in human food products and environmental samples. the vidas lpt method was compared in a multi-laboratory collaborative study to aoac official method 993.12 listeria monocytogenes in milk and dairy products reference method following current aoac guidelines. a total of 14 laboratories participated, representing government and industry, throughout the united states. on ...201424830156
colonization of plants by human pathogenic bacteria in the course of organic vegetable production.in recent years, increasing numbers of outbreaks caused by the consumption of vegetables contaminated with human pathogenic bacteria were reported. the application of organic fertilizers during vegetable production is one of the possible reasons for contamination with those pathogens. in this study laboratory experiments in axenic and soil systems following common practices in organic farming were conducted to identify the minimal dose needed for bacterial colonization of plants and to identify ...201424829562
prevalence and contamination patterns of listeria monocytogenes in flammulina velutipes plants.four mushroom (flammulina velutipes) production plants were sampled to investigate the prevalence and contamination source of listeria monocytogenes. among 295 samples, the prevalence of l. monocytogenes was 18.6%; the contamination appeared to originate from the mycelium-scraping machinery, contaminating both the product and upstream packaging equipment. of 55 l. monocytogenes isolates, lineages i.1 (1/2a-3a) and ii.2 (1/2b-3b-7) accounted for 65.5% and 34.5%, respectively. in addition, lineage ...201424824447
investigation of listeria, salmonella, and toxigenic escherichia coli in various pet foods.the veterinary laboratory investigation and response network (vet-lirn), in collaboration with the food emergency response network (fern) and its microbiology cooperative agreement program (mcap) laboratories, conducted a study to evaluate the prevalence of selected microbial organisms in various types of pet foods. the goal of this blinded study was to help the center for veterinary medicine prioritize potential future pet food-testing efforts. the study also increased the fern laboratories' sc ...201424824368
investigating the control of listeria monocytogenes on a ready-to-eat ham product using natural antimicrobial ingredients and postlethality interventions.ready-to-eat (rte) meat and poultry products manufactured with natural or organic methods are at greater risk for listeria monocytogenes growth, if contaminated, than their conventional counterparts due to the required absence of preservatives and antimicrobials. thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the use of commercially available natural antimicrobials and postlethality interventions in the control of l. monocytogenes growth and recovery on a rte ham product. antimicrobials ev ...201424824223
what is new in listeriosis?listeriosis is a disease caused by listeria monocytogenes (l. monocytogenes). l. monocytogenes is bacteria that usually infects some determined inhabitants, especially high risk patients such as the elderly, immunosuppressed patients and pregnant women. however, it can also affect people who do not have these risk factors. l. monocytogenes is widespread in nature being part of the faecal flora of many mammals and it is a common foodborne source. it is acquired by humans primarily through consump ...201424822197
role of tumor suppressor tsc1 in regulating antigen-specific primary and memory cd8 t cell responses to bacterial infection.the serine/threonine kinase mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mtor) integrates various environmental cues such as the presence of antigen, inflammation, and nutrients to regulate t cell growth, metabolism, and function. the tuberous sclerosis 1 (tsc1)/tsc2 complex negatively regulates the activity of an mtor-containing multiprotein complex called mtor complex 1. recent studies have revealed an essential cell-intrinsic role for tsc1 in t cell survival, quiescence, and mitochondrial homeo ...201424818661
staphylococcus pseudintermedius for camp-test.camp test reliably detects listeria monocytogenes (lm) and streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus, gbs); it is traditionally performed streaking the tested isolate perpendicularly to staphylococcus aureus (sa), provided that reference sa strains (that produce β-hemolysin) are used. in a zone of β-hemolysin activity, in fact, gbs and lm form typical arrow-shaped hemolytic areas. while sa production of the toxin is strain-dependent, however, that of staphylococcus pseudintermedius (sp), a ...201424817971
modeling the growth of listeria monocytogenes on the surface of smear- or mold-ripened cheese.surface-ripened cheeses are matured by means of manual or mechanical technologies posing a risk of cross-contamination, if any cheeses are contaminated with listeria monocytogenes. in predictive microbiology, primary models are used to describe microbial responses, such as growth rate over time and secondary models explain how those responses change with environmental factors. in this way, primary models were used to assess the growth rate of l. monocytogenes during ripening of the cheeses and t ...201425072033
