Publications

enterovirus-specific igm in the diagnosis of meningitis.	samples of serum from 557 patients with a clinical diagnosis of meningitis or encephalitis and referred to the epsom public health laboratory during a period of 3 years were tested for enterovirus-specific igm in a mu capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). enterovirus-specific igm was detected in 45% samples from all age groups. in the 3-5-year age group, 67% specimens were positive. a notable male predominance (73%) was seen in the age group 0-15 years. as predicted, a seasonal incr ...	1989	2557369
chronic coxsackie b infection mimicking primary fibromyalgia.	we describe a patient with primary fibromyalgia according to smythe's criteria who had evidence of chronic infection with coxsackie virus over a 4-year period. we discuss the association of coxsackie infection and myalgic syndromes and review the literature.	1989	2557447
[the hemagglutinating properties and adsorption on erythrocytes of coxsackie b-3 viruses and their selected bentonite variants].	the paper is devoted to the study of the coxsackie b-3 viruses and their bentonite variants passaged on the primary and transplanted cell cultures for their hemagglutinating (ha) properties and a degree of adsorption on erythrocytes. it is shown possible to detect the ha activity of the coxsackie b-3 viruses which are passaged on the transplanted cell cultures: the variant abent has the hemagglutinating activity relative to human and rabbit erythrocytes. the variant abent+ of the coxsackie b-3 v ...	1989	2558279
[study of the antiviral activity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents in cell culture].		1989	2558448
analysis of virus protein heterogeneity among group b coxsackie viruses using a "mini" two-dimensional gel electrophoresis system.	the application of a small format two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2d-page) system to the study of protein heterogeneity among group b coxsackie virus (cvb) isolates is described. under the conditions of electrophoresis developed during this study, protein samples could be processed within 7 h and up to 300 intracellular proteins were resolved from uninfected hep-2 cell lysates. 2d-page was used to characterise the intracellular proteins of clinical cvb isolates of serotypes 4 ...	1989	2558885
[dilated cardiomyopathy: sequela of viral myocarditis?].	the study was undertaken to examine 100 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (dcm) and 62 with viral myocarditis (vm). serological studies revealed that 60% of the vm patients and 25% of the dcm patients had diagnostically significant antibody titers to coxsackie b virus. the patients from the two groups displayed nk cell deficiency, quantitative and functional suppressor defect, and severe derangements in the system of interferons. unlike dcm patients, some vm patients showed greater quantities ...	1989	2559232
pig erythrocyte ghost cells used for concentration of enteric viruses from experimentally contaminated clinical specimens.	a simple, rapid and efficient procedure of virus concentration from urine, cerebrospinal fluid (csf), and feces was developed. pig erythrocyte ghost cells were used to adsorb and elute such viruses as poliovirus lsc-1, echovirus 6, and human rotavirus (clinical isolate). in urine and csf, the adsorption efficiency range was 80-100% and elution was from 85% to greater than 100%. in addition, poliovirus lsc-1 was used as an experimental model to examine this procedure under various clinical condit ...	1989	2559952
anti-mouse igm immunoglobulin protects weanling mice from coxsackievirus infection.	mice treated from birth with rabbit anti-mouse igm antiserum (anti-mu), although immunosuppressed in regard to b cell function, may paradoxically be protected when challenged with certain viruses. our early studies indicated that short term treatment of weanling mice protected against semliki forest virus, herpes simplex virus, and coxsackievirus b1. for this study, the murine model of coxsackievirus b1 infection was chosen to determine if specific anti-mu immunoglobulin (anti-mu ig) would prote ...	1989	2560114
severity of disease induced by a pancreatropic coxsackie b4 virus correlates with the h-2kq locus of the major histocompatibility complex.	coxsackie b viruses are known etiological agents of pancreatic diseases, including diabetes. the pathogenesis of these infections is influenced by both host and viral factors. in this report, we examined whether the outcome of coxsackie b4 virus infection is dependent on the genes within the major histocompatibility complex (mhc). we generated a pancreatic variant, cb4-v and established an animal model system of pancreatitis with concurrent hypoglycemia in mice. infection of various b10 h-2 cong ...	1989	2560295
[effect of dexamethasone on coxsackie b-2 virus-infected rat beating heart cells in culture].	the effects of dexamethasone (dex) on cultured rat beating heart cells infected with 100 tcid-50 coxsackie virus b-2 (cb2v) were observed. the beating % began to decrease in the infected group 2 or 3 d post-challenge. meanwhile, the cytopathic effect (cpe) appeared rapidly from 1+ to 3+. in the infected and dex-treated group 1 h after inoculation, the beating % and cpe in the whole flask were significantly higher and less, respectively, than that in the group infected (p less than 0.05) at the s ...	1989	2560313
viral contamination of some drinking waters in romania: a twenty years survey.	a synthesis is made on the 20 years virological survey of the drinking water from some towns of romania. the sampling of the water was made by the gauze-pad method. the virus concentration method by adsorption-elution with the yeast cells was applied concomitantly, at first with the pe60 method, then, during the last years, either with aluminum hydroxide or with the polymer pv methods, and the concentrates were inoculated both into suckling mice and into cell cultures. various types of coxsackie ...	1989	2560479
coxsackie virus and rheumatic fever. a correlative study.	twenty-one patients of whom 13 had acute rheumatic fever and 8 had recurrence of rheumatic fever were studied for the evidence of coxsackie b viral infection using neutralisation test. a significant rise was noted in 17 cases (81%) and two cases had very high initial titre of neutralising antibodies to coxsackie b viruses type 1 to 6. mixed infection with more than one serotype was seen in 11 cases. coxsackie b2 was the commonest type and 14 patients had antistreptolysin 'o' anti-bodies. the hig ...	1989	2561125
[the role of coxsackie b viruses in the etiology of dilated cardiomyopathy].	in order to establish the relationship between coxsackie b virus infection and dilated cardiomyopathy (dcmp), 53 patients suffering from dcmp underwent serological tests. the rate of demonstration of virus-neutralizing antibodies at different titres was compared with the respective values in the previously examined 180 patients with myocarditis, 58 patients with myocardial sclerosis and 150 normal persons. in dcmp, antibodies against b2 type virus were detectable more frequently (p less than 0.0 ...	1989	2561232
