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should the domestic buffalo (bubalus bubalis) be considered in the epidemiology of bovine herpesvirus 1 infection?only limited information is available on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1) in domestic buffalos. in this study, a virulent bohv-1 field strain isolated from cattle was inoculated into buffaloes to evaluate their susceptibility to the virus and to investigate the establishment of viral latency through clinical, virological and serological investigations. latency was also studied by attempting viral reactivation using pharmacological induction. six of seven male, 5 ...201020206452
an indirect elisa for detection of theileria sergenti antibodies in water buffalo using a recombinant major piroplasm surface protein.in this study we investigated the prevalence and enzootic potential of theileria spp. in water buffalo in the hubei province in china. an indirect elisa based on a recombinant major piroplasma surface protein was developed. the complete orf of the 33-kda major piroplasma surface protein (p33) was obtained from theileria sergenti genomic dna by pcr, cloned into the pet-28(a) vector and expressed in e. coli as a his-fusion protein. then the recombinant p33 (rp33) was purified and used as the antig ...201020207484
multiple molecular forms of inhibin in buffalo (bubalus bubalis) ovarian follicular fluid.inhibin is a heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone involved in the regulation of fsh release from the anterior pituitary gland and it has been characterized from various animals. although, multiple molecular forms of inhibin have been reported from different species, however, the molecular nature of inhibin has not been studied in buffaloes. in the present study, attempts were made to identify inhibin in buffalo ovarian follicular fluid. buffalo ovaries were obtained from the local abattoir and fol ...201020211478
divergent development of testosterone secretion in male zebu (bos indicus) and crossbred cattle (bos indicus x bos taurus) and buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) during growth.delayed pubertal development and low fertility of bos indicus x bos taurus crossbred male cattle and domestic buffaloes is hardly understood hence, a sensitive enzymeimmunoassay (eia) was developed using the second antibody-coating technique and testosterone-3-o-carboxymethyloxime-horseradish peroxidase conjugate as a label for determination of testosterone in blood plasma. the eia was validated by standard criteria. blood samples were collected by venipuncture from growing male cattle (karan fr ...201020213223
y-chromosomal variation confirms independent domestications of swamp and river buffalo.y-chromosomal variation in the water buffalo was analysed by sequencing of dby, zfy and sry gene segments. a clear separation of the paternal lineages of the river and swamp types parallels the differences between their maternal lineages and nuclear dna. sequence divergence was found to be comparable to the divergence of taurine cattle and zebu, and this divergence predated domestication, confirming that river and swamp buffalo originated from different wild populations. within a sample of 23 th ...201020219068
cysteine proteases of trypanosoma (megatrypanum) theileri: cathepsin l-like gene sequences as targets for phylogenetic analysis, genotyping diagnosis.although trypanosomatheileri and allied trypanosomes are the most widespread trypanosomes in bovids little is known about proteolytic enzymes in these species. we have characterized genes encoding for cathepsin l-like (catl) cysteine proteases from isolates of cattle, water buffalo and deer that largely diverged from homologues of other trypanosome species. analysis of 78 catl catalytic domain sequences from 22 t. theileri trypanosomes disclosed 6 genotypes tightly clustered together into the t. ...201020230907
loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for detection of theileria sergenti infection targeting the p33 gene.theileria is a widespread, intraerythrocytic tick-borne protozoan parasite. loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) is a novel nucleic acid amplification method offering rapid, accurate and cost-effective diagnosis of infectious diseases. in this study, the lamp method was developed for detecting theileria sergenti. four primers were designed from six distinct regions of the target gene, a 33-kda major piroplasm surface protein (p33) gene in t. sergenti. the specificity assay showed it was ...201020334978
purification, characterization, structural analysis and protein chemistry of a buffalo heart galectin-1.a soluble β-galactoside-binding lectin was purified by gel filtration chromatography from bubalus bubalis heart. its metal-independent nature, molecular weight of 14.5 kda, preferential affinity for β-d-lactose, and 87-92% identity with carbohydrate recognition domain of previously reported galectin-1 confirmed its inclusion in galectin-1 subfamily. stokes radii determination using gel filtration under reducing and non-reducing conditions revealed its homo-dimeric nature, further confirming its ...201020354738
purification, characterization and expression kinetics of heat shock protein 70 from bubalus bubalis.the present work on bubalus bubalis (buffalo) was designed to study heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) induction in lymphocytes, its purification and characterization. hsp70 induction and expression kinetics at different temperatures and time durations were also studied. hsp70 purification was carried out by immunoaffinity chromatography using adenosine di-phosphate (adp-agarose column) and the characterization of the purified protein was done using western blotting by mouse monoclonal anti-hsp70. th ...201019836035
ion, protein, phospholipid and energy substrate content of oviduct fluid during the oestrous cycle of buffalo (bubalus bubalis).the aim of this research was to analyse the composition of oviduct fluid (odf) in buffalo cows at different oestrous cycle phases to fulfil the requirements of buffalo embryos in vitro. odf was collected by chronic cannulation from three cows that were synchronized by administering a synthetic prostaglandin. based on hormonal profiles, the pre-ovulatory, ovulatory, post-ovulatory and luteal phases of the oestrous cycle were defined. the volume of odf produced (ml/24 h) was influenced by the oest ...201019761531
characterization of spliced leader genes of trypanosoma ( megatrypanum) theileri: phylogeographical analysis of brazilian isolates from cattle supports spatial clustering of genotypes and parity with ribosomal markers.trypanosoma (megatrypanum) theileri from cattle and trypanosomes of other artiodactyls form a clade of closely related species in analyses using ribosomal sequences. analysis of polymorphic sequences of a larger number of trypanosomes from broader geographical origins is required to evaluate the clustering of isolates as suggested by previous studies. here, we determined the sequences of the spliced leader (sl) genes of 21 isolates from cattle and 2 from water buffalo from distant regions of bra ...201019765336
occurrence of aflatoxin m1 in raw milk of five dairy species in ahvaz, iran.during november 2007 to december 2008, 311 samples of raw milk from cow, water buffalo, camel, sheep, and goat were collected in the ahvaz (southwest iran). all of the samples were analyzed for presence of aflatoxin m1 (afm1) by competitive elisa technique. afm1 was found in 42.1% of the samples by average concentration of 43.3+/-43.8 ng/kg. the incidence rates of afm1 in raw cow, water buffalo, camel, sheep, and goat milks were, 78.7%, 38.7%, 12.5%, 37.3%, and 27.1%, respectively. the concentra ...201019786054
