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experimental trichinella spiralis infection in sheep.during susceptibility studies of non-specific hosts, three merino sheep were infected with 3000, 5000 or 7000 trichinella spiralis larvae by gavage. clinical, physiological and serological parameters were assessed during the experiment. on the 152nd day p.i., animals were necropsied and, using artificial digestion methods, numbers of trichinella larvae in muscle tissues were determined. the most infected parts were masseters with 3122 larvae g-1 muscle, 5526 larvae g-1 muscle and 4058 larvae g-1 ...19911763480
intestinal mucus entrapment of trichinella spiralis larvae induced by specific antibodies.entrapment of muscle larvae (ml) occurred in vitro when antibodies specific for trichinella spiralis were added directly to intestinal mucus from normal non-immunized rats or when mucus was collected from pups suckling a t. spiralis-infected dam. normal rat serum immunoglobulins failed to promote mucus entrapment and complement did not appear to play a part in the entrapment process. differences were not observed in the efficiency of entrapment of ml by mucus harvested from different regions of ...19911769701
the role of the antibody fc region in rapid expulsion of trichinella spiralis in suckling rats.when an igg2c monoclonal antibody specific for trichinella spiralis muscle stage larvae was cleaved with pepsin to yield f(ab')2 fragments, the latter retained their capacity to cause mucus entrapment and rapid expulsion of larvae from the intestines of suckling rats. when fed to pups, the f(ab')2 fragments of this antibody and the f(ab')2 fragments of a similarly prepared igg2a antibody caused mucus entrapment of muscle larvae (ml), demonstrating that trapping is not dependent upon the fc regio ...19911769702
the relationship between intestinal location and fecundity in adult trichinella spiralis.adult female worms recovered from the jejunum of rats infected per os with 1000 larvae of trichinella spiralis were significantly more fecund (peak jejunal fecundity = 35.7 +/- 3.1 newborn larvae per female) than females recovered from the terminal ileum (9.3 +/- 4.1 larvae per female) in the same infections. the majority of the adult worms were established in those sections of the small intestines that produced the most fecund females (r = 0.92; p less than 0.05). worm fecundity is believed to ...19911774121
investigations with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for trichinella spiralis and toxoplasma gondii in the dutch 'integrated quality control for finishing pigs' research project.in the framework of the dutch field trial 'integrated quality control (iqc) for finishing pigs' elisa (screening) techniques were used to detect animals seropositive for toxoplasma gondii and/or trichinella spiralis. the aim was to determine whether farms which consistently delivered seropositive pigs could be detected and monitored (defined as 'problem farms'). the investigation involved 120 farms and three slaughterhouses, and a total of 23,348 serum samples were examined. in addition, all pig ...19911776233
[effects of immunoactivity on ascaris suum infection in mice].the immune response to sheep red blood cell (srbc) was monitored in the mice infected with ascaris suum or trichinella spiralis. the effects of the infection with t. spiralis or the injection with cyclophosphamide(cy) as an immunosuppression agent prior to challenge infection with the embryonated eggs of a. suum were monitored in mice by means of the level of infection with a. suum and cellular and humoral immune response to srbc. following the oral administration of 1,000 eggs of a. suum to mic ...19911786254
[the fatty acids of trichinellae].the composition of fatty acids of lipids in the muscles of rats and larvae of trichinella spiralis and t. nativa developing in them were studied. both species are characterized by practically the same composition of fatty acids, only in the frost-resistant species t. nativa there was a sufficient amount (up to 3.5%) of docosapenta- and docosahexaenic acids (22:5 and 22:6). the comparison of the content of individual fatty acids in larvae and in muscles of the host by means of statistical correla ...19911792101
study of immune defence against trichinella spiralis in bcg treated mice.in vivo and in vitro studies were performed to determine the effect of bcg- activated macrophages on 2-hour-old newborn larvae (nbl2) of trichinella spiralis. in vitro studies were done by the technique of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) using peritoneal cells of balb/c mice which had been treated with bcg 4-6 days before. no significant differences were found between the percentage of mortality caused by cells from treated animals and that corresponding to the untreated ones (co ...19911799166
the effects of maternal ethanol consumption on the distribution of leukocyte subsets in the lactating mammary gland of rats.significant immunological protection is provided to the newborn by the transfer of maternal leukocytes during nursing. the objective of this study was to determine if ethanol ingestion altered the distribution of t, b and accessory cells in the mammary glands of normal rats or in rats infected with trichinella spiralis (t. spiralis). in addition, female rats were fed either lieber/decarli regular (18% protein) or higher protein (25% protein) ethanol-containing liquid diets for pregnant or lactat ...19911804141
[the resistance of muscle larvae of trichinella spiralis to exposure to low temperatures].it has been shown that the resistance of muscular larvae of trichinella spiralis to the effect of low temperatures depends on the conditions of freezing and composition of media possessing cryoprotective properties. it has been established that under optimal conditions (medium of microenvironment, conditions of freezing) during the storage in liquid nitrogen muscular larvae of t. spiralis preserve 50 to 60% of their resistance by the character of mobility and 11 to 15% by their capacity for repr ...19911813846
[the composition of the peripheral blood in white mice infected with trichinella spiralis and trichinella pseudospiralis].the study of the peripheral blood response in mice with an experimental t. spiralis infection from the 1 to the 60 days of the latter showed leucocytosis, lymphomonocytosis and neutropenia maximal at the 21--35 days of the infection along with hyperthrombocytosis and esr elevation, with the subsequent declination up to the end of the supervision. in experimental p. pseudospiralis infection lymphomonocytosis and esr levels were comparatively lower but eosinophilia was significantly higher.19911818247
[evaluation of 2 serological techniques in the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis: complement fixation reaction and western blot].evaluation of two serological techniques for diagnosis cysticercosis: complement fixation reaction and western blot. comparative study that includes 49 sera samples and 30 csf samples belonging to 35 patients with clinical diagnosis of cysticercosis of the cns. as a control group we used 10 sera samples of patients with trichinella spiralis infection, 33 sera samples of patients with hydatid cyst disease, 9 sera samples from patients with oxyuriasis, 52 sera samples of healthy blood donors and 2 ...19911822705