systemic listeria monocytogenes infection in a 2-year-old immunocompetent child.central nervous system infection and sepsis are the most frequently observed clinical presentations of listeriosis infection; however, they are rare in immunocompetent children beyond the neonatal period. in the presented case, we described gastrointestinal involvement, subacute meningitis, sinusitis and sepsis in a two-year-old previously healthy child with acute infection caused by listeria monocytogenes. we suggest that the infection was probably enhanced by an inappropriate corticosteroid tr ...201425060681
draft genome sequence of listeria monocytogenes strain li0521 (syn. hpb7171), isolated in 1983 during an outbreak in massachusetts caused by contaminated cheese.listeria monocytogenes, a pathogenic food-borne bacterium, is the causative agent of both sporadic and outbreak cases of human listeriosis. here, we present the genome sequence of l. monocytogenes reference strain li0521, isolated during an outbreak involving contaminated cheese, which has been used as the model during several proteomic studies.201425059873
listeria meningitis and resultant symptomatic hydrocephalus complicating infliximab treatment for ulcerative colitis.listeria monocytogenes, an uncommon pathogen, should be considered by clinicians as a source of sepsis and meningitis in the immunocompromised individuals, including those on anti-tnf alpha agents. immunosuppressant agents including biologic therapies have transformed the management of various rheumatological and dermatological conditions.(1) we report a case of life-threatening l. monocytogenes sepsis and meningitis in a 75-year-old man receiving infliximab for severe ulcerative colitis (uc).201425057381
genetic classification of listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b strains, including epidemic clones, isolated from retail meat in the tokyo metropolitan area.a food-borne pathogen, listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b, has been frequently isolated from patients with listeriosis, and numerous outbreaks of listeriosis are associated with this serotype. in the present study, we performed subtyping of l. monocytogenes serotype 4b strains on the basis of genetic analyses. thirty-four isolates of serotype 4b were classified into 8 genotypes, namely genotypes 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 23, 24, and 25, on the basis of the sequence for the partial iap gene. genetic an ...201425056070
instantlabs listeria monocytogenes food safety kit. performance tested method 051304.the instantlabs listeria monocytogenes food safety kit was validated against the international organization for standardization (iso) reference method 11290-1 for the detection of listeria monocytogenes and other listeria species. the matrixes (stainless steel, sealed concrete, ice cream, whole milk, cheddar cheese, raw shrimp, hot dogs, deli turkey, and lettuce) were inoculated with approximately 1 cfu/test portion of l. monocytogenes to generate fractional positives (5-15) in 20 inoculated sam ...201425051634
instantlabs listeria species food safety kit. performance tested methods 041304.the instantlabs listeria species food safetykitwas validated against the international organization for standardization (iso) reference method 11290-1 for the detection of listeria monocytogenes and other listeria species. the matrixes (stainless steel, sealed concrete, cheddar cheese, raw shrimp, and hot dogs) were inoculated with approximately 1 cfu/test portion of various listeria species to generate fractional positives (5-15) in 20 inoculated samples. enrichments were also fractionally inoc ...201425051633
deletion of the membrane protein lmo0412 increases the virulence of listeria monocytogenes.listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes gastroenteritis, meningitis, encephalitis and maternofetal infections. 20-30% of eubacterial orfs are predicted to encode membrane proteins. the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane is a macromolecular structure, which plays a key role for the pathogenesis. despite this, little knowledge exists regarding the function of cytoplasmic membrane proteins of listeria during infection. here, we investigated a predicted membrane protei ...201425051038
assessment of oligogalacturonide from citrus pectin as a potential antibacterial agent against foodborne pathogens.foodborne diseases are an important public health problem in the world. the bacterial resistance against presently used antibiotics is becoming a public health issue; hence, the discovery of new antimicrobial agents from natural sources attracts a lot of attention. antibacterial activities of oligogalacturonide from commercial microbial pectic enzyme (cpe) treated citrus pectin, which exhibits antioxidant and antitumor activities, against 4 foodborne pathogens including salmonella typhimurium, s ...201425048440
serogrouping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of listeria monocytogenes isolates from cases of human infection in hungary 2004–2012 molecular typing of listeria monocytogenes in hungary.eighty isolates of listeria monocytogenes cultured from human infections in hungary between 2004 and 2012 were serotyped by the pcr technique of doumithet al. [9] and characterised by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). most of the isolates belonged to two serogroups: 53 isolates (66.3%) to serovar group 4b,4d,4e and 21isolates (25.8%) to serogroup 1/2a,3a. although many pulsotypes were identified a particular pulsotype proved highly excelling comprising of 31 isolates after digestion by bo ...201425046881
