Publications

a general method for maximizing the expression of a cloned gene.	we present a method, utilizing a combination of restriction endonuclease cleavage and digestion with escherichia coli exonuclease iii and aspergillus orizae nuclease s1, that allows us to position a restriction fragment bearing the promoter of the lacz gene of e. coli at virtually any distance in front of any cloned gene. in particular, we have used this method to examine the effect on protein production of gene-promoter separation for the cro gene of phage lambda and to produce plasmids that, u ...	1979	370836
isolation and characterization of mutations in the ciii gene of bacteriophage lambda which increase the efficiency of lysogenization of escherichia coli k-12.		1979	371117
construction of plasmid cloning vehicles that promote gene expression from the bacteriophage lambda pl promoter.	two multiple-copy, cole1-type, plasmid cloning vehicles, phub2 and phub4, have been constructed that carry four different single restriction sites down-stream from the phage lambda promoter pl. the promoting activity of pl is switched off at low temperature in the presence of a cits gene that specifies a temperature-sensitive repressor but could be activated by heat induction. cits was located either on the host chromosome, or on a second plasmid prk248 that is compatible with the cloning vehicl ...	1979	372049
the effects of substituted pyrimidines in dnas on cleavage by sequence-specific endonucleases.	the rates of cleavage of dnas containing substituents at position 5 of thymine or cytosine have been measured for a variety of sequence-specific endonucleases, so as to determine which features in the dna sequence are being probed. phage phi e dna fully substituted with 5-hydroxymethyluracil is cleaved more slowly by enzymes whose recognition sequences contain a-t base pairs than are dnas containing thymine, but both types of dna are cleaved at similar rates by enzymes recognizing sequences comp ...	1979	372183
cloning of the yeast tyrosine transfer rna genes in bacteriophage lambda.		1979	372541
construction and characterization of the hybrid bacteriophage lambda charon vectors for dna cloning.	twenty hybrid lambda phages especially designed for molecular cloning have been constructed and named charon phages. these phages differ in the ranges of sizes of dna fragments that may be inserted, by the selections and screens which may be used to isolate and detect the incorporation of cloned fragments, by the way transcription of the cloned fragment may be controlled, by the different restriction enzymes that can be used for cloning, by the phage immunities that may be employed for controlli ...	1979	372561
w-reactivation of phage lambda in recf, recl, uvra, and uvrb mutants of e. coli k-12.	w-reactivation is reduced by recf143 and recf144 mutations and is undetectable if a second mutation at either the uvra or uvrb locus is combined with recf143. the uvra and uvrb mutations alone block w-reactivation partially. a recl152 mutation also partially blocks w-reactivation by itself. in combination with a uvrb5 mutation, recl125 blocks w-reactivation completely but in combination with recf143, significant residual w-reactivation ability remains. we suggest that the phenomenon of w-reactiv ...	1979	372750
cloning of an ecori fragment carrying e. coli tufa gene.	ecori fragments of the transducing phage lambda fus3 dna have been linked to the colel derivative plasmid rsf2124 (colel-apr) dna using bacteriophage t4 ligase. among the plasmids formed, one designated ptual was found to contain the e. coli tufa gene. the proof for the presence of tufa gene in ptual is based on the following observations: (1) ability of ptual dna and is ecori fragments to direct synthesis of ef-tu in a cell-free protein synthesizing system; and (2) rna . dna hybridization of rn ...	1979	372764
arrangement of the maltose-inducible major outer membrane proteins, the bacteriophage lambda receptor in escherichia coli and the 44 k protein in salmonella typhimurium.		1979	374123
mapping of ilvo loci of escherichia coli k-12 with bacteriophage lambda dilv.	a set of lambda dilv phage have been used in a deletion mapping procedure to determine the location of two previously characterized ilvo alleles. in contrast to earlier conclusions derived from three-factor crosses and episome-shortening techniques with phage p1, the order found is ilvg-ilvo-ilveda. a three-factor cross with phage p1 is described that is not consistent with this location for an ilvo allele. further analysis of this particular three-factor cross revealed than an artifact attribut ...	1979	374344
receptor for bacteriophage lambda of escherichia coli forms larger pores in black lipid membranes than the matrix protein (porin).	the receptor for phage lambda in escherichia coli was isolated by cholate extraction and purified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. protein bands corresponding to the monomer and the dimer were eluted from the gel and tested for their activity to inactivate phage lambda and to form pores in black lipid membranes. it was found that only the dimer inactivated phage lambda, whereas both the monomer and the dimer were active in forming pores. the pore characteristics were ...	1979	374375
multiple loci affecting photoreactivation in escherichia coli.	sutherland et al. mapped a phr gene in escherichia coli at 17 min and found that induction of an e. coli strain lysogenic for a lambda phage carrying this gene increased photoreactivating enzyme levels 2,000-fold. recently, smith and youngs and sancar and rupert located a phr gene at 15.9 min. we have therefore investigated the properties of photoreactivating enzyme and cellular photoreactivation in cells containing deletions of the gene at 17 min. cells with this deletion photoreactivated ultra ...	1979	374383
