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do phase-dependent life history traits in cyclic voles persist in a common environment?phenotype and life history traits of an individual are a product of environmental conditions and the genome. environment can be current or past, which complicates the distinction between environmental and heritable effects on the phenotype in wild animals. we studied genome-environment interactions on phenotype and life history traits by transplanting bank voles (myodes glareolus) from northern and southern populations, originating from low or high population cycle phases, to common garden condi ...201931065806
how general are generalist parasites? the small mammal part of the lyme disease transmission cycle in two ecosystems in northern europe.the pathogens causing lyme disease are all vectored by generalist tick species found on a wide range of vertebrates, but spatial and annual variation in host use has rarely been quantified. we here compare the load of ixodes ricinus (the vector) on small mammals and investigate the infection prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. (the pathogen) involved in the enzootic transmission cycle of lyme disease in two contrasting ecosystems in norway from 2014 to 2016. the most common larval tick host ...201931062166
susceptibility to infection with borrelia afzelii and tlr2 polymorphism in a wild reservoir host.the study of polymorphic immune genes in host populations is critical for understanding genetic variation in susceptibility to pathogens. controlled infection experiments are necessary to separate variation in the probability of exposure from genetic variation in susceptibility to infection, but such experiments are rare for wild vertebrate reservoir hosts and their zoonotic pathogens. the bank vole (myodes glareolus) is an important reservoir host of borrelia afzelii, a tick-borne spirochete th ...201931040326
identifying the patterns and drivers of puumala hantavirus enzootic dynamics using reservoir sampling.hantaviruses are zoonotic hemorrhagic fever viruses for which prevention of human spillover remains the first priority in disease management. tailored intervention measures require an understanding of the drivers of enzootic dynamics, commonly inferred from distorted human incidence data. here, we use longitudinal sampling of approximately three decades of puumala orthohantavirus (puuv) evolution in isolated reservoir populations to estimate puuv evolutionary rates, and apply these to study the ...201931024739
experimental evolution of aerobic exercise performance and hematological traits in bank voles.the maximum rate of aerobic exercise metabolism (vo2max) is a trait informative from both medical and evolutionary perspective, and both the physiological mechanisms limiting its level and its evolution are subject to vivid debate. both comparative analyses and studies on the effects of training or acclimation to aerobically-demanding conditions suggest a role of oxygen transport-related properties of blood in limiting vo2max. here we used a unique experimental evolution model - lines of bank vo ...201931004810
the polar clasps of a bank vole prp(168-176) prion protofibril revisiting.on 2018-01-17 two electron crystallography structures (with pdb entries 6axz, 6btk) on a prion protofibril of bank vole prp(168-176) (a segment in the prp β2-α2 loop) were released into the pdb bank. the paper published by gallagher-jones et al. (nat struct mol biol 25(2):131-134, 2018) reports some polar clasps for these two crystal structures, and "an intersheet hydrogen bond between tyr169 and the backbone carbonyl of asn171 on an opposing strand."-this hydrogen bond is not directly between t ...201930937536
full restoration of specific infectivity and strain properties from pure mammalian prion protein.the protein-only hypothesis predicts that infectious mammalian prions are composed solely of prpsc, a misfolded conformer of the normal prion protein, prpc. however, protein-only prpsc preparations lack significant levels of prion infectivity, leading to the alternative hypothesis that cofactor molecules are required to form infectious prions. here, we show that prions with parental strain properties and full specific infectivity can be restored from protein-only prpsc in vitro. the restoration ...201930908557
a single amino acid substitution, found in mammals with low susceptibility to prion diseases, delays propagation of two prion strains in highly susceptible transgenic mouse models.specific variations in the amino acid sequence of prion protein (prp) are key determinants of susceptibility to prion diseases. we previously showed that an amino acid substitution specific to canids confers resistance to prion diseases when expressed in mice and demonstrated its dominant-negative protective effect against a variety of infectious prion strains of different origins and characteristics. here, we show that expression of this single amino acid change significantly increases survival ...201930847740
detection of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in wild small mammals and sensitivity of pcr and cultivation.the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies to b. burgdorferi s.l. in wild small mammals in the czech republic and compare sensitivity of pcr and cultivaton. wild small mammals (n = 691) were trapped in years 2010-2014 in three localities of the czech republic. heart rinses (n = 340) and sera (n = 351) were examined by modified indirect elisa. seventy animals were randomly selected for comparison of results of cultivation and pcr. mean annual antiborelian positivity w ...201930827395
individuals in space: personality-dependent space use, movement and microhabitat use facilitate individual spatial niche specialization.personality-dependent space use and movement might be crucially influencing ecological interactions, giving way to individual niche specialization. this new approach challenges classical niche theory with potentially great ecological consequences, but so far has only scarce empirical support. here, we investigated if and how consistent inter-individual differences in behavior predict space use and movement patterns in free-ranging bank voles (myodes glareolus) and thereby contribute to individua ...201930826867
molecular identification of puumala orthohantavirus in bulgaria.in bulgaria, only dobrava orthohantavirus has been detected in patients and in rodents. in order to elucidate possible puumala orthohantavirus (puuv) circulation, 131 bank voles (myodes glareolus) were captured. puuv rna was detected in 14 (10.7%). partial l segment sequences were recovered from six m. glareolus. phylogenetic analysis showed that all puuv sequences from this study clustered together among the alpe-adrian lineage. it is the first genetic evidence of the virus circulation in a bal ...201930798033
major histocompatibility complex class i diversity limits the repertoire of t cell receptors.major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genes encode proteins that initiate adaptive immune responses through the presentation of foreign antigens to t cells. the high polymorphism found at these genes, thought to be promoted and maintained by pathogen-mediated selection, contrasts with the limited number of mhc loci found in most vertebrates. although expressing many diverse mhc genes should broaden the range of detectable pathogens, it has been hypothesized to also cause deletion of larger frac ...201930796191
