Publications

size distribution of ferret luteal cells during pregnancy.	steroidogenic cells in the corpus luteum of the ferret (mustela putorius) during early (days 6 and 13) to midpregnancy (day 24) were characterized using electron microscopy, immunocytochemical localization of neurophysin, and smears of dispersed cells obtained by dissociating luteal cells with collagenase. the latter were stained for 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-hsd) activity, and the diameters of the cells were determined with an ocular micrometer. very small cells (less than 12 ...	1988	3219387
the effects of peptide histidine isoleucine and neuropeptide y on mucus volume output from the ferret trachea.	1. the effects of peptide histidine isoleucine (phi) and neuropeptide y (npy) were examined on the mucus volume output produced by methacholine and phenylephrine in the ferret whole trachea in vitro. 2. sustained application of methacholine (5 microm) or phenylephrine (20 microm) produced a maintained volume output of mucus from the trachea. both these agonists also increased the output of lysozyme (a marker for serous cell secretion). 3. phi inhibited the maintained mucus volume output produced ...	1988	3219475
effects of rapid application of caffeine on intracellular calcium concentration in ferret papillary muscles.	in this paper we investigate the effects of caffeine (5-20 mm) on ferret papillary muscle. the intracellular ca2+ concentration ( [ca2+]i) was measured from the light emitted by the photoprotein aequorin, which had previously been microinjected into superficial cells. isometric tension was measured simultaneously. the rapid application of caffeine produced a transient increase of [ca2+]i, which decayed spontaneously within 2-3 s and was accompanied by a transient contracture. the removal of extr ...	1988	3225553
isoelectric focusing of ureases from campylobacter pylori and related organisms.	agarose gel isoelectric focusing was used to determine the isoelectric points of ureases from strains of gastric campylobacterlike organisms isolated from ferrets (pi 5.4), baboons (pi 5.7), and pigs (pi 5.9) and from isolates of campylobacter pylori in humans (pi 5.9). this technique may help differentiate these closely related bacteria.	1988	3230144
whole body lymphangioscintigraphy in ferrets chronically infected with brugia malayi.	whole body lymphangioscintigraphy was performed after intradermal injection of 99mtechnetium human serum albumin or antimony colloid in the distal hindlimbs and forelimbs of ferrets chronically infected with brugia malayi. the findings were compared with control ferrets and those with surgical interruption of the iliac lymphatics. while only one infected ferret manifested chronic hindlimb lymphedema, all exhibited delayed transport of radioisotope from the hindpaw with obstruction in the groin, ...	1988	3236904
role of upper respiratory tract infection in the deaths occurring in neonatal ferrets infected with influenza virus.	passive immunization of ferret neonates by colostrally-derived anti-influenza virus igg did not entirely prevent infection when mothers were immunized with 1 or 2 doses of formalin inactivated vaccine with adjuvant (alhydrogel). influenza virus replication was almost completely prevented in the lower respiratory tract but only slightly reduced in the upper respiratory tract leading to deaths in about 50% of the neonates. such neonates showed at most only minor lesions in the lower respiratory tr ...	1988	3237053
reflex responses of vagal efferent fibres influenced by gastrointestinal mechanoreceptors to electrical afferent stimulation in the anaesthetized ferret.	activity was recorded from 188 vagal efferent fibres, 90% of which showed responses to distension of the stomach and duodenum. of thirty fibres tested with single-shock vagal stimulation, reflex action potentials were evoked in fifteen, ranging in latency from 39 to 318 ms. responses at short latency showed little latency-jitter and high response-probability, and those at long latency showed opposite characteristics. this suggests that two pathways are present in the central organization of vaga ...	1988	3237977
desheathing the nodose ganglion is not a reliable method of de-efferentation in the ferret.	the present study reports the results of physiological and anatomical experiments in which the purpose was to determine whether desheathing the nodose ganglion is a reliable method of vagal de-efferentation in the ferret. in physiological studies, the effects of electrically stimulating the treated and untreated vagal nerves on cardiovascular and intestinal responses were examined and compared with previously obtained data after left supranodose vagotomy. the anatomical studies illustrated the e ...	1988	3242504
electrocardiographic values from clinically normal, anesthetized ferrets (mustela putorius furo).	electrocardiograms were recorded from 25 clinically normal male ferrets anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine and from 7 ferrets anesthetized with ketamine alone. ferrets anesthetized with ketamine alone had excessive salivation, open eyes, muscle tremors, muscle twitching, paddling motions, attempts to stand, and an unstable ecg baseline. because ketamine/xylazine combination resulted in induction and good muscle relaxation, the ecg had little interference resulting from muscular movement.	1988	3247910
the negative inotropic effect of acetylcholine on ferret ventricular myocardium.	1. the effects of acetylcholine (ach) on developed tension and intracellular ca2+ concentration (as measured with aequorin) were studied in ferret papillary muscles, and on twitch shortening, the action potential and membrane currents in ferret ventricular myocytes. 2. addition of ach to ferret papillary muscles resulted in decreases in developed tension and the intracellular ca2+ transient, both of which then partially recovered in the continued presence of ach ('fade' of the response). on wash ...	1988	3253444
the effects of changes in muscle length during diastole on the calcium transient in ferret ventricular muscle.	1. ferret papillary muscles were isolated and injected with aequorin to measure intracellular ca2+ concentration [( ca2+]i). developed tension and [ca2+]i were measured in response to length changes. 2. a maintained reduction in muscle length produced an immediate decrease in developed tension followed by slow decline over 10-20 min. this slow decline in tension was accompanied by a slow decline in the amplitude of the systolic [ca2+]i rise (the ca2+ transient). the immediate decrease in tension ...	1988	3254417