isolation and characterization of a temperature-sensitive dnak mutant of escherichia coli b.	a temperature-sensitive dnak mutant (strain mt112) was isolated from escherichia coli b strain h/r30rt by thymineless death selection at 43 degrees c. by genetic mapping, the mutation [dnak7(ts)] was located near the thr gene (approximately 0.2 min on the may). e. coli k-12 transductants of the mutation to temperature sensitivity were assayed for their susceptibility to transducing phage lambda carrying the dnak and/or the dnaj gene. all of the transductants were able to propagate phage lambda c ...	1979	374384
repair of ultraviolet-light damaged cole1 factor carrying escherichia coli genes for guanine synthesis.	hybrid cole1 plasmids called cole1-coslambda-qua a or cole1-coslambda-gal can be efficiently tranduced into various e. coli k-12 cells through packaging into lambda phage particles. using these plasmids, repair of ultraviolet-light (uv) damaged cole1 dnas was studied in various uv sensitive e. coli k-12 mutants. (1) the host mutations uvra and uvrb markedly reduced host-cell reactivation of uv-irradiated cole1-coslambda-guaa. (2) pre-existing hybrid cole1 plasmids had no effect on the frequency ...	1979	374990
control of bacteriophage lambda repressor establishment transcription: kinetics of l-strand transcription from the y-cii-oop-o-p region.	the kinetics of lambda l-strand repressor establishment rna synthesis were measured from the y-cii region of induced tof- prophage. the activity of the repressor is epistatic to the expression of gene tof coding for the antirepressor (tof). the activity of tof, is epistatic to the expression of repressor gene ci transcription from prm and the expression of repressor establishment transcription from a site 600 to 800 nucleotides upstream from prm. three modes of l-strand rex-ci-tof-y-cii-oop tran ...	1979	375018
cloning of the replication gene p of bacteriophage lambda: effects of increased p-protein synthesis on cellular and phage dna replication.	a restriction fragment of lambdadna carrying the p gene was cloned in the high copy number plasmid rsf2124. cells harbouring this new plasmid rsf2124/lambdae complement lambdapam80 phage. a lac promoter-operator region (lacp), produced by ecori digestion of plasmid pkb252, was inserted into rsf2124/lambdae such that induction of the lac promoter by iptg or lactose leads to increased production of the p gene product. a high amount of p protein in e. coli cells results in a slow inhibition of bact ...	1979	375032
[isolation and properties of dna-cytosine methyltransferase from escherichia coli c].	the method of isolation and partial purification of dna-cytosine-methyltransferase (dc-methylase) from e. coli c is described. the enzyme underwent approximately 100-fold purification. the obtained preparation of dc-methylase can be additionally considerably purified by sedimentation in sucrose gradient. native molecular weight of dc-methylase from e. coli c. is 70,000. the activity of enzyme does not depend on the mg2+ ions. dc-methylase e. coli c provides dna of lambda phage in vitro with full ...	1979	375062
characterization of dna adenine methylation mutants of escherichia coli k12.	the phenotypic traits of 7 independently isolated dam mutants of escherichia coli have been examined. the mutant strains differ from the wildtype in the following respects: (1) decreased dna adenine methylase activity in vivo and in vitro; (2) a 14--85-fold increase in spontaneous mutability; (3) decreased survival after ultraviolet irradiation; (4) a 10--21-fold increase in spontaneous induction of lambda phage from lysogens; (5) a 3--17-fold increase in the level of recombination; and (6) invi ...	1979	375073
nucleotide sequence of the cro-cii-oop region of bacteriophage 434 dna.	the nucleotide sequence of a 869 bp segment of phage 434 dna including the regulatory genes cro and cii is presented and compared with the corresponding part of the phage lambda dna sequence. the 434 cro protein as deduced from the dna sequence is a highly basic protein of 71 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 8089. while the cro gene sequences of phage 434 and lambda dna are very different, the nuleotide sequences to the right of the lambda imm434 boundary show difference ...	1979	375198
mutations reducing the activity of c17, a promoter of phage lambda formed by a tandem duplication.	we report the isolation of four independently selected mutations (scs) in the c17 promoter of phage lambda that reduce or eliminate the promoter activity. the c17 promoter is not normally present in lambda, and has been shown to be generated by a tandem duplication which creates a "pribnow box," a heptamer sequence implicated in promoter activity. this sequence is located upstream from the site of transcription initiation and is present, with some variation, in all promoters whose sequences have ...	1979	375226
strand exchange in site-specific recombination.	the site-specific recombination system of phage lambda promotes crossovers at its attachment site (att). in this report we show that when phage are crossed in conditions where only the site-specific recombination system is active, a low frequency of crossovers can also be detected in a region that is close to but does not contain att. these crossovers require the phage int gene, the host hip gene, and the integrity of att. they are not detected if one of the parents carries a substitution of a h ...	1979	375237
an analysis of the tro phenotype of bacteriophage lambda.		1979	375577
the regulation of integrative recombination by the b2 region and the cii gene of bacteriophage lambda.		1979	375579
total synthesis of a tyrosine suppressor trna gene. xviii. biological activity and transcription, in vitro, of the cloned gene.	the chemically synthesized gene for escherichia coli tyrosine suppressor trna has been joined to both plasmid (cole1 ampr) and bacteriophage (charon 3a) vector chromosomes after the latter had been digested with the restriction endonuclease ecori. suppression of both bacterial (trpa, his, lacz) and bacteriophage lambda amber mutations (aam32, bam1) has been demonstrated after transformation of e. coli with the recombinant dna molecules carrying the synthetic suppressor trna gene. the cloned synt ...	1979	376520