isosporan oocysts in the faeces of bank voles (myodes glareolus; arvicolinae, rodentia): real parasites, or pseudoparasites?coccidia of the genus isospora, their origin, taxonomy, and host specificity have been discussed for many years. the crucial point in question being the division of the genus, based on distinct evolutionary history and the presence/absence of the stieda body, into the genera isospora (eimeriidae) parasitizing mainly birds and reptiles, and cystoisospora (sarcocystidae) parasitizing mammals. the description of the majority of isospora species from rodents is based solely on the oocysts found in t ...201930738338
exposure to environmental radionuclides associates with tissue-specific impacts on telomerase expression and telomere length.telomeres, the protective structures at the ends of chromosomes, can be shortened when individuals are exposed to stress. in some species, the enzyme telomerase is expressed in adult somatic tissues, and potentially protects or lengthens telomeres. telomeres can be damaged by ionizing radiation and oxidative stress, although the effect of chronic exposure to elevated levels of radiation on telomere maintenance is unknown for natural populations. we quantified telomerase expression and telomere l ...201930696885
[first case of nephropathia epidemica in southern sweden].nephropathia epidemica (ne) is the european version of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. ne is caused by the puumala type of hantavirus with the bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus) as the natural reservoir. endemic regions include northern sweden with an incidence of 53 to 569 cases per year, depending on the cyclic variation of rodent populations. in southern sweden, south of the mälardalen region, no cases of ne have been described without a historical account of travel to endemic areas i ...201930694519
phase- and season-dependent changes in social behaviour in cyclic vole populations.social behaviour has been linked to hypotheses explaining multiannual population cycles of small rodents. in this paper we aimed to test empirically that the degree of space sharing among adult breeding female voles is higher during the increase phase than in the crash phase, and that the degree of sociality is positively related to population growth rate as suggested by lambin and krebs (oikos 61:126-132, 1991) and andreassen et al. (oikos 122:507-515, 2013). we followed 24 natural bank vole my ...201930683090
diet shift in bank voles induced by competition from grey-sided voles?grey-sided voles (myodes rufocanus) and bank voles (myodes glareolus) co-exist in boreal forests in northern scandinavia. previous studies suggest that the 2 species interact interspecifically, the grey-sided vole being the dominant species. we tested the hypothesis that bank voles shift their diet due to competition with the dominant grey-sided vole by studying stable isotope ratios in both species. muscle samples were taken from voles in patches of old forest occupied by only bank voles and pa ...201930585416
concentration of mercury in the livers of small terrestrial rodents from rural areas in poland.small terrestrial mammals could be used as accumulative biomonitors of different environmental contaminants, but the knowledge of the level of hg in their bodies is scant. the aim of our research was to verify the factors influencing hg bioaccumulation and to analyze the concentration of total mercury (hg) in the livers of four species of wild terrestrial rodents from different rural areas of poland: the yellow-necked mouse (apodemus flavicollis), striped field mouse (apodemus agrarius), common ...201931739423
the prevalence of pathogenic forms of leptospira in natural populations of small wild mammals in serbia.the greatest epidemiological significance of leptospirosis in europe comes from the fact that it is the most widespread zoonosis in the world. however, epizootiological data, especially information on maintenance hosts such as small wild mammals, are largely missing. to fill this gap in data in serbia, we used rt-pcr for the detection of pathogenic leptospira species and analysed 107 animals belonging to six species of small wild mammals (apodemus agrarius, apodemus flavicollis, microtus arvalis ...201931549550
serologic survey of the crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus infection among wild rodents in hungary.crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) is a tick-borne pathogen, which causes an increasing number of severe infections in many parts of africa, asia and in europe. the virus is primarily transmitted by ticks, however, the spectrum of natural hosts regarding cchfv includes a wide variety of domestic and wild animals. although the presence of cchfv was hypothesized in hungary, data in support of cchfv prevalence has thus far, proven insufficient. in the present study, rodents belonging to ...201931302067
light pollution affects space use and interaction of two small mammal species irrespective of personality.artificial light at night (alan) is one form of human-induced rapid environmental changes (hirec) and is strongly interfering with natural dark-light cycles. some personality types within a species might be better suited to cope with environmental change and therefore might be selected upon under ongoing urbanization.201931215409
analysis of the integrin β3 receptor for pathogenic orthohantaviruses in rodent host species.host reservoir specificity of pathogens is complex and may depend on receptor variability. for pathogenic orthohantaviruses, integrin β3 had been previously identified as entry receptor and the presence of aspartic acid residue at position 39 (d39) in human integrin β3 was described to be a prerequisite for infection of primate cells with hantaan virus (htnv). however, the role of integrin β3 in orthohantavirus infection of host animals is not completely understood. therefore, we analyzed the nu ...201931054291
the competition between immatures of ixodes ricinus and dermacentor reticulatus (ixodida: ixodidae) ticks for rodent hosts.the numbers of ixodes ricinus (l.) and dermacentor reticulatus (fabricius) larvae and nymphs attached to small mammals are influenced by interspecific competition. the present study analyses data collected over several years in two study areas: kosewo górne (mazurian district, n poland; between july 1997 and july 2009) and białowieża primeval forest (e poland; in july 2007). in total, 975 ticks were collected from striped field mice (apodemus agrarius), yellow-necked mice (a. flavicollis), bank ...201930346558
shared common ancestry of rodent alphacoronaviruses sampled globally.the recent discovery of novel alphacoronaviruses (alpha-covs) in european and asian rodents revealed that rodent coronaviruses (covs) sampled worldwide formed a discrete phylogenetic group within this genus. to determine the evolutionary history of rodent covs in more detail, particularly the relative frequencies of virus-host co-divergence and cross-species transmission, we recovered longer fragments of cov genomes from previously discovered european rodent alpha-covs using a combination of pcr ...201930704076
host identification in unfed ticks from stable isotope compositions (δ13 c and δ15 n).determination of the ratios of natural stable isotopes (13 c/12 c and 15 n/14 n) in unfed ixodes ricinus nymphs and adults, which, in their previous stage, fed on captive wild rodents (apodemus sylvaticus and myodes glareolus), wild birds (parus major and cyanistes caeruleus) or domestic ruminants (ovis aries and bos taurus), demonstrated that it is possible to identify each host category with confidence. first, the tick-blood spacing, which is the difference between values obtained from ticks a ...201930883848
