Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| conserved tertiary structural elements in the 5' nontranslated region of cardiovirus, aphthovirus and hepatitis a virus rnas. | statistical analyses of rna folding in 5' nontranslated regions (5'ntr) of encephalomyocarditis virus, theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, and hepatitis a virus indicate that two highly significant folding regions occur in the 5' and 3' portions of the 5'ntr. the conserved tertiary structural elements are predicted in the unusual folding regions (ufr) for these viral rnas. the theoretical, common structural elements predicted in the 3' parts of the 5'ntr occur ... | 1993 | 8389442 |
| depression of the immune response to an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine administered concomitantly with immune globulin. | inactivated hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine is given in a three-dose schedule. when rapid protection is needed, injection of immune globulin (ig) concomitantly with the first dose could provide passive protection until adequate active antibody response has developed. a possible effect of ig on the immune response to the vaccine was studied in healthy volunteers; 28 received vaccine alone, and 34 received the first dose simultaneously with 5 ml of ig. a control group received hepatitis b vaccine, ... | 1993 | 8394864 |
| a new method of rna preparation for detection of hepatitis a virus in environmental samples by the polymerase chain reaction. | a new method based on rna preparation from shellfish by polyethylene glycol (peg) precipitation and trichloroacetic acid (tca) extraction was developed for the detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the extraction provides high yield and the extracted rna is undegraded. this method proved to be particularly useful for detection of rna viruses from environmental samples by pcr. | 1993 | 8395540 |
| safety and immunogenicity of live attenuated hepatitis a virus vaccine (h2 strain) in humans. | a study was made in neijiang city, sichuan province to observe the safety and immunogenicity of a live attenuated hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine (h2 strain). 3,031 children, aged 6 to 9 years, were injected subcutaneously with 10(6.0) tcid50, 10(5.5) tcid50, and 10(5.0) tcid50 of hav vaccine; the seroconversion rate and antibody gmt were 97.52%-90.68%, gmt = 1:5.19 +/- 1.90-1:3.36 +/- 1.94; 84.75%-76.27%, gmt = 1:4.29 +/- 1.96-1:2.0 +/- 2.67; 53.23%-51.61%, gmt = 1:2.57 +/- 1.89-1:1.68 +/- 1.41 ... | 1993 | 8222910 |
| inactivation of hepatitis a virus by heat treatment in aqueous solution. | hepatitis a virus infections have been reported recently among hemophilic patients in italy and germany, leading to speculation that infectious hepatitis a virus (hav) might have been present in some factor viii concentrates. in both cases, the implicated factor concentrates had been treated by a solvent/detergent method, which inactivates enveloped viruses but which would not be expected to inactivate hav, a nonenveloped picornavirus. to determine whether hav would be inactivated during pasteur ... | 1993 | 8228940 |
| changing seroepidemiology of hepatitis a virus infection in thailand. | hepatitis a is an infectious disease commonly found in many developing countries. the infection usually is asymptomatic in children and only a small percentage has clinical hepatitis of varying severity. hepatitis a infection becomes more symptomatic with increasing age. we studied hepatitis a antibody prevalence in many population groups of thailand and investigated the changing patterns of hepatitis a antibody in comparison with previous seroepidemiological surveys in the past decade. the anti ... | 1993 | 8266225 |
| hepatitis a virus infection. risk to sewage workers unproved. | 1993 | 8400988 | |
| hepatitis a virus infection. no conclusive link to factor viii. | 1993 | 8400989 | |
| hepatitis a virus infection. should susceptible homosexual men be offered immunization. | 1993 | 8400990 | |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a virus in health care workers. | 1993 | 8404927 | |
| the changing epidemiology of hepatitis a in italy. | in 1990, the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a virus infection (anti-hav) was assayed by the elisa method on a national sample of 1000 recruits aged 18-24 years. the overall prevalence was 29.4% (22.4% in the northern and central regions, 32.2% in the south and islands; p < 0.01). compared with a similar study conducted in 1981, the results show a marked reduction in anti-hav prevalence (from 66.3% to 29.4%; p < 0.01). these findings reflect the improved sanitation standards in italy and i ... | 1993 | 8280898 |
| safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine: effects of single and booster injections, and comparison to administration of immune globulin. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in adults is often symptomatic and disabling. the present article summarizes our experience with phase 2 studies of an inactivated hepatitis a virus vaccine. pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis with immune globulin (ig) is only effective for 4-6 months. we compared the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a single i.m. injection of ig with single and booster doses of an inactivated hepatitis a virus vaccine (ihav) in adults. a total of 75 healthy volunteer ... | 1993 | 8182270 |
| mutations in the 3a genomic region of two cytopathic strains of hepatitis a virus isolated in italy. | two strains of hepatitis a virus (hav) were isolated in cell culture and found to induce a cytopathic effect at early passages. the nucleotide sequences of the 5' non-translated region (5'ntr) and of genes 2b, 2c, 3a and 3b were determined for these strains and found to contain mutations similar to those detected in cell-culture adapted variants of hav strain hm175. in addition, gene 3a shows a deletion of three aspartic acid residues near the n-terminus of the polypeptide. in combination with v ... | 1993 | 8391192 |
| detection of hepatitis a virus in concentrated river water by polymerase chain reaction. | sensitive and specific techniques are needed to detect hepatitis a virus in environmental samples. pcr was used on concentrated river samples. in the analysis of 13 samples, two were positive by elisa (15.3%), three were positive on cell culture (23%), five were positive by hybridization (38.4%) and height with pcr (67%). | 1993 | 8391266 |
| hepatitis a vaccination. | the safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis a virus vaccine were assessed in 101 healthy adults. seronegative persons with normal serum aminotransferase levels were grouped according to age: group 1 (n = 24) and group 3 (n = 22) were between 18 and 40 years of age, and group 2 (n = 25) and group 4 (n = 30) were older than 40 years. groups 1 and 2 received vaccine on a 0-, 1-, and 2-month schedule (schedule a), and groups 3 and 4 received the vaccine on a 0-, 1-, and 12-month schedu ... | 1993 | 8393253 |