dnase i and proteinase k impair listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation and induce dispersal of pre-existing biofilms.current sanitation methods in the food industry are not always sufficient for prevention or dispersal of listeria monocytogenes biofilms. here, we determined if prevention of adherence or dispersal of existing biofilms could occur if biofilm matrix components were disrupted enzymatically. addition of dnase during biofilm formation reduced attachment (<50% of control) to polystyrene. treatment of established 72h biofilms with 100μg/ml of dnase for 24h induced incomplete biofilm dispersal, with <2 ...201425043896
use of mild irradiation doses to control pathogenic bacteria on meat trimmings for production of patties aiming at provoking minimal changes in quality attributes.the objectives of the present work were to assess the use of moderate doses of gamma irradiation (2 to 5 kgy) and to reduce the risk of pathogen presence without altering the quality attributes of bovine trimmings and of patties made of irradiated trimmings. microbiological indicators (coliforms, pseudomonas spp and mesophilic aerobic counts), physicochemical indicators (ph, color and tiobarbituric acid) and sensory changes were evaluated during storage. 5 kgy irradiation doses slightly increase ...201425042241
inhibitory effects of the κ-casein macropeptide isolated from milk protein on the biofilm formation and virulence of listeria monocytogenes.we demonstrate the inhibitory effects of κ-casein macropeptide (cmp) on the biofilm formation and virulence of listeria monocytogenes scott a. the inhibition of biofilm formation by cmp was initially investigated by using the protocol applied for the 96-well microtiter plate assay. low concentrations of cmp (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mg/ml) that were tested resulted in a profound inhibitory effect on biofilm formation at a concentration of 0.4 mg/ml. cmp also significantly repressed the transc ...201425036840
serial transfer of single-cell-derived immunocompetence reveals stemness of cd8(+) central memory t cells.maintenance of immunological memory has been proposed to rely on stem-cell-like lymphocytes. however, data supporting this hypothesis are focused on the developmental potential of lymphocyte populations and are thus insufficient to establish the functional hallmarks of stemness. here, we investigated self-renewal capacity and multipotency of individual memory lymphocytes by in vivo fate mapping of cd8(+) t cells and their descendants across three generations of serial single-cell adoptive transf ...201425035956
the effect of oleanolic and ursolic acids on the hemolytic properties and biofilm formation of listeria monocytogenes.oleanolic acid and ursolic acid are pentacyclic triterpenoids isolated from a variety of medicinal plants, which have antibacterial activity. listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive facultative pathogen, being the causative agent of listeriosis. the present study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro effect of sub-inhibitory concentrations of both triterpene acids on the pathogenicity determinants of l. monocytogenes: their hemolytic activity and biofilm forming ability. oleanolic and ursol ...201425033658
bi-phasic growth of listeria monocytogenes in chemically defined medium at low temperatures.the present work reports a novel observation regarding the growth of l. monocytogenes in modified welshimer's broth (mwb) at low temperatures. specifically, the direct monitoring of the growth of l. monocytogenes scott a using plate count data revealed that the pathogen displays a bi-phasic growth pattern in mwb at 7 °c. this bi-phasic growth pattern is masked (not observed) when optical density (od) measurements are used to monitor growth due to the inability of od readings to detect l. monocyt ...201425016210
analysing and modelling the growth behaviour of listeria monocytogenes on rte cooked meat products after a high pressure treatment at 400 mpa.various predictive models are available for high pressure inactivation of listeria monocytogenes in food, but currently available models do not consider the growth kinetics of surviving cells during the subsequent storage of products. therefore, we characterised the growth of l. monocytogenes in sliced cooked meat products after a pressurization treatment. two inoculum levels (10(7) or 10(4) cfu/g) and two physiological states before pressurization (freeze-stressed or cold-adapted) were evaluate ...201425016207
assessment of salmonella and listeria monocytogenes level in ready-to-cook poultry meat: effect of various high pressure treatments and potassium lactate concentrations.the objective of this study was to develop a probabilistic model in order to determine the contamination level of salmonella and listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-cook poultry meat, after a high pressure (hp) treatment. the model included four steps: i) reception of raw meat materials, mincing and mixing meat, ii) partitioning and packaging into 200-g modified atmosphere packs, iii) high pressure treatment of the meat, and iv) storage in chilled conditions until the end of the shelf-life. the m ...201425016206