parasite load and site-specific parasite pressure as determinants of immune indices in two sympatric rodent species.wildlife is exposed to parasites from the environment. this parasite pressure, which differs among areas, likely shapes the immunological strategies of animals. individuals differ in the number of parasites they encounter and host, and this parasite load also influences the immune system. the relative impact of parasite pressure vs. parasite load on different host species, particularly those implicated as important reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens, is poorly understood. we captured bank voles (m ...201931766647
molecular survey of babesia microti (aconoidasida: piroplasmida) in wild rodents in turkey.babesia microti (aconoidasida: piroplasmida) (franca, 1910) is an important tick-borne zoonotic parasite with rodents serving as reservoir hosts. in the present study, 536 rodents were captured from burdur, bartin, giresun, and yozgat provinces of turkey between the years 2010 and 2012, and blood samples were examined for the presence of babesia spp. using conventional pcr which targeted the 18s rrna gene. the sequence analysis of pcr amplicons was tested for b. microti as well as for hepatozoon ...201931143936
testing the potential of 50 khz rat calls as a species-specific rat attractant.the control of mammalian pests relies heavily on the use of pesticides that are often avoided and are not species-specific. these problems are particularly acute for pesticides used to control rats (rattus spp.). the efficacy and targeting of control could be improved by attracting animals to control measures using species-specific cues. one cue that has the potential to attract rats is the 50 khz calls they emit in positive social situations. here we test the potential of these rat calls as a s ...201930958822
the ecological dynamics of hantavirus diseases: from environmental variability to disease prevention largely based on data from china.hantaviruses can cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) in the americas and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in eurasia. in recent decades, repeated outbreaks of hantavirus disease have led to public concern and have created a global public health burden. hantavirus spillover from natural hosts into human populations could be considered an ecological process, in which environmental forces, behavioral determinants of exposure, and dynamics at the human-animal interface affect human ...201930789905
detection of francisella tularensis in three vole species in central europe.francisella tularensis is a zoonotic, gram-negative bacterium that causes tularemia in humans. depending on its subspecies and the route of transmission, mild to lethal courses have been reported. f. tularensis subsp. holarctica is the only subspecies found in europe and affects a plenitude of vertebrates including lagomorphs and rodents. population outbreaks of certain rodent species are likely to be involved in the transmission of this pathogen. this molecular survey aims to evaluate the prese ...201930447176
bringing together what belongs together: optimizing murine infection models by using mouse-adapted staphylococcus aureus strains.staphylococcus (s.) aureus is a leading cause of bacterial infection world-wide, and currently no vaccine is available for humans. vaccine development relies heavily on clinically relevant infection models. however, the suitability of mice for s. aureus infection models has often been questioned, because experimental infection of mice with human-adapted s. aureus requires very high infection doses. moreover, mice were not considered to be natural hosts of s. aureus. the latter has been disproven ...201930391222
common vole (microtus arvalis) and bank vole (myodes glareolus) derived permanent cell lines differ in their susceptibility and replication kinetics of animal and zoonotic viruses.pathogenesis and reservoir host adaptation of animal and zoonotic viruses are poorly understood due to missing adequate cell culture and animal models. the bank vole (myodes glareolus) and common vole (microtus arvalis) serve as hosts for a variety of zoonotic pathogens. for a better understanding of virus association to a putative animal host, we generated two novel cell lines from bank voles of different evolutionary lineages and two common vole cell lines and assayed their susceptibility, rep ...201931513859
in vivo characterization of tick-borne encephalitis virus in bank voles (myodes glareolus).tick-borne encephalitis is the most important tick-transmitted zoonotic virus infection in eurasia, causing severe neurological symptoms in humans. the causative agent, the tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev), circulates between ticks and a variety of mammalian hosts. to study the interaction between tbev and one of its suspected reservoir hosts, bank voles of the western evolutionary lineage were inoculated subcutaneously with either one of eight tbev strains or the related attenuated langat v ...201931731773
first detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus in ixodes ricinus ticks and their rodent hosts in moscow, russia.here, we report the first confirmed autochthonous tick-borne encephalitis case diagnosed in moscow in 2016 and describe the detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) in ticks and small mammals in a moscow park. the paper includes data from two patients who were bitten by tbev-infected ticks in moscow city; one of these cases led to the development of the meningeal form of tbe. both tbev-infected ticks attacked patients in the same area. we collected ticks and trapped small mammals in thi ...201931447316
exploring the reservoir hosts of tick-borne encephalitis virus.tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) is an important arbovirus, which is found across large parts of eurasia and is considered to be a major health risk for humans. like any other arbovirus, tbev relies on complex interactions between vectors, reservoir hosts, and the environment for successful virus circulation. hard ticks are the vectors for tbev, transmitting the virus to a variety of animals. the importance of these animals in the lifecycle of tbev is still up for debate. large woodland anim ...201931336624
long-term trends of tick-borne pathogens in regard to small mammal and tick populations from saxony, germany.rodents are important in the life-cycle of ticks as hosts for immature developmental stages. both rodents and ticks are of public health interest as they are reservoirs and vectors for different tick-borne pathogens (tbp). the aim of this study was to reassess the prevalence of tbp in previously studied areas of the city of leipzig (saxony, germany).201930909955
genomic and spatial variability of a european common vole hepevirus.rodents host different orthohepeviruses, namely orthohepevirus c genotype hev-c1 (rat hepatitis e virus, hev) and the additional putative genotypes hev-c3 and hev-c4. here, we screened 2,961 rodents from central europe by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and identified hev rna in 13 common voles (microtus arvalis) and one bank vole (myodes glareolus) with detection rates of 2% (95% confidence interval [ci]: 1-3.4) and 0.08% (95% ci: 0.002-0.46), respectively. sequencing o ...201931399875
impact of vertebrate communities on ixodes ricinus-borne disease risk in forest areas.the density of questing ticks infected with tick-borne pathogens is an important parameter that determines tick-borne disease risk. an important factor determining this density is the availability of different wildlife species as hosts for ticks and their pathogens. here, we investigated how wildlife communities contribute to tick-borne disease risk. the density of ixodes ricinus nymphs infected with borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato), borrelia miyamotoi, neoehrlichia mikurensis and anaplasma pha ...201931492171