low levels of mumps virus antigen induced interferon-alpha production in insulin-dependent diabetes.	the in vitro production of interferon-alpha was studied in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from children with insulin-dependent diabetes. significantly lower levels (p less than 0.01) of interferon (median 64 iu/ml) were found in mumps antigen stimulated cultures of iddm patients compared to control children (median 256 iu/ml) whereas no differences between groups were found in the amount of interferon induced by coxsackie b pool antigen or live sendai virus.	1989	2561352
[determination of antibody levels against coxsackie b virus type 2 and type 3 in sera from blood donors using the microneutralization test].	the presence of antibodies and their titers against coxsackie b virus type 2 and type 3 (cbv-2 and cbv-3) have been investigated in 208 blood donor's sera obtained from blood bank of gülhane military medical academy. the seropositivity against coxsackie b virus type 2 and type 3 have been determined 59.1% (123/208) and 7.2% (15/208) respectively. these findings suggest that coxsackie b virus type 2 infections may be present more widely than coxsackie b virus type 3 infections in our country.	1989	2562136
chronic relapsing pericarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy: serological evidence of persistent enterovirus infection.	by means of two different igm-capture assays, enterovirus-specific igm responses were shown in 9 of 14 (64%) patients with chronic relapsing pericarditis. this finding suggests persistent enterovirus infection, particularly coxsackie b virus infection. igm responses persisted for at least 1 year and for up to 10 years after onset of symptoms. in contrast, patients with acute enterovirus infections, including acute pericarditis, had transient responses. among patients with acute pericarditis, the ...	1989	2564902
coxsackievirus-induced disease. cd4+ cells initiate both myocarditis and pancreatitis in dba/2 mice.	dba/2 male mice inoculated intraperitoneally with 1.8 x 10(5) plaque-forming units (pfu) coxsackievirus b-3 (cvb3) showed extensive inflammatory cell infiltration of the myocardium and acinar tissue of the pancreas in 7 days. selective depletion of t lymphocyte subpopulations indicated that cd4 cells were either completely or partially responsible for cell damage in both organs. other organs such as the liver were infected and contained virus titers equivalent to those seen in the heart and panc ...	1989	2573284
steady-state infection by echovirus 6 associated with nonlytic viral rna and an unprocessed capsid polypeptide.	we established a human cell line which was persistently infected (pi) by the normally cytolytic echovirus 6. all of the cultured pi cells contained genome-size viral rna which was synthesized continuously and incorporated into virus particles. this steady-state infection has been maintained for more than 6 years. in contrast to rna of wild-type echovirus 6, the viral rna from pi cells was not lytic when transfected into uninfected, susceptible cells. the capsid polypeptides of the virus particle ...	1989	2585604
fatal outcome of echovirus 7 infection.	a 9-month-old boy died of a disseminated echovirus 7 (e7) infection with virus being cultured from his liver and spleen. his hepatic failure was complicated by candidiasis and marrow hypoplasia and aggravated by a possible immune deficiency.	1989	2587948
severe encephalitis associated with disseminated echovirus 22 infection.	severe encephalitis associated with disseminated echovirus 22 infection occurred in a previously healthy 5-month-old boy. echovirus 22 was diagnosed by a seroconversion both in serum and cerebrospinal fluid and by isolation of the virus from several stool samples. the child damaged severely and at the age of 8 1/2 months infantile spasms developed.	1989	2587949
[non-poliomyelitis viruses in poland 1982-1987].	diseases caused by non-polio enteroviruses (enp) are diagnosed virologically and serologically in 17 virology laboratories of the province sanitary-epidemiological stations and the department of virology, state institute of hygiene. the results of these investigations are available in the form of documentation including the type of the isolated virus, the result of serological investigation, the date of disease onset, the clinical diagnosis, the age and sex of the patient. these data were analyz ...	1989	2616797
[role of viral reactivation in recurrent adenoiditis and tonsillitis in children].	we have been made virus cultures, excepting ebv, in adenoid and palatine tonsil tissue come from adenotonsillectomy. they were practised to eighteen patients between 4 and 17 years old who suffered recurrent infections processes of these organs. the total was 22 specimens to estimate the reactivation function of latent virus in the etiology of this pathology.	1989	2629934
[echo-ii virus, the pathogen of the third outbreak of uveitis in children in kransnoyarsk, 1986].	the third outbreak of an acute infection accompanied in 3 cases by inflammation of the uveal membrane (uveitis) was recorded among infants in krasnoyarsk in 1986. from the infants with the eye involvement as well as from those in contact with the former, 36 strains of echo-11 virus were isolated, and seroconversion to this virus was demonstrated. all the infants in contact with the eye patients were given gamma-globulin which seemed to limit the spread of the infection. the third outbreak of uve ...	1989	2728407
[immunomodulation mechanisms in the anti-tumor effect of the echo-7 enterovirus].	it has been established that the complex systemic and local administration of human echo-7 virus exerts an inhibitory effect on the growth of mx-17 tumour in the balb/c mice without the signs of viral oncolysis. the antitumour effect is due to a modulation of the antitumour immunity (immunological regression) against a background of the viral immunogenesis.	1989	2791955
in vivo significance of t cells in the development of coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis in mice. immature but antigen-specific t cells aggravate cardiac injury.	acute myocardial damage similar to that seen in human myocarditis occurs in balb/c mice after infection with coxsackievirus b3 (cb3) or encephalomyocarditis virus (emc). to investigate the role of antigen-specific t cells in the pathogenesis of this disorder, we compared cb3 disease expression in t cell-deficient, athymic nude (nu/nu) mice, in heterozygote (nu/+) mice with normal t cell function, and in nu/nu mice reconstituted with spleen cells from cb3- or emc-infected nu/+ mice. acute myocard ...	1990	1697791
reactivity of enterovirus-specific igm with infective and defective coxsackie b virions in patients with monotypic and multitypic igm responses.	the antigenic specificity of enterovirus (ev)-specific igm (ev-igm) responses in patients with acute enterovirus infection was studied using an igm-capture elisa (ev-igm elisa) employing coxsackie b virus types 1-5 (cbv 1-5) antigens. using antigens fractionated in caesium chloride (cscl) gradients, and monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and polyclonal antisera of defined specificity as detector antibody to detect igm-bound antigen, igm of single serotype specificity was shown to react consistently wi ...	1990	1702793