purification and mass spectrometry based characterization of a pediocin produced by pediococcus acidilactici 13.bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by several bacterial species. among the bacteriocins pediocin-like bacteriocins have a significant inhibitory activity on the foodborne pathogens especially on listeria monocytogenes. this study aims to select a simple and usable purification method to purify/concentrate the antimicrobial peptide and characterization of the bacteriocin produced by pediococcus acidilactici 13 by using proteomic approaches which is a recent omic technology. for puri ...201425015266
a btla-mediated bait and switch strategy permits listeria expansion in cd8α(+) dcs to promote long-term t cell responses.listeria monocytogenes infected cd8α(+) dcs in the spleen are essential for cd8(+) t cell generation. cd8α(+) dcs are also necessary for listeria expansion and dissemination within the host. the mechanisms that regulate cd8α(+) dcs to allow listeria expansion are unclear. we find that activating the b and t lymphocyte attenuator (btla), a coinhibitory receptor for t cells, suppresses, while blocking btla enhances, both the primary and memory cd8 t cell responses against listeria. btla(-/-) mice ...201425011109
characterization of listeria monocytogenes strains isolated during 2011-2013 from human infections in switzerland.listeria monocytogenes, an emerging foodborne pathogen, can cause in the population at risk severe infections that are associated with high case fatality rates. a total of 93 l. monocytogenes strains isolated from different patients in switzerland from july 2011 to september 2013 were further characterized. septicemia was reported for 74.2% of the patients, meningitis for 10.8%, and abortion for 3.2%. the majority of the strains belonged to serotype 1/2a (n=58) followed by serotype 4b (n=28), 1/ ...201425007293
reservoirs of listeria species in three environmental ecosystems.soil and water are suggested to represent pivotal niches for the transmission of listeria monocytogenes to plant material, animals, and the food chain. in the present study, 467 soil and 68 water samples were collected in 12 distinct geological and ecological sites in austria from 2007 to 2009. listeria was present in 30% and 26% of the investigated soil and water samples, respectively. generally, the most dominant species in soil and water samples were listeria seeligeri, l. innocua, and l. iva ...201425002422
response to comment on "tim-3 directly enhances cd8 t cell responses to acute listeria monocytogenes infection". 201424994908
comment on "tim-3 directly enhances cd8 t cell responses to acute listeria monocytogenes infection". 201424994907
perinatal immunization with vaccine-grade listeria monocytogenes provides protection against murine th2 airway inflammation.asthma is a chronic respiratory disorder that leads to inflammation and narrowing of the airways. its global prevalence has attained epidemic levels and treatment options that reach beyond temporary relief of symptoms are urgently needed. since the processes leading to clinically symptomatic asthma start early in life, we set out to systematically evaluate a neonatal immunotherapeutic based on listeria monocytogenes (lm) for the control of allergic sensitization.201424991458
schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens enhance listeria monocytogenes vector hiv-1 vaccine induction of cytotoxic t cells.vaccines are an important public health measure for prevention and treatment of diseases. in addition to the vaccine immunogen, many vaccines incorporate adjuvants to stimulate the recipient's immune system and enhance vaccine-specific responses. while vaccine development has advanced from attenuated organism to recombinant protein or use of plasmid dna, the development of new adjuvants that safely increase immune responses has not kept pace. previous studies have shown that the complex mixture ...201424990901
inactivation kinetics of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat sliced ham by near-infrared heating at different radiation intensities.the aim of this study was to investigate the inactivation kinetics of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, escherichia coli o157:h7, and listeria monocytogenes on ready-to-eat sliced ham by near-infrared (nir) heating as a function of the processing parameter, radiation intensity. precooked ham slices inoculated with the three pathogens were treated at different nir intensities (ca. 100, 150, and 200 μw/cm(2)/nm). an increase in the applied radiation intensity resulted in a gradual increase ...201424988034
metal-chelating active packaging film enhances lysozyme inhibition of listeria monocytogenes.several studies have demonstrated that metal chelators enhance the antimicrobial activity of lysozyme. this study examined the effect of metal-chelating active packaging film on the antimicrobial activity of lysozyme against listeria monocytogenes. polypropylene films were surface modified by photoinitiated graft polymerization of acrylic acid (pp-g-paa) from the food contact surface of the films to impart chelating activity based on electrostatic interactions. pp-g-paa exhibited a carboxylic ac ...201424988022