mutagenesis and repair deficiencies of escherichia coli umuc mutants are suppressed by the plasmid pkm101.	the presence of the drug resistance plasmid pkm101 restored the ability of escherichia coli umuc mutant strains to be mutated by methyl methanesulfonate. inducible (weigle) reactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated bacteriophage lambda was not observed in uvra6 umuc mutant strains lacking pkm101 but was observed if the plasmid was present in the strains. in a uvra+ umuc36 strain pkm101 increased the efficiency of the weigle reactivation process. plasmid-mediated uv-resistance and plasmid-mediated p ...	1979	377021
characterisation of tn1721, a new transposon containing tetracycline resistance genes capable of amplification.	r plasmid prsd1 contains tetracycline resistance (tet) genes in a 3.55 mdal-region capable of amplification by forming tandem repeats (mattes, burkardt and schmitt, molec. gen. genet., 1979). the repetitious tet element is itself part of a 7.2 mdal-transposon, named tn1721, as demonstrated by the following criteria; (i) tn1721 has been translocated to phage lambda. the resulting hybrid phage lambda tet contains the 7.2 mdal-insertion to the right of the attachment site, but not continguous with ...	1979	377024
characterization of a cloned ribosomal fragment from mouse which contains the 18s coding region and adjacent spacer sequences.	the large ecori fragment of mouse ribosomal genes containing parts of the non-transcribed spacer, the external transcribed spacer located at the 5' end of the precursor molecule and about two thirds of the 18s sequence has been cloned in bacteriophage lambda gtwes. a physical map of the dna was constructed by cleavage with several restriction endonucleases and hybridization of the restriction fragments of the recombinant dna with labelled 18s and 45s rrna. the orientation of the inserted fragme ...	1979	377227
physical map of the seven ribosomal rna genes of escherichia coli.	escherichia coli dna was digested with restriction endonucleases bamhi, psti, ecori, sali, hindiii, xhoi, bglii, smai, hpai and with selected double and triple combinations of the same enzymes. the digests were electrophoresed and hybridized with 32p-labelled ribosomal rna by using the southern blotting technique. the resulting bands could be arranged into seven groups, and it was possible to construct a unique physical map of the seven rrna genes (operons) of the bacterial chromosome. mapping i ...	1979	377232
a relationship between dna helix stability and recognition sites for rna polymerase.	the rna polymerase binding sites on the dna of (i) the aroe-trka-spc segment of the escherichia coli genome, (ii) transposon tn3, (iii) plasmid cole1, and (iv) coliphage lambda were mapped by electron microscopy, with the use of the bac technique; these maps were compared with the maps of the early-melting regions for the same genomes. the results indicate that in all these cases the binding sites for the e. coli rna polymerase lie preferentially in the early melting regions of dna. these data i ...	1979	377494
the effect of differential methylation by escherichia coli of plasmid dna and phage t7 and lambda dna on the cleavage by restriction endonuclease mboi from moraxella bovis.	the nucleotide sequence recognized and cleaved by the restriction endonuclease mboi is 5' gatc and is identical to the central tetranucleotide of the restriction sites of bamhi and bglii. experiments on the restriction of dna from escherichia coli dam and dam+ confirm the notion that gatc sequences are adenosyl-methylated by the dam function of e. coli and thereby are made refractory to cleavage by mboi. on the basis of this observation the degree of dam methylation of various dnas was examined ...	1979	378259
a secondary attachment site for bacteriophage lambda in trpc of e. coli.	we have determined the nucleotide sequence of a secondary lambda attachment site in trpc. direct sequence analysis of lambdatrp transducing phage dna fragments carrying the two prophage attachment sites reveals a 6 nucleotide homology in the crossover region which is a subset of the 15 nucleotide core sequence in the primary lambda attachment site: gcttttttatactaa. this 6 nucleotide sequence is also present in the intact trpc genome at the attachment site, as shown by analysis of trpc mrna spann ...	1979	378390
isolation of galactose-inducible dna sequences from saccharomyces cerevisiae by differential plaque filter hybridization.	multiple nitrocellulose dna filter replicas of plaques of in vitro generated recombinants of phage lambda and saccharomyces cerevisiae have been screened by hybridization with 32p-labeled cdna probes. these probes were representative of total poly(a)-containing rna of yeast cells grown on acetate, galactose, glucose or maltose. this approach allows the use of specific differences in total rna populations as probes for gene isolation. five "galactose-induced" clones have been isolated. expression ...	1979	378392
dna sequence analysis of tn10 insertions: origin and role of 9 bp flanking repetitions during tn10 translocation.	the sequences of insertions of the translocatable tetracycline-resistance element tn10 into the repressor (cl) gene of bacteriophage lambda have been analyzed. each insertion contains the same discrete set of tn10 sequences flanked by a direct repetition of a 9 bp cl-gene sequence. the flanking repititions are generated by duplication of information present only in the target dna molecule rather than by a campbell-type recombination event between one 9 bp sequence on the target dna and a second ...	1979	378398
identification of initiation sites for the in vitro transcription of rrna operons rrne and rrna in e. coli.	the transcription initiation sites of e. coli rrna operons were determined using various dna fragments derived from transducing phage lambda meta20 carrying rrne and from hybrid plasmid plc19-3 carrying rrna. in vitro transcription products were analyzed for their 5' end sequences and their oligonucleotide compositions. the results are in full agreement with the nuceotide sequences of the dna templates described in an accompanying paper (de boer, gilbert and nomura, 1979) and allow us to make th ...	1979	378406