| synthesis of immunogenic hepatitis a virus particles by recombinant baculoviruses. | recombinant baculoviruses were constructed which contained the hepatitis a virus (hav) open reading frame (orf) under the control of the polyhedrin promoter. northern blot analysis with an hav-specific oligonucleotide probe demonstrated a single transcript large enough to include the hav orf in spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with these recombinants. immunoblots revealed a 220 kda protein representing the hav polyprotein. in addition, proteins which co-migrated with hav capsid proteins, and ... | 1993 | 8393604 |
| fulminant hepatic failure with massive necrosis as a result of hepatitis a infection. | fulminant hepatic failure as a result of hepatitis a is a rarely diagnosed complication entity in developed countries. with the advent of specific serologic markers for acute hepatitis a virus infection, the incidence and pathology of fulminant hepatitis a can be more clearly defined. we describe four patients (one adult, three children; two males and two females, ages 2 1/2-58 years) referred to our institution for orthotopic liver transplantation subsequent to fulminant hepatic failure followi ... | 1993 | 8409320 |
| cell type-specific proteins which interact with the 5' nontranslated region of hepatitis a virus rna. | the 5' nontranslated region (5'ntr) of hepatitis a virus (hav) rna contains structural elements which facilitate 5' cap-independent initiation of virus translation and are likely to interact with cellular proteins functioning as translation initiation factors. to define these interactions, we characterized the binding of ribosome-associated proteins from several cell types to synthetic rnas representing segments of the 5'ntr by using a uv cross-linking/label transfer assay. four major proteins ( ... | 1993 | 8411373 |
| secular trend and geographical variation in hepatitis a infection and hepatitis b carrier rate among adolescents in taiwan: an island-wide survey. | during the last two decades an economic boom has occurred in taiwan, a region where the prevalence of both hepatitis a and b virus infection was formerly very high. to examine the impact of socioeconomic developments on the secular trend and geographical variation in hepatitis a and b virus infection, 875 adolescents selected randomly from 20 junior high schools were studied. serum samples collected from the subjects were tested for hepatitis a antibody (anti-hav) and hepatitis b surface antigen ... | 1993 | 8423454 |
| hepatitis a virus anicteric encephalitis coexistent with hepatitis c virus infection. | a 34-yr-old male presented with acute encephalitis. the encephalitis was due to an anicteric hepatitis a virus infection superimposed upon coexistent hepatitis c virus infection. neurologic syndromes due to hepatitis a virus infection have all been associated with jaundice. neurologic complications of hepatitis c virus infections have not been described. identification of hepatitis a virus as an etiology of viral encephalitis can reduce the need for extensive costly evaluations, and unnecessary ... | 1993 | 8424434 |
| evaluation of inactivated hepatitis a vaccine in canadians 40 years of age or more. | to assess the side effects and immune responses after three serial doses of a new inactivated hepatitis a vaccine in people 40 years of age or more. | 1993 | 8431816 |
| vertical transmission of hepatitis a resulting in an outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. | vertical transmission of hepatitis a virus (hav) has not been reported. from 25 october to 15 november 1989, 10 cases of symptomatic hav infection occurred among neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) staff. testing of other nicu staff and patients identified 4 infected infants. hepatitis a among staff was associated with caring for 1 of these infants, infant a (relative risk [rr], undefined; p = .05). risk of illness was greater for staff who did not routinely wash their hands after treating infan ... | 1993 | 8440928 |
| viral hepatitis and drugs: a continuing problem. | a seroepidemiological survey of a group of drug abusers has been carried out to determine the prevalence of hepatitis c virus and hepatitis b virus, hepatitis d virus, hepatitis a virus infection markers in sera, as well as to evaluate the role of potential risk factors. a total of 645 symptomless subjects with a history of injecting heroin were recruited as volunteers from methadone maintenance centres in rome. for all hepatitis viruses the total figures showed high prevalence rates giving cons ... | 1993 | 8449633 |
| immunogenicity of inactivated hepatitis a vaccine in children. | inactivated hepatitis a vaccine is now becoming available in many countries. | 1993 | 8462802 |
| prevention of acute and chronic liver disease through immunization: hepatitis b and beyond. | liver disease caused by hepatotrophic viruses imposes a substantial burden on health care resources. persistent infections from hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus, and hepatitis delta virus result in chronic liver disease, while hepatitis a virus and hepatitis e virus produce a self-limited disease. effective hepatitis b vaccines that provide long-term protection against chronic hbv infection have been available for > 10 years, while inactivated hepatitis a vaccines have recently been sh ... | 1993 | 8515136 |
| hepatitis a antibody titres after infection and immunization: implications for passive and active immunization. | titres of antibodies against hepatitis a virus (hav) were determined in patients, in donors, and in volunteers after active, passive, and combined immunization. highest titres were found in recently infected persons: in 109 igm anti-hav positive persons, the geometric mean titre (gmt) was 15,400 miu/ml. the gmt in 265 anti-hav positive blood donors was 10,700 miu/ml. the anti-hav seroprevalence in 19,746 donors increases with age: at the age of 40 years, 50% have antibodies. titres after active, ... | 1993 | 8515245 |
| clinical evaluation of viral safety of coagulation factor viii and ix concentrates. | virucidal methods to inactivate infectious agents are based on various methods of heating or chemically treating plasma concentrates of coagulation factors viii and ix used in the treatment of hemophilia a and b. this clinical evaluation of the viral safety of such 'treated' concentrates is mainly based on the prospective study of previously untreated hemophiliacs by means of clinical and serological markers of viral infection. although there have been a few focal episodes of human immunodeficie ... | 1993 | 8517048 |