an inter-subspecies cloned buffalo (bubalus bubalis) obtained by transferring of cryopreserved embryos via somatic cell nuclear transfer.the aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of cryopreservation of inter-subspecies cloned embryos in buffalo. in our experiment, river buffalo ear fibroblast nucleus was fused into swamp buffalo oocyte cytoplasm. the blastocyst formation rate for nuclear transfer of freshly thawed cells was not different from those of growing cells, confluent or serum-starved cells. a total of 122 cloned blastocysts derived from cryopreserved fibroblasts were cryopreserved and thawed, 37 were survived, ...201019788521
genetic variation and relationships among turkish water buffalo populations.the genetic variation and relationships among six turkish water buffalo populations, typical of different regions, were assessed using a set of 26 heterologous (bovine) microsatellite markers. between seven and 17 different alleles were identified per microsatellite in a total of 254 alleles. the average number of alleles across all loci in all the analysed populations was found to be 12.57. the expected mean heterozygosity (h(e)) per population ranged between 0.5 and 0.58. significant departure ...201019799598
testicular development and establishment of spermatogenesis in nili-ravi buffalo bulls.fifteen longitudinally reared nili-ravi buffalo bulls (bubalus bubalis) were slaughtered at 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 mo of age (n=3 per group) to observe testicular development and to examine qualitatively the establishment of spermatogenesis. with the age held constant, scrotal circumference and testes weight were correlated (0.95; p<0.05). testes weight increased from 3.5+/-0.7 at 1 mo of age to 185+/-30g at 24 mo of age. seminiferous tubules diameter developed in a linear fashion (57microm at 1 m ...201019815266
effect of donor cell types on developmental potential of cattle (bos taurus) and swamp buffalo (bubalus bubalis) cloned embryos.this study investigated the effect of donor cell types on the developmental potential and quality of cloned swamp buffalo embryos in comparison with cloned cattle embryos. fetal fibroblasts (ffs), ear fibroblasts (efs), granulosa cells (gcs) and cumulus cells (ccs) were used as the donor cells in both buffalo and cattle. the cloned cattle or buffalo embryos were produced by fusion of the individual donor cells with enucleated cattle or buffalo oocytes, respectively. the reconstructed (cloned) em ...201019815984
detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in tissue samples of cattle and buffaloes.tissue samples were collected at random from cattle (bos taurus) and buffalo (bubalus bubalis) from an abattoir of the district of lahore and were analyzed for the presence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis through acid-fast staining and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). body condition of animals and diarrhea were recorded. most of the animals were emaciated. diarrhea was noticed in 15.6% of buffaloes and 19.2% of cattle. intestinal pathology was observed in 2 ...201019816784
the molecular phylogeny of uterine serpins and its relationship to evolution of placentation.uterine serpins (uss), designated as serpina14, are expressed in the endometrium in response to progesterone. all species identified as having uss exhibit epitheliochorial placentation and are in the ruminantia and suidae orders of the laurasiatheria superorder. the objective was to identify us genes in species within and outside laurasiatheria and evaluate whether evolution of the us gene was associated with development of the epitheliochorial placenta. through queries of nucleotide and genomic ...201019825977
improvement in buffalo (bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa functional parameters and fertility in vitro: effect of insulin-like growth factor-i.the aim of the current study was to assess the effect of insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i; 100 ng/ml) on buffalo (bubalus bubalis) sperm functional parameters related to in vitro fertilization. the acrosin activity (the mean diameter of halo formation in micrometers) was significantly higher in the igf-i group (14.17 +/- 1.51) compared with that in the control group (9.50+/-0.36) at 2h incubation. the mitochondrial membrane potential (per cent) was significantly higher in the igf-i group comp ...201019828187
bacterial diversity in the rumen of gayals (bos frontalis), swamp buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) and holstein cow as revealed by cloned 16s rrna gene sequences.libraries of rumen bacterial 16s rrna gene sequences of gayals (bos frontalis) and swamp buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) were cloned and sequenced in the present work to compare the bacterial diversity with the third published library of holstein cow. sequence similarity of 97% was used as the definition of operational taxonomic unit (otu). the majority of the 470 sequences retrieved fell into the phyla of low g + c subdivision (329 sequences) and cytophaga-flexibacter-bacteroides (cfb, 123 sequence ...201019662514
effect of sodium nitroprusside, a nitric oxide donor, and aminoguanidine, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on in vitro development of buffalo (bubalus bubalis) embryos. 201019416489
temporal changes in endogenous estrogens and expression of behaviors associated with estrus during the periovulaory period in murrah buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).the objective of this study were (1) to establish the duration of behavioral estrus signs and timing of ovulation in murrah buffaloes (n = 10) and (2) to determine relationship between behavioral estrus signs with change in plasma estrogen concentrations. estrus and its behavioral signs were detected at hourly intervals by visual observations, per recta examination of genitalia and bull parading four times in a day for 30 minutes each. among the behavioral signs of estrus, swollen vulva (80%) wa ...201019544005
effects of fsh and lh on steroid production by buffalo (bubalus bubalis) granulosa cells cultured in vitro under serum-free conditions.the objective of this study was to examine the effects of fsh and lh on oestradiol-17β and progesterone production by buffalo granulosa cells cultured under serum-free conditions. granulosa cells (3 × 10(5) ) from small (≤ 5 mm diameter) follicles were cultured for up to 4 days in 48-well plates coated with 3.3 μg/cm(2) fibronectin in dulbecco's modified eagle's medium (dmem) : nutrient mixture f-12 ham (1 : 1 ratio) supplemented with 10(-7) m androstenedione, 5 μg/ml human apo-transferrin and 0 ...201019497023
assessment of dna damage during in vitro development of buffalo (bubalus bubalis) embryos: effect of cysteamine.comet assay was used in the present study to examine dna damage to buffalo oocytes and embryos during in vitro culture. embryos were produced in vitro from oocytes obtained from slaughterhouse ovaries in presence of cysteamine (ivm and ivc media supplemented with 50 and 100 μm, respectively) or in its absence (controls). compared to controls, cysteamine supplementation increased (p < 0.01) cleavage rate and proportion of oocytes that developed to 8- to 16-cell stage. the incidence of dna damage ...201019515031
allelic diversity at mhc class ii dq loci in buffalo (bubalus bubalis): evidence for duplication.the genetic diversity of mhc class ii dq genes was investigated in riverine buffalo (bubalus bubalis) by pcr-rflp and sequencing. highly variable regions (exons 2-3) of dq genes were amplified from 152 buffaloes and genotyped by pcr-rflp. alleles identified by differential restriction patterns were sequenced for the characterization. pcr-rflp was a rapid method to discriminate between dqa1 and duplicated dqa2 genes in buffalo, however, the method appeared to be inadequate for determining the mor ...201020724005