antigenic heterogeneity within influenza a (h3n2) virus strains.	on the basis of their antigenic properties, influenza virus strains are classified into types and subtypes, which are further subdivided into variants that differ to various degrees in haemagglutination-inhibition assays. evidence is presented that during infection with an influenza a(h3n2) virus the respiratory tract of a human patient often harbours more than one antigenic virus variant. these variants are frequently propagated by embryonated fowl eggs and monkey cells with different efficienc ...	1988	3260141
purification and initial characterization of a ferret pneumocystis carinii surface antigen.	the purification and initial characterization of a ferret pneumocystis carinii surface glycoprotein is described. previous studies have demonstrated that passive administration of monoclonal antibody recognizing this glycoprotein reduces the severity of p. carinii pneumonitis in animal models of infection. this acidic glycoprotein (approximate isoelectric point, 5.0-5.7) contains both mannose (and/or glucose) and n-acetyl-glucosamine residues. the cross-reactive surface antigen on p. carinii of ...	1988	3262695
nucleolar eccentricity in trigeminal ganglion neurons.	the aim of this study was to determine if measuring trigeminal ganglion neuron profiles containing nucleoli in histological sections gave a reasonable estimation of cell size. serial sections of ferret trigeminal ganglia were prepared, and neuron profiles traced with the aid of a camera lucida. the cross sectional area of the profiles was measured. profiles containing nucleoli formed the upper part of the size spectrum and were significantly larger than the profiles that did not contain nucleoli ...	1988	3264279
neutral endopeptidase and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors potentiate kinin-induced contraction of ferret trachea.	neutral endopeptidase (nep) (enkephalinase, ec 3.4.24.11) and angiotensin converting enzyme (ace) are two peptidases that can cleave the c-terminal dipeptide bradykinin(8-9) from bradykinin. to determine whether these peptidases play roles in modulating kinin-induced contractions in the airways, we studied the effects of captopril, an ace inhibitor, and of leucine-thiorphan and phosphoramidon, two nep inhibitors, on the contractile responses to bradykinin and lysyl-bradykinin in isolated segment ...	1988	3279179
lessons for human influenza from pathogenicity studies with ferrets.	in research on influenza, little attention has been given to factors that determine the patterns of infection in human adults or infants and the severity of disease. ferret influenza has been used to elucidate the following facets of pathogenicity that bear on these questions about human disease: the differential infectivity of virus strains for the upper respiratory tract (urt); the reasons for less severe infection of the lower respiratory tract (lrt) than of the urt; why pneumonia is rare; an ...	1988	3281223
campylobacter-like omega intracellular antigen in proliferative colitis of ferrets.	proliferative colitis in the ferret consistently displays, along with marked proliferation of mucosal cells, intracytoplasmic campylobacter-like organisms within the apical portion of the epithelial cells. fluorescent antibody to "omega" campylobacter antigen present in porcine intestinal adenomatosis and hamster proliferative ileitis was demonstrated at the site of bacterial colonization within hyperplastic epithelial cells of six colons from ferrets affected with proliferative colitis.	1988	3285095
cellular substrate of the histochemically defined striosome/matrix system of the caudate nucleus: a combined golgi and immunocytochemical study in cat and ferret.	in order to learn what morphological substrate might underly the histochemical compartments of the neostriatum, sections of the caudate nucleus and the putamen of cats and ferrets were stained immunocytochemically with antisera directed against several neuropeptides and transmitter-related enzymes and were then golgi-impregnated. adjacent sections were stained to reveal acetylcholinesterase activity to identify the acetylcholinesterase-poor striosomes. the immunostaining produced by several of t ...	1988	2454418
non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic salivary secretion in the ferret.	secretion of parotid and submandibular saliva evoked by electrical stimulation of the parasympathetic nerves occurred in the presence of adrenergic and cholinergic blocking agents. the 'atropine-resistant' response amounted to about 30% in the submandibular gland and to about 5% in the parotid gland as compared to the response before administration of antimuscarinic agents. the 'atropine-resistant' secretion was found at relatively high frequencies, and the latency between the start of the stimu ...	1988	2454500
passive immunoprophylaxis with specific monoclonal antibody confers partial protection against pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in animal models.	pneumocystis carinii is an important cause of pneumonitis in the immunosuppressed host. little is known, however, about the biology of this organism. this report demonstrates that a mab, m5e12, previously shown to be directed against a surface antigen that is present on rat-, rabbit-, ferret-, and human-derived p. carinii, is capable of hindering the development of p. carinii pneumonitis in animal models of this infection when administered throughout the period of immunosuppression. it appears t ...	1988	2454947
decrease in the transmembrane sodium activity gradient in ferret papillary muscle as a prerequisite to the calcium paradox.	sodium-dependent calcium exchange may be an important mediator of calcium reperfusion damage during the calcium paradox phenomenon. we measured intracellular sodium activity with ion-selective electrodes during a 15-min period of calcium reperfusion in isolated ferret papillary muscles. during the calcium-free period, alpha nai increased from 9.0 +/- 0.9 to 18.9 +/- 4.3 mm. with reinstitution of calcium there was a significant contracture. the amount of contracture after calcium reinstitution wa ...	1988	2454951
connections of a vagal communicating branch in the ferret. ii. central projections.	there is increasing interest in the central mechanisms involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal function. the ferret is becoming widely used for research in this area. however, knowledge of the brain stem organization of this species is inadequate. as part of an on-going study designed to provide information regarding the site of termination of abdominal afferents, the central connections of a supradiaphragmatic vagal communicating branch were determined in the ferret through the use of th ...	1988	2456136