| [thrombocytopenic purpura and acute nephropathy associated with circulating immune complexes in hepatitis a virus infection]. | 1993 | 8321060 | |
| attenuation phenotype of a cell culture-adapted variant of hepatitis a virus (hm175/p16) in susceptible new world owl monkeys. | the virulence of a clonally isolated, cell culture-adapted hepatitis a virus (hm175/p16) was assessed in 4 seronegative owl monkeys inoculated intravenously with 2.8 x 10(4) radioimmunofocus-forming units of virus. the virus was highly attenuated, even though its complete nucleotide sequence contains only 19 mutations from the wild-type genome. only 3 monkeys developed antibodies to hepatitis a virus (only 2 within 96 days of virus inoculation). one monkey had viremia and significantly elevated ... | 1993 | 8102629 |
| foodborne hepatitis a--missouri, wisconsin, and alaska, 1990-1992. | person-to-person spread is the predominant mode of transmission of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. however, based on findings for national surveillance for viral hepatitis, since 1983, 3%-8% of reported hepatitis a cases have been associated with suspected or confirmed foodborne or waterborne outbreaks (1). this report summarizes three recent foodborne outbreaks of hepatitis a and addresses the prevention of this problem. | 1993 | 8321179 |
| proteins specifically binding to the 3' untranslated region of hepatitis a virus rna in persistently infected cells. | establishment of persistency is the common result of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in most hav/cell culture systems. previous studies provided evidence that shortly before or concomitantly with establishment of persistent infections synthesis of viral rna is down-regulated. this may be an effect of regulating factors. using rna/protein binding assays it was shown that, at the critical time during virus replication, proteins accumulate which interact specifically with a distinct nucleotide se ... | 1993 | 8380325 |
| epidemiology of helicobacter pylori: the indian scenario. | to compare the age-related prevalence of helicobacter pylori in populations from developing and developed nations to determine the possible mode of transmission. | 1993 | 8330925 |
| partial characterization of hepatitis a viruses from three intermediate passage levels of a series resulting in adaptation to growth in cell culture and attenuation of virulence. | viruses from passages 9/10, 21, and 32 of a serially passaged human isolate of hepatitis a virus, strain hm-175, were partially sequenced and compared for their abilities to grow in cell cultures and to cause disease in primates. viruses from all passages grew more efficiently in cell culture than did the wild-type virulent virus from which they were derived, and all displayed some degree of attenuation of virulence for primates. within the 5' noncoding region and the 2b2c region of the hav geno ... | 1993 | 8380839 |
| simple haemadherence test for the detection of class-specific immunoglobulins to hepatitis a virus. | the ability of hepatitis a virus (hav) to agglutinate human erythrocytes was used to develop igm and igg antibody capture haemadherence tests (machat and gachat). haemadherence was dependent on the ph of the red cell suspension and was best in the ph range 5.4 to 5.8. the tests were applied to serum, urine, and saliva specimens from individuals susceptible to, or with recent or past infection with hav. haemadherence test reactivities were compared with results obtained with igm and igg antibody ... | 1993 | 8380840 |
| expression of hepatitis a virus poly(u) polymerase in the periplasmic space of escherichia coli. | a cdna containing almost all of the hepatitis a virus (hav) p3 sequences was expressed as a fusion protein with protein a. a novel poly(u) polymerase activity was detected in the periplasmic space of escherichia coli cells transformed with this plasmid, and this activity showed many of the expected properties of a picornavirus 3dpol. a number of hav-specific polypeptides were detected in these cells, and it is unclear which of these was responsible for the polymerase activity. | 1993 | 8383186 |
| cell-free translation and proteolytic processing of the hepatitis a virus polyprotein. | virus-encoded proteinase activity of hepatitis a virus (hav) was studied in vitro. genomic regions coding for segments of the viral polyprotein were expressed by in vitro transcription and translation in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. polyproteins translated from synthetic transcripts encoding p1-p2 or delta vp1-p2 were not processed indicating that no proteolytic activity is encoded within p2 of hav, in contrast to other picornaviruses. proteinase activity was, however, detected in the genomic re ... | 1993 | 8385696 |
| acute sporadic hepatitis e in an egyptian pediatric population. | a study was conducted to determine the etiology of acute hepatitis among 261 children (age range 1-11 years) living in cairo, egypt. a blood sample was obtained from each subject when initially evaluated and a questionnaire was used to collect demographic and risk factor data. sera were tested by enzyme immunoassay for acute hepatitis a (anti-hepatitis a virus igm), hepatitis b (anti-hepatitis b core antigen igm and hepatitis b surface antigen [hbsag]), hepatitis c (total anti-hcv), delta hepati ... | 1993 | 8385885 |
| synthesis and assembly of hepatitis a virus-specific proteins in bs-c-1 cells. | to determine the mechanism for the delayed and inefficient replication of the picornavirus hepatitis a virus in cell culture, we studied the kinetics of synthesis and assembly of virus-specific proteins by metabolic labeling of infected bs-c-1 cells with l-[35s]methionine and l-[35s]cysteine. sedimentation, electrophoresis, and autoradiography revealed the presence of virions, provirions, procapsids, and 14s (pentameric) subunits. virions and provirions contained vp1, vp0, vp2, and vp3; procapsi ... | 1993 | 8388489 |
| solid-phase antibody capture hemadsorption assay for detection of hepatitis a virus immunoglobulin m antibodies. | a solid-phase antibody capture hemadsorption (spach) assay was developed to detect hepatitis a virus (hav)-specific immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies in sera from humans recently infected with hepatitis. the assay is performed with microtiter plates coated with anti-human igm antibodies to capture igm antibodies from the test sera. hav-specific igm antibody is detected by the addition of hav hemagglutinating antigen and goose erythrocytes. hemadsorption of erythrocytes to antigen-antibody comple ... | 1993 | 8388890 |