concentrations of cadmium and lead, but not zinc, are higher in red fox tissues than in rodents-pollution gradient study in the małopolska province (poland).the main purpose of our research was to assess the chronic exposure of red foxes to cd, pb and zn. we have determined concentrations of these metals in the kidney, liver and muscle of 36 red foxes hunted between december 2002 and march 2003 in differently polluted areas in southern poland. tissue concentrations of pb and cd in the red foxes significantly co-varied with concentrations of these elements in the soil, and differed between the tissues. we compared concentrations of pb, cd, and zn in ...201930593652
hepatitis e virus in common voles (microtus arvalis) from an urban environment, hungary: discovery of a cricetidae-specific genotype of orthohepevirus c.hepatitis e virus is a major causative agent of acute hepatitis worldwide. despite its zoonotic potential, there is limited information about the natural chain of hepevirus infection in wildlife, and the potential reservoir species. in this study, we performed a hev survey by heminested rt-pcr on rodent samples from an urban environment (in the city of pécs, hungary) and investigated the prevalence of the virus among these native rodent species (apodemus agrarius, apodemus flavicollis, apodemus ...201930499180
characterization of the puumala orthohantavirus strains in the northwestern region of the republic of tatarstan in relation to the clinical manifestations in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome patients.over 1,000 cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) were recorded in the republic of tatarstan (rt) in 2015. hfrs is a zoonotic disease caused by several different old world hantaviruses. in rt, puumala orthohantavirus (puuv) is a prevalent etiological agent of hfrs. we looked for the genetic link between the puuv strains isolated from the bank voles and from the infected humans. in addition, possible correlation between the genetic makeup of the puuv strain involved and different c ...201931543819
gene-edited murine cell lines for propagation of chronic wasting disease prions.prions cause fatal infectious neurodegenerative diseases in humans and animals. cell culture models are essential for studying the molecular biology of prion propagation. defining such culture models is mostly a random process, includes extensive subcloning, and for many prion diseases few or no models exist. one example is chronic wasting disease (cwd), a highly contagious prion disease of cervids. to extend the range of cell models propagating cwd prions, we gene-edited mouse cell lines known ...201931371793
population dynamics of bank voles predicts human puumala hantavirus risk.predicting risk of zoonotic diseases, i.e., diseases shared by humans and animals, is often complicated by the population ecology of wildlife host(s). we here demonstrate how ecological knowledge of a disease system can be used for early prediction of human risk using puumala hantavirus (puuv) in bank voles (myodes glareolus), which causes nephropathia epidemica (ne) in humans, as a model system. bank vole populations at northern latitudes exhibit multiannual fluctuations in density and spatial ...201931309365
borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and spotted fever group rickettsiae in small rodents and attached ticks in the northern apennines, italy.ticks and ear biopsies were collected from wild small rodents in 2011 and 2012 in the northern apennines (italy), up to 1650 m above sea level. apodemus spp. (n = 83) and myodes glareolus (n = 22) were infested by ixodes ricinus (192 larvae and two nymphs), dermacentor marginatus (179 larvae and 29 nymphs), and ixodes trianguliceps (three larvae and two nymphs). we detected several borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) genospecies (b. afzelii, b. burgdorferi sensu stricto, b. garinii, b. lusita ...201931014939
colonization and pathology of borrelia afzelii in its natural hosts.studies of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in laboratory mice and humans have shown that spirochaetes disseminate from the site of infection (skin) to internal tissues, and cause various pathological effects. however, less is known about colonization and pathology of lyme borreliosis spirochaetes in their natural hosts. in the present study, we assessed the colonization and manifestations during b. afzelii infection in reservoir hosts (yellow-necked mouse, apodemus flavicollis; bank vole, myodes ...201931005618
the opportunistic pathogen encephalitozoon cuniculi in wild living murinae and arvicolinae in central europe.encephalitozoon spp. is an obligate intracellular microsporidian parasite that infects a wide range of mammalian hosts, including humans. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of encephalitozoon spp. in wild living rodents from poland, the czech republic and slovakia. faecal and spleen samples were collected from individuals of apodemus agrarius, apodemus flavicollis, apodemus sylvaticus, and myodes glareolus (n = 465) and used for dna extraction. pcr, targeting the its region of ...201930825553
coxiella burnetii and francisella tularensis in wild small mammals from the czech republic.wild rodents are an important source of the tick-borne pathogens coxiella burnetii and francisella tularensis. the aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of antibodies and possible coexistence of these pathogens in wild small mammals from three localities in the czech republic. a total of 614 wild small mammals (324 apodemus flavicollis, 145 myodes glareolus, 50 sorex araneus, 48 a. sylvaticus, 40 a. agrarius, six microtus arvalis and one talpa europaea) were trapped between 2012 and 2015 ...202031848075
in vivo characterization of a bank vole-derived cowpox virus isolate in natural hosts and the rat model.cowpox virus (cpxv) belongs to the genus orthopoxvirus in the poxviridae family and is endemic in western eurasia. based on seroprevalence studies in different voles from continental europe and uk, voles are suspected to be the major reservoir host. recently, a cpxv was isolated from a bank vole (myodes glareolus) in germany that showed a high genetic similarity to another isolate originating from a cotton-top tamarin (saguinus oedipus). here we characterize this first bank vole-derived cpxv iso ...202032093366
why hantavirus prevalence does not always increase with host density: modeling the role of host spatial behavior and maternal antibodies.for wildlife diseases, one often relies on host density to predict host infection prevalence and the subsequent force of infection to humans in the case of zoonoses. indeed, if transmission is mainly indirect, i.e., by way of the environment, the force of infection is expected to increase with host density, yet the laborious field data supporting this theoretical claim are often absent. hantaviruses are among those zoonoses that have been studied extensively over the past decades, as they pose a ...202033134187
how bank vole-puuv interactions influence the eco-evolutionary processes driving nephropathia epidemica epidemiology-an experimental and genomic approach.in europe, puumala virus (puuv) is responsible for nephropathia epidemica (ne), a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). despite the presence of its reservoir, the bank vole, on most of french territory, the geographic distribution of ne cases is heterogeneous and ne endemic and non-endemic areas have been reported. in this study we analyzed whether bank vole-puuv interactions could partly shape these epidemiological differences. we performed crossed-experimental infections u ...202032993044