enhancing reproductive performance in domestic dairy water buffalo (bubalus bubalis).the purpose of the review is to describe the factors that affect fertility in domestic water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) and the techniques that enable an improvement in reproductive performance. on italian and latin american farms where natural mating is practiced and bulls are always present in the herd, the inter-calving interval is approximately 400 days and the culling rate is lower than 15%. the buffalo has a tendency for seasonal reproductive activity. reproduction is favoured when there is ...201021755690
sarcocystis dubeyi (huong and uggla, 1999) infection in water buffaloes ( bubalus bubalis ) from egypt.abstract water buffaloes ( bubalus bubalis ) are intermediate hosts for 4 species of sarcocystis , i.e., sarcocystis fusiformis and sarcocystis buffalonis with cats as definitive hosts; sarcocystis levinei with dogs as definitive hosts; and sarcocystis dubeyi with an unknown definitive host but thought to be zoonotic. currently, the latter species has been identified with certainty only from vietnam. in the present study, sarcocysts of s. dubeyi are reported in 11 (30%) of 35 egyptian water buff ...201021506768
genetic parameters for milk, fat and protein yields in murrah buffaloes (bubalus bubalis artiodactyla, bovidae).the objective of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters for test-day milk, fat and protein yields and 305-day-yields in murrah buffaloes. 4,757 complete lactations of murrah buffaloes were analyzed. co-variance components were estimated by the restricted maximum likelihood method. the models included additive direct genetic and permanent environmental effects as random effects, and the fixed effects of contemporary group, milking number and age of the cow at calving as linear and q ...201021637608
identification and validation of reference genes for gene expression studies in water buffalo.in gene expression analysis, a key step to obtain informative data from reverse transcription quantitative pcr (rt qpcr) assay is normalization, that is usually achieved by ratio to correct the abundance of the gene of interest against that of an endogenous reference gene. the finding of such reference genes, ideally expressed in a stable way in multiple tissue samples and in different experimental conditions, is a non-trivial problem. in this work, a set of genes potentially useful as reference ...201022444257
effect of bromocryptine on hormones and milk secretion in murrah buffaloes ( bubalus bubalis).an experiment was carried out on 10 advance pregnant murrah buffaloes to determine the role of hormones in milk secretion around parturition. experimental animals were administered with a single injection of bromocryptine, @ 100 μg/kg bw, for 5 days before expected calving, whereas control group buffaloes were injected with placebo injections. blood samples collected before parturition (-5,-4,-3,-2,-1 days), on day of parturition (day-0) and on day 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 and 15 post partum were analy ...201022444132
molecular identification of methanogenic archaea from surti buffaloes (bubalus bubalis), reveals more hydrogenotrophic methanogens phylotypes.methane emissions from ruminant livestock are considered to be one of the more potent forms of greenhouses gases contributing to global warming. many strategies to reduce emissions are targeting the methanogens that inhabit the rumen, but such an approach can only be successful if it targets all the major groups of ruminant methanogens. therefore, a thorough knowledge of the diversity of these microbes in breeds of buffaloes, as well as in response to geographical location and different diets, i ...201124031614
microisolation and microcloning of bovine x-chromosomes for identification of sorted buffalo (bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa.flow-cytometry sorting technology has been successfully used to separate the x- and y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa for production of sex-preselected buffalo. however, an independent technique should be employed to validate the sorting accuracy. in the present study, x-chromosomes of bovine were micro-dissected from the metaphase spreads by using glass needles. then x-chromosomes were then amplified by pcr and labelled with cy3-dutp for use as a probe in hybridization of the unsorted and sorted ...201121640528
attenuation of luteolytic response following fish meal supplementation in dairy buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).luteolysis of corpus luteum, due to un-inhibited pgf(2α) secretion, has been reported to be a cause of early embryonic mortality in dairy animals. the objective of this study was to determine the effects of fish meal (fm) supplementation on the uterine secretion of pgf(2α) and hence establish its supplementation as an antiluteolytic strategy in dairy buffaloes. five cycling murrah buffaloes were supplemented with 250g fm daily for 55 days in addition to their routine feed and seven buffaloes wer ...201121641133
follicular characteristics and intrafollicular concentrations of nitric oxide and ascorbic acid during ovarian acyclicity in water buffalo (bubalus bubalis).the objective of this study was to examine the follicular characteristics and intrafollicular concentrations of nitric oxide and ascorbic acid during ovarian acyclicity in buffaloes. ovaries were collected from 56 acyclic and 95 cyclic buffaloes at slaughter, surface follicle number was counted and follicles were classified into small (5.0-6.9 mm), medium (7.0-9.9 mm), and large (≥10.0 mm) size categories based on their diameter. follicular fluid was aspirated and assayed for nitric oxide, ascor ...201121643661
characterization of enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec), shiga-toxin producing e. coli (stec) and necrotoxigenic e. coli (ntec) isolated from diarrhoeic mediterranean water buffalo calves (bubalus bubalis).two hundred and twenty escherichia coli isolates from 314 mediterranean water buffalo calves less than 4weeks old affected by severe diarrhoea with a lethal outcome were characterized for the presence of the virulence factors lt, st, stx1, stx2, haemolysins, intimin, cnf1, cnf2, cdt-i, cdt-ii, cdt-iii, cdt-iv, and f17-related fimbriae (f17a, f17b, f17c, f17d). the prevalence of etec, stec and ntec were 1.8%, 6.8% and 20.9%, respectively. the etec isolates were all lt-positive and st-negative. th ...201121658736
molecular prevalence of different genotypes of theileria orientalis detected from cattle and water buffaloes in thailand.abstract here, we report on an epidemiological study regarding the molecular prevalence of different genotypes of theileria orientalis present among domestic cattle and water buffalo populations bred in thailand. a phylogenetic analysis based on the parasitic gene encoding a major piroplasm surface protein (mpsp) revealed the presence of 5 genotypes (types 1, 3, 5, 7, and n-3) in cattle and 7 genotypes (types 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, n-2, and n-3) in water buffaloes. types 4, 7, and n-3 of t. orientalis w ...201121671722
presence of nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity and mrna in buffalo (bubalus bubalis) oocytes and embryos.this study examined the presence of immunoreactivity and mrna for different nitric oxide synthase (nos) isoforms in immature and in vitro matured oocytes and in embryos at two-, four- and eight-cell, and morula and blastocyst stages in buffalo. oocytes obtained from slaughterhouse buffalo ovaries were subjected to in vitro maturation in tcm-199 + 10% fbs + 5 µg/ml pfsh + 1 µg/ml estradiol-17ß + 0.81 mm sodium pyruvate + 10% buffalo follicular fluid + 50 µg/ml gentamycin sulphate for 24 h in a co ...201121793945