| hepatitis a virus identification in an outbreak by enzymatic amplification. | from april 28th to may 22nd, 1987, the medical authority identified 13 cases (6 symptomatic cases) of hepatitis a (ha) in a school and in a college of rome. the principal risk factor was determined to be "full-time presence at the state school and boarders at the college". the distribution of ha cases suggested a person to person contact; anti-hepatitis a virus igm were identified in 12 out of 13 cases with high levels of transaminases. during the disease epidemic, water samples were taken from ... | 1993 | 8390942 |
| [observation of live, attenuated hepatitis a vaccines in humans]. | hepatitis a viruses l-a-1 and mbb strains were attenuated by serial passages in laboratory, then appropriately attenuated strains were screened based on marmosets experiments. three live attenuated vaccine lots l-a-1/p14, l-a-1/p21, mbb/p13 (35 degrees c) were prepared respectively. three vaccine lots titer were 10(5.5), 10(5.0), 10(4.5) tcid50/ml. each vaccine lot was inoculated into 2 adults and 8 children 1.0 ml intramuscularly in the upper arm. all volunteers were closely observed for 4 week ... | 1993 | 8394801 |
| antibody response to nonstructural proteins of hepatitis a virus following infection. | the nonstructural proteins of hepatitis a virus (hav), produced during active virus replication, are alternative antigens that could be used to differentiate disease from inactivated vaccine-induced antibodies. an assay based on immune precipitation of proteins translated from transcripts of the p2 region of viral cdna was used to evaluate the development of antibodies after natural infection or vaccination. antibodies against p2 proteins were found in all sera from clinical cases of hepatitis a ... | 1993 | 8390561 |
| rescue, expression, and analysis of a neutralizing human anti-hepatitis a virus monoclonal antibody. | a human anti-hepatitis a virus mab was rescued from a hybridoma cell line by conventional cdna cloning, and expressed in cho cells. the full nucleotide sequences of the mab h and l chains were determined, revealing a vhi/v lambda ii v region combination. comparisons with germline v genes suggest that the v regions had undergone somatic mutations characteristic of an ag-driven immune response. a comparison of the binding to hepatitis a virus between mab derived from the cho cells and the original ... | 1993 | 8395549 |
| safety and immunogenicity of hepatitis a vaccine in healthy adult volunteers. | the immunogenicity and adverse reaction of an inactivated hepatitis a (ha) vaccine were investigated. sixty healthy adult volunteers who lacked antibody to ha virus (anti-hav) received three doses of vaccine containing 720 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) units (el.u) according to a 0, 1 and 6 month schedule. blood tests for serum liver enzymes and anti-hav were performed at screening 7 days prior to, and 1, 6 and 7 months after the first dose. anti-hav was tested by radio immunoassay a ... | 1993 | 8397010 |
| hepatitis a: hepatotropism and influence on myelopoiesis. | immunopathologic mechanisms leading to liver tissue injury in hepatitis caused by hepatitis a virus (hav) were studied in an autologous in vitro model. data show virus-specific killing by liver-infiltrating t lymphocytes in man and support the hypothesis that hepatocellular damage as well as efficient elimination of virus-infected hepatocytes is mediated by hla-restricted, hav-specific cd8+ t lymphocytes. furthermore, experimental results demonstrate that human interferon-gamma produced by hav-s ... | 1993 | 8407240 |
| hepatitis a virus infections in belgian children. | in childhood hav infection most often passes subclinically. in this study we evaluate the percentages of clinically and subclinically developing hav infections and the age distribution of the prevalence of immunity to hav. the study population (n = 1,008) included newborns, children and teenagers up to 20 years of age from the brussels area. sera were randomly collected at a general hospital. subjects were stratified into six age groups. among children and teenagers, the overall prevalence of an ... | 1993 | 8396071 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis a and hepatitis b virus infection in a gurkha community in singapore. | the overall prevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection among the gurkhas and their families stationed in singapore was 83.2%, with antibody to hav detected in 67 (38.1%) of 176 children under 5 years of age, 121 (76.6%) of 158 children between 5 and 14 years, and 600 (97.9%) of 613 older children and adults over age 15 years. children born in singapore (102/223 or 45.7%) had a significantly lower crude prevalence than those born in nepal (85/110 or 77.3%) (p < 0.000001). the age-adjusted di ... | 1993 | 8283176 |
| hepatitis a post-viral encephalitis. | we report a seven-year-old girl who developed a hepatitis a viral infection and encephalitis. the patient developed fever, abdominal pains and jaundice. five days later she became delirious, combative, and did not respond to verbal commands. laboratory studies showed elevated liver enzymes and elevated serum immunoglobulin m (igm) and immunoglobulin g (igg) antibodies to hepatitis a virus. cerebrospinal fluid contained igg antibodies to hepatitis a virus but not igm antibodies. polymerase chain ... | 1993 | 8424315 |
| [molecular epidemiology of hepatitis a virus]. | the genome of hepatitis a virus (hav) is a linear plus-strand rna molecule of 7,500 nucleotides and it shares common strategies of construction and function of the picornavirus family. since it has a unique nucleotide sequence homology, hav has been classified in the genus of hepatovirus, newly added to the family. nucleotide sequence of the putative vp1/2a junction area was found variable and a 168 nucleotide portion of the region has been compared with many hav sequences obtained from all over ... | 1993 | 8464144 |
| time course of hepatitis a antibody production after active, passive and active/passive immunisation: the results are highly dependent on the antibody test system used. | two commercially available automated test systems for hepatitis a antibody, havab imx (abbott) and enzymun anti-hav (boehringer) were evaluated in a study of active, passive and active/passive immunisation against hepatitis a. the inactivated hepatitis a vaccine epaxal berna and the hepatitis a immunoglobulin preparation globuman were products of the swiss serum and vaccine institute. although both hepatitis a antibody test kits were standardised with the same international who standard hepatiti ... | 1993 | 8408443 |
| characterization of the immune response of volunteers vaccinated with a killed vaccine against hepatitis a. | to characterize the immune response elicited by the hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine, the sera of 79 subjects who received two vaccine doses at an interval of 1 month and a booster dose 6 months after the first dose, were analysed by elisa, radioimmunofocus inhibition test (rifit) and by a competition monoclonal antibody assay using two neutralizing mabs (k3-4c8 and b5-b3), which recognize different epitopes. the data show that 93.6% of the volunteers responded after one dose, as detected by elis ... | 1993 | 8385844 |