general introduction and epidemiology of trichinellosis.all studies on trichinellosis have been based on the assumption that there is only one cosmopolitan agent of human and animal trichinellosis; trichinella spiralis (owen, 1835). in the past, swine and only a few synanthropic animals were considered reservoirs, and the presence of the parasite in sylvatic animals was considered rare. breeding experiments before, and then biochemical approaches (isoenzymes and dna analysis), showed the presence of a high genetic variability inside this genus, sugge ...19911822909
present status of trichinellosis in japan.there have been three mass outbreaks of human trichinellosis in japan. the first was in 1974 in iwasaki, aomori prefecture, involving a group of hunters who ate raw meat of a black bear they had shot. of the 20 people who ate the bear meat raw, 15 showed clinical symptoms of trichinellosis. the second outbreak was experienced in sapporo, hokkaido, in 1980. the patients had eaten the raw meat of a brown bear served in a local restaurant. twelve people were diagnosed positive on the basis of clini ...19911822910
epidemiological survey of trichinellosis in yugoslavia.in a long term epidemiological survey that included different hosts for trichinella spiralis among wild and domestic animals, the parasitological and serological screening revealed a high number of positive animals. the incidence of t. spiralis in grazing pigs was high, 21.76% (170 examined) but most of positive animals were lightly infected (0.016-0.02 l/g). while out of 2,394 pigs raised in small private farms, 1.67% were positive with high infection rates, none of the pigs raised on a modern ...19911822911
epidemiology of swine trichinellosis in yugoslavia.intensive epidemiological and seroepidemiological studies of trichinella spiralis infection in swine have been carried out in the borough of kladovo, one of the four regions in yugoslavia where trichinellosis is endemic. a high prevalence (4.7%) of trichinellosis was discovered in three neighboring parishes adjoining the bank of the river danube. both geographically and epidemiologically these three parishes constitute a very unique condition that is very vulnerable to t. spiralis infection. stu ...19911822912
the present status of trichinellosis in thailand.the epidemiology of trichinellosis in northern thailand may be unique. since 1962, outbreaks of the disease have occurred almost every year. the department of communicable disease control, ministry of public health reported 118 discrete outbreaks of the disease, involving 5,400 patients, 95 of whom have died. epidemiological investigations reveal that the outbreaks have occurred mostly in rural areas, associated with villagers celebrating local and traditional festivals such as the northern thai ...19911822914
detection of trichinella by various methods in yugoslavia.from studies performed on experimentally infected pigs, it was possible to conclude that enzymatic digestion methods are superior to trichinoscopy for inspection of pork for the presence of trichinella spiralis. the analyses included comparative examination of samples taken from five different parts of diaphragm tissue.19911822917
testing for food-borne parasites, their metabolic products and symbionts.microscopic animals associated with foods include free-living and saprophytic invertebrates, parasites of hosts other than humans, and parasitic animals specifically designated as food-borne that can infect a human host by the gastrointestinal route. the first general method used to screen for food-borne species was digestion with pepsin and hydrochloric acid at 36 degrees c, based on the "artificial stomach juice" technique for recovering larvae of the nematode trichinella spiralis from muscle. ...19911822919
characterization of the thoracic duct t-helper cells that co-mediate, with antibody, the rapid expulsion of trichinella spiralis in adult rats.thoracic duct cells that act synergistically with immune serum or antibody to transfer rapid expulsion of a challenge infection with trichinella spiralis muscle larvae were characterized as ox38+, ox8-, ox22- t helper cells. protective capacity was confined to the dividing t helpers that appeared on days 3-5 in the thoracic duct of rats during a t. spiralis infection. to realize their intestinal priming potential in recipient rats. mhc-compatibility between donor and recipient rat was required. ...19911828879
host protective immunity to trichinella spiralis in mice: activation of th cell subsets and lymphokine secretion in mice expressing different response phenotypes.host protective immunity to the intestinal dwelling nematode trichinella spiralis is mediated by cd4+ mesenteric lymph node (mln) cells during the course of intestinal infection. the present study has examined the cytokine production by t cells within the mln of two h-2-compatible strains of mice infected with t. spiralis which differ in the speed at which they expel the parasite from the gut. for both strains of mice, in vitro stimulation of mln cells with a protective worm antigen preparation ...19911836201
signs, larval burdens, and serological responses of dogs experimentally infected with trichinella spiralis owen, 1835.the effects of infections of trichinella spiralis on 10 specific-pathogen-free beagles were examined. eight puppies received either 100, 500, 1,000, or 5,000 larvae, and 2 adult dogs received 1,000 larvae. blood was drawn every 4 days, beginning 5 days before infection, for the determination of relative eosinophil numbers. creatine kinase levels were monitored before infection, two weeks after infection, and one month after infection. the dogs were euthanized 1 month postinfection, and larvae we ...19911839680
mucosal ornithine decarboxylase, polyamines, and hyperplasia in infected intestine.ornithine decarboxylase (odc), through the regulation of polyamine biosynthesis, influences normal mucosal growth and cell proliferation. the purpose of our study was to determine whether mucosal odc activity and polyamines play a role in the dramatic increase in mucosal mass and crypt elongation associated with parasite-induced inflammation in the small intestine. rats were inoculated orally with l1 larvae of the parasitic nematode trichinella spiralis and killed at different times during the e ...19911846274
impaired sympathetic nerve function in the inflamed rat intestine.the effect of intestinal inflammation on norepinephrine release from the myenteric plexus in the trichinella spiralis-infected rat was assessed. longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus preparations were preincubated with [3h]norepinephrine and release was evoked by electrical field stimulation and kcl administration. preincubation of preparations with desipramine or pretreatment of rats with 6-hydroxydopamine significantly suppressed the uptake and evoked release of [3h]norepinephrine; electrical f ...19911847118