in vitro immune competence of buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) of different production potential: effect of heat stress and cortisol.twelve healthy lactating murrah buffaloes of similar parity (3rd) between 90 and 120 days of lactation, selected from the herd of national dairy research institute (karnal, india) and maintained at managemental practices as followed at the institute they were included in this experiment. the animals were divided into two groups based on their production level in previous lactation. the average milk production level of group 1 and ii was 9.3 and 6?lit/day, respectively. blood was collected from t ...201121776354
somatotropin-mediated gene expression profiling of differentially displayed ests during lactation in indian buffalo (bubalus bubalis).the study of bovine mammary gland functional genomics requires appropriate cdna library collections to access gene expression patterns from different developmental and physiological stages. the present study was undertaken with the objective to identify candidate genes involved in the process of increased milk synthesis following 0, 48 and 96 h of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbst) treatment to surti buffalo (bubalus bubalis) through differential display reverse transcriptase pcr (ddrt-pcr). ...201121774858
sequence characterization of s100a8 gene reveals structural differences of protein and transcriptional factor binding sites in water buffalo and yak.the present study was undertaken to characterize the structure of s100a8 gene and its promoter in water buffalo and yak. sequence data of 2.067 kb, 2.071 kb, and 2.052 kb with respect to complete s100a8 gene including 5' flanking region was generated in river buffalo, swamp buffalo, and yak, respectively. blast analysis of coding dna sequences (cds) of s100a8 gene revealed 95% homology of buffalo sequence with cattle, 85% with pig and horse, 83% with dog, 72-73% with murines, and around 79% with ...201121774620
effects of recipient oocyte age and interval from fusion to activation on development of buffalo (bubalus bubalis) nuclear transfer embryos derived from fetal fibroblasts.the objective was to investigate the effect of recipient oocyte age and the interval from activation to fusion on developmental competence of buffalo nuclear transfer (nt) embryos. buffalo oocytes matured in vitro for 22 h were enucleated by micromanipulation under the spindle view system, and a fetal fibroblast (pretreated with 0.1 µg/ml aphidicolin for 24 h, followed by culture for 48 h in 0.5% fetal bovine serum) was introduced into the enucleated oocyte, followed by electrofusion. both oocyt ...201121752448
maturation competence of swamp buffalo oocytes obtained by ovum pick-up and from slaughterhouse ovaries.this study was designed with the final goal of improving in vitro embryo production in the thai swamp buffalo (bubalus bubalis carabensis). oocytes were collected by ovum pick-up (opu) from six non-lactating multiparous swamp buffalo twice per week for 10 consecutive sessions followed by once-weekly collection for 10 consecutive sessions without hormone stimulation. in addition, oocytes were collected from slaughterhouse ovaries that were classified as follows: ovaries from non-pregnant cows wit ...201121749483
genetic diversity of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in chinese native buffalo.the origins of the domestic water buffalo remain contentious. to better understand the origins of chinese water buffalo, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b (mt-cyb) gene from 270 individuals representing 13 chinese domestic swamp buffalo populations. we found genetic evidence of introgression of river buffalo into chinese swamp buffalo herds. swamp buffalo haplotypes can be divided into two highly divergent lineages (a and b), suggesting that chinese native swamp buffalo have t ...201121749426
polymorphism and gene organization of water buffalo mhc-dqb genes show homology to the bola dqb region.in cattle (bos taurus), there is evidence of more than 50 alleles of bola-dqb (bovine lymphocyte antigen dqb) that are distributed across at least five dqb loci, making this region one of the most complex in the bola gene family. in this study, dqb alleles were analysed for the water buffalo (bubalus bubalis), another economically important bovine species. twelve alleles for bubu-dqb (bubalis bubalis dqb) were determined by nucleotide sequence analysis. a phylogenetic analysis revealed numerous ...201121749420
genetic differentiation of water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) populations in china, nepal and south-east asia: inferences on the region of domestication of the swamp buffalo.data from three published studies of genetic variation at 18 microsatellite loci in water buffalo populations in china (18 swamp type, two river type), nepal (one wild, one domestic river, one hybrid) and south-east asia (eight swamp, three river) were combined so as to gain a broader understanding of genetic relationships among the populations and their demographic history. mean numbers of alleles and expected heterozygosities were significantly different among populations. estimates of ? (a me ...201121749419
clinical, hematological, and biochemical findings of uterine torsion in buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).the aim of this study was to investigate uterine torsion in buffaloes, examine factors influencing the outcome of the disease, and to characterize the related alterations in blood constituents. a total of 126 buffaloes with uterine torsion were examined for stage of gestation, duration, degree, site and direction of torsion, as well as the location of the pregnant horn. methods of correction were documented along with dam and calf survival. blood samples were obtained from 20 buffaloes with uter ...201121676564
seroprevalence of neospora caninum in dairy buffaloes in lahore district, pakistan.abstract seroprevalence of neospora caninum in dairy buffaloes ( bubalus bubalis ) was assessed in the lahore district of punjab province, pakistan. the study revealed an overall prevalence of 54.7% for n. caninum antibodies determined through a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay performed on randomly collected serum samples. the highest prevalence was observed in buffaloes >3-5 yr of age (64.1%), followed by 57.9% for 5 to 6 yr olds, and 55.8% in 1-yr-old neonates, with high probabil ...201121506867
the "dark side" of β-lactoglobulin: unedited structural features suggest unexpected functions.the in-depth characterization of water buffalo (wb) whey proteins based on chromatographic and mass spectrometric techniques revealed unexpected structural co- and post-translational modifications for β-lactoglobulin (β-lg). the residues lys(47) and lys(69) of β-lg were found to be lactosylated early, at the time of milking. thiol groups of β-lg underwent a dynamic sulfhydryl/disulfide exchange that is probably essential in accomplishing specific physiological requirements in which proteins may ...201121507408
methanogen diversity in the rumen of indian surti buffalo (bubalus bubalis), assessed by 16s rdna analysis.the methanogenic communities in buffalo rumen were characterized using a culture-independent approach of a pooled sample of rumen fluid from three adult surti buffaloes. buffalo rumen is likely to include species of various methanogens, so 16s rdna sequences were amplified and cloned from the sample. a total of 171 clones were sequenced to examine 16s rdna sequence similarity. about 52.63% sequences (90 clones) had ⩾90% similarity, whereas, 46.78% of the sequences (81 clones) were 75-89% similar ...201121507441