expression of the cloned uvrb gene of escherichia coli: mode of transcription and orientation.	the escherichia coli uvrb gene, located on a 1.5-megadalton ecori (fragment f, derived from transducing phage lambda b2att2 [lambda b2ci857intam6 delta (bioab)bio-fcd+uvrb+], has been cloned in the unique ecori site of several "relaxed" plasmids, i.e., pmb9, pbr322, and pbh20 (= ;br322, including the lac regulatory elements [k. itakura, t. hirose, r. crea, a. d. riggs, h. l. heyneker, f. bolivar, and h. w. boyer, science 198:1056--1063, 1977]y. expression of the uvrb gene, both on pmb9 and on pb ...	1979	378961
cole1 plasmid incompatibility: localization and analysis of mutations affecting incompatibility.	deletion mutants of plasmid cole1 that involve the replication origin and adjacent regions of the plasmid have been studied to determine the mechanism by which those mutations affect the expression of plasmid incompatibility. it was observed that (i) a region of cole1 that is involved in the expression of plasmid incompatibility lies between base pairs -185 and -684; (ii) the integrity of at least part of the region of cole1 dna between base pairs -185 and -572 is essential for the expression of ...	1979	378980
introduction of bacteriophage lambda into cells of klebsiella aerogenes.	we have shown that a mutation in the cro gene of phage lambda greatly reduces zygotic induction. this observation has allowed us to move this phage on an episome into cells of klebsiella aerogenes where it grows as well as in cells of escherichia coli. this technique should allow the introduction of various derivatives of lambda into any organism which is able to receive deoxyribonucleic acid from e. coli.	1979	378984
isolation and characterization of the host protein groe involved in bacteriophage lambda assembly.		1979	379349
packaging of the bacteriophage lambda chromosome: dependence of cos cleavage on chromosome length.		1979	419690
packaging of the bacteriophage lambda chromosome: a role for base sequences outside cos.		1979	419695
the chick ovomucoid gene contains at least six intervening sequences.	a 15-kilobase pair ecori chick dna fragment, containing both the termination codon uga and the 5'-portion of the structural ovomucoid gene, has been cloned in lambda phage charon 4a by in vitro packaging. restriction mapping and electron microscopic analyses of this cloned dna have revealed that the structural ovomucoid gene sequences are separated by at least six intervening sequences.	1979	423985
regulation of integration by coliphage lambda: activation of int transcription by the cii and ciii proteins.		1979	425325
expression of lambda int gene function in cole1 hybrid plasmids carrying the c fragment of bacteriophage lambda.		1979	425326
[new plasmid vectors containing the regulatory region of phage lambda].		1979	428313
a new site-specific endonuclease from streptomyces lavendulae (slai).	a new restriction-like endonuclease, slai, was found and partially purified from streptomyces lavendulae atcc8664. this endonuclease cleaved bacteriophage lambda dna at only one site, and cytosine-substituted bacteriophage t4 dna at 16 sites. the recognition sequence was determined by using slai fragments of cytosine-substituted bacteriophage t4 dna. the hexanucleotide recognized by slai endonuclease was (formula: see text), with the sites of cleavage as indicated by the arrows. therefore, slai ...	1979	428725
specific repression of in vitro transcription by the cro repressor of bacteriophage lambda.		1979	430561
recombination of bacteriophage phi x174 by the red function of bacteriophage lambda.	recombination of bacteriophage phi x174 was effectively promoted when the red function of lambda was supplied by either co-infection with lambda or induction of lambda lysogens. mutations in red alpha and red beta genes of lambda abolished recombination nearly completely, whereas a mutation in gam gene reduced it only slightly. the red-promoted recombination of phi x174 occurred in reca, recb, and pola mutants as well as in wild-type strains of escherichia coli. it was further stimulated when ph ...	1979	430603
novel bacteriophage lambda mutation affecting lambda head assembly.	a novel phage lambda mutation, called dc10, which interferes with proper lambda head assembly has been isolated and characterized. phage lambda carrying this mutation is (i) unable to form plaques at 30 or 37 degrees c but does so at 42 degrees c and (ii) unable to form plaques at 42 degrees c on pn-constitutive hosts. both properties are due to dc10 since all phage revertants for one phenotype simultaneously lose the other phenotype and vice versa. the dc10 mutation has been mapped in the b gen ...	1979	430610
salt-concentration dependence of melting profiles of lambda phage dnas: evidence for long-range interactions and pronounced end effects.		1979	435606
[induction of mutations in extracellular phage lambda by gamma rays: effect of cysteamine and independence on repair functions in the host cell].		1979	441275
the nu1 gene of coliphage lambda.		1979	442547
operators and promoters in the or region of phage 434.	the or operator region of phage 434 contains three 14 bp blocks with sequence acaaga-a--ttgt which are presumed to be the 434 repressor recognition sites. operator constitutive mutations are located in two of these blocks, while a mutation affecting repressor levels in the lysogenic state is located in the third. two transcripts obtained in vitro, one leftwards and one rightwards, are tentatively identified as the prm and pr transcription starts. the arrangement of the 434 operator region appear ...	1979	450705
physical structures of tn10-promoted deletions and inversions: role of 1400 bp inverted repetitions.	we report here the physical structures of deletions and inversions promoted by the translocatable tetracycline-resistance element tn10. dna/dna heteroduplex and restriction enzyme analyses of alterations in the genome of bacteriophage lambda suggest that both types of dna alterations almost always originate at the internal termini of the 1400 bp terminal inverted repetitions of tn10. tn10-promoted deletions remove a single contiguous dna segment beginning at one such terminus; tn10-promoted inve ...	1979	455446