| the seroepidemiology of hepatitis a virus infection in south african chinese people. | the age-specific prevalence of antibody to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) was determined in 949 chinese people residing in south africa in 1983-1985. this small community is comprised of original settlers from the mainland china province of guandong, where hepatitis a virus infection is endemic, and their south african-born descendants. the overall anti-hav prevalence (by radioimmunoassay) in south african chinese people was 57.8%, was lowest in children aged 0-9 and 10-19 years (10.0% and 12.8%, ... | 1994 | 8790570 |
| status of hepatitis viral markers in patients with acute and chronic liver diseases in northern india. | the present study describes the frequency of hepatitis viral markers in patients with uncomplicated acute viral hepatitis (avh; n = 32) and in patients with severe liver diseases, including those with fulminant hepatic failure (fhf; n = 110), subacute hepatic failure (sahf; n = 65), and chronic active hepatitis (cah; n = 33). the results indicate that hepatitis a virus infection is quite rare, whereas hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) infections are the predominant causes of ac ... | 1994 | 8586538 |
| prevalence of immunity to hepatitis a in recruits to the british army and royal air force. | between 1989 and 1992, 92% of a sample of 2790 service recruits aged between 17 and 35 years (mean age 19 years 7 months) were found not to be immune to infection by hepatitis a virus. the proportion of males with immunity was consistently greater than that for females. there was a significantly increased probability of immunity if individuals originated from northern england, the midlands and scotland, in particular the suburbs. among male recruits there were significantly increased probabiliti ... | 1994 | 8907833 |
| hepatitis a and vaccination. | 1994 | 8801857 | |
| [the seroepidemiology of the hepatitis a virus in children and adolescents]. | to know the prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) in a population of children and teenagers pertaining to three municipalities of the autonomous community of madrid (cam). | 1994 | 8136445 |
| hepatitis a virus-associated cholecystitis. | 1994 | 8304658 | |
| hepatitis c virus rna in patients with anti-hcv on hemodialysis. relationship to transaminase levels. | this study was performed in patients with hepatitis c virus (hcv) who were treated with hemodialysis to determine the relationships among alanine amino-transferase (alt) levels, immunoglobulin (ig) g anti-hcv, igm anti-hcv core, and hcv rna. of 107 patients on hemodialysis, 27 had positive igg anti-hcv. eight of the patients who had hcv were evaluated every 8 months during a period of 2 years, using the following selection criteria: positive igg against c-22, c33-c, 5-1-1, and c100-3 viral pepti ... | 1994 | 8555556 |
| idiopathic autoimmune chronic hepatitis triggered by hepatitis a. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is a well-recognized cause of acute hepatitis with jaundice in adults. however, chronic sequelae of hav infection are so rare and so poorly defined that their existence remains speculative. in this report we describe a middle-aged woman in whom serologically defined acute hepatitis a appeared to trigger the onset of autoimmune chronic active hepatitis. this and two previously reported cases suggest that in certain individuals, presumably with a genetic predispos ... | 1994 | 8273775 |
| [a case of sporadic acute type a hepatitis associated with acute renal failure]. | we report a case of sporadic acute type a hepatitis associated with acute renal failure, due to mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis and interstitial nephritis. a 42 year-old-man was admitted to mitsui memorial hospital because of jaundice and oliguria with fever in february, 1989. his serum creatinine was 12.2 mg/dl, bun 87 mg/dl, got 57 u/l and gpt 358 u/l. the serum igm antibody to hepatitis a virus was positive, which indicated recent infection with hepatitis a virus. hemodialysis and st ... | 1994 | 8072227 |
| a viral dsrna element of the chestnut blight fungus with a distinct genetic organization. | we have sequenced overlapping complementary dna clones representing the viral double-stranded (ds) rna from hypovirulent strain nb58 of the chestnut blight fungus cryphonectria parasitica. cryphonectria hypovirus 2-nb58 (chv2-nb58) dsrna contains 12,507 base pairs, excluding the poly(a) tail at the 3' end of the plus strand, and is organizationally similar to the largest dsrna from the virus of strain ep713 (chv1-713; identical to hav; shapira et al., (1991), embo j. 10, 731-739). chv2-nb58 and ... | 1994 | 8184535 |
| phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance in vivo spectroscopy of human liver during hepatitis a virus infection. | to evaluate the changes in hepatocellular phospholipid metabolism during hepatitis virus infection, 26 patients with acute viral hepatitis a were studied by means of phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31p-nmr) spectroscopy. the spectroscopy of liver showed six signal components in all patients as well as in the normal volunteers. during the early phase of illness, the phosphomonoester (pme)-phosphodiester (pde) ratios in the patients became markedly greater than the ratios in the controls ... | 1994 | 8281864 |
| in vivo transfection by hepatitis a virus synthetic rna. | marmosets injected intrahepatically with nucleic acids (cdna and rna transcripts) representing the full-length genome of the wild-type hm-175 strain of hepatitis a virus experienced acute hepatitis and seroconversion to hepatitis a virus capsid proteins. the hepatitis was comparable in severity to that caused by infection with the wild-type virus. the viral cdna and the hepatitis a virus recovered from the feces of an injected animal contained the same marker mutation. therefore, intermediate ce ... | 1994 | 8032252 |
| hepatitis type e in a french population: detection of anti-hev by a synthetic peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | four synthetic peptides were used to develop an elisa for detecting hepatitis type e infections. antibodies to hev were detected in 54 of 64 patients present during two outbreaks previously recognized as being due to hepatitis e virus. those patients included french soldiers stationed in chad at the time, and algerian civilians residing in algeria and considered as positive controls. anti-hev were also detected in 3 out of 74 cases of sporadic non-a, non-b, non-c hepatitis in france, and in 2 ou ... | 1994 | 8023016 |