characterization of sarcocystis fusiformis based on sequencing and pcr-rflp in water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) in iran.four sarcocystis species, i.e., sarcocystis fusiformis and sarcocystis buffalonis with cats as definitive hosts, sarcocystis levinei with dogs as definitive host, and sarcocystis dubeyi with unknown definitive host, have previously been described from water buffalo (bubalus bubalis). the aim of the present study was genetic characterization of the causative agent(s) of water buffalo sarcocystosis in khuzestan province, western iran. rflp-pcr and partial sequence analysis of 18s rdna gene were us ...201121526403
characterization of {beta}-lactoglobulin from buffalo (bubalus bubalis) colostrum and its possible interaction with erythrocyte lipocalin-interacting-membrane-receptor (limr).lipocalins form a widespread class of proteins involved in the transport of weakly soluble vitamins, hormones or hydrophobic molecules. β-lactoglobulin (blg-col), a major lipocalin present in whey was purified and characterized from buffalo colostrum. the molecular weight of blg-col as determined by lc-esi ms was 18.257 kda and the peptide mass fingerprint of the purified protein revealed 67% sequence homology to buffalo milk β-lactoglobulin. the n-terminal-iivtq and lc-esi-cid/etd ms/ms analyse ...201121546361
production of cloned and transgenic embryos using buffalo (bubalus bubalis) embryonic stem cell-like cells isolated from in vitro fertilized and cloned blastocysts.abstract here, we report the isolation and characterization of embryonic stem (es) cell-like cells from cloned blastocysts, generated using fibroblasts derived from an adult buffalo (baf). these nuclear transfer embryonic stem cell-like cells (nt-es) grew in well-defined and dome-shaped colonies. the expression pattern of pluripotency marker genes was similar in both nt-es and in vitro fertilization (ivf) embryo-derived embryonic stem cell-like cells (f-es). upon spontaneous differentiation via ...201121548826
substitutes for endangered medicinal animal horns and shells exposed by antithrombotic and anticoagulation effects.cornu saigae tataricae (antelope horn), manis squama (pangolin scale), cornu cervi pantotrichum (velvet antler) and cornu bovis grunniens (yak horn) are valuable medicinal animal horns and shells (mahs). as the major source of biological agents and ethnodrugs, mahs show pretty good bioactivities. however, with the increased demand for mahs, some of the medicinal resources are endangered, and there has been a concomitant increase in the prevalence of adulterated or impostor mahs. it is of great s ...201121549826
effect of cytoplasmic volume on developmental competence of buffalo (bubalus bubalis) embryos produced through hand-made cloning.abstract this study examined the effects of cytoplasmic volume on the developmental competence of hand-made cloned buffalo embryos. two different cell types, that is, buffalo fetal fibroblast (bff) and buffalo embryonic stem (es) cell-like cells were taken as donor cell and fused with one, two, or three demicytoplasts to generate embryos with decreased, normal (control), and increased cytoplasmic volume. using bff as a nuclear donor, the cleavage rate was similar in all the groups (p > 0.05), bu ...201121563942
isolation of glucosidase and phospholipase positive bacillus circulans on aloa medium.aim:  to report the growth of glucosidase and phospholipase positive bacteria on agar listeria according to ottaviani and agosti (aloa) different from listeria monocytogenes, listeria ivanovii and bacillus cereus. methods and results:  raw water-buffalo milk was analysed according to en iso 11290. streaking of fraser broth on aloa resulted in green colonies with an opaque halo after 48 h at 30°c. colonies were transferred onto tryptone soya yeast extract agar and showed cultural characteristics ...201121575023
effect of low density lipoproteins in extender on freezability and fertility of buffalo (bubalus bubalis) bull semen.this study was designed to determine whether low-density lipoporoteins (ldls) extracted from egg yolk in extender improve the freezability and fertility of buffalo bull semen. semen from three nili-ravi buffalo bulls was diluted at 37 °c with tris-citric acid extender (50 × 10(6) motile spermatozoa ml(-1)) containing ldls 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 15% extracted from egg yolk and extender containing 20% egg yolk was kept as control. diluted semen was cooled to 4 °c in 2 h, equilibrated at 4 °c for 4 h, ...201121601914
molecular characterization and prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered water buffaloes in turkey.the present study was carried out between march 2006 and june 2010. during the study nine abattoirs were visited and 166 water buffalo internal organs were examined in black sea region of turkey. it was found that 10.24% buffaloes were infected with cystic echinococcosis (ce). the rate of ce found as 3.77% in males and 21.66% in females, 37.93% in older and 4.38% in young animals. the degree of prevalence according to age and sex was statistically significant (p<0.05). ce was observed 29.41% onl ...201121601988
a rapid improved method for sexing embryo of water buffalo.the objective of the experiment of this paper is to develop and improve in the sexing method for preimplantation embryos of water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) reaction. embryo sexing has been recognized to control effectively the sex of offspring in the embryo transfer industry. a rapid and simple detection system was established by adding ethidium bromide (eb) or 5 ++l of cuso4 (3m) to the product of lamp reaction. the result of these additions a ...201121396688
evaluation of mammalian and intermediate host surveillance methods for detecting schistosomiasis reemergence in southwest china.schistosomiasis has reemerged in china, threatening schistosomiasis elimination efforts. surveillance methods that can identify locations where schistosomiasis has reemerged are needed to prevent the further spread of infections.201121408127
improvement in the diagnosis of brucella abortus infections in naturally infected water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) using an elisa with a protein-g-based indicator system.brucellosis caused by brucella abortus in domestic water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) raised under the traditional system of husbandry in northern india was diagnosed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) with a protein-g-based indicator system (protein-g elisa). a total of 1,551 animals that are positive (n = 61), negative (n = 243), and suspected (n = 1,247) for brucellosis were examined. rose bengal test (rbt) was used to predict the disease, and accordingly, animals were dichoto ...201121442153
effect of straw size and thawing time on quality of cryopreserved buffalo (bubalus bubalis) semen.this study was designed to compare the effect of straw size (0.25 vs. 0.5 ml) and thawing time (30 vs. 60 sec) on the quality of cryopreserved buffalo bull semen. sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity and viability were higher (p = 0.05) in 0.25 ml than 0.5 ml straw, thawed at 37°c either for 30 or 60 sec. in conclusion, cryopreservation of buffalo semen in 0.25 ml straw resulted in a higher post-thaw quality.201121455280
fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping of six loci containing genes involved in the dioxin metabolism of domestic bovids.six loci containing genes involved in the dioxin metabolism (arnt, ahr, cyp1a1, cyp1a2, cyp1b1 and ahrr) were assigned, for the first time, to cattle (bos taurus, 2n = 60, bta), river buffalo (bubalus bubalis, 2n = 50, bbu), sheep (ovis aries, 2n = 54, oar) and goat (capra hircus, 2n = 60, chi) chromosomes by comparative fish-mapping and r-banding using bovine bac-clones. the following chromosome locations were found: arnt to bta3q21, bbu6q21, oar1p21 and chi3q21, ahr to bta4q15, bbu8q15, oar4q1 ...201121465154