extending the enterovirus lead: could a related picornavirus be responsible for diabetes in humans?we found an association between the abundance of rodents in the wild and onset of type 1 diabetes (t1d) in humans. a picornavirus named ljungan virus (lv) was subsequently isolated from wild bank voles. both picornavirus-like particles detected by electron microscopy and lv antigen visualized by immunohistochemistry was seen in islets of langerhans in diabetic wild bank voles. lv antigen has also been found in islets of langerhans in a patient with recent onset of t1d and in the commonly used bi ...202032927606
identification of a homology-independent linchpin domain controlling mouse and bank vole prion protein conversion.prions are unorthodox pathogens that cause fatal neurodegenerative diseases in humans and other mammals. prion propagation occurs through the self-templating of the pathogenic conformer prpsc, onto the cell-expressed conformer, prpc. here we study the conversion of prpc to prpsc using a recombinant mouse prpsc conformer (mouse protein-only recprpsc) as a unique tool that can convert bank vole but not mouse prpc substrates in vitro. thus, its templating ability is not dependent on sequence homolo ...202032898162
comparison of spleen transcriptomes of two wild rodent species reveals differences in the immune response against borrelia afzelii.different host species often differ considerably in susceptibility to a given pathogen, but the causes of such differences are rarely known. the natural hosts of the tick-transmitted bacterium borrelia afzelii, which is one of causative agents of lyme borreliosis in humans, include a variety of small mammals like voles and mice. previous studies have shown that b. afzelii-infected bank voles (myodes glareolus) have about ten times higher bacterial load than infected yellow-necked mice (apodemus ...202032724523
tick-borne encephalitis virus: seasonal and annual variation of epidemiological parameters related to nymph-to-larva transmission and exposure of small mammals.a greater knowledge of the ecology of the natural foci of tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) is essential to better assess the temporal variations of the risk of tick-borne encephalitis for humans. to describe the seasonal and inter-annual variations of the tbev-cycle and the epidemiological parameters related to tbev nymph-to-larva transmission, exposure of small mammals to tbev, and tick aggregation on small mammals, a longitudinal survey in ticks and small mammals was conducted over a 3-yea ...202032605114
distribution of ticks, tick-borne pathogens and the associated local environmental factors including small mammals and livestock, in two french agricultural sites: the oscar database.in europe, ticks are major vectors of both human and livestock pathogens (e.g. lyme disease, granulocytic anaplasmosis, bovine babesiosis). agricultural landscapes, where animal breeding is a major activity, constitute a mosaic of habitat types of various quality for tick survival and are used at different frequencies by wild and domestic hosts across seasons. this habitat heterogeneity, in time and space, conditions the dynamics of these host-vector-pathogen systems and thus drives acarological ...202032431559
selective predation by owls on infected bank voles (myodes glareolus) as a possible sentinel of tularemia outbreaks.tularemia is a widely spread zoonotic disease in the northern hemisphere, caused by the bacterium francisella tularensis. in humans, tularemia is an acute febrile illness with incidence peaks in late summer to early autumn of outbreak years, but there is no early warning system in place that can reduce the impact of disease by providing timely risk information. in this study, we revisit previously unpublished data on f. tularensis in water, sediment, soil, and small mammals from 1984 in northern ...202032349636
role of donor genotype in rt-quic seeding activity of chronic wasting disease prions using human and bank vole substrates.chronic wasting disease is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of cervids. this fatal neurodegenerative disease is caused by misfolding of the cellular prion protein (prpc) to pathogenic conformers (prpsc), and the pathogenic forms accumulate in the brain and other tissues. real-time quaking induced conversion (rt-quic) can be used for the detection of prions and for prion strain discrimination in a variety of biological tissues from humans and animals. in this study, we evaluated how eith ...202031910440
temporal dynamics of two pathogenic hantaviruses among rodents in hungary.hantaviruses are worldwide pathogens, which often cause serious or even fatal diseases in humans. hosts are predominantly in the form of rodents and soricomorphs; however, bats are also described as an important reservoir. in hungary, representatives of two human pathogenic species of the genus orthohantavirus are present: the dobrava-belgrade orthohantavirus and puumala orthohantavirus. in hungarian forests, the dominant rodent species are apodemus flavicollis, apodemus agrarius, apodemus sylva ...202031821117
rodents as intermediate hosts of cestode parasites of mammalian carnivores and birds of prey in poland, with the first data on the life-cycle of mesocestoides melesi.rodents constitute an important part of the diet of many carnivore species. this predator-prey food chain is exploited by helminth parasites, such as cestodes, whose larval stages develop in rodents and then mature to the adult stage in predators. the main aim of our study was to use molecular techniques for identification of cestode species recovered from both intermediate and definitive hosts, with a particular focus on the genus mesocestoides.202032087754
lack of evidence on the susceptibility of ticks and wild rodent species to pcv3 infection.porcine circovirus 3 (pcv3) is an emerging virus, first detected in 2016 and widespread in the swine industry. although not considered a primary pathogen, pcv3 is potentially linked to several clinical conditions that threaten swine farming. wild boars are considered the main reservoir species for pcv3 infection in the wild, but recent detection in roe deer, chamois and associated ticks has complicated our understanding of its epidemiology. much emphasis has been placed on ticks, as competent ve ...202032825701
salmonella and antimicrobial resistance in wild rodents-true or false threat?transmission of pathogenic and resistant bacteria from wildlife to the bacterial gene pool in nature affects the ecosystem. hence, we studied intestine content of five wild rodent species: the yellow-necked wood mouse (apodemus flavicollis, n = 121), striped field mouse (apodemus agrarius, n = 75), common vole (microtus arvalis, n = 37), bank vole (myodes glareolus, n = 3), and house mouse (mus musculus, n = 1) to assess their potential role as an antimicrobial resistance (amr) and salmonella ve ...202032967245
associations between different laelapidae (mesostigmata: dermanyssoidea) mites and small rodents from lithuania.associations between species of laelapidae (mesostigmata: dermanyssoidea) mites and small rodents have been studied insufficiently. the aim of this study was to investigate infestation patterns of small rodent species by laelapid mites at six locations in lithuania. a total of 728 rodents were snap- and live-trapped in various locations during 2013-2016. eight rodent species were identified, namely apodemus flavicollis, apodemus agrarius, myodes glareolus, micromys minutus, mus musculus, microtu ...202032307619