[virus demonstration and pathologic changes in different phases of coxsackievirus b myocarditis in mice].	a/j mice between 15 days and 10 weeks of age were infected intraperitoneally with coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3). to search for virus in the myocardium various methods were applied: virus isolation from the myocardium, rna extraction for dot blot hybridization and in situ hybridization. two different rna probes, one specific for cvb3 the other cross-reacting with other enteroviruses, were radioactively labeled with 35s or 32p by in vitro transcription. in paraffin sections histological alterations wer ...	1990	1708625
[experimental data on relations of viral myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy].	the aim of the given study is to simulate viral myocarditis (vmc) experimentally and to reveal morphologic evidences of its transformations into the dilatation cardiomyopathy (dcmp). syrian golden hamsters were infected with coxsackie b2 virus. optical and electron microscopic morphological changes of myocardium showed the possible transformation of vmc into dcmp.	1990	1963335
[coxsackie b virus infection].	a case of a 27-year patient with a clinical syndrome of coxsackie b viral infection is presented. the symptoms included pleurodynia, myocarditis and the acute gastritis. the diagnosis was confirmed with serological tests which showed high titre of antibodies neutralizing coxsackie b3. the symptoms of myocardial infarction dominated in both clinical course and autopsy. the authors suggest that serological tests specific for coxsackie b infection should be performed in the young patients with the ...	1990	1964729
coxsackie b4 virus-induced changes in mouse pancreatic beta-cell mrnas.		1990	1965173
arrhythmias in coxsackie b3 virus myocarditis. continuous electrocardiography in conscious mice and histopathology of the heart with special reference to the conduction system.	in patients with acute myocarditis, arrhythmias constitute one of the crucial risk factors for morbidity and mortality. to clarify the incidences and the chronological features of arrhythmias and their correlation with the histopathology of the heart, we conducted continuous electrocardiography in an animal model of viral myocarditis, and light microscopy of the heart with special reference to the conduction system. forty weanling c3h/he mice were divided into an inoculated group (ig) and a cont ...	1990	1965542
[isolation of viruses from autopsy material during the coxsackie virus epidemic in sarajevo in 1985].	in this paper were presented results of isolation of vira from some organs of the dead newborn infants during the epidemy coxsackie b virosis in sarajevo in 1985. 12 newborn died. obduction was done in seven newborn. from the seven obducated, in six were isolated coxsackie b-3 vira from heart, lungs, brain, liquor, blood, heart blood but the attempts of isolation of the vira from intestine and from pericardial liquor did not succeed.	1990	1965546
[influence of dexamethasone on electrical activities in cultured rat beating myocardial cells infected with coxsackie b-2 virus].	the effects of dexamethasone (dex) on electrical activities in cultured rat beating myocardial cells infected with 100 tcid-50 coxsackie b-2 virus (cb2v) was evaluated by conventional intracellular microelectrode technique. the frequency began to increase, the beating % decreased, and multiform arrhythmias were shown in the infected group 24 h post-challenge. meanwhile, the cytopathic effect (cpe) appeared rapidly from 1+ to 3+. in the infected and dex-treated group, the beating % was higher and ...	1990	1966573
enterovirus isolation from foetal and placental tissues.	four spontaneous abortions and two stillbirth occurred during a prospective survey following the teratogenicity of echoviruses in 80 pregnant women selected at random from the antenatal care service. echovirus types 19, 27, and 33. coxsackie b2 and b6 were isolated from placental and foetal tissues (brain, liver, kidney, heart, and spleen). the mothers also excreted the virus by faeces at least twenty days before abortion and responded serologically, indicating active virus infection. almost all ...	1990	1975725
[the miller-fisher syndrome during echo-7 neuro-infection. a case history].	the authors describe a case of a 36-year old male patient with the miller fisher syndrome of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and areflexia. an apparent etiopathogenetic factor in this case appears to be echo 7 virus. the pathological process was localized in the brainstem.	1990	2131433
cardiovascular lipid accumulation with coxsackie b virus infection in mice.	the authors used a myocarditic coxsackievirus b3 infection in balb/c mice to investigate cardiovascular lipid accumulation and whether a cholesterol-enriched diet influences the development of the myocardial inflammatory reaction. it was found that, seven days after cb3 infection, the accumulation of 14c-cholesterol increased by 75% (p less than 0.001) in the heart and by 92% (p less than 0.001) in the aorta. this infection also caused extensive inflammatory lesions (4.5% of tissue section area) ...	1990	2153346
specific detection of enteroviruses in clinical samples by molecular hybridization using poliovirus subgenomic riboprobes.	enteroviruses were specifically detected in crude clinical specimens or in cell cultures in which the viruses were amplified by dot hybridization by using poliovirus type 1-derived, subgenomic radiolabeled crna probes (riboprobes). the sensitivity of this test varied from 2.5 to 33%, when clinical specimens without cell culture were examined, and was about 85% in cell culture lysates. the specificity of the test was 90 to 100%. the riboprobe corresponding to the 5'-noncoding sequence specificall ...	1990	2155917
coxsackievirus-b3-induced myocarditis: virus receptor antibodies modulate myocarditis.		1990	2155966
secondary enterovirus infection in the murine model of myocarditis. pathologic and immunologic aspects.	enteroviruses are implicated as etiologic agents in the inflammatory diseases myocarditis and polymyositis. in this report, we show that a previous enterovirus exposure in mice can influence development of myocardial inflammation with a second enteroviral exposure. inoculation of 25-day-old male c3h/hej mice with 10(3) or 10(5) plaque-forming units (pfu) of infectious or ultra violet (uv)-inactivated coxsackievirus b2 (cvb2), followed by inoculation 28 days later with 10(5) pfu of a myocarditic ...	1990	2156432
progressive interstitial collagen deposition in coxsackievirus b3-induced murine myocarditis.	myocardial fibrosis can be produced in certain inbred strains of mice after coxsackievirus b subtype 3 (cvb3) infection. the mechanism responsible for this interstitial matrix alteration is unknown. the presumption is that fibrosis occurs in areas of myocyte damage and inflammation associated with viral infection, analogous to scar formation after cell injury in other organ systems. to test this hypothesis, we examined the hearts of a/j strain mice infected with three cvb3 variants (crowell [cvb ...	1990	2156433