low occurrence of listeria monocytogenes on bovine hides and carcasses in minas gerais state, brazil: molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance.listeria monocytogenes occurrence was assessed in three slaughterhouses located in minas gerais state, brazil, by analysis of 209 bovine carcasses. four sponge samples were obtained from each carcass in different steps (a, from hide, before bleeding; b, after hide removal; c, after evisceration; and d, after end washing), resulting in a total of 836 samples. the samples were tested for the presence of l. monocytogenes according to the international organization for standardization 11290-1, and p ...201424988021
the receptor for the complement c3a anaphylatoxin (c3ar) provides host protection against listeria monocytogenes-induced apoptosis.listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive intracellular bacterium that is acquired through tainted food and may lead to systemic infection and possible death. despite the importance of the innate immune system in fighting l. monocytogenes infection, little is known about the role of complement and its activation products, including the potent c3a anaphylatoxin. in a model of systemic l. monocytogenes infection, we show that mice lacking the receptor for c3a (c3ar(-/-)) are significantly more sen ...201424981453
listeria monocytogenes-associated biliary tract infections: a study of 12 consecutive cases and review.at present, little is known regarding listeria monocytogenes-associated biliary tract infection, a rare form of listeriosis.in this article, we will study 12 culture-proven cases reported to the french national reference center for listeria from 1996 to 2013 and review the 8 previously published cases.twenty cases were studied: 17 cholecystitis, 2 cholangitis, and 1 biliary cyst infection. half were men with a median age of 69 years (32-85). comorbidities were present in 80%, including cirrhosis ...201425319439
novel mechanism of hemin capture by hbp2, the hemoglobin-binding hemophore from listeria monocytogenes.iron is an essential nutrient that is required for the growth of the bacterial pathogen listeria monocytogenes. in cell cultures, this microbe secretes hemin/hemoglobin-binding protein 2 (hbp2; lmo2185) protein, which has been proposed to function as a hemophore that scavenges heme from the environment. based on its primary sequence, hbp2 contains three near transporter (neat) domains of unknown function. here we show that each of these domains mediates high affinity binding to ferric heme (hemi ...201425315777
direct incorporation of the nkt-cell activator α-galactosylceramide into a recombinant listeria monocytogenes improves breast cancer vaccine efficacy.immune suppression in the tumour microenvironment remains a major limitation to successful immunotherapy of cancer. in the current study, we analysed whether the natural killer t cell-activating glycolipid α-galactosylceramide could overcome immune suppression and improve vaccination against metastatic breast cancer.201425314062
the listeria monocytogenes transposon tn6188 provides increased tolerance to various quaternary ammonium compounds and ethidium bromide.tolerance of the foodborne pathogen listeria monocytogenes to sublethal concentrations of disinfectants has been frequently reported. particularly, quaternary ammonium compounds (qacs) such as benzalkonium chloride (bc) are often used in disinfectants and also as antiseptics in food industry and hospitals. recently, we described tn6188, a novel transposon in l. monocytogenes harbouring the transporter qach, a molecular mechanism leading to increased tolerance to bc. in this study, we investigate ...201425312720
pregnancy-related listeriosis in france, 1984 to 2011, with a focus on 606 cases from 1999 to 2011.this study describes trends in the incidence of pregnancy-related listeriosis in france between 1984 and 2011, and presents the major characteristics of 606 cases reported between 1999 and 2011 to the french institute for public health surveillance through the mandatory notification system. the incidence of pregnancy-related listeriosis decreased by a factor of 12 from 1984 to 2011. this reduction was a result of progressive implementation of specific listeria monocytogenes control measures in f ...201425306879
impedimetric characterization of adsorption of listeria monocytogenes on the surface of an aluminum-based immunosensor.the impedimetric characteristics of an immunosensor depend on the electrical properties of an immunosensor substrate. the impedimetric characteristics of an immunosensor compared with adsorption of listeria monocytogenes were investigated on an aluminum surface insulated with an electrically resistive aluminum oxide layer. antibody for l. monocytogenes (anti-l. monocytogenes) was immobilized on an aluminum surface that was insulated with a native air-formed aluminum oxide layer. the resistance o ...201425296910
detection of very long antisense transcripts by whole transcriptome rna-seq analysis of listeria monocytogenes by semiconductor sequencing technology.the gram-positive bacterium listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of listeriosis, a severe food-borne infection characterised by abortion, septicaemia, or meningoencephalitis. l. monocytogenes causes outbreaks of febrile gastroenteritis and accounts for community-acquired bacterial meningitis in humans. listeriosis has one of the highest mortality rates (up to 30%) of all food-borne infections. this human pathogenic bacterium is an important model organism for biomedical research to inve ...201425286309