| the current epidemiology of hepatitis a infection in south africa: implications for vaccination. | testing stored sera from various categories of individuals has shown that among the black population hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is universal and most adult black subjects are immune. infection probably occurs early in life, consistent with the epidemiological pattern seen in the developing world. by contrast, seroprevalence of hav infection in adult white subjects increases with age, reflecting an epidemiological pattern seen in the developed world. white subjects working in a virological ... | 1994 | 7974662 |
| hemolysis and autoantibodies to triosephosphate isomerase in a patient with acute hepatitis a virus infection. | having returned from a holiday in southeast europe, a 30-year-old german woman developed acute hepatitis. hepatitis a virus (hav) infection was diagnosed serologically. during the course of the infection, hemolysis was found. igm antibodies against triosephosphate isomerase (igm anti-tpi) were detected in the patient's serum from the acute phase of the hav infection. affinity purified igm anti-tpi from the serum reduced the enzyme activity in vitro and caused an increased 51cr release from eryth ... | 1994 | 7984967 |
| exposure to enteroviruses and hepatitis a virus among divers in environmental waters in france, first biological and serological survey of a controlled cohort. | an epidemiological study of hepatitis a and enteroviruses was conducted in a military diving training school, by evaluating the viral contamination of water using an ultrafiltration concentration technique, and assessing seroconversion and the presence of virus in stool specimens obtained from 109 divers and 48 controls. three of 29 water specimens were positive for enterovirus by cell culture and 9 by molecular hybridization. there was little or no risk of virus infection during the training co ... | 1994 | 7995363 |
| a solvent i detergent treated, pasteurised and highly purified factor viii concentrate. | in an assessment of the risks of virus transmission by clotting concentrates it is clear that the currently practised procedures for virus inactivation are not equally effective against all types of viruses; neither a pasteurisation nor the solvent detergent (sid) process alone are adequate enough to inactivate viruses that are strongly resistant to heat and organic solvents. in this context, human parvovirus b19 and hepatitis a virus (hav) are of particular concern. in order to improve this sit ... | 1994 | 8147954 |
| hepatitis a virus transmission by blood products. proceedings of a symposium. new york, 10 july 1993. | 1994 | 7916516 | |
| hepatitis a in western austria--the epidemiological situation before the introduction of active immunisation. | several european countries report a decreasing prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav). this trend is most pronounced in the youngest age groups. in 1979, however, 58% of young austrians aged 20 to 30 years were shown to possess anti-hav. here we describe the current epidemiological situation in western austria. prevalence of anti-hav has decreased to 7% in those 18 to 30 years old. this percentage rises to 20% (31 to 40 years of age) and 57% (41 to 50 years of age) and is highe ... | 1994 | 8181844 |
| hepatitis a in french hemophiliacs. | the prevalence of serum antibodies to hepatitis a virus (hav) in 793 hemophilia a (ha) and 89 hemophilia b (hb) patients coming from 10 french hemophilia centers and treated since 1986-1987 with solvent/detergent (sd)-treated products is reported. the results indicated seropositivity to hav of 29.9% in ha and 40.4% in hb patients. there was no difference among the patients according to severity of the disease, hiv serology or administration of factor viii during the last 12 months. seropositivit ... | 1994 | 8091745 |
| failure to detect hepatitis a virus rna in factor viii concentrates using the polymerase chain reaction. results of a preliminary study. | the transmission of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection to recipients of some batches of factor viii has recently been reported. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used for the detection of hav rna in factor viii concentrates. primer sequences used were derived from a consensus of published sequences in the 5' non coding region; a nested pcr was used to increase sensitivity and specificity and the resulting fragment was 151 base pairs in length. the pcr was initially validated in clinical sam ... | 1994 | 8091737 |
| in vitro characterization of an internal ribosomal entry site (ires) present within the 5' nontranslated region of hepatitis a virus rna: comparison with the ires of encephalomyocarditis virus. | the lengthy 5' nontranslated region (5'ntr) of hepatitis a virus (hav) forms a highly ordered secondary structure, which has been suggested to play an important role in controlling viral translation by allowing for translation initiation by internal ribosome entry. to test this hypothesis, synthetic bicistronic rnas, with all or part of the hav 5'ntr in the intercistronic space, were translated in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. in the presence of an upstream cistron designed to block ribosomal sca ... | 1994 | 8289336 |
| expression of hepatitis a virus precursor protein p3 in vivo and in vitro: polyprotein processing of the 3cd cleavage site. | hepatitis a virus (hav) cdnas encoding the p3 region proteins were expressed in vivo and in vitro to characterize the hav 3d protein and to identify the cleavage site between 3c and 3d. protein coding sequences were placed under control of a t7 promoter and an emcv translational initiation signal. t7 rna polymerase was provided by simultaneous infection of transfected bs-c-1 cells with a recombinant vaccinia virus vtf7-3 (t. r. fuerst et al., proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 83, 8122-8126, 1986). effi ... | 1994 | 8291234 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a virus infection among sewage workers in singapore. | to determine whether or not occupational exposure to sewage is associated with a higher seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, 600 sewage workers in singapore were tested for total (igg and igm) antibody to hav by enzyme immunoassay. using logistic regression with stepwise procedure, the adjusted seroprevalence of sewage workers was 2.2 times higher than that of another non-occupationally exposed population group. seroprevalence was significantly correlated with age and educational ... | 1994 | 8062868 |
| epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis a in travelers. | to assess the risk of hepatitis a in international travelers and to recommend preventive measures. | 1994 | 8078167 |