effect of enteroviruses on adherence to and invasion of hep-2 cells by campylobacter isolates.	coinfection of hep-2 epithelial cells with coxsackievirus b3, echovirus 7, poliovirus (lsc type 1), porcine enterovirus, and campylobacter isolates was performed to determine if a synergistic effect could be obtained. the invasiveness of campylobacter jejuni atcc 33560 was significantly increased for hep-2 cells preinfected with echovirus 7, coxsackievirus b3, and uv-inactivated (noninfectious) coxsackievirus b3 particles. additionally, the invasiveness of c. jejuni m96, a clinical isolate, was ...	1990	2156779
complete nucleotide sequence of infectious coxsackievirus b3 cdna: two initial 5' uridine residues are regained during plus-strand rna synthesis.	a full-length reverse-transcribed, infectious cdna copy of coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) was used to determine the nucleotide sequence of this cardiotropic enterovirus. comparison of the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence of the viral precursor polyprotein with the sequences of other group b coxsackieviruses (cvb1 and cvb4) demonstrates a high degree of genetic identity. they share about 80% homology at the nucleotide level and about 90% when the amino acid sequences of the polyp ...	1990	2157045
echovirus 22 is an atypical enterovirus.	although echovirus 22 (ev22) is classified as an enterovirus in the family picornaviridae, it is atypical of the enterovirus paradigm, typified by the polioviruses and the coxsackie b viruses. cdna reverse transcribed from coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) rna does not hybridize to genomic rna of ev22, and conversely, cdna made to ev22 does not hybridize to cvb3 genomic rna or to molecular clones of cvb3 or poliovirus type 1. ev22 cdna does not hybridize to viral rna of encephalomyocarditis virus or to a ...	1990	2159539
characterization of poliovirus clones containing lethal and nonlethal mutations in the genome-linked protein vpg.	viral rna synthesis was assayed in hela cells transfected with nonviable poliovirus rna mutated in the genome-linked protein vpg-coding region. the transfecting rna was transcribed in vitro from full-length poliovirus type 1 (mahoney) cdna containing a vpg mutagenesis cartridge. hybridization experiments using ribonucleotide probes specific for the 3' end of positive- and negative-sense poliovirus rna indicated that all mutant rnas encoding a linking tyrosine in position 3 or 4 of vpg were repli ...	1990	2159557
evidence suggesting that virulence maps to the p1 region of the coxsackievirus b4 genome.	a chimeric virus containing the p1 region of a virulent variant of coxsackievirus b4 and the p2 and p3 regions of a nonvirulent strain was constructed from cdna clones. the chimeric virus induced pancreatitis with concurrent hypoglycemia similar to that observed in mice infected with the virulent variant.	1990	2159563
[study on the biological properties of solubilized hela cell receptors for group b coxsackieviruses].	the properties of solubilized receptors for coxsackieviruses b (cbv) on hela cells were investigated. it was found that the receptor activity and antigenicity were comparatively sensitive to ph change and were rather stable over a wide range of temperatures (4 degrees c-60 degrees c) but they were destroyed completely when the temperature rose to 100 degrees c. oxidation and reduction augmented the receptor antigenicity, while the receptor activity was lowered only by oxidation and not by reduct ...	1990	2161293
immunodeficiency as primary phenotype of diabetes mutation db. studies with coxsackievirus b4.	restriction of food intake (r) in the c57bl/ksj db/db diabetic mutant mouse prevents phenotypic expression of diabetes, whereas ad libitum feeding (al) results in spontaneous diabetes. previous results showed that coxsackievirus b4 (cb4)-infected genetically identical db/db mice with and without diabetes could be distinguished by the levels of cb4-neutralizing antibody and virus-specific antibodies as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the numbers of splenic antibody-forming cel ...	1990	2161367
treatment of experimental coxsackie b-3 viral myocarditis with astragalus membranaceus in mice.	a murine model system for observing the effect of astragalus membranaceus (am) on experimental myocarditis caused by coxsackie b-3 virus (cb3v) was developed in 4-week-old male balb/c mice. gross, histopathologic and ultrastructural examinations of the infected-am treated group showed that the severity and involved area of the myocardial lesions became milder and smaller than those in the infected-ns treated mice. the total lesion area, and the total lesion area/total myocardial area examined (% ...	1990	2161724
persistence of enteroviral rna in chronic fatigue syndrome is associated with the abnormal production of equal amounts of positive and negative strands of enteroviral rna.	a subgenomic restriction fragment from cdna prepared from coxsackie b2 virus (cvb2) rna was subcloned into a riboprobe vector allowing the production of enteroviral group-specific rna probes complementary to either the positive (genomic) or negative (template) strand of enteroviral rna. these riboprobes were used to follow productive infection of cultured cells by cvb2; as expected, positive strand rna was synthesized in approximately 100-fold excess over negative strand. rna was extracted from ...	1990	2161907
experiments on antiviral activity of hand disinfectants. some theoretical and practical considerations.	various members of the picornavirus family, adenovirus 2, papovavirus sv40, as well as rotaviruses were tested for inactivation of infectivity by hand disinfectants formulated on the basis of ethanol. the inactivating effect of povidine-iodine (betaisodona) on enteroviruses and rotaviruses was also investigated. the degree of inactivation by these disinfectants on the various non-enveloped viruses studied, however, was found unpredictable. in fact, striking differences with the very same disinfe ...	1990	2163645
[late prognosis of viral myocarditis].	85 cases of virologically proved viral myocarditis were followed up for 96.45 +/- 23.7 months for a better understanding of the late prognosis of this disease. among these cases, 63 (74.1%) were cured, 14 (16.5%) remained with sequelae, 8 (3.5%) became chronic and 5 (5.9%) of the patients died. most of the abnormal findings, i.e. physical signs, x-ray, ecg and ucg changes, originally existing on admission of the survived patients disappeared. the clinical features of the chronic cases resemble t ...	1990	2163732
effect of astragalus membranaceus on electric activities of cultured rat beating heart cells infected with coxsackie b-2 virus.	astragalus membranaceus (am) which has a protective effect on rat beating heart cells infected experimentally with coxsackie b-2 virus was evaluated on the basis of changes in morphologic and electric activity of the cells. rhythm, beating frequency, beating percentage, cardiac cellular damage and cytopathic effects (cpe) were monitored every 24 h after challenge; electric activities parameters were measured by conventional intracellular microelectrode technique. significant protective effects w ...	1990	2164463