transcription of the int gene of bacteriophage lambda. new rna polymerase binding site and rna start generated by int-constitutive mutations.		1979	458855
radiochemical identification of the kil gene product of bacteriophage lambda.		1979	462802
interstrand crosslinks in dna of phage lambda after exposure to 8-methoxypsoralen and trimethylpsoralen in the presence of light.	two medically useful photosensitizing furocoumarins, 8-methoxypsoralen (8-mop) and 4,5'8-trimethylpsoralen (tmp) were compared with respect to their abilities to produce interstrand crosslinks in dna. dna from bacteriophage lambda, labeled with 32p, was subjected to sedimentation in alkaline sucrose gradients following exposure to several concentrations of 1 of the 2 psoralens and irradiation (uv-a, 360 nm) for various times. in alkaline sucrose gradients, crosslinked dna molecules sediment abou ...	1979	469276
initiation of coliphage lambda replication, lit, oop rna synthesis, and effect of gene dosage on transcription from promoters pl, pr, and pr.		1979	473600
electrophoretic mobility of high-molecular-weight, double-stranded dna on agarose gels.	a new theoretical model for the migration of high-molecular-weight, double-stranded dna on agarose gels is presented. this leads to the prediction that under certain conditions of electrophoresis, a linear relationship will exist between the molecular weight of a dna molecule, raised to the (-2/3) power, and its electrophoretic mobility. agarose gel electrophoresis of the fragments of bacteriophage lambda dna produced by several restriction endonucleases confirms this relationship, and establish ...	1979	478300
primary structure of an ecori fragment of lambda imm434 dna containing regions ci-cro of phage 434 and cii-o of phage lambda.	digestion of phage lambda imm434 dna with restriction endonuclease ecori yields 7 fragments. the shortest among them (1287 bp) contains the right part of the phage 434 immunity region and the phage dna portion proximal to it. the complete primary structure of this fragment has been determined using the chemical method of dna sequencing. hypothetical amino-acid sequences of proteins coded by the cro gene of phage 434 and the cii gene of phage lambda, as well as nh2-terminal amino-acid sequences o ...	1979	478301
the structure of a repressor: crystallographic data for the cro regulatory protein of bacteriophage lambda.		1979	480362
the reactions of the ecori and other restriction endonucleases.	the reaction of the ecori restriction endonuclease was studied with both the plasmid pmb9 and dna from bacteriophage lambda as the substrates. with both circular and linear dna molecules, the only reaction catalysed by the ecori restriction endonuclease was the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond within one strand of the recognition site on the dna duplex. the cleavage of both strands of the duplex was achieved only after two independent reactions, each involving a single-strand scission. the ...	1979	486086
the linkage arrangement of four rabbit beta-like globin genes.	four different regions of rabbit beta-like globin gene sequences designated beta 1, beta 2, beta 3 and beta 4 were identified in a set of clones isolated from a bacteriophage lambda library of chromosomal dna fragments (maniatis et al., 1978). restriction mapping and blot hybridization (southern, 1975) studies indicate that a subset of these clones containing beta 1 and beta 2 hybridizes to an adult beta-globin cdna clone (maniatis et al., 1976) more efficiently than to a human gamma-globin cdna ...	1979	519768
cloning of bacteriophage t5 dna fragments in plasmid pbr322 and bacteriophage lambda gtwes.	bacteriophage t5 was digested with the restriction endonucleases hindiii and ecori and the resulting fragments were inserted into the plasmid pbr322 and the bacteriophage lambda gtwes as vectors. approx. 15% of the phage genome was recovered in recombinant clones. the recombinants were characterized by restriction analysis, dna/dna hybridization employing southern blots, and ability to complement or recombine with amber mutants of t5. the results obtained allow revisions of the physical map of t ...	1979	535730
[interaction of lambda bacteriophages with mammalian cells. ii. elucidation of the role of interacting components].	the study of 3h-thymidine labelled bacteriophage lambda c185757 uptake by hela, rh and chinese hamster cell revealed the lack of cells or phage specificity in the phage interaction with cells. the phage uptake is shown to be an active process depending on the cell state. the mechanism of "protective" action of calcium chloride is found to be as follows: the calcium phosphate precipitate formed in phosphate-containing media absorbs the phage, thus increasing its concentration on the cell surface, ...	1979	572596
effects of dna sequence non-homology on formation of bacteriophage lambda recombinants.		1979	384000
identification of the c. coli dnak (gropc756) gene product.	the e. coli dnak (gropc756) gene product is essential for bacteriophage lambda dna replication. bacterial dna segments carrying this gene have been cloned onto a bacteriophage lambda vector. the product of the dnak gene has been identified on sds polyacrylamide gels after infection of uv-irradiated e. coli cells. the dnak gene codes for a polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 93,000-mr. transducing phages carrying amber mutations in the dnak gene fail to induce the synthesis of the 93 ...	1979	384143
structure of the malb region in escherichia coli k12. i. genetic map of the malk-lamb operon.	a series of deletions, mu insertions and point mutations affecting the malk-lamb operon have been isolated. they were used to establish a deletion map of this operon, which could be divided in 27 intervals, with 16 in malk and 11 in lamb. one interesting feature of this map is the lack of randomness in the distribution of mu insertions in the lamb gene; by using data published elsewhere on the physical length of the deletion intervals it can be concluded that about 25% of these mu insertions are ...	1979	384166