brucellosis in domestic water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) of trinidad and tobago with comparative epidemiology to cattle.the water buffalo is an important domestic animal worldwide, and the local buffalypso variety was developed in trinidad to have improved beef qualities. brucellosis was diagnosed in trinidad and tobago during 1998 in both cattle and domestic water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) populations. brucellosis in the latter species is caused by infection with brucella abortus, similar to bovine brucellosis. control of brucellosis is of paramount importance to preservation of the genetic diversity of these an ...201121479842
effects of various plant protein sources in high-quality feed block on feed intake, rumen fermentation, and microbial population in swamp buffalo.this study was designed to determine effect of various plant protein sources in high-quality feed block (hqfb) on feed intake, rumen fermentation, and microbial population in swamp buffalo. four rumen-fistulated swamp buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) were randomly assigned according to a 4 × 4 latin square design. four kinds of plant protein sources (coarse rice bran (crb), cassava hay (ch), phaseolus calcaratus hay, and mulberry hay (mh)) were mixed in the hqfb. hqfbs were allowed to be licked at fr ...201121479843
pregnancy rates following ai with sexed semen in mediterranean italian buffalo heifers (bubalus bubalis).the use of sexed semen in farm animal production and genetic improvement has been shown to be feasible with variable degree of efficiency in a number of species, and proved to be economically viable in cattle. in the last two decades, various newly developed reproductive technologies applicable in buffaloes have mushroomed. recently, following the birth of the first buffalo calves using ai with sexed semen, commercial interest to exploit sexing of semen in this species too is aroused. in order t ...201121497388
genotyping of the k-casein and β-lactoglobulin genes in chinese holstein, jersey and water buffalo by pcr-rflp. 201121677408
peptides from water buffalo cheese whey induced senescence cell death via ceramide secretion in human colon adenocarcinoma cell line.milk proteins are a source of bioactive peptides. recent studies have indicated that protein-derived peptides released in buffalo cheese acid whey exert a cytomodulatory effect in human epithelial colon cancer (caco2) cells. the aim of the present study was to explain the molecular mechanism involved in the response of caco2 cells to oxidative stress in the presence of peptide fractions of buffalo cheese whey, purified and characterized by mass spectrometry.201120725925
evaluation of indirect tasp enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of tropical theileriosis in cattle (bos indicus) and water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) in egypt.the aim of the present study was to evaluate the validity of theileria annulata surface protein (tasp)-elisa, in comparison with traditional microscopic test, for the diagnosis of t. annulata infection among egyptian baladi cattle (bos taurus) and water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis). molecular confirmation of infection using t. annulata merozoite surface (tams-1) target amplification by pcr was used as a gold standard. a total of 76 clinically suspected animals including 64 baladi cattle and 12 wa ...201122136769
rsai repetitive dna in buffalo bubalus bubalis representing retrotransposons, conserved in bovids, are part of the functional genes.abstract:201121718551
effect of cryopreservation on apoptotic-like events and its relationship with cryocapacitation of buffalo (bubalus bubalis) sperm.this study investigated the apoptosis-like events associated with cryopreservation process and their relationship with cryocapacitation in buffalo (bubalus bubalis) sperm. a total of 49 semen ejaculates from seven bulls were studied for structural changes in sperm following cryopreservation. apoptotic changes were detected by assays specific for translocation of phosphatidylserine (ps) to the cell surface, alterations in membrane permeability and mitochondrial membrane potential (mmp), and dna i ...201121676035
comparative evaluation of halothane anaesthesia in medetomidine-butorphanol and midazolam-butorphanol premedicated water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).six clinically healthy male water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) 2-3 years of age and weighing 290-325 kg were used for 2 different treatments (h1 and h2). the animals of group h1 were premedicated with medetomidine (2.5 g/kg,i.v.) and butorphanol (0.05 mg/kg, i.v.), while in group h2 midazolam (0.25 mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.05 mg/kg) were used intravenously. induction of anaesthesia was achieved by 5% thiopental sodium in h1 (3.85 +/- 0.63 mg/kg) and h2 (6.96 +/- 0.45 mg/kg) groups. the anaesthes ...201121826832
development and evaluation of real-time pcr assay for the detection of babesia orientalis in water buffalo (bubalus bubalis, linnaeus, 1758).abstract babesia orientalis is the causative agent of babesiosis in water buffalo (bubalus babalis, linnaeus, 1758). in this study, a taqman real-time pcr assay was developed for quantitative detection of b. orientalis in water buffalo. hybridization probe and oligonucleotide primers were designed based on the v4 region of 18s rrna gene. detection limit was determined at 2 parasites. blood samples were collected from experimentally infected water buffalo, as well as from 180 field samples, which ...201121711103
behaviour of listeria monocytogenes in packaged water buffalo mozzarella cheese.aims:ôçé the aim of the study was to evaluate the behaviour of listeria monocytogenes in the conditioning liquid of packaged water buffalo mozzarella cheese (wbmc). methods and results:ôçé the conditioning liquid was contaminated with l.-ámonocytogenes, and the contaminated samples were stored at four different storage temperatures: 5 and 10-¦c for 22ôçâdays; 20-¦c for 9ôçâdays; 20-¦c for 3ôçâdays and then at 5-¦c for 6ôçâdays. the results showed that l.-ámonocytogenes concentration decreased wh ...201121740447
changes in biochemical composition of follicular fluid during reproductive acyclicity in water buffalo (bubalus bubalis).this study describes the changes in biochemical composition of follicular fluid during reproductive acyclicity in buffalo. a total of 73 pairs of ovaries collected from 26 reproductively acyclic and 47 reproductively cyclic buffaloes were used in the investigation. ovarian follicles were classified into small (5.0-6.9mm), medium (7.0-9.9mm) and large (ôëñ10.0mm) sized categories depending upon their diameter. follicular fluid was aspirated, processed and assayed for glucose, cholesterol, total p ...201121840653
constant transmission of mitochondrial dna in intergeneric cloned embryos reconstructed from swamp buffalo fibroblasts and bovine ooplasm.although interspecies/intergeneric somatic cell nuclear transfer (iscnt) has been proposed as a tool to produce offspring of endangered species, conflict between donor nucleus and recipient cytoplasm in iscnt embryos has been identified as an impediment to implementation for agricultural production. to investigate the nuclear-mitochondrial interactions on the developmental potential of iscnt embryos, we analyzed the mtdna copy numbers in iscnt embryos reconstructed with water buffalo (swamp type ...201121729201