expression of major histocompatibility complex class i antigen in murine ventricular myocytes infected with coxsackievirus b3.	evidence has accumulated that t cell-mediated autoimmunity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis. t lymphocytes are known to recognize antigen-presenting cells, such as virus-infected cells, being restricted by syngeneic major histocompatibility complex (mhc) antigens. to clarify in more detail the immunological mechanisms involved, we induced acute viral myocarditis in c3h/he mouse ventricles with coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) and examined, by immunofluorescence, the expre ...	1990	2165443
coxsackie b4 viruses with the potential to damage beta cells of the islets are present in clinical isolates.	infections with coxsackie viruses (especially coxsackie b4) are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes. many interdependent variables determine the outcome of an infection with a coxsackie virus, one of them being the tropism of the virus for a specific tissue. the extent to which beta cell tropic variants of coxsackie b4 virus occur naturally was assessed. human isolates of this virus were tested in an in vitro system in which elevated insulin release from infected islets incuba ...	1990	2165944
coxsackie b1 virus infection enhances the bacterial invasiveness, the phagocytosis and the membrane permeability in hep-2 cells.	to analyze the effect of coxsackie b1 virus infection on bacterial invasiveness, phagocytosis and cytoplasma membrane permeability, we have studied invasiveness of shigella flexneri, unspecific phagocytosis of latex particles and release of the non-metabolizible amino acid, alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (aib). virus infection enhanced invasiveness of s. flexneri and phagocytosis of latex beads and increased plasma membrane permeability as measured by release of aib. the effect on all three function ...	1990	2166540
a qualitative and quantitative method for in situ characterization of the inflammatory response in experimental myocarditis.	coxsackie virus b3 causes myocarditis in balb/c inbred mice. in this model mortality is about 60% on day 7 and 95% on day 12 after inoculation. significant inflammatory infiltrates appear on day 7. recent research has focused on the immune response to explain the ensuing tissue damage. thus we were interested in mapping cellular interaction and time course to understand the development of a possible autoimmune attack. by a newly developed immunohistochemical staining technique single lymphocytes ...	1990	2166542
evaluation of virus neutralization antibody levels in diabetic mutant mice.	experiments were designed to determine whether genetic predisposition to diabetes or overt diabetes in the identical genotype had an effect on the level of neutralization antibodies to coxsackievirus b4 (cb4). quantitation of neutralization antibody (nt) levels against cb4 was performed using both the 50% endpoint procedure and the multivariate wilcoxon rank sum test. the results of these experiments demonstrate that the use of the multivariate procedure for the analysis of neutralization antibo ...	1990	2166746
functional diversity in vascular endothelial cells: role in coxsackievirus tropism.	six plaque-purified virus isolates were obtained from liver and heart tissues of a dba/2 mouse infected 7 days earlier with 10(4) pfu of coxsackievirus group b type 3. each virus isolate was assayed in vitro for infectivity to vascular endothelial cells (vec) of the liver, lungs, and heart. both the percentage of vec infected and the mean progeny pfu produced per infected vec were determined. virus isolates from the heart showed greater infectivity and replication in heart vec than in vec derive ...	1990	2166828
induction of heterotypic virus resistance in adult inbred mice immunized with a variant of coxsackievirus b3.	infection of adult male c3h/hej mice with a host range variant of coxsackievirus b3 (cb3w-rd) induced resistance in these mice to an otherwise lethal dose of coxsackievirus b1 (cb1). the protective effect induced by cb3w-rd was detectable as early as 1 day post-vaccination and was still present 10 weeks later. while untreated mice infected with cb1 died within 5 days because of massive hepatic necrosis, the liver was spared in mice immunized with cb3w-rd and then challenged with cb1. in general, ...	1990	2166894
ventricular tachycardia associated with coxsackie b4 virus infection.	we describe a case of ventricular tachycardia in association with acute coxsackie b4 virus infection occurring in an otherwise normal infant. the dysrhythmia responded to flecainide acetate.	1990	2166993
a molecular and serologic evaluation of enteroviral involvement in human myocarditis.	murine coxsackie b virus infection models of myocarditis and numerous human serologic studies associating elevated enterovirus-specific igm titers with the clinical diagnosis of myocarditis have been used to support an etiologic role for enteroviruses in human myocarditis. of the human enteroviruses, coxsackie b viruses (cvb) are the enterovirus group most commonly associated with the human disease. while hybridization probes exist to detect most, if not all, human enteroviruses, no probe capabl ...	1990	2167382
coxsackie b antigen in the central nervous system of a patient with fatal acute encephalitis: immunohistochemical studies of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue.	a case of fatal acute encephalitis due to coxsackie b1 virus is described. confirmation of coxsackie b virus as the etiological agent of encephalitis was based on identification of the virus antigen in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. in the past, the diagnosis was obtained by serological studies of peripheral blood and viral isolation. this is the first report in which indirect immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase methods using rabbit antiserum raised against coxsackie b type ...	1990	2167606
immunosuppression with high doses of cyclophosphamide reduces the severity of myocarditis but increases the mortality in murine coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis.	to test the therapeutic efficacy of immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide (cyp) on coxsackievirus b3 (cb3) myocarditis, 2-week-old dba/2 mice were inoculated with 3 x 10(2) plaque-forming units of cb3 virus. cyp (100 mg/kg/day s.c.) was administered daily on days 0-8 (experiment 1; group 2), days 8-21 (experiment 2; group 4), and days 21-34 (experiment 3; group 6). groups 1, 3, and 5 were infected control groups for each experiment. spleen, thymus, and body weights were measured. in experiment ...	1990	2168299