the brain stem localization of vagal preganglionic neurones in the ferret, mustela putorius furo.	horseradish peroxidase-wheatgerm agglutinin was injected into the cervical vagus nerve of adult ferrets. efferent fibres coursing in the vagus nerve were shown to originate in the dorsal vagal motor nucleus (dmnx), the nucleus ambiguus (na), a region ventral to the nucleus ambiguus (vna) and the reticular formation between dmnx and na. the distribution of vagal preganglionic neurones in the ferret is compared with data already obtained in similar studies conducted in other mammals.	1988	2456586
tachykinin involvement in parasympathetic nerve-evoked salivation of the ferret.	1. the tachykinin antagonist (d-arg1, d-cl2phe5, asn6, d-trp7.9, nle11)-substance p, injected intravenously, blocked salivary secretion from the ferret parotid and submandibular glands in response to subsequent i.v. injections of the tachykinins, substance p and neurokinin a. 2. the tachykinin antagonist reduced the parasympathetic nerve-evoked secretion of parotid and submandibular saliva by 15-20% and 35-40%, respectively. atropine abolished the remaining secretory response. 3. the 'atropine-r ...	1988	2460178
brl 34915 (cromakalim) activates atp-sensitive k+ current in cardiac muscle.	the mechanism by which the antihypertensive agent brl 34915 (cromakalim) affects action potential duration (apd) and effective refractory period (erp) in isolated cardiac muscle was investigated. brl 34915 (greater than or equal to 3 microm) shortened erp of ferret (mustela putorius furo) and guinea pig (cavia porcellus) papillary muscles in a concentration-dependent fashion. the reduction in erp resulted from a decrease in apd. erp and apd of papillary muscles were also reduced during hypoxia p ...	1988	2460868
calcium oscillations in digitalis-induced ventricular fibrillation: pathogenetic role and metabolic consequences in isolated ferret hearts.	the pathophysiology of the ventricular fibrillation that complicates digitalis intoxication was investigated. in this and other calcium-overload states, oscillations of the intracellular free calcium concentration ([ca2+]i) have been implicated as the cause of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. we addressed two questions: 1) are [ca2+]i oscillations obligatory in the pathogenesis of ventricular fibrillation during digitalis toxicity? 2) what are the metabolic consequences of [ca2+]i oscillations? fer ...	1988	2449298
sexual maturation in the female ferret: circumventing the gonadostat.	the purpose of this study was to examine the role of circulating 17 beta-estradiol in the regulation of pituitary gonadotropin secretion and, hence, ovarian maturation in immature female ferrets. the hypersensitive negative feedback relationship between the ovaries and the hypothalamo-pituitary axis in developing ferrets was disrupted by infusion of a specific antiserum to 17 beta-estradiol. the effect of this treatment on gonadotropin secretion and ovarian morphology was contrasted with that ob ...	1988	2450013
morphology and electrophysiology of the mammalian atrioventricular node.	the av node of those mammalian species in which it has been thoroughly investigated (rabbit, ferret, and humans) consists of various cell types: transitional cells, midnodal (or typical nodal cells), lower nodal cells, and cells of the av bundle. there are at least two inputs to the av node, a posterior one via the crista terminalis and an anterior one via the interatrial septum, where atrial fibers gradually merge with transitional cells. the role of a possible third input from the left atrium ...	1988	2451833
auditory brainstem of the ferret: sources of projections to the inferior colliculus.	the organization of the auditory brainstem in adult, darkly pigmented ferrets was studied by using the retrograde transport of the lectin wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase injected into one inferior colliculus. retrogradely labelled neurons were found bilaterally in every nucleus of the auditory brainstem. the greatest number of labelled neurons was found in the cochlear nuclei contralateral to the injection site, the ipsilateral medial superior olivary nucleus, both lateral superior ...	1988	2453533
passive serum antibody causes temporary recovery from influenza virus infection of the nose, trachea and lung of nude mice.	balb/c normal and nude mice were infected with a non-lethal mouse-passaged a/pc/1/73 (h3n2) influenza virus in order to assess the role of t cells on the course of disease of the nose, trachea and lung. the tracheal epithelium of both mouse strains was desquamated by 3 days after infection. although normal regeneration began, nude mice never completed that regeneration whereas normal mice had fully regenerated tracheas by day 14. this failure to complete the recovery was also evident from the co ...	1988	2832312
subacute toxicity of diethylstilboestrol and hexoestrol in the female rat, and the effects of clomiphene pretreatment.	two groups, each of ten female rats, were orally dosed with the synthetic oestrogens diethylstilboestrol (des; 6 mg/kg day) and hexoestrol (60 mg/kg/day) for 6 wk. a further group of ten animals received clomiphene citrate (2 mg/kg/day) and des (6 mg/kg/day), while two groups, each of ten animals, acted as controls. one animal treated with des died within the 42-day study period. its death was associated with a bleeding disorder related to severe liver damage. the remaining treated animals showe ...	1988	2835297
effects of cyclo- and lipoxygenase inhibitors on hypoxic vasoconstriction in isolated ferret lungs.	to evaluate the role of leukotrienes in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, we measured steady-state pressor responses to graded hypoxia in isolated ferret lungs perfused with autologous blood containing 0.001, 0.03, 1, or 3 mm nordihydroguaiaretic acid (ndga), 1 mm bw 755c, or 0.02-0.05 mm indomethacin. untreated lungs served as controls. perfusate concentrations of thromboxane b2 and 6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha, measured by radioimmunoassay, were markedly reduced in all treated lungs, indicat ...	1988	2835351
functional evidence in diseased human heart fibers for multiple sensitivities of the inotropic ouabain receptor na+,k+-atpase (nka).	through contributions of many investigators from our group at the university of cincinnati medical center, several facts emerged. it is clear that the rat ventricle has 2 inotropic sensitivities to ouabain (grupp et al., 1981), related to high and low affinity ouabain binding sites (adams et al., 1982) and the presence of an appropriate abundance of alpha and alpha + catalytic subunits of nka (young and lingrel, 1987). the rat atria which demonstrate only the low affinity inotropic response (gru ...	1988	2837772