inhibition of listeria monocytogenes in deli-style turkey breast formulated with cultured celery powder and/or cultured sugar-vinegar blend during storage at 4°c.fermentation-derived nitrite (no2) from vegetable sources is increasingly used as a "clean label" alternative to conventional nano2. previous results suggested that processed meats cured with no2 derived from a "natural" source had lower antimicrobial activity than did meats produced with chemical nano2; however, the differences were likely due to no2 concentration rather than source. the objective of this study was to compare the antilisterial properties of traditional and clean label alternati ...201425285499
decontamination of hard cheeses by pulsed uv light.cheese is a ready-to-eat food that may be contaminated on the surface by undesirable spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms during production, packaging, and postpackaging processes. penicillium roqueforti is commonly found on cheese surfaces at refrigeration temperatures and is one of the most common spoilage fungal species. consumption of cheese contaminated with listeria monocytogenes can result in foodborne listeriosis. therefore, cheese should be decontaminated at postprocessing stages. pul ...201425285489
modeling the effects of temperature, sodium chloride, and green tea and their interactions on the thermal inactivation of listeria monocytogenes in turkey.the interactive effects of heating temperature (55 to 65°c), sodium chloride (nacl; 0 to 2%), and green tea 60% polyphenol extract (gtpe; 0 to 3%) on the heat resistance of a five-strain mixture of listeria monocytogenes in ground turkey were determined. thermal death times were quantified in bags that were submerged in a circulating water bath set at 55, 57, 60, 63, and 65°c. the recovery medium was tryptic soy agar supplemented with 0.6% yeast extract and 1% sodium pyruvate. d-values were anal ...201425285486
detection of listeria monocytogenes in food samples in avezzano, sulmona and castel di sangro (province of l'aquila, abruzzo, italy) between 2000-2009.the retrospective study of the results of the analysed samples is a fundamental tool for the identification of major risk related to food and for planning future monitoring activities. the evaluation of the quality of data collected may also allow for estimating the effectiveness of the controls so to improve their efficacy. in this article, the authors evaluated the results of tests for the detection of listeria monocytogenes performed by the istituto zooprofilattico sperimentale dell'abruzzo e ...201425273959
synergetic effect of combined fumaric acid and slightly acidic electrolysed water on the inactivation of food-borne pathogens and extending the shelf life of fresh beef.to evaluate synergetic effect of slight acidic electrolysed water (saew) and fumaric acid (fa) on inactivation of total viable count (tvc) and staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella typhimurium in fresh beef and to study shelf life and sensory quality of beef.201425273314
rapid and sensitive detection of listeria monocytogenes by cross-priming amplification of lmo0733 gene.listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen that causes severe opportunistic infection in humans and animals. this study reports the development of single cross-priming amplification (s-cpa) and double cpa (d-cpa) assays targeting species-specific gene lmo0733 for identifying l. monocytogenes strains. the cpa assays were performed at a constant temperature 64 °c using seven specific primers and evaluated for specificity and sensitivity. the color change of positive amplification was directly ...201425273275
tsc1 promotes the differentiation of memory cd8+ t cells via orchestrating the transcriptional and metabolic programs.memory cd8(+) t cells are an essential component of protective immunity. signaling via mechanistic target of rapamycin (mtor) has been implicated in the regulation of the differentiation of effector and memory t cells. however, little is understood about the mechanisms that control mtor activity, or the effector pathways regulated by mtor. we describe here that tuberous sclerosis 1 (tsc1), a regulator of mtor signaling, plays a crucial role in promoting the differentiation and function of memory ...201425271321
application of high resolution pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (hrpgc/ms) for detecting listeria monocytogenes.the characteristic of listeria monocytogenes' pyrolysis product was found by fingerprint analysis of high resolution pyrolysis gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (hrpgc/ms), which hold a great potential to rapidly detect l. monocytogenes with the application of selected ion monitoring (sim). food products (beef and milk) contaminated by l. monocytogenes and uncontaminated were evaluated. the retention time of the characteristic peak of pyrolysis product was 19.056min, the ion of m/z were 5 ...201425270059
σ(b) affects biofilm formation under the dual stress conditions imposed by adding salt and low temperature in listeria monocytogenes.the food-borne pathogenic bacteria listeria monocytogenes can form biofilms on various surfaces including food-processing equipment. biofilms offer survival benefits to the organisms entrapped against environmental insults. moreover, the σ(b) transcription factor of l. monocytogenes plays an important role in its survival under various stress conditions. in this study, we evaluated whether σ(b) contributes to biofilm formation when l. monocytogenes is grown under various temperatures and media. ...201425269605