species-specific substrate interaction of picornavirus 3c proteinase suballelic exchange mutants.	the substrate recognition properties of the polio-virus type 1 and coxsackievirus b3 3c proteinases have been examined in vitro by allelic and suballelic exchange of 3c between the cloned virus genomes. the activity of the altered 3c proteinases was examined by translation of synthetic rna in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate/hela cell extract translation system. analysis of the subsequent processing of virus polyproteins by the altered 3c proteinases showed that all of the mutant proteinases maintai ...	1990	2168426
vaccination of balb/c mice against enteroviral mediated myocarditis.	a non-virulent strain of coxsackie b3 (cb3) virus was used to produce a subunit vaccine. it contains the capsid proteins vp1, 2, 3 and probably 4 and can be made rna-free. it is based on the iscom technology ensuring non-toxic properties and good adjuvant effect. vaccinated animals at doses above 16 ng were completely protected from mortality when challenged with a myocarditic strain of cb3. histologically no inflammatory lesions were found in the heart. this was corroborated using immune histol ...	1990	2168608
[effects of coxsackie b-2 virus infection on electrophysiologic properties of beating cultured rat heart cells].	beating rat heart cell cultures were prepared in vitro and infected with coxsackie b-2 virus. the cells were evaluated in the post infected period for changes in beating frequency, percentage of active cells and cytopathic effect (cpe), and for alterations of the electrical activity by standard intracellular microelectrode techniques. the beating frequency and percentage of active cells began to decrease in infected group at 24 h, and the beating percentage was less than 30% at 96 h after virus ...	1990	2168827
enhancement of coxsackievirus b3 replication in vero cells by indomethacin.		1990	2169504
epidemic of fever of unknown origin in rural thailand, caused by influenza a (h1n1) and dengue fever.	in the late summer (rainy season) of 1987, a sharp outbreak of fever of unknown origin (fuo) in rural southern thailand was investigated by a field epidemiology team. in a random survey of households, 40 percent of the children and 20 percent of adults were reported to have had febrile illnesses within the last month. there was at least one death, possibly from reye's syndrome. testing 34 pairs of acute and convalescent sera showed significant hi antibody titer rises to influenza a (taiwan/(h1n1 ...	1990	2169651
detection and differentiation of picornaviruses in clinical samples following genomic amplification.	a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was used to detect and differentiate picornaviruses (pvs), using primers homologous to the 5' non-coding and vp2 regions of the pv genome. the pcr resulted in a 530 bp pcr product for human rhinoviruses (hrvs) and a 650 bp product for polioviruses, coxsackieviruses (cv) or echoviruses. the pcr assay could detect as little as 1 p.f.u. of virus in either cerebrospinal fluid (csf) or stool, using ethidium bromide-stained gels. standard strains of poliovirus, ...	1990	2170576
effects of b4 coxsackievirus infection on cell-mediated immunity, natural cytotoxicity and interleukin-1 production by spleen cells, in mice.	by using cba inbred mice as responders, the influence of in vivo b4 coxsackievirus infection (in two separate experimental procedures) on anti-virus cell-mediated immunity (cmi), natural killer (nk) cell activity and lipopolysaccharide (lps) induced interleukin-1 (il-1) production in spleen cells were studied. both experimental infection schedules were able to induce a "positive" cmi response. nk cell activity was also significantly stimulated, especially by the administration of high virus amou ...	1990	2171627
[diversity of etiological agent associated with aseptic meningitis--a survey on an epidemic in tajimi city, gifu prefecture in 1984].	during the period from may to september in 1984, an epidemic of aseptic meningitis occurred in tajimi city, gifu prefecture. virological and serological investigations were performed. cases involved ranged from 0 to 12 years of age, and 83.1% of them were under 7 years of age. four types of enteroviruses were isolated from 38 to 59 cases (64.4%), and virus type isolated were coxsackie b1 (15 cases), b4 (2 cases), b5 (4 cases), echovirus 16 (14 cases), a mixture of coxsackie-virus b4 and echoviru ...	1990	2172413
[neutralizing antibodies to coxsackie virus group b 1986-1988].	presence of neutralizing antibodies to coxsackie b viruses (cbv) 1-5 were examined in 2885 human sera by the neutralization test. the most frequently detected antibodies were to b4 viruses (in 1495 sera--51.82%) and to b3 (1371--47.52%). antibodies to other serotypes were found in lower percentage: to b1 in 387 samples (13-41%), to b2 in 404 sera (14%) and in b5 in 332 sera (11.5%). presence of neutralizing antibodies to human cbv in heart diseases were also analysed in 67 serum pairs. in this g ...	1990	2173272
removal of pathogenic human viruses by insoluble pyridinium-type resin.	cross-linked poly(n-benzyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide) (bvp resin) was found to be very efficient in removing pathogenic human viruses from aqueous solution. in batch removal experiments using 50 g/l of bvp resin at 35 degrees c, the level of infectivity in suspensions of enterovirus, herpes simplex virus, poliovirus, and human immunodeficiency virus was reduced 1000-100,000 fold during a 2 h period. those of coxsackievirus and echovirus were reduced 60-600 fold during 1 h contact. the haemagglut ...	1990	2174373
[experimental glomerulonephritis induced by coxsackie b4 virus in mice--glomerular changes associated with intermittent viral inoculations].	it has been considered that viruses may be implicated in the genesis and progression of glomerular diseases. several experimental and clinical studies have reported nephritogenecity of coxsackie (cox.) b4 virus infection. so in order to elucidate glomerulopathy of intermittent cox. b4 virus infection, one-month-old swiss albino mice were inoculated intravenously with purified cox. b4 virus, 3 x 10(7) tcd50, once a month, and then were sacrificed from 4 to 9 mo. of age (from 3 to 8 times inoculat ...	1990	2175817
detection of immunoglobulin g, m, and a antibodies to enterovirus structural proteins by immunoblot technique in echovirus type 4-infected patients.	paired serum specimens from 24 patients with echovirus (ev) type 4 infection by virus isolation were tested by the immunoblot technique for the presence of igg, igm, and iga antibodies to ev4 structural proteins. single sera from 20 patients without neutralizing enterovirus igm were used as controls. all the sera from ev4-infected patients had igg antibodies to vp1 of ev4 but also 13 out of the 20 controls. 23 out of 24 ev4-infected patients elicited igm and iga specific antibodies to vp1, a pat ...	1990	2176661
[influence of coxsackie b4 virus on uptake and transport of colloidal carbon by glomerular mesangium].	to evaluate the influence of coxsackie b4 virus (cox. b4 virus) on the clearing function of the mesangium, colloidal carbon and cox. b4 virus were intravenously injected into five groups of female swiss albino mice. group i received carbon and no cox. b4 virus; group ii, carbon and live cox. b4 virus; and group iii, carbon and inactivated cox. b4 virus; group iv and v received live and inactivated cox. b4 virus, respectively, first, followed by carbon. semiquantitative analysis of the distributi ...	1990	2177114