molecular detection of bartonella spp. in rodents in chernobyl exclusion zone, ukraine.bacteria of the genus bartonella are obligate parasites of vertebrates. their distribution range covers almost the entire world, from the americas to europe and asia. many bartonella species use rodents as reservoirs, and while much is known about bartonella infection of rodents in central europe, its extent is poorly understood in eastern europe.202032948932
the hidden faces of a biological invasion: parasite dynamics of invaders and natives.one of the primary drivers of emerging infectious diseases (eids) is human intervention via host or parasite translocations. a unique opportunity to study host and parasite dispersal during a bio-invasion currently exists in ireland due to the introduction of the bank vole (myodes glareolus) in the 1920s. the continuing range expansion of m. glareolus within ireland presents a natural large-scale perturbation experiment. this study used the irish m. glareolus model to conduct a spatiotemporal st ...202031981672
small mammal responses to long-term large-scale woodland creation: the influence of local and landscape-level attributes.habitat loss and fragmentation greatly affect biological diversity. actions to counteract their negative effects include increasing the quality, amount and connectivity of seminatural habitats at the landscape scale. however, much of the scientific evidence underpinning landscape restoration comes from studies of habitat loss and fragmentation, and it is unclear whether the ecological principles derived from habitat removal investigations are applicable to habitat creation. in addition, the rela ...202031670888
geographical distribution of ljungan virus in small mammals in europe.ljungan virus (lv), which belongs to the parechovirus genus in the picornaviridae family, was first isolated from bank voles (myodes glareolus) in sweden in 1998 and proposed as a zoonotic agent. to improve knowledge of the host association and geographical distribution of lv, tissues from 1685 animals belonging to multiple rodent and insectivore species from 12 european countries were screened for lv-rna using reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr. in addition, we investigated how the prevalence of lv ...202032487013
on the doorstep, rodents in homesteads and kitchen gardens.scarcely investigated in terms of small mammals, kitchen gardens and homesteads form a subset of environments. using results of snap trapping, we present the first data on small mammal species diversity, gender and age structure, relative abundance, body fitness, and reproduction parameters in these commensal habitats (kitchen gardens, homestead gardens, houses, and outbuildings). we expected that (i) house mice should be the dominant species in buildings, while striped field mice should be domi ...202032429138
circulation of rickettsia species and rickettsial endosymbionts among small mammals and their ectoparasites in eastern slovakia.bacteria belonging to the genus rickettsia are known as causative agents of vector-borne zoonotic diseases, such as spotted fevers, epidemic typhus and endemic typhus. different species of ticks, mites and fleas could act as reservoirs and arthropod vectors of different pathogenic rickettsia species. the aim of this work was to establish active surveillance of rickettsia spp. in mites, ticks and fleas collected from small mammals (rodents and shrews) in eastern slovakia. a total of 964 animal ea ...202032382991
detection of rickettsia spp. in fleas collected from small mammals in slovakia, central europe.this survey is aimed at investigation of species composition of fleas removed from small terrestrial mammals captured in rural, suburban, and urban types of habitat and molecular screening of the presence and diversity of rickettsia species in collected ectoparasites. in total, 279 fleas (siphonaptera) belonging to 9 species of 2 families, ceratophyllidae and hystrichopsyllidae, were collected from 115 (46%) out of 250 trapped small mammals of eight species (apodemus agrarius, apodemus flavicoll ...202032366189
molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of orthohantaviruses in small mammals in western poland.orthohantaviruses are negative-sense, single-stranded rna viruses harbored by multiple small mammals. dobrava-belgrade virus (dobv) and puumala virus (puuv) cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in europe. in poland, serological surveys have demonstrated antibodies against dobv and puuv in patients with hfrs. molecular evidence of dobv and puuv has been found in apodemus flavicollis and myodes glareolus, respectively, in southeastern poland, and seewis virus (swsv) has been reported ...202032314690
my niche: individual spatial niche specialization affects within- and between-species interactions.intraspecific trait variation is an important determinant of fundamental ecological interactions. many of these interactions are mediated by behaviour. therefore, interindividual differences in behaviour should contribute to individual niche specialization. comparable with variation in morphological traits, behavioural differentiation between individuals should limit similarity among competitors and thus act as a mechanism maintaining within-species variation in ecological niches and facilitatin ...202031937229
cocirculation of two orthohantavirus species in small mammals of the northwestern ukraine.rodent-borne hantaviruses have been reported in many of the countries surrounding ukraine; however, to date we have no knowledge of the viral strains circulating in ukraine within reservoirs such as the striped field mouse (apodemus agrarius), the yellow-necked field mouse (apodemus flavicollis), and the bank vole (myodes glareolus). to determine the prevalence of hantaviruses in ukraine, we captured 1,261 mammals, of which 1,109 were rodents, in 58 field sites within the province of volyn in we ...202031917639
spatial and temporal evolutionary patterns in puumala orthohantavirus (puuv) s segment.the s segment of bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus)-associated puumala orthohantavirus (puuv) contains two overlapping open reading frames coding for the nucleocapsid (n) and a non-structural (nss) protein. to identify the influence of bank vole population dynamics on puuv s segment sequence evolution and test for spillover infections in sympatric rodent species, during 2010-2014, 883 bank voles, 357 yellow-necked mice (apodemus flavicollis), 62 wood mice (a. sylvaticus), 149 common voles (micr ...202032650456
blood parasites (babesia, hepatozoon and trypanosoma) of rodents, lithuania: part i. molecular and traditional microscopy approach.wild rodents, as natural reservoir hosts carrying various species of pathogens, play an important role in the evolution and emergence of zoonotic diseases. in this study, protist parasites, namely babesia sp., trypanosoma sp. and hepatozoon sp. were studied in rodent populations in lithuania. two hundred forty rodent specimens of seven species were analysed by a combined approach using polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based techniques and traditional microscopic examination. the total prevalence ...202031897793
do bank voles (myodes glareolus) trapped in live and lethal traps show differences in tick burden?in studies assessing tick abundance, the use of live traps to capture and euthanize rodent hosts is a commonly used method to determine their burden. however, captive animals can experience debilitating or fatal capture stress as a result prior to collection. an alternative method is the use of lethal traps, but this can potentially lead to tick drop-off between the time of capture and collection. in this study, in order to determine whether subjecting animals to capture stress is inevitable, we ...202032941509