repair promoted by plasmid pkm101 is different from sos repair.	in e. coli k12 bacteria carrying plasmid pkm101, prophage lambda was induced at uv doses higher than in plasmid-less parental bacteria. uv-induced reactivation per se was less effective. bacteria with pkm101 showed no alteration in their division cycle. plasmid pkm101 coded for a constitutive error-prone repair different from the inducible error-prone repair called sos repair. plasmid pkm101 protected e. coli bacteria from uv damage but slightly sensitized them to x-ray lesions. protection again ...	1979	384220
in vitro transcription by wheat germ ribonucleic acid polymerase ii: effects of heparin and role of template integrity.	double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) from bacteriophage lambda is a good template for wheat germ dna-dependent ribonucleic acid (rna) polymerase ii. we delineated conditions for obtaining maximum polymerase activity using as template both the relatively intact dna extracted from the the lambda phage and dna into which single-strand nicks have been introduced by deoxyribonuclease (dnase) i digestion. the deliberate introduction of nicks produces a modest increase in transcription. the nacl ...	1979	387073
modification of deoxyribonucleic acid by a diol epoxide of benzo[a]pyrene. relation to deoxyribonucleic acid structure and conformation and effects on transfectional activity.	the effects of secondary structure on dna modification by (+/-)-7 beta, 9 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha, 10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzol[a]pyrene [(+/-)bpde i] were investigated. no differences in the total extent of (+/-) bpde i binding to double- and single-stranded calf thymus dna were found. high-performance liquid chromatography (lc) of the nucleoside adducts obtained from hydrolysates of native and denatured calf thymus, as well as from superhelical and linear plasmid dna, indicated tha ...	1979	387082
escherichia coli mutants impaired in maltodextrin transport.	wild-type escherichia coli k-12 was found to grow equally well on maltose and on maltodextrins containing up to seven glucose residues. three classes of mutants unable to grow on maltodextrins, but still able to grow on maltose, were investigated in detail. the first class, already known, was composed of phage lambda-resistant mutants, which lack the outer membrane protein coded by gene lamb. these mutants grow on maltose and maltotriose but not at all on maltotetraose and longer maltodextrins w ...	1979	387714
interaction of bacteriophage k10 with its receptor, the lamb protein of escherichia coli.	the lamb protein of escherichia coli was initially recognized as the receptor for bacteriophage lambda. it is now shown also to constitute the receptor for phage k10. the lamb protein interacts with phage k10 in vitro, but this interaction does not lead to phage inactivation. most lambda-resistant labb mutants are also resistant to k10, and vice versa. however, a significant proportion of the mutants resistant to one of the phages is sensitive to the other. nineteen k10-resistant lambda-sensitiv ...	1979	387746
dnag (primase)-dependent origins of dna replication. nucleotide sequences of the negative strand initiation sites of bacteriophages st-1, phi k, and alpha 3.	the simplest known origins of dna replication occur in the single-stranded bacteriophages. in one set of phages, negative strand synthesis is initiated by a single protein, the product of the escherichia coli replication gene dnag. evidently, in these phages--g4, st-1, phi k, and alpha 3--the origin for negative strand synthesis consists of a nucleic acid element capable of direct recognition by the dnag priming protein. we have located and sequenced the origins of negative strand synthesis in s ...	1979	387790
physical characterisation of the "rac prophage" in e. coli k12.	we confirm the hypothesis of low (1973) that many e. coli k12 strains contain a prophage (the rac prophage) located a few minutes clockwise of the trp operon on the genetic map. we have used restriction endonucleases and 32p-labelled probes to construct a physical map of this prophage. some e. coli k12 strains, including ab1157, have lost the entire prophage, apparently by a specific deletion. this is consistent with prophage excision by site-specific recombination. lambda reverse (lambda rev) p ...	1979	390313
dna sequence of the gene for the outer membrane lipoprotein of e. coli: an extremely at-rich promoter.	the outer membrane lipoprotein is the most abundant protein in an e. coli cell. its structural gene (ipp) was cloned into a lambda phage vector and the nucleotide sequence of a dna fragment of 814 bp encompassing the ipp gene was determined. the promoter region of the gene was found to have the following features. first, a segment of 261 bp preceding the transcription initiation site (-1 to -261) has a very high at content of 70%, in contrast to 53% for the mrna region of 322 bp, 44% for a segme ...	1979	391404
isolation and characterization of transducing phage coding for sigma subunit of escherichia coli rna polymerase.	a transducing phage has been isolated with codes for the sigma subunit of escherichia coli rna polymerase. transducing phage were selected from e. coli shotgun collections of hindiii or sac i fragments cloned into charon 25, a new bacteriophage lambda vector that is capble of forming lyosogens at high temperature. transduction of an e. coli strain carrying a temperature-sensitive mutation in the sigma gene was used for the selection. the positions of restriction sites for sac i, hindiii, xho i, ...	1979	392509