reconstruction of immune-mediated ion secretion in gut mucosa of the athymic rat.a defect in an immune-mediated, physiological reaction in the small intestine of congenitally immunosuppressed rats has been identified and corrected by recoupling the immunological trigger in the mucosa with epithelial effector cells. antigenic challenge of jejunum from euthymic rats sensitized by infection with trichinella spiralis evoked an anaphylactic response in vitro that was characterized by an elevation in transmural short-circuit current (isc) and caused by net cl- secretion. in contra ...19911852477
[the reproductive activity of trichinella spiralis in the early stages of cultivation on artificial nutrient media].reproductive activity of mature trichinella spiralis was studied during its cultivation in three nutrient media. most active hatching of trichinella larvae was observed in erl's saline, less active in eagle's medium and in the lactalbumin hydrolyzate medium. in erl's medium the hatching of larvae accounted for 80% of their total mass for the first four hours of the experiment and the absolute number of larvae was 2.5 to 10 times greater than that in the two other media. the use of erl's medium m ...19911852481
immunotoxicity of 2-methoxyethanol following oral administration in fischer 344 rats.the immunotoxicity of the glycol ether 2-methoxyethanol (me) was evaluated in adult fischer 344 rats using a variety of in vitro and in vivo immune function assays. in the first phase of this study, male rats were dosed by oral gavage with me in water, at dosages ranging from 50 to 200 mg/kg/day, for 10 consecutive days. decreases in thymus weights were observed at dosages of 50-200 mg/kg/day in the absence of decreased body weights. lymphoproliferative (lp) responses to concanavalin a and phyto ...19911853347
immunity in swine inoculated with larvae or extracts of a pig isolate and a sylvatic isolate of trichinella spiralis.inoculation of swine with a sylvatic isolate of trichinella spiralis, designated t s nativa, resulted in low numbers of muscle larvae, compared with muscle larvae accumulation in swine inoculated with a pig type of t s spiralis. despite low infectivity of t s nativa for swine, primary inoculation resulted in high levels of immunity against challenge infection with t s spiralis. this immunity was expressed in accelerated expulsion of challenge adults from the intestine and reduced numbers of musc ...19911854102
trichinella spiralis infection alters small bowel motor activity in the fed state.the effect of trichinella spiralis infection on small intestinal transit and motor activity in the fed state during the intestinal phase of infection was studied. contractions were recorded by strain gauge transducers, and mean transit time was measured by marker dilution technique. the mean amplitude and area of individual phasic contractions decreased, but no change occurred in their mean duration during trichinosis. the total amplitude and area of phasic contractions also decreased; this was ...19911860631
immunohistochemical comparison of t-cell and macrophage populations in mammary tissue of control and trichinella spiralis-infected rats.we have shown that antigen-specific t lymphocytes can mediate maternal-to-neonatal immunity during lactation. present studies address the dynamics of lymphocyte accumulation in the mammary gland during normal and disease stimulated conditions. monoclonal antibodies specific for total t cells, suppressor/cytotoxic and helper subsets, and macrophages were used in conjunction with immunohistochemistry to identify and count the individual cell types. in unstimulated mammary tissue, following a rise ...19911867400
[parasite fauna of red foxes in berlin (west)].the infestation with ecto- and endoparasites of red foxes in berlin (west) was investigated. as shown by post mortems of 100 animals (47 males and 53 females), none of them was found to be free of parasites. with regard to ectoparasites, 3 species of ixodes ticks, 7 flea species, one species of biting lice and mite species were demonstrated. the sarcoptic mange is often inducing the death of the foxes and is considered to be a limiting factor of the population increment. concerning endoparasites ...19911872791
testicular changes in rats after trichinella spiralis infection.infection of rats with trichinella spiralis was found to be associated with testicular enlargement. a paucity of leydig cells with marked oedema of interstitial areas were observed. most of the seminiferous tubules were lined by spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes. t. spiralis larvae were not detected in the testes. using the indirect immunoperoxidase procedure, t. spiralis antigen was detected as weak brown staining. the antigen was diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm of spermatogenic ce ...19911875071
trichinella spiralis: a 76-kda excretory/secretory larval antigen identified by a monoclonal antibody.spleen cells from balb/c mice were fused with myeloma cells following infection of the mice with trichinella spiralis larvae and an ip booster injection with larval homogenate antigen. a monoclonal antibody (mab), designated as ts 3g6 which did not react with sera or tissue extracts from noninfected mice, rats, and guinea pigs, was selected for further studies because of its high activity and specificity. when tested in elisa ts 3g6 did not cross-react with ascaris suum, a. lumbricoides, toxocar ...19911889470
trichinella spiralis: light microscope monoclonal antibody localization and immunochemical characterization of phosphorylcholine and other antigens in the muscle larva.a panel of monoclonal antibodies was used to examine the structure of the muscle larva of trichinella spiralis under the light microscope. immunofluorescence and, in some cases, immunoperoxidase staining were used. all four antibodies reacted with the cuticle of the organism, although differences in the staining pattern were observed for some of these. interestingly, all the antibodies also reacted with the stichosome. one of the antibodies (ts2ab) is specific for the hapten, phosphorylcholine. ...19911889472
an immunocytochemical analysis of a class-specific antibody response against trichinella spiralis in humans.the response of different classes of antibodies against antigens of the muscle larvae of trichinella spiralis was tested using an immunocytochemical approach. ultrathin sections of resin-embedded larvae were treated with sera from patients with trichinosis, then exposed to a biotinated second antibody and stained with avidin-gold complex. antibody of the m-class was a major component in the response against a slow-responding group of antigens that included stichocyte granules, the cuticle surfac ...19911895030
preliminary characterization and interaction of tubulin from trichinella spiralis larvae with benzimidazole derivatives.tubulin was estimated to account for 0.3% of the total soluble protein in trichinella spiralis cytosolic fractions. tubulin from t. spiralis was partially purified by precipitation with either taxol or vinblastine sulphate. immunoblotting with alpha- and beta-tubulin monoclonal antibodies revealed the presence of tubulin in t. spiralis partially purified preparations. electrophoretic mobility of t. spiralis tubulin in sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gels was very similar to that shown by ...19911897122