hormone variations in serum and milk of buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) as potential indicators of treatment with recombinant bovine somatotropin.recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbst) is used to increase milk yield in cows, but it has been forbidden in some countries and in the eu. however, rbst misuse represents a concern in both bovine and buffalo dairy production. a number of studies on rbst treatment have been performed on bovines, but there are few data on buffaloes. in this study, we treated eight lactating buffaloes with biweekly injections of a slow-release formulation of rbst, for five cycles of administration, and analysed tota ...201121843393
Fermentation kinetics of sainfoin hay with and without PEG.The in vitro gas production technique was applied to evaluate the biological activity of tannins in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) hay cut at four progressive phenological stages. The buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) rumen fluid was used as inoculum, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was added as specific binding agent and an alfalfa hay (AH) was used as control. All samples were analysed for chemical composition and condensed tannin (CTs). According to the phenological stage of sainfoin, crude protein ...201122168179
influence of nitric oxide on in vitro growth, survival, steroidogenesis, and apoptosis of follicle stimulating hormone stimulated buffalo (bubalus bubalis) preantral follicles.effect of sodium nitroprusside (snp), a nitric oxide (no) donor, on in vitro survival, growth, steroidogenesis, and apoptosis of buffalo preantral follicles (pfs) was investigated. pfs (200~250 µm) were isolated by micro-dissection and cultured in 0 (control), 10(-3), 10(-5), 10(-7), and 10(-9) m snp. to examine the reversible effect of snp, pfs were cultured with 10(-5) m snp + 1 mm n(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-name) or 1.0 µg hemoglobin (hb). the results showed that greater concentrat ...201121897099
Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of fat metabolism genes in mammary tissue of lactating and non-lactating water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).Understanding the mechanism of milk fat synthesis and secretion is important for dairy industry, as the nature of the cream fraction influences the manufacturing properties and organoleptic qualities of milk and dairy products. So, there is a need to understand the mechanism of milk fat synthesis and to elucidate the key genes regulating milk fat synthesis by studying the expression of genes involved in milk fat synthesis. Present manuscript reports the expression of genes involved in milk fat s ...201121965031
a possible case of caprine-associated malignant catarrhal fever in a domestic water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) in switzerland.abstract:201122132808
assessment of intracellular ca(2+) , camp and 1,2-diacylglycerol in cryopreserved buffalo (bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa on supplementation of taurine and trehalose in the extender.in mammalian spermatozoa, intracellular calcium plays a major role in sperm functions like motility and capacitation. cryopreservation-induced modifications to sperm membrane result in an influx of intracellular calcium affecting calcium-dependent intracellular signalling pathways. intracellular calcium activates adenyl cyclase to produce camp that activates phospholipase a(2) (pla(2) ) and phospholipase c (plc) generating lysophosphatidyl choline, 1,2-diacylglycerol (dag) and ip(3) , acting as ...201121988572
In search of the genetic footprints of Sumerians: a survey of Y-chromosome and mtDNA variation in the Marsh Arabs of Iraq.For millennia, the southern part of the Mesopotamia has been a wetland region generated by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers before flowing into the Gulf. This area has been occupied by human communities since ancient times and the present-day inhabitants, the Marsh Arabs, are considered the population with the strongest link to ancient Sumerians. Popular tradition, however, considers the Marsh Arabs as a foreign group, of unknown origin, which arrived in the marshlands when the rearing of water b ...201121970613
Frequency of Toxoplasmosis in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Trinidad.Toxoplasmosis has been reported to occur in several animals and humans causing different clinical manifestations. The study was conducted to determine the frequency of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies (IgG) in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) across farms in Trinidad using a latex agglutination test. Of a total of 333 water buffalo tested, 26 (7.8%) were seropositive for T. gondii antibodies. Seropositivity for toxoplasmosis was statistically significantly (P < 0.05; ?(2)) higher in adult water buffa ...201122195295
Congenital hydranencephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia in water buffalo in southern Brazil.Seven cases of hydranencephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia in a water buffalo herd are described. The herd of 133 females was divided for mating into 4 groups and mated with different bulls. The disease was observed in the offspring of 5 cows from only 1 group over a period of 6 years. These cows had all mated with the same bull during that period. All affected calves were unable to suckle, showed intention tremors, involuntary movements of the ears, depression, and blindness. Some calves were rec ...201121908300
Short communication: Translational efficiency of casein transcripts in Mediterranean river buffalo.Buffalo milk is characterized by the presence of all 4 casein fractions (a(S1), ß, a(S2), and ?) encoded by the 4 tightly linked autosomal genes (CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2, and CSN3, respectively). In the present paper, we report for the first time a quantitative characterization of buffalo casein transcripts and show that the 4 genes are not transcribed and translated with the same efficiency. In particular, the analysis of individual milk samples obtained from 9 Mediterranean river buffaloes showed ...201122032393
Optimization of Culture Conditions to Support Long-Term Self-Renewal of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Embryonic Stem Cell-Like Cells.Abstract A culture system capable of sustaining self-renewal of buffalo embryonic stem (ES) cell-like cells in an undifferentiated state over a long period of time was developed. Inner cell masses were seeded on KO-DMEM + 15% KO-serum replacer on buffalo fetal fibroblast feeder layer. Supplementation of culture medium with 5?ng/mL FGF-2 and 1000?IU/mL mLIF gave the highest (p<0.05) rate of primary colony formation. The ES cell-like cells' colony survival rate and increase in colony size were h ...201122029416
identification of no induced and capacitation associated tyrosine phosphoproteins in buffalo (bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa.to acquire the fertilizing competence, spermatozoa must undergo a cascade of physiological and biochemical changes collectively defined as capacitation. compelling evidence signifies that the global increase in protein tyrosine phosphorylation is the driving factor for capacitation. in our laboratory, we previously demonstrated that nitric oxide (no) induces capacitation in buffalo sperm and is associated with an increase in protein tyrosine phosphorylation. the aim of the present study is to id ...201122035659
Clinical and haematological study on water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and crossbred cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata in Sharkia province, Egypt.This study was conducted to investigate the clinical and haematological findings in water buffaloes and crossbred cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata with special reference to the clinical picture of tropical theileriosis in Egyptian buffaloes. A total 50 field cases of buffaloes and cattle was clinically and laboratory investigated from March to June 2008. Forty-four buffaloes and cattle out of 50 were naturally infected with T. annulata and showed typical signs of infection. Six ...201121890072