molecular cloning of moloney murine sarcoma virus: arrangement of virus-related sequences within the normal mouse genome.	the unintegrated circular dna form of moloney murine sarcoma virus (msv) has been cloned in bacteriophage lambda. discrete deletions in the viral genome were shown to occur during propagation of recombinant phage in escherichia coli. heteroduplex and restriction enzyme analyses indicated the deletion of tandemly repeated sequences within certain of the cloned msv dna inserts. cloned msv dna was used to prepare a probe composed of its acquired cellular (src) sequences, shown previously to be nece ...	1979	392518
architecture of the outer membrane of escherichia coli k12. iv. relationship between outer membrane particles and aqueous pores.	the hypothesis that intramembraneous particles, observed in the outer membrane of escherichia coli by freeze-fracture electron microscopy, are the morphological representation of aqueous pores, was tested. a mutant which is deficient in five major outer membrane proteins, b, c, d, e and the phage lambda receptor protein, contains a largely decreased number of intramembraneous particles and also shows a greatly decreased rate of uptake of several solutes. in derivatives of this strain which conta ...	1979	394759
construction and characterization of a plasmid coding for a fragment of the escherichia coli reca protein.	the e. coli reca gene was cloned from the phage lambda preca into the vector pbr313. a plasmid, pjl3, was also isolated by cloning a portion of the reca gene into the vector pbr322. pjl3 coded for a fragment of the reca protein 34 kd (kilodaltons) in size (compared to 40 kd for the intact protein). this fragment was antigenically related to the reca protein and its synthesis was subject to the same controls as that of the reca protein. the fragment did not express any detectable reca function. w ...	1979	395410
[repair of recombinant plasmids].	comparative analysis of uv-sensitivity was carried out on plasmids of various molecular weight. recombinant plasmids containing fragments of prokaryotic dna (e. coli, phage lambda) are repaired in e. coli cells more effectively than those containing eukaryotic dna fragments. it was also shown that uv-sensitivity of recombinant plasmids is independent of their molecular weight provided that the active repair process in fact occurs. uv-sensitivity was strongly proporational to dna size only when e ...	1979	398000
relationship of group p1 plasmids revealed by heteroduplex experiments: rp1, rp4, r68 and rk2 are identical.	the molecular relationships of the incp1 plasmids rp1, rp4, r68 and rk2 were tested by electron microscopic examination of heteroduplexes. in several hybridization experiments molecules were detected which had a 7.8% portion of incomplete reannealing. this 'heterologous region' could be explained by the typical renaturation behaviour of the transposon tn1. the identity of the tn1 transposon present in rp1 and rp4 was proved by heteroduplex experiments with lambda phage dna containing this transp ...	1979	120408
[repair of the interstrand cross links in dna: role of restriction system "k"].	the interstrand cross links formed in the dna after psoralenplus light treatment of bacteria e. coli k12 and bacteriophage lambda are repaired by the restriction and modification system "k." strain e. coli c, which does not have the restriction and modification system is 2 times more sensitive to psoralen plus light treatment, than the wild type e. coli k12. but these strains are equally sensitive to inactivation by uv-light (254 nm). by studing the sedimentation of bacterial dna in alkaline suc ...	1979	379609
early intermediates in bacteriophage lambda prohead assembly.		1979	380144
analysis of a new constitutive mutation at ol which deleteriously affects the bacteriophage lambda lytic cycle.		1979	380147
[isolation and properties of dna-cytosine-methyltransferase ecorii and e. coli k12].	the methods of isolation and partial purification of two dna-cytosine-methylases (dc-methylases) ecorii and e. coli k12 are described. after chromatography on phosphocellulose the enzymes were purified 100-fold, the yield being 30%. further purification of the enzymes was performed by sedimentation in a sucrose concentration gradient. both enzymes have native molecular weights of 50,000; dc-methylase from e. coli k12 may simultaneously occur in the forms with molecular weights of 70,000, 90,000 ...	1979	380660
low-molecular-weight substrate for the lysozyme of t4 bacteriophage.	it has been shown that muropeptide cb, the chemically defined product of escherichia coli b murein digestion by phage lambda endolysin, is the substrate for t4 lysozyme. this is the tetrasaccharide glcnac-murnac-glcnac-anmurnac in which the carboxyl groups of murnac and anmurnac residues are substituted by tetrapeptide lala-dglu-msa2pm-dala (murnac = n-acetylmuramic acid, glcnac = n-acetyl-d-glucosamine, anmurnac = 1,6-anhydro-n-acetylmuramic acid, lala = l-alanine, dglu = d-glutamic acid, msa2 ...	1979	380988
a coliphage lambda vector with enhanced biological containment: lambda gtalo.lambda b.	the biological containment of the lambda gt family of cloning vectors has been enhanced by conditionally blocking dna replication as well as head and tail morphogenesis. the vector, lambda gtalo.lambda b, was constructed by crossing the oam29, aama1 and lam439 mutations into lambda gt.lambda b. the mutation blocking phage dna replication, oam29, is suppressed by suii+ or suiii+. the head gene mutation, aama1, is suppressed by suiii+ but not by suii+ and the tail gene mutation, lam439, is suppres ...	1979	381105
the site controlling the specificity of n action is outside the promoter-operator region: a triple hybrid phage lambda n21 imm434nin5.	a short interval of homology between imm lambda, imm434 and imm21 dnas was identified near the leftward promoter-operator region. this homology, denoted hs, was revealed by electron microscopic examination of lambda imm lambda/lambda imm21 and lambda imm434/lambda imm21 heteroduplexes, and permitted us to construct a special lambda hybrid (lambda hyb) which contains the n region of phage 21 and the adjacent imm region from phage 434. this triple hybrid, labmda n21 imm434nin5, was analysed by gen ...	1979	381108