| sequence variability of hepatitis a virus and factor viii associated hepatitis a infections in hemophilia patients in europe. an update. | outbreaks and sporadic cases of hepatitis a have been observed in 4 european countries in hemophilia patients receiving factor viii preparations. pcr amplification of potential hepatitis a virus (hav) nucleic acid present in plasma pools, purified factor viii and acute-phase sera from infected individuals has been performed and the nucleic acid sequence determined for those samples that resulted in a positive pcr product. hav sequences were detected in the serum of 2 german patients, but not in ... | 1994 | 8091736 |
| large deletion mutations involving the first pyrimidine-rich tract of the 5' nontranslated rna of human hepatitis a virus define two adjacent domains associated with distinct replication phenotypes. | the 5' nontranslated rna (5'ntr) of the hm175 strain of human hepatitis a virus contains several pyrimidine-rich regions, the largest and most 5' of which (py1) is an almost pure polypyrimidine tract located between nucleotides (nt) 99 and 138, which includes five tandem repeats of the sequence motif (u)uucc(c). previous modeling of the rna secondary structure suggested that this region was likely to be single-stranded, but repetitive rnase v1 cleavage sites within these (u)uucc(c) motifs indica ... | 1994 | 8057438 |
| [severe acute hepatitis caused by hepatitis a virus]. | 1994 | 8208004 | |
| immune response after hepatitis a vaccination in haemodialysis patients: comparison with hepatitis b vaccination. | this study evaluates the immune response of 20 haemodialysis (hd) patients vaccinated with hepatitis a (ha) vaccine and eight patients vaccinated with hepatitis b (hb) vaccine. twenty patients and 22 healthy adults were immunized three times (months 0, 1 and 6) intramuscularly with a 0.5 microgram dose. all members of both groups were positive for the antibody to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) after three vaccinations. the geometric mean titres at 7 months were similar in both groups. no serious s ... | 1994 | 8054520 |
| proteinase 3c of hepatitis a virus (hav) cleaves the hav polyprotein p2-p3 at all sites including vp1/2a and 2a/2b. | thus far, the only virus-encoded proteinase of hepatitis a virus (hav) detected is 3c, which was shown to catalyze proteolysis of most of the suggested cleavage sites within the hav precursor polyprotein. to elucidate whether or not hav proteinase 3c and its precursors are involved in processing of the yet unidentified sites in the polyprotein p2-p3, the genomic region of 3c including flanking sequences were expressed in a bacterial system and by cell-free translation. in both systems 2a-reactiv ... | 1994 | 8259663 |
| acute sporadic hepatitis e in kuwait. | fifty-seven adult patients with acute hepatitis and 34 comparison patients without liver disease were evaluated using a newly developed western blot assay for igm antibody to hepatitis e virus. the mean age of patients with hepatitis was 32 years (range, 18-55 years); 88% were male. among patients with acute hepatitis, hepatitis a (anti-hav igm positive) was diagnosed in two (4%), hepatitis b (anti-hbc igm positive) in three (5%), and hepatitis e (anti-hev igm positive) in 34 (60%). one hepatiti ... | 1994 | 8046431 |
| rapid and efficient purification of hepatitis a virus from cell culture. | hepatitis a virus (hav) characteristically remains strongly cell-associated when grown in culture, with only small yields in the culture supernatant. cell factories (6000 cm2) of bs-c-1 cells infected with the cytopathic hm175a.z strain of hav for 3, 4 or 7 days were harvested using trypsin to disperse the infected cell monolayer, and cells were collected by low speed centrifugation. more than 70% of the yield of virus and viral antigen can thus be obtained in the packed cell pellet. packed cell ... | 1994 | 8051227 |
| attenuated hepatitis a virus: genetic determinants of adaptation to growth in mrc-5 cells. | a live candidate hepatitis a virus vaccine, developed from the hm-175 strain and adapted to growth in primary african green monkey kidney (agmk) cells, was adapted to growth in mrc-5 cells. the nucleotide sequence of the mrc-5 cell-adapted virus was determined and compared with the known sequence of the agmk cell-adapted virus. thirteen unique mutations, which occurred during passage in mrc-5 cells, were identified. four of the unique mutations were located in a cluster in the 5' noncoding regio ... | 1994 | 8254724 |
| nucleotide sequence of wild-type hepatitis a virus gbm in comparison with two cell culture-adapted variants. | in order to study cell tropism and attenuation of hepatitis a virus (hav), the genome of hav wild-type gbm and two cell culture-adapted variants, gbm/frhk and gbm/hfs, were cloned and sequenced after amplification by reverse transcriptase-pcr. during virus cultivation, the hav variant gbm/frhk had a strict host range for frhk-4 cells, in contrast to gbm/hfs, which can be grown in hfs and frhk-4 cells. the hav variant gbm/hfs was shown to be attenuated when inoculated into chimpanzees (b. flehmig ... | 1994 | 8254770 |
| detection of hepatitis a virus in clinical and environmental samples by immunomagnetic separation and pcr. | magnetic beads coated with antibodies against surface epitopes of the hepatitis a virus (hav) captured efficiently viral particles from various types of samples. contaminating substances, including particulate material, were removed by using a magnet to retain the beads during the washing procedure. a sensitive reverse transcriptase/nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was developed to confirm the presence of viral particles on the beads. the above technique was shown to be useful for the d ... | 1994 | 8188812 |
| clinical and immunological investigation of a new combined hepatitis a and hepatitis b vaccine. | as with hepatitis b vaccines, the recently developed hepatitis a vaccine is suitable not only for individual protection, but also for public health control measures. for introduction into routine immunisation programmes, however, hepatitis a vaccine should preferably be combined with other already established vaccines. in particular, a combination of hepatitis a and hepatitis b vaccines would be appropriate. we investigated a new combined hepatitis a/hepatitis b vaccine comparing its tolerabilit ... | 1994 | 7897380 |
| falling incidence and prevalence of hepatitis a in northern spain. | the prevalence of hepatitis a virus antibodies was studied using a commercial elisa method. 2,214 subjects were included, 1,211 in 1992 and 1,003 during 1986-87. in 1992 the seroprevalence rates among subjects 1-9, 10-19, 20-29 and 30-39 years old were 2.4%, 21%, 57.6% and 87.5% respectively, as compared with 7.7%, 37.9%, 80.6% and 98.1% respectively, in a similar group of subjects studied 5 years earlier (p < or = 0.001). the reported number viral hepatitis cases declined from 35.0 per 100,000 ... | 1994 | 8036467 |