alterations in the course of and histopathologic response to influenza virus infections produced by enflurane, halothane, and diethyl ether anesthesia in ferrets.	alterations in the course of and histopathologic response to influenza viral infections by halothane, enflurane, and diethyl ether anesthesia were evaluated in ferrets. there were no significant differences in the incidence and duration of lethargy, pyrexia, rhinorrhea, or sneezing in infected animals given one of the three anesthetic agents under investigation, compared with those receiving no anesthesia. there were no differences in lung pathology in infected animals given one of the three ane ...	1988	2837925
modulation of cholinergic neurotransmission by vasoactive intestinal peptide in ferret trachea.	we studied the effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) on the contractile responses to electrical field stimulation (efs) in isolated ferret tracheal segments. vip did not change resting tension up to 2 x 10(-7) m, but it showed a biphasic effect on the responses to efs. in concentrations up to 10(-9) m, vip potentiated the response; at higher concentrations vip reduced responses. thus, at a concentration of 10(-9) m, vip decreased the mean (+/- se) log efs frequency, producing 50% of maxi ...	1988	2841273
auditory brainstem of the ferret: effects of unilateral cochlear lesions on cochlear nucleus volume and projections to the inferior colliculus.	unilateral lesions of the right cochlea were made in ferrets aged postnatal day (p)12 to p93. the extent of the lesions was assessed by counting remaining hair cells and ganglion cells in midmodiolar sections through the lesioned cochleas and by comparison with a sample of unlesioned cochleas. the neural effects of the lesions were assessed by measuring the volume of each cochlear nucleus (cn) and by counting the number of neurons in each cn that were retrogradely labeled following injections of ...	1988	2843582
propagation and quantitation of animal herpesviruses in eight cell culture systems.	a comparative study was carried out to determine the relative sensitivities of eight different cell culture systems to six different herpesviruses of animals. the cells used were: ofl (ovine fetal lung), ml (mink lung), fk (ferret kidney), ptk-2 (potoroo kidney), tek (turkey embryo kidney), ed (equine dermal), bt (bovine turbinate), and pk15 (porcine kidney). the viruses tested were: prv (pseudorabies) of swine, cphv (caprine herpesvirus), ibrv (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus), dn-599 s ...	1988	2846231
serum cortisol radioimmunoassay values in the normal ferret and response to acth stimulation and dexamethasone suppression tests.	cortisol values were obtained from 39 ferrets, mustela putorius furo, by using a commercial radioimmunoassay. sera from 25 males (18 intact, 7 neutered) and 14 females (7 intact, 7 spayed) were assayed. resting serum cortisol values ranged from 0.13 to 2.70 micrograms/dl for males (mean = 0.93 +/- 0.63 micrograms/dl), and 0.55 to 1.84 micrograms/dl for females (mean = 0.86 +/- 0.29 microgram/dl). the resting cortisol values of both males and females were comparable to those of the cat (1.0 to 3. ...	1988	2846957
the anti-emetic potential of the 5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor antagonist brl 43694.	in ferrets, the selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) 5-ht3 receptor antagonist brl 43694 given as a single injection (0.05-0.5 mg kg-1 i.v.) before cisplatin, or by divided dose (2 x 0.005-2 x 0.5 mg kg-1 i.v.) before and after cisplatin dramatically reduced or abolished the severe cisplatin-induced vomiting. brl 43694 also substantially reduced the vomiting induced by cyclophosphamide:doxorubicin, and prevented the trimelamol-induced emesis. the severe emesis caused by whole body exposure to x- ...	1988	2851311
two molecular forms of na+,k+-atpase in the ferret heart and developmental changes in digitalis sensitivity.		1988	2851821
cardiac na+,k+-atpase isoenzymes: sensitivity to prednisolone bisguanylhydrazone.	prednisolone-3,20-bisguanylhydrazone (pbgh), a steroid derivative, has been shown to inhibit na+,k+-atpase isolated from guinea-pig heart or kidney in concentrations significantly lower than those required to inhibit the enzyme obtained from other sources. because na+,k+-atpases obtained from guinea-pig heart or kidney are predominantly of the alpha isoform, the hypothesis that pbgh selectively inhibits the alpha isoform over alpha (+) isoform of the enzyme was tested. sodium dodecylsulfate poly ...	1988	2854075
rapid regulation of the 'second inward current' by intracellular calcium in isolated rat and ferret ventricular myocytes.	1. single cells were isolated from the ventricles of ferret and rat hearts. cells were voltage clamped using a single conventional microelectrode. membrane voltage, membrane currents and cell length were monitored. 2. the current elicited by decreasing the membrane potential from a holding potential of -40 or -45 mv to potentials more positive than -20 mv was abolished by d600, by cd2+ and by removal of ca2+ from the cell superfusate. this current activated within 20 ms and inactivated over seve ...	1988	2855743
an outbreak of post-vaccinal suspected distemper-like encephalitis in farmed ferrets (mustela putorius furo).	two outbreaks of an encephalitis apparently induced by an attenuated live distemper vaccine occurred in a large ferret breeding establishment in new zealand. approximately 350 of 6,000 young ferrets 16-22 weeks old died. many were found dead with no premonitory signs, others showed severe neurological signs. some with central nervous system (c.n.s.) signs recovered. pathological examination showed no gross abnormalities except for a few with mild conjunctivitis, rhinitis and lung emphysema. micr ...	1988	16031485
use of predator odors as repellents to reduce feeding damage by herbivores : iv. northern pocket gophers (thomomys talpoides).	this study investigated the influence of the major anal-gland compounds from the stoat (mustela erminea) and ferret (m. putorius) in generating an avoidance response by northern pocket gophers (thomomys talpoides) in tree fruit orchards in the okanagan valley of british columbia, canada. a secondary objective assessed the impact of additional predator odors on gopher avoidance behavior in laboratory bioassays. in field bioassays, a 1: 1 mixture of 2-propylthietane and 3-propyl-1,2-dithiolane, as ...	1988	24277016
an anomaly in the auditory brain stem projections of hypopigmented ferrets.	the number of cochlear nucleus (cn) neurones projecting to the ipsi- and contralateral inferior colliculus (ic) was studied in darkly pigmented and hypopigmented ferrets by the retrograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase. the contralateral projection in all divisions of the cn of both albino and 'red eyed' ferrets was normal. however, the ipsilateral projection from the anteroventral cn was significantly smaller in albino than in pigmented ferrets. the volume of each div ...	1988	3198516