antigenic competition between dengue and coxsackie viruses for presentation to b cells by macrophages.	macrophages (m phi) pulsed with dengue type 2 (dv) and coxsackie b4 (coxb) viruses present antigen to b lymphocytes leading to their clonal expansion as detected by counting antigen-specific igm antibody plaque-forming cells (pfc). the present study was undertaken to investigate the site for competition in m phi between the two heterologous antigens, dv and coxb, for their presentation to b cells. it was observed that dv-pulsed m phi presented antigen to b cells in mice depleted of t cells by tr ...	1990	2177622
the viral genome in experimental murine coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis: a northern blotting analysis.	the presence of viral genomes in the murine heart in experimental coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis was investigated by northern blotting analysis. four-week-old c3h/he mice were inoculated with coxsackievirus b3. after sacrifice, the hearts were divided into 3 parts. total rna was extracted from one part of the heart. the other two parts were used for investigation of histopathology and of virus titer by plaque assay. the 32p-labeled cdna probe was derived from the 5' end sequence of the coxsackiev ...	1990	2177795
impact on routine diagnosis of echovirus infections of intratypic differentiation and antigenic variation in echovirus type 25 studied by using monoclonal antibodies.	we studied the biological and antigenic properties of wild strains of echovirus type 25 isolated in france between 1982 and 1987 and compared them with the jv-4 prototype strains isolated in 1957. the wild strains differed from the prototype strain in their cellular tropism. the prototype strain grew readily in five cell lines (mrc5, ma 104, vero, bgm, and ht 29-18), while for wild strains mrc5 and ht 29-18 cells were the most sensitive and supported growth to high titres (between 4.5 and 7.4 50 ...	1990	2229354
[acute transverse myelitis associated with echo-25 virus infection].	a case of acute transverse myelitis associated with echo-25 virus infection was reported here with a brief review of the literature. the patient was a 42-year-old house wife. without any antecedent symptoms, weakness and paresthesia of bilateral lower extremities, and sphincter disturbance developed suddenly. neurological examination revealed paraplegia of both legs, hyperreflexia of lower extremities, bilateral positive babinski sign and impairment of all sensory modalities below th4 level. no ...	1990	2242635
[the geographical spread of enterovirus uveitis in the ussr].	enteroviral uveitis is accompanied by intensive and long-term production of specific neutralizing antibodies. the antibody titer to the causative virus echo 19/k (siberia, krasnoyarsk, 1980-1981) was 1:1000-1:65,000 in 80% of children 5 to 6 1/2 years after the illness. in retrospective examinations of blood sera from children with the history of uveitis using a neutralization test with ophthalmotropic strains of echo 19 and echo 11 viruses, the echo-virus etiology of this disease was first esta ...	1990	2256316
mapping of a neutralizing antigenic site of coxsackievirus b4 by construction of an antigen chimera.	a neutralizing antigenic site of coxsackievirus b4 (cvb4) was identified by construction of an antigen chimera between coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) and cvb4. this chimera, designated cvb3/4, was constructed by inserting five amino acids of the putative bc loop of the structural protein vp1 of cvb4 into the corresponding loop of cvb3 by site-directed mutagenesis of infectious recombinant cvb3 cdna. the chimeric cdna was capable of inducing an infectious cycle upon transfection of permissive host cell ...	1991	1645779
[epidemiologic factors and serum antibody titer to coxsackie b-4 virus in patients with type i diabetes].	in 150 patients (aged 4-16) with type i diabetes, hospitalized in the paediatric institute in lublin in the years 1968 bis 1979, some epidemiological data were analysed, including age, sex and the month of onset of diabetes. an increase of the number of onsets of diabetes type i was observed in the second half of the year, particularly in september and october, similarly to the occurrence of some virological infections, including coxsackie b-4. our question was if the coxsackie b-4 virus could h ...	1991	1647469
lps promotes cb3-induced myocarditis in resistant b10.a mice.	coxsackie virus b3 (cb3) infection of a/j or a.sw mice results in autoimmune myocarditis characterized by a diffuse mononuclear cell infiltrate and heart-specific autoantibodies. c57bl/10 congenic mice that are identically treated are resistant to this disease. cb3-infected resistant b10.a mice were treated with lps to determine if this immunomodulator alters disease susceptibility. in contrast to mice infected only with cb3 or treated only with lps. cb3-infected/lps-treated (cb3/lps) b10.a mice ...	1991	1647882
limb paralysis as a manifestation of coxsackie b virus infection.	forty-four african children (25 girls, 19 boys) are described with single or multiple limb paralysis as a manifestation of infection with coxsackie b virus. single limb paralysis involved exclusively the lower extremity, with no nervous system involvement elsewhere and a relatively benign prognosis. multiple limb paralysis occurred either alone or with other neurological deficits. only two of 15 patients followed up for five months or longer regained premorbid motor status. seven patients requir ...	1991	1648520
susceptibility of normal human joint tissue to viruses.	a model system has been developed to investigate the comparative ability of different viruses to replicate and persist intraarticularly. the viruses chosen for study were rubella, mumps, coxsackie b4, adenovirus and varicella zoster, a selection of viruses with different degrees of association with joint symptoms in clinical studies. our results showed that these viruses demonstrated a range of abilities to infect and persist in human joint tissue cultured in vitro. the most arthritogenic viruse ...	1991	1650840
nucleotide sequences important for translation initiation of enterovirus rna.	an infectious cdna clone was constructed from the genome of coxsackievirus b1 strain. a number of rna transcripts that have mutations in the 5' noncoding region were synthesized in vitro from the modified cdna clones and examined for their abilities to act as mrnas in a cell-free translation system prepared from hela s3 cells. rnas that lack nucleotide sequences at positions 568 to 726 and 565 to 726 were found to be less efficient and inactive mrnas, respectively. to understand the biological s ...	1991	1651409
[coxsackie b virus in children with acute myocarditis].	to study etiopathogenic and follow-up aspects of patients with myocarditis.	1991	1653563