trichinella spiralis infection--united states, 1990.since 1947, when the public health service began to record statistics on trichinosis, the number of cases reported by state health departments each year has declined: in the late 1940s, health departments reported an average of 400 cases and 10-15 deaths each year; from 1982 through 1986, the number declined to an average of 57 per year (figure 1) and a total of three deaths (1,2). although this trend reflects a decline in the number of cases related to commercially purchased pork, recent outbre ...19911898978
h-2 (i-a) control of the antibody repertoire to secreted antigens of trichinella spiralis in infection and its relevance to resistance and susceptibility.humans infected with the parasitic nematode trichinella spiralis vary in the specificity of their antibody responses to the antigens of the parasite. the possibility that such host variation in antigen recognition has a genetic basis was examined in infected inbred mice whose antigen recognition profiles were characterized by immunoprecipitation of biosynthetically labelled secreted materials of adult parasites and sds-page. the strains varied considerably in repertoire and none produced detecta ...19911904401
immunization against schistosoma mansoni by using trichinella spiralis and trichinella pseudospiralis antigens.the antigenic fraction of a cell free homogenate of each of trichinella spiralis and t. pseudospiralis were prepared to be used for induction of immunity against s. mansoni in albino mice. the results of the study showed that immunization with either of the two antigens induced reduction in worm load ranging from 80.48% to 87.86% in the different groups of the study. reduction in tissue egg count was also reported: liver egg count was reduced from 69.47% to 100%. intestinal egg count reduction r ...19911908495
interferon-gamma treatment in mice experimentally infected with trichinella spiralis.interferon-tau (ifn-tau) treatment of trichinella spiralis-infected balb/c mice was investigated. the therapeutic regimen consisted of daily intraperitoneal injection of 10(4) u murine ifn-tau for 7 days, starting at 2 weeks post-infection. striated muscle samples (diaphragm, thigh) were collected at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after infection. the muscle larval burden, the degree of encystation and the digestion of t. spiralis larvae were investigated. furthermore, immunohistochemical studies of the infl ...19911909790
[cardiac trichinosis--echocardiographic study].trichinosis is an intestinal and tissue infection of man caused by trichinella spiralis. the most frequent and serious complication is myocarditis. m-mode and two-dimensional echocardiographic studies were carried out on 16 patients with clinical manifestation of trichinosis. the parameters of the left ventricular function, measured by echocardiography were examined, and the results were compared with the same parameters in 50 normal individuals. in 11 patients a variety of morphologic findings, ...19911916420
genetic control of the immune response to trichinella spiralis: recognition of muscle larval antigens.host antibody recognition of muscle larval (ml) antigens of trichinella spiralis was examined. monoclonal antibodies (moabs) to known host protective ml antigens have been produced in order to aid this examination. eleven strains of mice with independent mhc haplotypes and seventeen t. spiralis infected human patients were all found to recognize the same three major antigens as the monoclonal antibodies; i.e., of mw 41, 46 and 55 kd. however all serum samples tested also recognized further ml an ...19911923564
helminthotoxic responses of intestinal eosinophils to trichinella spiralis newborn larvae.because the gastrointestinal lamina propria is the first line of defense against invasion with trichinella spiralis newborn larvae, we investigated the helminthotoxic characteristics of isolated lamina propria eosinophils. eosinophils were isolated from the intestinal lamina propria of rats and purified to nearly 90% purity by a combination of velocity sedimentation through percoll and unit gravity sedimentation through a continuous gradient of bovine serum albumin. isolated eosinophils were of ...19911937799
immunoregulation of endometrial and jejunal epithelia sensitized by infection.the hypothesis was tested that the uterus of the rat orally infected with the parasite trichinella spiralis becomes hypersensitized and that subsequent antigenic challenge affects functions in the endometrial epithelium. results of experiments comparing the immunological responsiveness of isolated rat uterus with that of the jejunum supports our hypothesis. antigenic challenge of uterus mounted in ussing-type chambers causes an elevation in transuterine short circuit current (isc) of 6.4 +/- 0.8 ...19911937920
humoral immune responses in human infection with the whipworm trichuris trichiura.the humoral immune response to infection with trichuris trichirua was investigated by elisa and immunoblotting using human sera from the caribbean island of st lucia. immunoblot analysis of the degree of cross-reactivity with the related trichuroid trichinella spiralis and with the other commonly co-existent nematodes, ascaris lumbricoides and toxocara canis, was carried out using selected sera. the igm, iga, ige, and igg subclass antibody levels were measured in elisa using a detergent solubili ...19911956697
igg response in guinea pigs to trichinella spiralis infection.an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using excretory-secretory antigens was developed to study the dynamics of the igg antibody response to varying levels of trichinella spiralis infection in the guinea pig. four groups of four hartley guinea pigs each were infected with 1250, 250, 50 or 10 t. spiralis infective muscle larvae. they were bled every 15 days for 6 months and the igg antibody response determined by elisa. the time of seroconversion was dose dependent as the larger the dose, ...19911957490
[differentiation of the sex of trichinella larvae collected in changchun].the length of the rectum in male trichinella spiralis larvae is about twice that in female larvae, being 54.39 (50.4-63.0) microns in males and 28.05 (18.9-31.35) microns in females. the gonad rudiment of the female larvae has already differentiated obviously into seminal receptacle rudiment and uterus rudiment, while that of the male larvae remains undifferentiated. the seminal receptacle rudiment is a granular, small mass and dark brown in color, while the uterus rudiment is composed of a colu ...19911959180
a dot-elisa mimicry western blot test for the detection of swine trichinellosis.a dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-elisa) using antigens purified by monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography was developed for detecting trichinella spiralis infection in swine. the test was as sensitive as an elisa using excretory-secretory products as antigen and western blot analysis, and nearly as specific as the western blot. the dot-elisa detected all of 20 low infections (0.08-4.74 larvae per gram of diaphragm), most of them by 5-6 wk postinfection. sera from 1,960 farm-rear ...19911992098