experimentally induced visual projections into auditory thalamus and cortex.	retinal cells have been induced to project into the medial geniculate nucleus, the principal auditory thalamic nucleus, in newborn ferrets by reduction of targets of retinal axons in one hemisphere and creation of alternative terminal space for these fibers in the auditory thalamus. many cells in the medial geniculate nucleus are then visually driven, have large receptive fields, and receive input from retinal ganglion cells with small somata and slow conduction velocities. visual cells with lon ...	1988	2462279
more on ferrets as pets.		1988	3192469
a tethered-restraint system for blood collection from ferrets.		1988	3193763
ferrets as pets.		1988	3403344
differential effects of testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and oestradiol-17 beta on plasma concentrations of lh in castrated ferrets.	the biological activity of testosterone often depends on the conversion of testosterone within the target cell to an androgenic or oestrogenic metabolite. the purpose of this study was to compare the relative ability of testosterone and two of its metabolites, dihydrotestosterone (dht) and oestradiol, to suppress lh secretion in castrated male ferrets. castrated ferrets were treated with five different doses of steroid by implanting various numbers of s.c. silicone elastomer capsules packed with ...	1988	3392501
minimum alveolar concentrations (mac) of halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane in ferrets.	the minimum alveolar concentrations (mac) of isoflurane, enflurane, and halothane were determined in adult male ferrets during controlled ventilation at normothermia (37 degrees c). mean (+/- sd) mac values for isoflurane (n = 8), enflurane (n = 8), and halothane (n = 8) at 37 degrees c were 1.52 +/- 0.10%, 1.99 +/- 0.18%, and 1.01 +/- 0.10%, respectively. halothane mac was reduced by 26% in the presence of 70% n2o. at 29.9 +/- 0.2 degrees c, the mean mac value of halothane (0.85 +/- 0.11%) was ...	1988	3369718
severe facial injuries to infants due to unprovoked attacks by pet ferrets.	three infants were attacked by pet ferrets and sustained severe facial injuries. two of the children had their ears bitten off and required reconstructive surgery. the attacks were unprovoked. two of the children were asleep in their cribs when they were bitten. although ferrets are increasingly popular pets, we believe that they are not suitable pets for families with small children. physicians should be aware that ferrets may unpredictably injure infants and that no effective rabies vaccine fo ...	1988	3346981
a study of cerebellar cortical involvement in motor learning using a new avoidance conditioning paradigm involving limb movement.	these experiments were performed to examine the relationship between the simple and complex spike responses of 3-5 simultaneously recorded purkinje cells during the acquisition, performance and extinction of a conditioned forelimb movement in decerebrate, unanesthetized ferrets. the data demonstrate parallel, correlated changes in simple and complex spike responses throughout the experimental period. since the evaluated purkinje cells were examined in the cerebellar cortical region that contains ...	1988	3365554
developmental plasticity in the visual and auditory representations in the mammalian superior colliculus.	environmental factors play an important role in certain aspects of the development of sensory systems. but the way in which the maturation of different sensory modalities is coordinated is poorly understood. we have investigated this question neurophysiologically in the mammalian superior colliculus (sc), which contains topographically aligned maps of visual and auditory space. we report here that an essentially normal auditory map, in approximate register with the visual map, is found in the sc ...	1988	3347247
a simple technique for chronic jugular catheterization in ferrets.		1988	3367631
effect of birth on plasma testosterone, brain aromatase activity, and hypothalamic estradiol in male and female ferrets.	the present studies examined the patterns of circulating testosterone (t) within 0-24 h after birth in male and female ferrets along with concomitant changes in neural aromatase activity and hypothalamic concentrations of estradiol (e2). plasma and brain samples were obtained 0 and 2 h (cesarean delivery) or 0, 2, 12, and 24 h (natural delivery) after birth. plasma t levels were significantly higher in male neonates 2 h after birth than at 0 h in both cesarean-delivered (9.48 +/- 1.25 vs. 3.37 + ...	1988	3338412
immunocytochemical localization of hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in male ferrets.	lhrh-containing neurons within the hypothalamus were immunocytochemically identified in adult male ferrets that were either gonadally intact, castrated, or castrated and treated with testosterone. the distribution of lhrh-immunopositive neuron cell bodies was similar in the three treatment groups. the majority of these cells was located mediobasally in the retrochiasmatic area, including some within the ventrolateral aspects of the arcuate nucleus. these soma were associated with a dense basal l ...	1988	3285966
a new conditioning paradigm: conditioned limb movements in locomoting decerebrate ferrets.	these experiments address the hypothesis that the trajectory of a forelimb in decerebrate ambulating ferrets can be conditioned to avoid an obstacle encountered during the locomotor cycle. the perturbation was produced by interjecting a bar into the trajectory of the forelimb during swing phase. over 5-15 steps the flexion of the elbow progressively increased until the forelimb was elevated over the bar. avoiding the bar often required that the maximum height of the paw during swing phase was do ...	1988	3340324
interaction of contact velocity and cord compression in determining the severity of spinal cord injury.	rate, depth, and duration of compression are the principal determinants of experimental spinal cord injury (sci) severity. since existing models do not allow independent control of these variables, the interaction of these factors has not been fully elucidated. the purpose of this study was to define the interactive relation of velocity (v) and compression (c) in sci using a constrained stroke pneumatic impactor that allowed independent control of these variables. computer simulation of previous ...	1988	3246693