DGAT1, GH, GHR, PRL and PRLR Polymorphism in Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).The polymorphism of several genes has been shown to affect the milk composition traits in dairy cattle, including DGAT1-exon8 K232A, GH-intron3 MspI, GH-exon5 AluI, GHR-exon8 F279Y, PRL-exon3 RsaI and PRLR-exon3 S18N. However, the polymorphism and effects of these genes on the milk traits of water buffalo are still unclear. In this study, four DNA pooling samples from Murrah, Nili-ravi, Murrah-Nili-Swamp crossbreed and Chinese swamp buffalo were constructed, respectively, and polymorphism of the ...201121883511
structure-activity relationship of buffalo antibacterial hepcidin analogs.hepcidin is an anti-microbial peptide expressed predominantly in the liver of many species. based on the amino acid sequence deduced from buffalo (bubalus bubalis) hepcidin cdna (accession no. eu399814), six peptides hepc(1-25), hepc(6-25), hepc(7-25), hepc(9-25), hepc(11-25) and hepc(15-25) were synthesized using solid-phase fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (fmoc) chemistry. cd spectroscopy revealed different spectra of the peptides in different solvents and in all the cases beta-structure was found to ...201122165290
occurrence of theileria and babesia species in water buffalo (bubalus babalis, linnaeus, 1758) in the hubei province, south china.the presence and prevalence of tick-borne haemoparasites in water buffalo from the hubei province, south china was investigated using the reverse line blot (rlb) hybridization assay and phylogenetic analysis of the parasite 18s rrna gene. theileria buffeli (19.1%) was the most frequently found species in all of the locations, followed by babesia orientalis (8.9%), babesia bovis (1.0%) and babesia bigemina (0.7%). only 12 (3.9%) of the samples had mixed infections. eleven samples with single infe ...201122154255
evaluation of blood antioxidant defense and apoptosis in peripheral lymphocytes on exogenous administration of pineal proteins and melatonin in rats.in view of the significant health impact of oxidative stress and apoptosis dysfunction, and further, because of suggestions that administration of antioxidants might reduce apoptosis rate through up-regulation of body antioxidant defense systems, therefore the purpose of this study was to compare the effect of buffalo (bubalus bubalis) pineal proteins (pp at 100 μg/kg bw, i.p.) with melatonin (mel at 10 mg/kg bw, i.p.) on blood (erythrocytes) antioxidant defense system and apoptosis in isolated ...201122205582
buffalo (bubalus bubalis) epiphyseal proteins give protection from arsenic and fluoride-induced adverse changes in acetylcholinesterase activity in rats.the objective of this study was to determine the effect of fluoride (f) and arsenic (as) on the activity of acetylcholinesterase (ache), a critically important nervous system enzyme, and to test the protective role of buffalo epiphyseal (pineal) proteins (bep) in rats. arsenic (20 mg/kg bw, intraperitoneally) and f (150 ppm, perorally) were exposed, and bep was administered intraperitoneally (100 μ g/kg bw) along with f and as to rats for 7 days. as and f exposure significantly (p < 0.05) increa ...201121898718
evaluation of fasting metabolism of growing water buffalo (bubalus, bubalis).the objectives of the present study were to evaluate fasting metabolism (fm) of water buffalo (bubalus, bubalis) at three stages of growth (12, 18 and 24 months) in guangxi, china. five female water buffalo were used for each age group and their live weight was on average 254, 326 and 338 kg, respectively. all animals were of average body condition, healthy and de-wormed before start of the study. prior to a 6-day fasting period, buffalo were offered a mixed diet of forage and concentrates (70% ...201122111628
Metagenomic analysis of Surti buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) rumen: a preliminary study.The complex microbiome of the rumen functions as an effective system for the conversion of plant cell wall biomass to microbial proteins, short chain fatty acids and gases. In this study, metagenomic approaches were used to study the microbial populations and metabolic potential of the microbial community. DNA was extracted from Surti Buffalo rumen samples (four treatments diet) and sequenced separately using a 454 GS FLX Titanium system. We used comparative metagenomics to examine metabolic pot ...201121947953
Multilocus phylogeographical analysis of Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) genotypes from sympatric cattle and water buffalo populations supports evolutionary host constraint and close phylogenetic relationships with genotypes found in other ruminants.Species of the subgenus Trypanosoma (Megatrypanum) have been reported in cattle and other domestic and wild ruminants worldwide. A previous study in Brazil found at least four genotypes infecting cattle (Bos taurus), but only one in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). However, the small number of isolates examined from buffalo, all inhabiting nearby areas, has precluded evaluation of their diversity, host associations and geographical structure. To address these questions, we evaluated the genetic ...201122051399
molecular cloning and characterization of th1 and th2 cytokines of african buffalo (syncerus caffer).the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) has been implicated as the reservoir of several bovine infectious agents. however, there is insufficient information on the protective immune responses in the african buffalo, particularly in infected animals. in this study, we analysed th1 cytokines il-2 and ifn-γ, and th2 cytokines il-4 and il-10. the cloned cdna of il-2, il-4, il-10 and ifn-γ contained an open reading frame of 468, 501, 408 and 540 nucleotides, encoding polypeptides of 155, 166, 135 and 1 ...201122117600
common occurrence of a unique cryptosporidium ryanae variant in zebu cattle and water buffaloes in the buffer zone of the chitwan national park, nepal.there are very few studies on the diversity and public health significance of cryptosporidium species in zebu cattle and water buffaloes in developing countries. in this study, pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism and dna sequence analyses of the small-subunit (ssu) rrna gene were used to genotype cryptosporidium specimens from 12 zebu cattle calves, 16 water buffalo calves, and four swamp deer (cervus duvaucelii) collected from the buffer zone of the chitwan national park, nepal. all cr ...201121996006
Morphological characteristics of Echinococcus granulosus derived from buffalo in Iran.SUMMARYCystic echinococcosis is a significant parasitic disease in Iran, where a variety of animals act as intermediate hosts. In this study, 25 isolates of Echinococcus granulosus obtained from water buffalo from various parts of Iran were characterized on the basis of the morphology of the metacestode and the adult worm. The characteristics of protoscoleces from the different studied areas were nearly similar. They showed 2 rows of alternating large and small hooks and their shapes were smooth ...201121996421
domestic livestock resources of turkey : water buffalo.water buffalo are an ancient component of turkey's domestic livestock resources. commonly referred to as the anatolian buffalo the animal is part of the mediterranean group which includes syrian, egyptian and southeast european animals. once quite numerous, there have been drastic reductions in their numbers since the 1970s due to intensification of dairy activities, agricultural mechanization and changing consumer preferences. the main areas of distribution are in northwest turkey in the marmar ...201121870064
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