blood vessels in trichinella spiralis infections: a study using vascular casts.larvae of trichinella spiralis initiate the transformation of myocytes into nurse cells that become surrounded by elaborate networks of blood vessels. to examine the structure of these networks (i.e., retes), transcardic perfusion was used to clear the vascular tree of trichinella-infected mice and to inject a plastic that polymerized in situ. vascular complexes were found only around infected myocytes and were characterized by large circumferential vessels that give rise to the smaller channels ...19911992100
changes in nurse cell nuclei during synchronous infection with trichinella spiralis.the rate of enlargement of nuclei was determined on 4-microns-thick sections of synchronously infected mouse thigh muscle. normal muscle nuclei had a geometric mean volume of 84 microns and a range of 42-170 microns 3. at days 5, 6, 7, 8, and 10 and 6 mo after infection, mean nuclear volume was 177 (100-315) microns 3, 254 (140-462) microns 3, 278 (172-447) microns 3, 681 (407-1,138) microns 3, 512 (326-804) microns 3, and 509 (298-870) microns 3, respectively. size of nuclei for any given day f ...19912010862
trichinella spp.: differential expression of acid phosphatase and myofibrillar proteins in infected muscle cells.major alterations are induced in muscle cells infected by either trichinella spiralis or trichinella pseudospiralis. to investigate the response of muscle to these infections we have analyzed the expression of acid phosphatase (acp, ec 3.1.3.2), adult skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain, and muscle tropomyosin proteins in infected mouse skeletal muscle cells. using t. spiralis-infected cells, we provide strong evidence that the tartrate-sensitive acp of these cells was synthesized by the infected ...19912015871
a role for ige in intestinal immunity. expression of rapid expulsion of trichinella spiralis in rats transfused with ige and thoracic duct lymphocytes.in these experiments we characterize the protective antibodies in immune serum that interact synergistically with immune thoracic duct lymphocytes (tdl) to induce rapid expulsion (re) of trichinella spiralis in adult rats. antibodies with both reaginic and nonreaginic activity mediated re upon passive transfer to adult rats that had been adoptively transfused with immune tdl 7 days earlier. in serum collected 28 days after a primary infection, the most important antibody was homocytotropic ige. ...19912026881
detection of repetitive sequences of trichinella spiralis by the polymerase chain reaction in experimentally infected mice. 19912027886
development of a serologic assay for cysticercosis, using an antigen isolated from taenia spp cyst fluid.an ammonium sulfate-soluble fraction of taenia hydatigena cyst fluid (thfas) was further evaluated for use in the immunodiagnosis of cysticercosis. analysis of thfas by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and protein immunoblot analysis confirmed earlier reports of a highly specific, low molecular weight antigen in this preparation; in contrast, other components of thfas were shown to react nonspecifically. antibodies against the less than 12-kd diagnostic antigen were dete ...19912035923
cloning and expression of complementary dna encoding an antigen of trichinella spiralis.complementary dna (cdna) encoding a 49-kda antigen of trichinella spiralis was cloned, characterized, and expressed in escherichia coli by recombinant dna methods. as a first step, 29 residues of n-terminal amino acid sequence were determined by direct analysis of highly purified antigen. mixed-sequence primers based on the amino acid sequence were then synthesized and used as primers to generate a partial cdna by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). a nearly full-length cdna was then obtained b ...19912038363
food safety. trichinella spiralis infection. 19912039687
procedure for selecting monoclonal antibodies for use in a ligand displacement assay of serum antibody levels.monoclonal antibodies for use in a ligand displacement assay were selected for specificity and affinity/avidity properties that result in their release and displacement in the presence of specific sample antibody but not in the presence of antibodies against other antigens. a screening process is described which involves measurement of displacement of antibody by an elisa procedure using an enzyme labeled anti-immunoglobulin, providing a means of demonstrating usefulness of a candidate antibody ...19912040708
sequelae after infection with trichinella spiralis: a prospective cohort study.it is still a matter of debate whether or not infection with trichinella spiralis is followed by long lasting sequelae. a common source epidemic of trichinosis which occurred in bitburg, frg, in october 1982 gave us the opportunity of performing a controlled cohort study (171 patients and 51 controls). 145 patients and 44 controls completed the 3 year follow-up. complaints persisted in 36% of patients aged less than 30 years and in 100% of patients aged greater than 50 years. complaints in order ...19912042369
isolation of specific antigens from trichinella spiralis by the rotating horizontal ampholine column method.by preparative isoelectric focusing in a rotating ampholine column, specific antigens with molecular weights of 45, 47 and 53 kda were successfully isolated from crude somatic extracts of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae. these antigens, with pi 5.5, 4.3 and 4.4, were found to possess the same epitope found in specific antigens in the excretory/secretory products that were recovered by in vitro culture of muscle larvae. when the antigens obtained by the two methods were compared using enzyme-l ...19912047374
catecholaminergic neurons in trichinella spiralis (nematoda). 19912047375
immunity to trichinella spiralis infection in vitamin a-deficient mice.vitamin a-deficient (a-) mice make strikingly poor igg responses when they are immunized with purified protein antigens. previously, we showed that a- t cells overproduce interferon gamma (ifn-gamma), which then could inhibit interleukin 4 (il-4)-stimulated b cell igg responses. to determine if the altered ifn-gamma regulation pattern and its immunological consequences would extend to a natural infection, we studied mice infected with the parasitic helminth trichinella spiralis. the course of th ...19921730911
helminth parasites of the raccoon (procyon lotor) from north-central arkansas.twenty-three species of helminths (4 trematodes, 2 cestodes, 14 nematodes, and 3 acanthocephalans) were found in the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, pancreas, tongue, urinary bladder, and subcutaneous tissues of 30 live-trapped or hunter-shot raccoons from north-central arkansas between november 1989 and april 1990. helminths were not detected in the brain, diaphragm, gallbladder, heart, liver, reproductive system, or trachea. each raccoon examined was infected with 3 or more of the following hel ...19921738063