effect of systemic nicotine on mucus secretion from tracheal submucosal glands and on cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematologic variables.	to investigate effects of systemic nicotine on mucus secretion from tracheal submucosal glands we anesthetized 13 ferrets (5 male, 8 female; average weight 1138 +/- 469 g, mean +/- sd) with pentobarbital (initial dose, 62 +/- 26, total dose, 90 +/- 26 mg/kg), cannulated the jugular vein for i.v. application of infusions and drugs and cannulated the femoral artery for determination of blood pressure, heart rate, blood cells, and blood gases. we opened the thorax, cannulated the trachea 1 cm above ...	1988	3184774
stimulation of submucosal glands by nicotine applied locally to the airway mucosa.	chronic bronchitis is characterized by hypersecretion of mucus and is caused by cigarette smoking. we investigated the effect of nicotine on mucus secretion from tracheal submucosal glands, applying nicotine to the airway mucosa in vitro. we anesthetized 50 ferrets with pentobarbital (66 mg/kg), excised their tracheae and mounted tracheal segments in ussing chambers. we added 50 microci na(2)35so4 (35s) to the submucosal side and determined nondialyzable 35s in medium collected from the luminal ...	1988	3184773
dynamics of intercellular communication and differentiation in a rapidly developing mammalian airway epithelium.	a considerable body of data suggests that gap junctions represent channels that facilitate intercellular communication, thereby modulating growth and development. however, direct quantitative evidence supporting such a structure/function relationship is limited. this study has identified a new model in the rapidly developing tracheal epithelium of infant ferrets wherein gap junction prevalence and intercellular transfer of a fluorescent, low molecular weight dye, epithelial cell incorporation of ...	1989	2637755
proliferative colitis in ferrets: epithelial dysplasia and translocation.		1989	2603333
prolactin or dopamine mediates the induction of puberty by long days in female ferrets.	the role of prl in sexual maturation of female ferrets was examined in these studies. longitudinal profiles of prl secretion were obtained by thrice weekly blood sampling of intact female ferrets undergoing photoperiod-stimulated development as well as age-matched control females which remained in nonstimulatory short days. two additional groups of intact females, one in each photocycle, were treated with the dopamine agonist drug bromocriptine throughout the study. the relationship between deve ...	1989	2507293
ferrets and the profession.		1989	2815525
proven or potential zoonotic diseases of ferrets.		1989	2676931
early monocular enucleations in fetal ferrets produce a decrease of uncrossed and an increase of crossed retinofugal components: a possible model for the albino abnormality.	the terminal distributions of retinofugal axons to geniculate laminae or cell groups have been studied in monocular ferrets that had had one eye removed on the 28th or 29th day of intrauterine life and survived until the end of the fourth postnatal week. normally pigmented and albino animals were studied and the patterns of retinogeniculate terminations in these were compared with earlier accounts of the patterns that develop normally or after a monocular enucleation on the day of birth. birth n ...	1989	2606796
evaluation of a combination of tiletamine and zolazepam as an anesthetic for ferrets.	a combination of equal parts by weight of tiletamine hyrochloride and zolazepam hydrochloride was evaluated clinically in 12 adult male ferrets. two dosage levels of 12 mg/kg and 22 mg/kg were evaluated. both doses produced excellent immobilization, the length of which was dose dependent. however, only the higher dose consistently produced good muscle relaxation. excessive pain upon infection was not noted nor was residual lameness evident. electrocardiagraphically, notching of the qrs complex w ...	1989	2724926
semen characteristics and testosterone profiles in ferrets kept in a long-day photoperiod, and the influence of hcg timing and sperm dilution medium on pregnancy rate after laparoscopic insemination.	five domestic ferrets previously maintained for 12 weeks under a 16l:8d photoperiod were electroejaculated weekly for 15-65 weeks while continuing to be exposed to the prolonged light cycle. two ferrets sustained spermatogenesis for 20 and 26 weeks, while sperm production in the remaining males either was sporadic or decreased, remained depressed and then increased to peak levels observed in other males. regardless of the temporal spermatogenesis patterns within males, the number of electroejacu ...	1989	2526874
pet ferrets--a hazard to public health and wildlife.		1989	2735056
attack ferrets?		1989	2918650
effects of soman and its antidotes on tracheal mucociliary transport of ferrets.	the purpose of this study was to examine the role of acetylcholinesterase on mucociliary transport by use of a potent anticholinesterase agent, soman, and potential antagonists, atropine (muscarinic antagonist) and pralidoxime (acetylcholinesterase reactivator). initial measurements of mucociliary transport rate were obtained in anesthetized ferrets at 30-min intervals for 5.5 h. these rates remained constant at a mean of 18.2 +/- 1.0 (se) mm/min. we studied the effects of intravenously administ ...	1989	2496095
scent lures from anal sac secretions of the ferretmustela furo l.	a bioassay of eight synthetic anal sac compounds showed that ferrets were most attracted to a mixture of 2-propylthietane andtrans- andcis-2,3-dimethylthietane. this mixture was used as the basis of an artificial scent lure. trapping experiments used two traps at each site. in comparing trap success, ferrets chose artificial lure in preference to no odor, and chose both food baits and natural-product anal sac odor over artificial lure. however, the effectiveness of artificial lure was demonstrat ...	1989	24271444
guardians, ferrets and defilers of the treasure: the masson-freudians controversy.		1989	11621786
pharmacological and anti-emetic properties of ondansetron.	three main types of 5-ht (serotonin) receptor have been recognised. the 5-ht3 receptor is located on neuronal tissues in the peripheral and central nervous systems. ondansetron is a highly selective and potent antagonist for this receptor type. the severe nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic agents and radiotherapy can be reduced by metoclopramide treatment, but extrapyramidal side effects are common due to antagonism of dopamine receptors. ondansetron has been found to significantly delay th ...	1989	2533894
canine parainfluenza virus-induced encephalitis in ferrets.	young seronegative ferrets were intracerebrally inoculated with a neurotropic strain of canine parainfluenza (cpi) virus and serially killed at intervals after infection for subsequent viral immuno-peroxidase, light microscopical and scanning electron microscopical evaluation. the cpi virus infection resulted in a self-limiting non-suppurative ependymitis and choroiditis with associated ependymal cell degeneration. these changes were accompanied by paraventricular and perivascular cellular infil ...	1989	2537347