genetics of coxsackie b3 (cvb3) myocarditis.	the pathogenic t cell responsible for myocarditis following cvb3 infection differs between balb/c and dba/2 mice. since these two strains are identical at the major histocompatibility (mhc) loci (both h-2d), our aim was to investigate the genetic basis for this difference in t cell immunity, as well as the tissue origin responsible. as previously described, dba/2 mice are protected from developing myocarditis by cd4+ t cell depletion; balb/c cum mice could be protected by cd8+ depletion. txbm db ...	1991	1655440
cardiac myosin-induced myocarditis as a model of postinfectious autoimmunity.	immunization with purified cardiac myosin induces autoimmune myocarditis in a strain mice. because this disease parallels coxsackievirus b3 (cb3)-induced myocarditis in many respects, we are now using the immunization model as a virus-free system to study certain forms of immunologically-mediated heart disease. in the present article we will describe several characteristics of the humoral and cellular autoimmune response acting in myosin-induced myocarditis. furthermore, we discuss hypotheses wh ...	1991	1655442
naturally occurring anti-idiotypic antibodies--mechanisms for autoimmunity and immunoregulation?	coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) infections induce myocardial inflammation which is presumably mediated by autoimmune mechanisms in the experimental murine model. naturally occurring antibodies that also bind to myocytes have been identified that can either abrogate or enhance cardiac injury by modulating the immune response. monoclonal antibodies derived from cvb3-infected mice were immobilized to plastic and overlaid with spleen cells obtained from mice infected with 5 x 10(4) plaque forming units of ...	1991	1655445
effect of dexamethasone on coxsackievirus b2-infected rat beating heart cells in culture.	the effects of dexamethasone on cultured rat beating heart cells experimentally infected with coxsackievirus b2 were investigated at an early stage (1-3 days) post challenge. changes in the release of the cardiac enzyme, aspartate amino-transferase (ast), beating %, cytopathic effect (cpe), virus titre, ultrastructure and alterations of the electrical activity were evaluated. the protective effects of dexamethasone on infected cells were abolished except the release of ast at 5 days post infecti ...	1991	1655450
an attenuated variant of coxsackievirus b3 preferentially induces immunoregulatory t cells in vivo.	balb/c mice infected with the woodruff variant of coxsackievirus group b type 3 (cvb3w) develop myocarditis mediated by autoimmune cytolytic t lymphocytes. a variant of cvb3w (designated h3-10a1) which infects the myocardium but induces minimal mortality of myocarditis compared to the parental virus was selected. although h3-10a1 infections stimulate normal ctl responses to cvb3-infected myocytes, the autoimmune response to myocardial antigens is absent. treatment of h3-10a1-infected mice with 5 ...	1991	1656071
immune responsiveness in chronic fatigue syndrome.	we have endeavoured to find immunological indications of chronic virus infection in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (myalgic encephalomyelitis) and to investigate immune responsiveness to viruses in such patients in comparison with normal subjects and patients with muscular dystrophy. levels of circulating igm immune complexes were elevated (above the 95% normal control range) in 10 (17%) of 58 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, which was not significantly different from the normal c ...	1991	1656416
genetic control of coxsackievirus b3-induced heart-specific autoantibodies associated with chronic myocarditis.	cardiac-specific autoantibodies to sarcolemmal and cardiac myosin antigens observed during the chronic phase of coxsackievirus b3-induced myocarditis appear to be under autosomal recessive control. this observation is based on examination of f1 hybrids bred from a/j mice which develop chronic myocarditis and c57bl/6j mice which resolve the virus-induced lesions. previous mouse studies demonstrated that the prevalence of heart-specific autoantibodies varied with the h-2 complex. however, in 25 h- ...	1991	1657464
coxsackie virus b4 infection of the mouse pancreas: i. detection of virus-specific rna in the pancreas by in situ hybridisation.	the pathology of coxsackie virus b4 (cvb4) infection in a murine model was investigated by in situ hybridisation using a biotinylated cdna probe derived from cvb4. during the acute phase of infection virus rna sequences were detected in the exocrine pancreas of 60% of mice infected with a pancreotropic variant of cvb4. a positive hybridisation signal was observed in other organs in some animals including the heart and liver of 1 mouse 28 days after infection. the cellular distribution of virus r ...	1991	1658221
[clinical and experimental study of the effect of kang er xin-i on viral myocarditis].	kang er xin-i (kex-i) is a proved recipe used to treat viral myocarditis. it consists of lonicera japonica, ophiopogon japonicus, astragalus membranaceus mainly and possesses the effect of clearing away heat and toxic materials and supplementing the vital energy and nourishing. the clinical study was carried out with kex-i according to a random, paired and cross-over design. coenzyme q10 was used as a control and left ventricular function was observed. the result showed: after being treated with ...	1991	1659497
microinjected coxsackie b1 virus does not replicate in hep-2 cells.	coxsackie b1 virus did not replicate when microinjected into hep-2 cells. replication was assayed by production of infectious virus particles, synthesis of viral rna, and lysis of cells. the same virus preparation initiated replication when it was inoculated into hep-2 cells similarly to that by microinjected purified coxsackie b1 virus rna.	1991	1660207
coxsackievirus b4-induced development of antibodies to 64,000-mr islet autoantigen and hyperglycemia in mice.	diabetogenic coxsackievirus b4 infection produces a diabetes syndrome in susceptible mice resembling insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. we reported a two- to threefold increased expression of a 64,000-mr (64 k) islet autoantigen in the infected mice preceding the development of hyperglycemia, suggesting a possible role of the virus in autoimmunity. to assess if the virus could be a trigger of autoimmunity, 64 k autoantibody development was correlated with hyperglycemia and virus replication in ...	1991	1660313
heart-specific autoantibodies can be eluted from the hearts of coxsackievirus b3-infected mice.	this study was undertaken to determine if immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies could be eluted from the hearts of mice with coxsackievirus b3-induced autoimmune myocarditis and to characterize the immunoreactivity of any elutable autoantibodies. susceptible (a/j) and resistant (b10.a) mice were administered the virus or the control treatment and killed at various times after treatment. acid eluates from pooled heart tissue from each treatment group and each time were tested for igg reactivity with ...	1991	1660795