an evaluation of the role of carbohydrate epitopes in immunity to trichinella spiralis.a study is described in which the role of carbohydrate epitopes in the generation of protective immunity to trichinella spiralis was investigated. antigen preparations were treated with increasing molar concentrations of sodium periodate, which is known to degrade carbohydrate moieties by cleaving one side of the hexose ring, and a suitable protocol was established for the selective degradation of carbohydrates with the retention of protein integrity. using excretory/secretory (es) proteins, bot ...19921279505
synthesis and characterization of rat interleukin-10 (il-10) cdna clones from the rna of cultured ox8- ox22- thoracic duct t cells.a cdna of the complete coding region of rat il-10 was cloned and sequenced using rna isolated from a cultured population of thoracic duct t-lymphocytes obtained from trichinella spiralis infected animals. the ox8- ox22-t-helper cells were stimulated in vitro with concanavalin a for 24 hours prior to harvest. reverse transcription of cellular rna was primed with oligo-dt followed by amplification of il-10 specific cdna by polymerase chain reaction with synthetic oligo nucleotide primers chosen fr ...19921280414
trichinella spiralis: specificity of es antigens from pre-encysted larvae.excretory/secretory (es) antigens were obtained by culturing pre-encysted trichinella spiralis larvae which were recovered from muscles of experimentally infected mice 14-15 days postinfection. analyses of these antigens (pel es) with immunoblotting, sds-page and triple antibody elisa showed that they yielded a low sensitivity and specificity when tested with antisera against the common nematodes of chinese pigs. as compared to es antigens from encysted larvae, pel es also contained more low mol ...19921281854
an outbreak of trichinosis in lebanon.in 1982 an outbreak of trichinosis occurred in an area of south lebanon consisting of 4 villages, including 6440 persons. in 267 households, involving 2456 persons, typical clinical signs of trichinella spiralis infection could be recognized among household members. twenty-one of these households, including 193 persons, were randomly chosen for further studies. nearly half of the household members (46%) had clinical symptoms consistent with acute trichinosis. 12 of 16 tested persons had high ant ...19921287937
immunodiagnosis of human trichinellosis using excretory-secretory (es) antigen.infective first stage larvae of trichinella spiralis were recovered from muscles of laboratory infected mice by digesting the muscles with 1% hc1-1% pepsin and collecting the larvae by modified baerman's method. the larvae were cultivated in a serum-free medium for 18 h. the es antigen obtained from the culture medium was used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detecting igg antibodies to t. spiralis in serum samples collected from three groups of individuals. the individuals of ...19921293197
[trichinellosis focus resulting from consumption of wild boar meat].the focus of trichinellosis was presented comprising 28 patients and resulting from consumption of the wild boar meat. early confirmation of trichinellosis diagnosis in the first case (index case) and an accurate epidemiological analysis established that the patients became infected with trichinella spiralis strain originating from natural environment. a severe clinical course was disclosed in the index case, moderate course of trichinellosis in 11 patients, a mild course in 15 cases and an abor ...19921296244
[establishment and preliminary application of competitive elisa using monoclonal antibody against trichinella spiralis].monoclonal antibody competitive elisa was devised with a highly specific mcab (2g8) against t. spiralis. among 20 rabbits infected with t. spiralis experimentally. 35% (7/20) were positive on the 17th day post infection (pi); 100% positive on the 31st day pi. no cross reaction was found with 29 sera of rabbits infected with other kinds of helminth. the dynamic antibody titer of five infected rabbits sera were studied with this method. the change may be helpful to judge the state of infection. in ...19921298715
[a method for acquiring newborn larvae of trichinella spiralis in vitro].this paper reports a simple method for acquiring numerous newborn larvae of trichinella spiralis in vitro. adults of t. spiralis, collected from small intestine on rats which were infected with infective larvae separated from mice infected experimentally, were put into tissue culture bottle containing m199. then the bottles were incubated in co2 incubator (37 degrees c, 5% co2) for 15-20h. the newborn larvae were collected by passing through filtration, centrifugation and repeated wash. the resu ...19921298727
[influence of cadmium on the course of intestinal and muscular phases in mice infected with trichinella spiralis].at the first experiment 20 swiss male mice were infected with 100 larvae and 20 mice with 500 larvae t. spiralis per mouse. two days after infection (d.a.i.) mice orally received 1.5 mg cd (water solution cdcl2) each. 40 mice were infected only t. spiralis as control. at the second experiment muscle larvae used were isolated from mice (from the first experiment) which received cd. 20 mice were infected with 100 larvae and 20-with 500 larvae per mouse. two d.a.i. mice received 1.5 mg cd. mice fro ...19921299056
activity of natural killer (nk) cells in the course of experimental trichinellosis in mice.b6c3f1 mice were infected with 200 or 500 larvae of trichinella spiralis per mouse and pulmonary nk cell-mediated clearance of semisyngeneic tumour cells was determined in vivo on days 10, 20, 30, and 60 after the infection. cytotoxic activity of nk cells in the lungs was substantially elevated on days 20 and 30 after challenge with both "doses" of the parasite. at the same time large granular lymphocytes (lgls) as well as cells expressing surface asialo-gm1 molecules were isolated in elevated n ...19921299057
activity of specific igg, igm and ige antibodies in human trichinellosis.the activity of igg, igm and ige antibodies to somatic antigen of trichinella spiralis in the sera of patients with trichinellosis at various intervals after infection was examined by means of elisa. mathematical analysis of the dose-response curves was used. elevated level of igg and igm antibodies of relatively high avidity and of rather low ige avidity was documented. amount or avidity of igg antibodies was found to be most useful for the diagnosis of trichinellosis (85% positive results in p ...19921299058
[influence of nalcrom (sodium cromoglycate) on the course of the intestinal phase of trichinellosis in mice].the influence of nalcrom (sodium cromoglycate) on the course of the intestinal phase of trichinellosis in mice was investigated. the animals infected with 200 trichinella spiralis larvae were treated with nalcrom between 7-20 or 3-20 days after infection (d.a.i.). the drug was administered in two doses: 0.6 or 1.7 mg/mouse/day. in the all groups of animals received nalcrom higher number of mast cells and eosinophils than in the control groups was observed. these results are the opposite of those ...19921299059