inactivation of bacteriophage lambda by combined x-ray and u.v.-light exposure.	extracellular phage lambda has been successively exposed to x-rays and u.v. light. the plaque-forming ability of the irradiated phages was determined on host cells with different repair capacities. no change in sensitivity was found with a pre-treatment of one type of radiation to lethal damage inflicted by the other. this indicates that a prerequisite for an interaction of different types of radiation is either an active metabolism or repair process occurring during the two radiation exposures.	1979	381227
transduction of bacteriophage lambda by bacteriophage t1.	when bacteriophage t1 was grown on bacteriophage lambda-lysogenic cells, phenotypically mixed particles were formed which had the serum sensitivity, host range, and density of t1 but which gave rise to lambda phage. t1 packaged lambda genomes more efficiently both when the length of the prophage was less than that of wild-type lambda and when the host cell was polylysogenic. expression of the red genes of lambda or the rece system of escherichia coli during t1 growth enhanced pickup of lambda by ...	1979	381686
regulatory functions of the lambda repressor reside in the amino-terminal domain.	the repressor of bacteriophage lambda is a protein containing two domains of approximately equal size. fragments containing the amino-terminal domain of repressor bind specifically to lambda operator dna and mediate positive and negative control of lambda transcription both in vitro and in vivo.	1979	16068162
studies on the functions of dna helicase i and dna helicase ii of escherichia coli.	inactivating antibodies raised against dna helicase i and dna helicase ii were applied to escherichia coli dna-replicating systems. antibody against dna helicase ii was found to inhibit the replication of e. coli dna, lambda phage dna (during early and late phases), and cole1 plasmid dna during the elongation step. the antibody did not inhibit the replication of fd replicative form (rf) dna, the unwinding of which is known to depend on the rep protein. antibody against dna helicase i failed to i ...	1980	6107294
l factor that is required for beta-galactosidase synthesis is the nusa gene product involved in transcription termination.	the dna-dependent in vitro synthesis of escherichia coli beta-galactosidase requires the presence of a soluble protein referred to as l factor [kung, h., spears, c. & weissbach, h. (1975) j. biol. chem. 250, 1556-1562]. in the present study, comparison of physical, immunological, and biological properties shows that l factor is the product of the e. coli nusa gene. the nusa gene product is known to interact with bacteriophage lambda n gene protein and to prevent premature termination of transcr ...	1980	6154941
molecular cloning and characterization of the human beta-like globin gene cluster.	the genes encoding human embryonic (epsilon), fetal (g gamma, a gamma) and adult (delta, beta) beta-like globin polypeptides were isolated as a set of overlapping cloned dna fragments from bacteriophage lambda libraries of high molecular weight (15-20 kb) chromosomal dna. the 65 kb of dna represented in these overlapping clones contains the genes for all five beta-like polypeptides, including the embryonic epsilon-globin gene, for which the chromosomal location was previously unknown. all five g ...	1980	6155216
a biochemical assay for the transcription-antitermination function of the coliphage lambda n gene product.	an in vitro assay has been developed for the antiterminating activity of the n gene product (pn) of bacteriophage lambda, based on the n-dependent stimulation of trp mrna synthesis from the dna templates of lambda trp transducing phages. using this assay system, we show (a) that the stimulation of trp mrna synthesis by pn requires the cis-dominant nutl site on the lambda chromosome and (b) that pn can participate in vitro in the formation of functional antiterminating transcription complexes.	1980	6157602
bacteriophage lambda hin function. i. pleiotropic alteration in host physiology.		1980	6157830
biosynthesis of hepatitis b virus surface antigen in escherichia coli.	hepatitis b is a widespread viral disease. in the absence of cell cultures capable of propagating the virus (hbv) an efficient vaccine has been prepared from viral envelopes isolated from the plasma of chronic carriers. the major polypeptide of the envelope is one of molecular weight 25,000 which carries the surface antigen (hbsag). therefore, the biosynthesis of this polypeptide in escherichia coli may offer an alternative procedure to produce hbsag free from human proteins. recently, the hbv g ...	1980	6157992
the effect of vitamin a on the inductive activity of dimethylsulphoxide on phage lambda.		1980	6158839
expression of human fibroblast interferon gene in escherichia coli.	the human fibroblast interferon gene was inserted in a thermoinducible expression plasmid under control of the phage lambda pl promoter. the primary translation products predicted on the basis of the plasmid constructions were hybrid proteins starting with beta-lactamase or phage ms2 polymerase information followed by the total preinterferon. on induction, antiviral activity, whose physico-chemical, immunological and biological characteristics closely corresponded to those of authentic human fib ...	1980	6159534
subunits of the h+-atpase of escherichia coli. overproduction of an eight-subunit f1f0-atpase following induction of a lambda-transducing phage carrying the unc operon.	the proton-translocating atpase complex (f1f0) of escherichia coli was purified after inductin of a lambda-transducing phage (lambda asn5) carrying the atpase genes of th unc operon. atpase activity of membranes prepared from the induced lambda-unc lysogen was 6-fold greater than the activity of membranes prepared from strains lacking the unc-transducing phage, confirming the report of kanazawa et al. (1979) proc. natl. acad. sci. u. s. a. 76, 1126-1130). the f1f0-atpase complex was purified in ...	1980	6160157