chaperone-mediated autophagy regulates t cell responses through targeted degradation of negative regulators of t cell activation.chaperone-mediated autophagy (cma) targets soluble proteins for lysosomal degradation. here we found that cma was activated in t cells in response to engagement of the t cell antigen receptor (tcr), which induced expression of the cma-related lysosomal receptor lamp-2a. in activated t cells, cma targeted the ubiquitin ligase itch and the calcineurin inhibitor rcan1 for degradation to maintain activation-induced responses. consequently, deletion of the gene encoding lamp-2a in t cells caused defi ...201425263126
bacteria detection based on the evolution of enzyme-generated volatile organic compounds: determination of listeria monocytogenes in milk samples.the rapid detection of listeria monocytogenes contamination in food is essential to prevent food-borne illness in humans. the aim of this study was to differentiate non-contaminated milk from milk contaminated with l. monocytogenes using enzyme substrates coupled with the analysis of volatile organic compounds (vocs). the method is based on the activity of β-glucosidase and hippuricase enzymes and the detection of a specific voc i.e. 2-nitrophenol and 3-fluoroaniline, respectively. vocs were ext ...201425263120
adhesion of salmonella enteritidis and listeria monocytogenes on stainless steel welds.pathogenic microorganisms are able to adhere on equipment surfaces, being possible to contaminate food during processing. salmonella spp. and listeria monocytogenes are important pathogens that can be transmitted by food, causing severe foodborne diseases. most surfaces of food processing industry are made of stainless steel joined by welds. however currently, there are few studies evaluating the influence of welds in the microorganism's adhesion. therefore the purpose of the present study was t ...201425261827
whole-genome sequence of listeria monocytogenes type strain 53 xxiii.listeria monocytogenes causes the food-borne illness listeriosis that primarily infects "vulnerable" groups (e.g., elderly adults, pregnant women, very young children, and the immunocompromised). we sequenced the genome of l. monocytogenes xxiii (atcc 15313) and assembled it into a single scaffold (three contigs) and deposited the annotated assembly into genbank as accession no. joox00000000.201425258271
phylogenetic analysis of the listeria monocytogenes based on sequencing of 16s rrna and hlya genes.the discrimination between listeria monocytogenes and listeria species has been detected. the 16s rrna and hlya were pcr amplified with set of oligonucleotide primers with flank 1,500 and 456 bp fragments, respectively. based on the differences in 16s rrna and hlya genes, a total 80 isolates from different environmental, food and clinical samples confirmed it to be l. monocytogenes. the 16s rrna sequence similarity suggested that the isolates were similar to the previously reported ones from dif ...201425205124
efficacy of acetic acid against listeria monocytogenes attached to poultry skin during refrigerated storage.this work evaluates the effect of acetic acid dipping on the growth of l. monocytogenes on poultry legs stored at 4 °c for eight days. fresh inoculated chicken legs were dipped into either a 1% or 2% acetic acid solution (v/v) or distilled water (control). changes in mesophiles, psychrotrophs, enterobacteriaceae counts and sensorial characteristics (odor, color, texture and overall appearance) were also evaluated. the shelf life of the samples washed with acetic acid was extended by at least two ...201428234335
summary of 11 years of enteric outbreak investigations and criteria to initiate an investigation, province of quebec, 2002 through 2012.this article presents a retrospective analysis of enteric disease outbreak investigations led by or conducted in collaboration with provincial health authorities in the province of quebec from 2002 through 2012. objectives were to characterize enteric disease outbreaks, quantify and describe those for which a source was identified (including the control measures implemented), identify factors that contributed to or impeded identification of the source, and recommend areas for improvement in outb ...201425198848
listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2b and 4b isolates from human clinical cases and foods show differences in tolerance to refrigeration and salt stress.control of listeria monocytogenes in food processing facilities is a difficult issue because of the ability of this microorganism to form biofilms and adapt to adverse environmental conditions. survival at high concentrations of sodium chloride and growth at refrigeration temperatures are two other important characteristics of l. monocytogenes isolates. the aim of this study was to compare the growth characteristics under stress conditions at different temperatures of l. monocytogenes serotypes ...201425198843