| incidence of hepatitis a virus infection among an italian military population. | in 1990, a prospective serological survey to estimate the rate of clinical and inapparent infection with hepatitis a virus (hav) was performed in a cohort of 1,268 soldiers, 18-24 years old, during an 8 month period in the campania region in italy. at the time of enrollment 318 (25%) of the 1,268 soldiers were positive for total antibodies to hav (anti-hav). none of them was positive for igm anti-hav. among the 950 susceptible subjects who were followed up for 8 months, eight (0.8%) later seroco ... | 1994 | 8181843 |
| seroepidemiology of hepatitis a virus infection in southern taiwan. | hepatitis a virus infection was common in taiwan. most of the taiwan data on the prevalence of hepatitis a virus antibody (anti-hav), however have derived from the taipei area and few reports are available on the age-specific prevalence in other parts of taiwan. sera of 738 healthy inhabitants in tainan district, a rural southern taiwan, were collected from january to december, 1992, and screened the anti-hav igg by radioimmunoassay. the prevalence rate of anti-hav among infants was 64.6%, which ... | 1994 | 7942025 |
| in situ hybridization studies of hepatitis a viral rna in patients with acute hepatitis a. | in situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probes has been used to localise hepatitis a virus rna genomic sequences in formalin-fixed and routinely processed human liver biopsies from three patients. using radiolabelled sulphur-35 antisense probes, viral genomic sequences were found in all three cases, but signal intensity was greatest in cases 1 and 2 with fulminant hepatitis, and was minimal in the third case of resolving hepatitis biopsied 2 months after acute illness. localisation showed the ... | 1994 | 8014450 |
| a trial of the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine. | purified, formaldehyde-inactivated and alum-adjuvanted hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccines have recently become available for clinical trials. the vaccine is administered intramuscularly in a schedule of 0, 1, and 6 months. the aim of the study was to evaluate the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis a (ha) vaccine. three groups of volunteers comprised the study population: 28 volunteers without antibody to hav were given ha vaccine and, for comparison, 43 subjects received ... | 1994 | 8034508 |
| low efficiency of the 5' nontranslated region of hepatitis a virus rna in directing cap-independent translation in permissive monkey kidney cells. | to characterize in vivo the translational control elements present in the 5' nontranslated region (5'ntr) of hepatitis a virus (hav) rna, we created an hav-permissive monkey kidney cell line (bt7-h) that stably expresses t7 rna polymerase and carries out cytoplasmic transcription of uncapped rna from transfected dna containing the t7 promoter. the presence of an internal ribosomal entry site (ires) within the 5'ntr of hav was confirmed by using bt7-h cells transcribing bicistronic rnas in which ... | 1994 | 8035522 |
| picornaviral 3c cysteine proteinases have a fold similar to chymotrypsin-like serine proteinases. | the picornavirus family includes several pathogens such as poliovirus, rhinovirus (the major cause of the common cold), hepatitis a virus and the foot-and-mouth disease virus. picornaviral proteins are expressed by direct translation of the genomic rna into a single, large polyprotein precursor. proteolysis of the viral polyprotein into the mature proteins is assured by the viral 3c enzymes, which are cysteine proteinases. here we report the x-ray crystal structure at 2.3 a resolution of the 3c ... | 1994 | 8164744 |
| safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine: effect of dose and vaccination schedule. | the safety and immunogenicity of three doses (360 elisa units [eu], 720 eu, and 1440 eu) and four immunization schedules (0, 1, and 2; 0, 1, and 6; 0, 1, and 12; 0, 2, and 4 months) of an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine were investigated in 80 healthy adult volunteers. adverse effects were mild and comparable to those in a control group given hepatitis b vaccine. antibody levels presumed to be protective (> or = 20 miu/ml) were achieved after one injection in 90% of vaccinees given 360 and 720 e ... | 1994 | 8169430 |
| infectious diseases. | 1994 | 8170896 | |
| problem hepatitis viruses: the mutants. | genetic variations in the known human hepatitis viruses are probably the result (a) of high viral replication rates and poor or absent proofreading ability intrinsic to rna viruses (hav, hcv, hdv, hev) and (b) to a dna virus (hbv) that uses a reverse-transcription mechanism for genomic replication. nucleotide substitutions, deletions, duplications, insertions, and rearrangements resulting in amino acid changes may have no consequences, may impair replication, change host susceptibility, or may l ... | 1994 | 8109589 |
| competitor template rna for detection and quantitation of hepatitis a virus by pcr. | pcr was used to introduce a 63-bp deletion into the putative rna replicase coding sequence of hepatitis a virus. rna was synthesized in vitro from the deletion mutant cloned into a transcription vector. upon amplification by pcr, cdna made from the competitor rna generated an amplified fragment that could be easily distinguished from the product generated from wild-type hepatitis a virus genomic rna by gel electrophoresis, when the same primers were used, without further manipulation. the compet ... | 1994 | 8136124 |
| cost-effectiveness analysis of vaccination against hepatitis a in travellers. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is a substantial risk for travellers from low endemic countries to high endemic destinations. costs and effects of alternative options for prevention were compared using formal decision analysis. general indications for the optimal prevention of hepatitis a were derived from a cost-effectiveness analysis. various possible strategies for prevention of hepatitis a in travellers were compared to doing nothing: active immunisation using either the existing vaccine ( ... | 1994 | 7897383 |
| studies on mechanism of action of glycyrrhizin against hepatitis a virus replication in vitro. | glycyrrhizin (gl) achieved a concentration-dependent inhibition of the replication of hepatitis a virus (hav) in plc/prf/5 cells. gl has been shown to inhibit an early stage of the hav replication. gl was not virucidal and had no measurable effect on the adsorption of [3h]uridine-labelled virions to cells. gl inhibited hav penetration of the plasma membrane as measured by the amount of infective virus no longer neutralizable by specific antibody over time. | 1994 | 8141593 |