applying the anna karenina principle for wild animal gut microbiota: temporal stability of the bank vole gut microbiota in a disturbed environment.gut microbiota play an important role in host health. yet, the drivers and patterns of microbiota imbalance (dysbiosis) in wild animals remain largely unexplored. one hypothesised outcome of stress on animal microbiomes is a destabilised microbial community that is characterised by an increase in inter-individual differences compared with microbiomes of healthy animals, which are expected to be (a) temporally stable and (b) relatively similar among individuals. this set of predictions for respon ...202032939769
detection and genetic characterization of puumala orthohantavirus s-segment in areas of france non-endemic for nephropathia epidemica.puumala virus (puuv) in europe causes nephropathia epidemica (ne), a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs). the incidence of ne is highly heterogeneous spatially, whereas the geographic distribution of the wild reservoir of puuv, the bank vole, is essentially homogeneous. our understanding of the processes driving this heterogeneity remains incomplete due to gaps in knowledge. little is known about the current distribution and genetic variation of puuv in the areas outside th ...202032882953
effectiveness of antivirals in a type 1 diabetes model and the move toward human trials.a picornavirus (ljungan virus [lv]) originally found in bank voles has been associated with type 1 diabetes (t1d) in its wild rodent reservoir, but also associated with t1d in a laboratory rat model for the disease, the diabetes prone (dp) bio breeding (bb) rat. successful treatment of diabetes in this rat model, using experimental antiviral compounds directed against picornavirus, has been reported. in the present study we show significant clinical response in dp-bb rats using antiviral compoun ...202032758075
the effect of chronic low-dose environmental radiation on organ mass of bank voles in the chernobyl exclusion zone.animals are exposed to environmental ionizing radiation (ir) externally through proximity to contaminated soil and internally through ingestion and inhalation of radionuclides. internal organs can respond to radioactive contamination through physiological stress. chronic stress can compromise the size of physiologically active organs, but studies on wild mammal populations are scarce. the effects of environmental ir contamination on organ masses were studied by using a wild rodent inhabiting the ...202032658635
prevalence of the puumala orthohantavirus strains in the pre-kama area of the republic of tatarstan, russia.puumala orthohantavirus (puuv) causes nephropathia epidemica (ne), a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) commonly diagnosed in europe. the majority of hfrs cases in the european part of russia are diagnosed in the volga federal district, which includes the republic of tatarstan (rt). the current study aims to analyze the genetic variability of puuv in pre-kama region of the rt bounded by the volga, kama, and vyatka rivers. in 2017, bank voles were caught in seven isolated f ...202032640614
the metabolic performance predicts home range size of bank voles: a support for the behavioral-bioenergetics theory.the pace-of-life syndrome describes covariation between life-history, behavioral and physiological traits; while, the emerging behavioral-bioenergetics theory proposes mechanistic links between those traits in a spatial-ecological context. however, little is known about the association between the limits to metabolic rate and spatial performance (i.e., mobility, home range size) in free-living individuals. here we show, for the first time at the intra-specific level, that mobility traits increas ...202032638120
does selection for behavioral and physiological performance traits alter glucocorticoid responsiveness in bank voles?one of the key elements of an animal's darwinian fitness is its ability to adequately respond to and cope with challenging situations. glucocorticoid hormones, such as corticosterone, affect an organism's ability to overcome such challenges. we hypothesized that changes in the glucocorticoid response curve contribute to the evolution of increased performance during challenging conditions, and tested it on bank voles (myodes glareolus) from a multidirectional artificial selection experiment, whic ...202032561625
balancing selection in pattern recognition receptor signalling pathways is associated with gene function and pleiotropy in a wild rodent.pathogen-mediated balancing selection is commonly considered to play an important role in the maintenance of genetic diversity, in particular in immune genes. however, the factors that may influence which immune genes are the targets of such selection are largely unknown. to address this, here we focus on pattern recognition receptor (prr) signalling pathways, which play a key role in innate immunity. we used whole-genome resequencing data from a population of bank voles (myodes glareolus) to te ...202032374503
isolation and characterization of new puumala orthohantavirus strains from germany.orthohantaviruses are re-emerging rodent-borne pathogens distributed all over the world. here, we report the isolation of a puumala orthohantavirus (puuv) strain from bank voles caught in a highly endemic region around the city osnabrück, north-west germany. coding and non-coding sequences of all three segments (s, m, and l) were determined from original lung tissue, after isolation and after additional passaging in veroe6 cells and a bank vole-derived kidney cell line. different single amino ac ...202032328924
orthohantavirus isolated in reservoir host cells displays minimal genetic changes and retains wild-type infection properties.: orthohantaviruses are globally emerging zoonotic pathogens. while the reservoir host role of several rodent species is well-established, detailed research on the mechanisms of host-othohantavirus interactions has been constrained by the lack of an experimental system that is able to effectively replicate natural infections in controlled settings. here we report the isolation, and genetic and phenotypic characterization of a novel puumala orthohantavirus (puuv) in cells derived from its reservo ...202032316667
isolation of infectious, non-fibrillar and oligomeric prions from a genetic prion disease.prions are transmissible agents causing lethal neurodegenerative diseases that are composed of aggregates of misfolded cellular prion protein (prpsc). despite non-fibrillar oligomers having been proposed as the most infectious prion particles, prions purified from diseased brains usually consist of large and fibrillar prpsc aggregates, whose protease-resistant core (prpres) encompasses the whole c-terminus of prp. in contrast, prpsc from gerstmann-sträussler-scheinker disease associated with ala ...202032303068
cofactor and glycosylation preferences for in vitro prion conversion are predominantly determined by strain conformation.prion diseases are caused by the misfolding of a host-encoded glycoprotein, prpc, into a pathogenic conformer, prpsc. infectious prions can exist as different strains, composed of unique conformations of prpsc that generate strain-specific biological traits, including distinctive patterns of prpsc accumulation throughout the brain. prion strains from different animal species display different cofactor and prpc glycoform preferences to propagate efficiently in vitro, but it is unknown whether the ...202032294141