efficacy of albendazole against trichinella pseudospiralis and trichinella spiralis in mice.albendazole (smith kline, beecham) in a dose of 20 mg/kg/day was given to b6c3f1 mice exposed to 300 larvae of t. pseudospiralis or t. spiralis. the drug was introduced on days 2, 3 and 4; or 4, 5 and 6; or 18, 19 and 20 after infection. it limited the intensity of intestinal and muscle phases of trichinellosis. given at the stage of maturation of adult forms and production of new-born larvae, the drug caused almost total elimination of both species from the intestines of mice and a decrease in ...19921299060
trichinellosis in the ussr (1983-1987), tendency to spreading. 19921299061
[the role of the nucleus in the mechanism of transformation of muscle after infection by trichinella spiralis larvae. iii. morphometric analysis of the functional transformation of the muscle cell nucleus after infection].morphometric investigations (using the convergence analysis method) of geometric parameters of nuclei and nucleoli of transformed muscle cells were carried in mice 15 days, 30 days and 6 month after infection with t. spiralis larvae. the analysis showed the largest increase of investigated the parameters of 15th day after the infection. the results of morphometric analysis are in agreement with the morphologic, ultrastructural and histochemical observations (published in i and ii part) as for as ...19921299069
[current prevalence of trichinosis in santiago, chile (1992). a study on 500 corpses].in august-december 1992, 500 diaphragm muscle samples taken at random from people who were autopsied at the santiago medico-legal service, were submitted to phototrichinoscopy to search for encysted larvae of trichinella spiralis. for each sample seven small pieces were examined. three hundred and eighty nine (77.8%) cadavers corresponded to males and one hundred and eleven (22.2%) to females. ages ranged from 1 to 90 years. ten (2.0%) of the individuals examined resulted positive, the higher fr ...19921307006
impaired acetylcholine release in the inflamed rat intestine is t cell independent.we investigated mechanisms underlying the suppression of [3h]acetylcholine ([3h]ach) release from myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparations of rats infected 6 days previously with trichinella spiralis. there was a 73% suppression of kcl-evoked release of [3h]ach in the jejunum, and a 76% suppression was observed in the worm-free ileum, indicating that the local presence of the parasite in the lumen is not prerequisite for the suppression of ach release from the myenteric plexus. treatmen ...19921325127
the significance of the "lung phase" in host-helminth relations.many helminth infections have a "lung phase" whose significance considering the host-parasite relations has not yet been clarified. in some nematode infections larvae must pass through the lungs, in others adult worms live in the respiratory tract, and some others cause tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. some examples of these infections (nippostrongylus brasiliensis, schistosoma mansoni, trichinella spiralis and toxocara canis) are considered to clarify whether this phase of infection is a "pro-h ...19921339975
[susceptibility and the immune response to trichinella spiralis infection].the aim of this study was to assess a possible association between parameters of immune response and susceptibility/resistance to t. spiralis infection. the immune response to t. spiralis was monitored in two inbred strains of mice (balb/c and c57bl/6), as well as in the most important natural host--swine, by analysing the changes in main lymphocyte populations, the appearance of specific antibodies and worm burden recovery. in the murine model, the lower level of muscle larvae worm burden recov ...19921340488
recognition of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae antigens by sera from human infected with this parasite and its potential use in diagnosis.human antibody response to total soluble extract of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae (tse) was analyzed by western blot. the most frequently recognized antigens had molecular weights of 96, 67, 63, 60, 55 and 47 kda. an antigenic fraction containing two peptides with m.w. of 43, 47 kda from the parasite (p43, 47 ts l1) was isolated by elution from polyacrylamide gel slabs. it was used as antigen in an elisa test and compared to that of tse. serum samples from 51 symptomatic trichinellosis pati ...19921345318
influence of resistant and susceptible genotype, il-1, and lymphoid organ on trichinella spiralis-induced cytokine secretion.the relative importance of cell-mediated inflammatory responses and antibody-mediated responses in controlling parasitic helminth infection is debated. to study the relationship between these responses and resistance or susceptibility to primary trichinella spiralis infection, we infected resistant akr mice and susceptible b10.br mice and analyzed the lymphokines il-2, ifn-gamma, and il-5 produced by their t cells as a function of time and lymphoid organ. il-2-secretors occurred maximally betwee ...19921353100
characterization of cholinesterases from the parasitic nematode trichinella spiralis.1. trichinella cholinesterases occur in multiple molecular forms which differ in size, kinetics, activity with butyrylthiocholine, and effects of inhibitors. 2. the 5.3 and 13s forms identified in trichinella extracts are also found in c. elegans and other nematodes but the 7s form which occurs in other nematodes was absent from trichinella detergent extracts. differences in kinetic and inhibition properties among nematode species were also evident. 3. the level of cholinesterases in excretory/s ...19921360365
[soluble metabolic antigens of trichinella spiralis: their isolation and characteristics].cultivation of trichinella muscular larvae, purified by centrifugation in 20 ... 50% saccharose density gradient, in protein--free nutrient media at a dosage of 3.5-.10(3) lar./ml in the presence of insulin has made it possible to obtain a soluble antigen of trichinella. it has been shown by means of electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel that the soluble (secretory-excretory) antigen has three protein fractions while the somatic trichinella antigen has 18 fractions. it has been shown that the so ...19921364527
specificity of affinity-purified trichinella spiralis antigens.an affinity-purified fraction (apf) was obtained by passing crude somatic antigens of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae through an affi-gel 10 column coupled with anti-trichuris suis igg. the fraction contained seven antigens with molecular weights ranging from 28 to 55 kda. when tested with antiserum against other common nematodes of pigs from china, the apf was found to be markedly more specific than s3 antigens (prepared by a combination of cell fractionation and differential centrifugation ...19921373256