hyperadrenocorticism in association with an adrenocortical adenoma in a pet ferret.		1989	17423213
hyperadrenocorticism in a ferret.		1989	17423314
splenic lymphosarcoma in a ferret.		1989	17423382
effect of sex, intrauterine position and androgen manipulation on the development of brain aromatase activity in fetal ferrets.	abstract experiments were conducted to explore the possible relationship between testicular androgen secretion and the development of brain aromatase activity in fetal ferrets. aromatase activity in the preoptic+mediobasal hypothalamus and temporal lobe was similar in fetuses of both sexes between embryonic days 26 and 36 even though whole body androgen content was invariably higher in males than females. whole body androgen content was significantly higher in females located caudally (downstrea ...	1989	19210439
neutral endopeptidase inhibitors potentiate substance p-induced contraction in gut smooth muscle.	to determine the role of endogenous neutral endopeptidase (nep), also called enkephalinase (ec 3.4.24.11), in regulating tachykinin-induced contraction of gut smooth muscle, we studied the effects of nep inhibitors on the contractile responses to substance p (sp) in isolated longitudinal strips of ileum or duodenum in rats and ferrets. leucine-thiorphan and phosphoramidon shifted the concentration-response curves of sp to lower concentrations in all tissues studied, but the sensitivity to sp was ...	1989	2463769
a comparison of sperm morphology and silver nitrate staining characteristics in the domestic ferret and the black-footed ferret.	ejaculated sperm from the domestic ferret (mustela putorius furo) and the black-footed ferret (mustela nigripes) were compared for differences in morphological abnormalities and argentophilic protein distribution. thawed domestic ferret sperm was also compared to fresh sperm to determine whether there were any effects on cell morphology due to cryopreservation. there were statistically significant differences between the two species of ferret in two of the categories scored. the domestic ferret ...	1989	2465262
shifting retinal maps in the development of the lateral geniculate nucleus.	during development, the bilateral projections from each eye to subcortical visual structures in the mammal initially overlap throughout the majority of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dlgn) and superior colliculus (sc) before retracting to their separate territories. it has been shown in the ferret that during this period the larger contralateral retinal projection to both the dlgn and sc is retinotopically organised. by making small retinal lesions, and then anterogradely labelling the r ...	1989	2470530
acetylcholinesterase on the dendrites of central cholinergic neurons: an electron microscopical study in the ferret.	a combination of choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry and acetylcholinesterase histochemistry was used to characterize the ultrastructural distribution of acetylcholinesterase in identified cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons in the ferret brain. previous studies have shown that most of the cholinergic input to the brain arises from choline acetyltransferase-positive neurons found in the neostriatum, basal forebrain and dorsolateral pontine tegmentum. in all these cells intense sta ...	1989	2474771
the transport of albumin across the ferret in vitro whole trachea.	1. the whole trachea of the ferret has been isolated in vitro in an organ bath and used to study the transport of bovine serum albumin (bsa) and two dextrans (70,000 and 9000 da) from external buffer solution to air-filled lumen, assessed by fluorescent-labelled tracers. 2. in control conditions, when mucus secretion was not stimulated by drugs, the concentration of albumin in the lumen was over half that in the buffer, and about six times greater than those of the two dextrans. 3. methacholine ...	1989	2476558
positive inotropic and hemodynamic properties of flosequinan, a new vasodilator, and a sulfone metabolite.	flosequinan, a new orally active vasodilator, and its sulfone metabolite were evaluated for inotropic activity in isolated ferret papillary muscles and pentobarbital anesthetized open-chest dogs. in vitro, flosequinan and its sulfone derivative increased tension development in a concentration-dependent manner (1-50 microm) in electrically stimulated papillary muscles pretreated with the beta-adrenergic blocking agent atenolol (2 microm). peak increases in tension of 75 +/- 17%, and 111 +/- 46% w ...	1989	2476620
terminal arbors of single on-center and off-center x and y retinal ganglion cell axons within the ferret's lateral geniculate nucleus.	the lateral geniculate nucleus of the ferret contains not only eye-specific layers, but a further subdivision of layers a and a1 into inner and outer sublaminae that contain, respectively, on-center and off-center cells (stryker and zahs, '83). to study how the arbors of single retinal ganglion cell axons correlate with these cellular divisions, we have examined the morphology of physiologically classified retinal axons in the ferret's lateral geniculate nucleus. as in cats, we could classify re ...	1989	2477415
lateral nasal gland secretion in the anesthetized ferret.	in anesthetized ferrets, we cannulated the duct of the lateral nasal gland for direct collection of glandular liquid. administration of methacholine and substance p into the internal carotid artery via a retrograde cannulation of the lingual artery produced a dose-dependent increase in glandular output. the dose-response curve to methacholine was significantly shifted to the right by atropine. the secretory response to substance p was only partially inhibited by atropine at the dose that complet ...	1989	2481668
receptors mediating the effects of substance p and neurokinin a on mucus secretion and smooth muscle tone of the ferret trachea: potentiation by an enkephalinase inhibitor.	1. the effects of substance p (sp) and neurokinin a (nka) were examined on tracheal smooth muscle tone, mucus volume output, lysozyme output and albumin transport across the ferret in vitro whole trachea in the presence and absence of the enkephalinase inhibitor, thiorphan. 2. sp (0.001-3 microm) and nka (0.01-10 microm) contracted the tracheal smooth muscle and increased mucus volume, lysozyme and albumin outputs into the tracheal lumen. the ec50 values for sp and nka for all of the variables m ...	1989	2482101