high genomic diversity in the bank vole at the northern apex of a range expansion: the role of multiple colonizations and end-glacial refugia.the history of repeated northern glacial cycling and southern climatic stability has long dominated explanations for how genetic diversity is distributed within temperate species in eurasia and north america. however, growing evidence indicates the importance of cryptic refugia for northern colonization dynamics. an important geographic region to assess this is fennoscandia, where recolonization at the end of the last glaciation was restricted to specific routes and temporal windows. we used gen ...202032248595
combining genome-wide association study and fst -based approaches to identify targets of borrelia-mediated selection in natural rodent hosts.recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies provide opportunities to gain novel insights into the genetic basis of phenotypic trait variation. yet to date, progress in our understanding of genotype-phenotype associations in nonmodel organisms in general and natural vertebrate populations in particular has been hampered by small sample sizes typically available for wildlife populations and a resulting lack of statistical power, as well as a limited ability to control for false-posi ...202032163646
ticks on the channel islands and implications for public health.the channel islands are british crown dependencies located in the english channel to the west of the normandy coast in northern france. whilst there have been studies investigating tick occurrence and distribution in different habitats on the mainland of the uk and in france, the channel islands have been relatively understudied. as such, little is known about whether the sheep tick, ixodes ricinus, is present, and whether there is a potential risk of lyme borreliosis on the channel islands. to ...202032046929
spatio-temporal variation of metals and organic contaminants in bank voles (myodes glareolus).environmental contamination with metals and organic compounds is of increasing concern for ecosystem and human health. still, our knowledge about spatial distribution, temporal changes and ecotoxicological fate of metals and organic contaminants in wildlife is limited. we studied concentrations of 69 elements and 50 organic compounds in 300 bank voles (myodes glareolus), europe's most common mammal, sampled in spring and autumn 2017-2018 in five monitoring areas, representing three biogeographic ...202031955071
deciphering copper coordination in the mammalian prion protein amyloidogenic domain.prions are pathological isoforms of the cellular prion protein that is responsible for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tse). cellular prion protein interacts with copper, cu(ii), through octarepeat and nonoctarepeat (non-or) binding sites. the molecular details of cu(ii) coordination within the non-or region are not well characterized yet. by the means of small angle x-ray scattering and x-ray absorption spectroscopic methods, we have investigated the effect of cu(ii) on prion protein ...202031952810
relationship between heavy metal accumulation and histological alterations in voles from alpine and forest habitats of the west carpathians.the interaction between toxic heavy metals and bio-elements in internal organs and femoral bones and their potential impacts on bone structural properties and renal histopathological changes in bank voles and snow voles were investigated. our results reveal that heavy metals hg and pb accumulate more in femoral bones of alpine habitats than forests. in snow voles, the parameters of the primary osteons' vascular canals (length, average perimeter and area) simultaneously decreased with an increase ...202032562226
revealing mechanisms of mating plug function under sexual selection.mating plugs are produced by many sexually reproducing animals and are hypothesized to promote male fertilization success under promiscuous mating. however, tests of this hypothesis have been constrained by an inability to discriminate ejaculates of different males in direct competition. here, we use stable isotope labeling in vivo and proteomics to achieve this in a promiscuous rodent, myodes glareolus we show that, although the first male's plug is usually dislodged, it can be retained through ...202033077605
two hundred and fifty-four metagenome-assembled bacterial genomes from the bank vole gut microbiota.vertebrate gut microbiota provide many essential services to their host. to better understand the diversity of such services provided by gut microbiota in wild rodents, we assembled metagenome shotgun sequence data from a small mammal, the bank vole myodes glareolus (rodentia, cricetidae). we were able to identify 254 metagenome assembled genomes (mags) that were at least 50% (n = 133 mags), 80% (n = 77 mags) or 95% (n = 44 mags) complete. as typical for a rodent gut microbiota, these mags are d ...202032968071
implication of membrane androgen receptor (zip9) in cell senescence in regressed testes of the bank vole.here, we studied the impact of exposure to short daylight conditions on the expression of senescence marker (p16), membrane androgen receptor (zip9) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (erk 1/2), as well as cyclic amp (camp) and testosterone levels in the testes of mature bank voles. animals were assigned to groups based on an analysis of testis diameter, weight, seminiferous tubule diameter and the interstitial tissue area: group 1, not fully regressed (the highest parameters); group 2 (m ...202032961828
the utility of bank voles for studying prion disease.the transmission of prions between species is typically an inefficient process due to the species barrier, which represents incompatibility between prion seed and substrate molecules. bank voles (myodes glareolus) are an exception to this rule, as they are susceptible to a diverse range of prion strains from many different animal species. in particular, bank voles can be efficiently infected with most types of human prions and have played a critical role in validating variably protease-sensitive ...202032958232
retraction: in vitro studies of interactions between frequent and unique mrnas and cytoplasmic factors from brain tissue of several species of wild timber voles of northern eurasia, clethrionomys glareolus, clethrionomys frater and clethrionomys gapperi: a new criticism to a modern molecular-genetic concept of biological evolution. 202031701785
intraspecific variation of body size in fleas: effects of host sex and flea phenology.we investigated the effects of host sex and flea phenology (estimated as periods of high versus low abundance) on individual body size in four fleas of small mammals. amalaraeus penicilliger and ctenophthalmus uncinatus are ectoparasites of the bank vole myodes glareolus, whereas doratopsylla dasycnema and palaeopsylla soricis are ectoparasites of the common shrew sorex araneus. we found significant effects of host sex and phenology on the body size of all flea species, although there was no gen ...202032888066
ticks, fleas and rodent-hosts analyzed for the presence of borrelia miyamotoi in slovakia: the first record of borrelia miyamotoi in a haemaphysalis inermis tick.in slovakia, little knowledge is available on the occurrence, hosts and vectors of borrelia miyamotoi of the relapsing fever group. in the current study, 2160 questing and rodent-attached ticks of six species (ixodes ricinus, ixodes trianguliceps, dermacentor marginatus, dermacentor reticulatus, haemaphysalis concinna and haemaphysalis inermis), 279 fleas belonging to 9 species (ctenophthalmus agyrtes, ctenophthalmus solutus, ctenophthalmus assimilis, megabothris turbidus, amalareus penicilliger ...202032723657
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