thermal and nonthermal factors affecting survival of salmonella and listeria monocytogenes in animal manure-based compost mixtures.reduction of enteric pathogens in animal manures before field application is essential for mitigating the risk of foodborne illness associated with produce. aerobic composting of manures has been advocated as an effective treatment for reducing pathogen populations, and heat is a major factor contributing to pathogen inactivation. this study was initiated to determine the potential contribution of both thermal and nonthermal (ph, volatile acids, and ammonia) factors to pathogen inactivation duri ...201425198842
prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of listeria monocytogenes on chicken carcasses in bandung, indonesia.this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and quantify the number of listeria monocytogenes in fresh chicken carcasses sold in traditional markets and supermarkets in bandung, west java, indonesia, and to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of the isolated l. monocytogenes strains. the overall prevalence of l. monocytogenes in chicken carcasses was 15.8% (29/184). when comparing samples from traditional markets and supermarkets, no significant difference in the l. monocyto ...201425198605
comparison of listeria monocytogenes isolates across the island of ireland.building a comprehensive knowledge base of the association of listeria monocytogenes isolates across national food chains, clinical cases, and environments can play a key role in helping control the incidence of listeriosis. today, many food chains cross national borders and are often shared by neighboring countries. this study characterized l. monocytogenes isolated from food samples in northern ireland and investigated whether similarities in the population and associations of l. monocytogenes ...201425198604
low, medium, and high heat tolerant strains of listeria monocytogenes and increased heat stress resistance after exposure to sublethal heat.a group of 37 strains representing all 13 serotypes of listeria monocytogenes with an initial cell density of 10(7) cfu/ml were analyzed for their heat tolerance at 60°c for 10 min. these l. monocytogenes strains were categorized into three heat tolerance groups: low (<2 log cfu/ml survival), medium (2 to 4 log cfu/ml survival), and high (4 to 6 log cfu/ml survival). serotype 1/2a strains had relatively low heat tolerance; seven of the eight tested strains were classified as low heat tolerant. o ...201425198590
growth of listeria monocytogenes, salmonella spp., escherichia coli o157:h7, and staphylococcus aureus on cheese during extended storage at 25°c.potentially hazardous foods require time/temperature control for safety. according to the u.s. food and drug administration food code, most cheeses are potentially hazardous foods based on ph and water activity, and a product assessment is required to evaluate safety of storage >6 h at 21°c. we tested the ability of 67 market cheeses to support growth of listeria monocytogenes (lm), salmonella spp. (salm), escherichia coli o157:h7 (ec), and staphylococcus aureus (sa) over 15 days at 25°c. hard ( ...201425198588
virulence and genotypic characterization of listeria monocytogenes isolated from vegetable and soil samples.listeria monocytogenes, a foodborne pathogen is ubiquitous to different environments including the agroecosystem. the organism poses serious public health problem. therefore, an attempt has been made to gain further insight to their antibiotic susceptibility, serotypes and the virulence genes.201425195727
monitoring occurrence and persistence of listeria monocytogenes in foods and food processing environments in the republic of ireland.although rates of listeriosis are low in comparison to other foodborne pathogenic illness, listeriosis poses a significant risk to human health as the invasive form can have a mortality rate as high as 30%. food processors, especially those who produce ready-to-eat (rte) products, need to be vigilant against listeria monocytogenes, the causative pathogen of listeriosis, and as such, the occurrence of l. monocytogenes in food and in the food processing environment needs to be carefully monitored. ...201425191314
potential of cell-free supernatants from cultures of selected lactic acid bacteria and yeast obtained from local fermented foods as inhibitors of listeria monocytogenes, salmonella spp. and staphylococcus aureus.food-borne infections cause huge economic and human life losses worldwide. the most common contaminants of foods include listeria monocytogenes salmonellae and staphylococcus aureus. l. monocytogenes is most notorious due to its tolerance to common food preservation methods and the risks it poses, including higher fatality rates. safer, more efficacious control methods are thus needed. along with food-borne pathogens, lactic acid bacteria (lab) can also be found in foods. some lab isolates inhib ...201425190588
systemic c3 modulates cd8+ t cell contraction after listeria monocytogenes infection.ag-specific cd8(+) t cell contraction (contraction), which occurs after the resolution of infection, is critical for homeostasis of the immune system. although complement components regulate the primary cd8(+) t cell response, there is insufficient evidence supporting their role in regulating contraction and memory. in this study, we show that c3-deficient (c3(-/-)) mice exhibited significantly less cd8(+) t cell contraction than did wild-type mice postinfection with recombinant listeria monocyt ...201425187659
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