effects of neurokinins on ion transport and sulfated macromolecule release in the isolated ferret trachea.	the secretory actions of substance p (sp) were studied by examining its effects on ion transport and sulfated macromolecule release in the isolated ferret trachea. responses to serosally administered sp were unmasked by thiorphan, suggesting that sp administered by this route was degraded by neutral endopeptidase. therefore, the serosal actions of neurokinins and neurokinin analogues were studied in tissues pretreated with thiorphan. in thiorphan-treated tissues, sp dose-dependently increased th ...	1989	2482171
secretion of protein from salivary glands in the ferret in response to vasoactive intestinal peptide.	1. secretory responses of ferret parotid and submandibular glands were investigated in the presence of muscarinic, alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents. 2. in pentobarbitone-anaesthetized animals i.v. doses of vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) failed to elicit overt secretion of saliva from either gland. 3. however, an occult secretion of protein occurred in response to vip from both types of gland. this was revealed by means of a subsequent i.v. wash-out injection of substance p, whic ...	1989	2484205
mast cell tryptase and chymase reverse airway smooth muscle relaxation induced by vasoactive intestinal peptide in the ferret.	recent evidence suggests that nonadrenergic airway relaxation may be controlled by vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip). the magnitude and duration of smooth muscle relaxation in response to vip may be influenced by rates of peptide degradation after release from efferent peptidergic neurons. to explore the potential role of mast cell mediators in modulating neural control of airway tone, we studied the effect of the mast cell proteases tryptase and chymase on airway smooth muscle relaxation indu ...	1989	2495355
electromechanical effects of leukotriene d4 on ferret tracheal muscle and its muscarinic responsiveness.	we investigated the possible electrophysiological processes by which leukotriene d4 (ltd4) affects airway smooth muscle and its responsiveness to acetylcholine (ach). for study in vitro, preparations of ferret tracheal muscle (dissected free of overlying mucosal and submucosal layers) were used. these preparations were arranged so that force transducers and glass intracellular microelectrodes (having tip resistances of 35-60 megohm) could be used to measure isometric force generation and cell me ...	1989	2500569
cell calcium in the pathophysiology of ventricular fibrillation and in the pathogenesis of postarrhythmic contractile dysfunction.	the mechanism of ventricular fibrillation is poorly understood at the cellular level. we explored the role of intracellular free calcium in the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of ventricular fibrillation in perfused ferret hearts loaded with the ca2+ indicator 5f-bapta. nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure [ca2+]i, ph, and high-energy phosphates. during ventricular fibrillation induced by burst pacing, [ca2+]i rose rapidly and dramatically, exceeding by four times the con ...	1989	2502327
hormonal induction of oestrus and pregnancy in anoestrous ferrets (mustela putorius furo).	three doses of fsh were tested for their ability to induce oestrus in ferrets. a dose of 0.25 mg, administered twice daily, induced oestrus and breeding in most females within 6-13 days. addition of 5 i.u. hcg during the final stages of follicular development enhanced the percentage of females with implantation sites (85%), and 23% of the ferrets so treated gave birth to kits, none of which survived for more than 3 days. this may have been due to insufficient prolactin secretion and thus inadequ ...	1989	2502620
sarcocystis sp. in mountain goats (oreamnos americanus) in washington: prevalence and search for the definitive host.	during october and november 1986, sarcocystis sp. was detected in 24 of 56 (43%) tongues from hunter-killed mountain goats (oreamnos americanus) in washington (usa). sarcocysts had an unusual sessile polyp-shaped branched wall. mean size of 154 sarcocysts was 71.3 x 37.8 microns (range, 20 to 248 x 10 to 120 microns), and the mean intensity was 2.3 (range, 1 to 28). in an attempt to identify the definitive host, infected tongues were fed to four coyotes (canis latrans), eight domestic dogs, four ...	1989	2509738
calcium and its role in myocardial cell injury during ischemia and reperfusion.	direct measurements of intracellular free ca2+ concentration ([ca2+]i) were obtained during ischemia and reperfusion in ferret hearts loaded with the ca2+ indicator, the 5,5'-difluoro derivative of 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-n,n,n',n',-tetraacetic acid. during 15 minutes of ischemia at 37 degrees c, time-averaged [ca2+]i increased significantly and decreased rapidly during reperfusion. in contrast to metabolic inhibition in isolated muscle or cells, the increase in [ca2+]i during true ischemi ...	1989	2513146
serologic response of domestic ferrets (mustela putorius furo) to canine distemper and rabies virus vaccines.	nine unrelated 12-week-old naive domestic ferrets (mustela putorius furo) were used to evaluate the serologic responses to commercial canine distemper virus (cdv) and rabies virus (rv) vaccines. five of the ferrets (group 1) were inoculated 3 times at 2-week intervals with a multivalent modified-live virus vaccine of canine cell-line origin, containing cdv and an inactivated rv vaccine. four of the ferrets (group 2) were inoculated once with the multivalent modified-live virus vaccine containing ...	1989	2537273
hyperinsulinism and hypoglycemia associated with pancreatic islet cell tumor in a ferret.	pancreatic islet cell tumor causing hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinism was diagnosed in a ferret with a history of progressive neurologic dysfunction. the diagnosis was suspected by the findings of hypoglycemia when the ferret was not fed, hyperinsulinism, and an amended insulin/glucose ratio approaching infinity. a focal pancreatic mass was removed by partial pancreatectomy, resulting in euglycemia and the resolution of clinical signs. histologic diagnosis of the pancreatic mass was consistent wi ...	1989	2537277
auditory brain stem of the ferret: some effects of rearing with a unilateral ear plug on the cochlea, cochlear nucleus, and projections to the inferior colliculus.	to examine the influence of acoustic experience on the development of the mammalian auditory brain stem, darkly pigmented ferrets were reared with a plug inserted in the right outer ear. the plugs were first inserted on postnatal day 23-34 and produced a variable, frequency-dependent attenuation of up to 60 db. between 3-15 months after the ear plug was begun, animals were prepared for physiological recording and injection of wheat germ agglutinin-hrp (wga-hrp) in the left inferior colliculus (i ...	1989	2539441