increased levels of substance p in the myenteric plexus of trichinella-infected rats.changes in immunoreactive substance p concentrations were investigated in longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus preparations from the inflamed jejunum of trichinella spiralis-infected rats. the substance p concentration increased within 2 days of infection and increased fivefold by day 6; in contrast, there was no significant increase in substance p in the noninflamed ileum. in vitro exposure of preparations from infected rats to scorpion venom reduced substance p levels by 88%. in addition, no i ...19921375178
analysis of a 43-kda glycoprotein from the intracellular parasitic nematode trichinella spiralis.the l1 larvae of the parasitic nematode trichinella spiralis invade skeletal muscle and initiate a process that has been interpreted to represent skeletal muscle dedifferentiation. in this process, the infected region of the muscle cell is converted into a unique structure, called the nurse cell. the nematode t. spiralis can survive for tens of years within the cytoplasm of the nurse cell and secretes proteins into the cytoplasm that are believed to play a role in mediating the nurse cell format ...19921382055
[chemistry and immunochemistry analysis of the soluble antigens of newborn larvae of trichinella spiralis].the soluble antigens of newborn larvae of trichinella spiralis were characterized in terms of molecular weight of protein, glycoprotein and lipoprotein contents, and immunochemistry. after the antigens were separated with sds-page and then followed by ultrasensitive silver staining, at least 40 bands of proteins were noted. correspondingly, 28 bands of glycoproteins and 9 bands of lipoproteins were revealed as the similar gels were stained by the hypersensitive periodic acid silver and nile's bl ...19921383119
[changes in t lymphocytes and their subpopulations and igg in peripheral blood from mice infected with trichinella spiralis].acid alpha-naphthyl esterase (anae), a cytoplasmic marker, was used to identify the t lymphocytes and their subpopulations in peripheral blood of mice infected with trichinella spiralis, and dot-elisa was used to identify the serum igg antibody of the infected mice. the results showed that t lymphocytes increased on the d3 after infection, reaching the peak on d14, and then remained in number greater than normal up to d77. the spotted granular anae positive cells (help t cells, th) decreased and ...19921394900
[analysis of newborn larva of trichinella spiralis by immunoblot].newborn larva (nbl) antigens of trichinella spiralis were analysed by immunoblot, and were compared with the adult and muscle larva antigens. the sds-page patterns of nbl somatic constituents consisted of about 40 polypeptide bands, which were obviously different from those of adult and muscle larva. immunoblot analysis indicated that immunization with nbl could induce a stage specific immune response. the molecular weight of specific nbl antigens were 129, 120, 89, 87, 79, 74, 72, 64, 58, 43, 4 ...19921394901
boosted mucosal immune responsiveness in the rat intestine by actively transported hexose.anaphylaxis-mediated intestinal fluid secretion was measured in trichinella spiralis- or ovalbumin-immunized rats challenged intraduodenally with t. spiralis somatic antigen (1 mg protein/0.5 ml saline) or ovalbumin (1 mg/0.5 ml saline), respectively. intestinal fluid volume was measured 30 minutes after challenge as an index of net secretion. challenge with the antigenic bolus containing 40 mmol/l d-glucose induced twice the fluid secretion as that induced by either antigen alone. l-glucose was ...19921397873
minimizing elisa background in the diagnosis of swine trichinellosis.after confirming that long-term serum storage (frozen at -20 c for greater than 3 mo) causes optical density to drift upward, several modifications of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) protocol were evaluated to identify a protocol that would reduce background in porcine sera tested for trichinellosis. modifications evaluated included blocking the antigen-coated elisa plate with sample diluent containing 10% bovine serum albumin (bsa) or 10% nonfat milk powder (bovine lacto transfer o ...19921403424
detection of circulating antigens in human trichinellosis.a 'sandwich' enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was established to detect circulating antigens of trichinella spiralis in human sera, its sensitivity and specificity was evaluated using 4 antigens (trichinella spiralis, trichuris trichiura, dirofilaria immitis and ascaris suum), and it was found to be sensitive and specific for t. spiralis antigen. samples of 347 individuals with suspected trichinellosis, who had eaten incompletely cooked bear meat containing larvae of t. spiralis, were examined. ...19921412659
immunogenetic and evolutionary influences on the host-parasite relationship.immunogenetic aspects of the host-parasite relationship between the laboratory mouse and the parasitic nematode trichinella spiralis are reviewed. variation in the capacity of hosts to express an effective protective immunity is associated primarily with variation in inflammatory responsiveness. analysis of the contributions of t lymphocytes, cytokines, and myeloid precursor populations to variation in one particular inflammatory component, eosinophilia, is described. variation in parasite immun ...19921426489
immunization against geographical isolates of trichinella spiralis in mice.partially purified antigen preparations from six isolates of trichinella spiralis were used to immunize mice. immunogenicity of the antigens was assessed in terms of antibody and lymphocyte responses and ability to stimulate protective immunity against challenge. isolate antigens showed considerable cross-reactivity, and all elicited protective responses. two major patterns of immunizing ability could be distinguished: (a) isolates that immunized well against heterologous challenge and elicited ...19921428511
depletion of eosinophils by anti-il-5 monoclonal antibody treatment of mice infected with trichinella spiralis does not alter parasite burden or immunologic resistance to reinfection.mechanisms of parasite killing by eosinophils are widely studied and are often implicated in mediating resistance to parasitic infection, especially in conjunction with specific antibodies. evidence for the eosinophil as an anti-parasite killer cell in vivo is limited and may not justify the belief that eosinophils engage and/or kill infective helminths. we reexamined this question in a mouse model of trichinosis in which antisera to eosinophils were previously used to show the requirement for e ...19921431133
cyclosporin a in experimental trichinosis scanning electron microscopic study.the surface morphology of adult and larvae of trichinella spiralis after cyclosporin a treatment was studied by scanning electron microscopy (sem) of fixed, dried and metal coated specimens. the earliest topographic changes revealed in adults after the drug treatment were in form of disorganization of the cuticle especially between the hypodermal pores which appeared somewhat thickened and irregular. other changes were in form of bullae formation covering the whole width of the adult surface. ot ...19921431295
[a morphometric study of the bone marrow of mice infected with trichinella spiralis and t. pseudospiralis].the study of cytograms of the marrow of mice with experimental t. spiralis and t. pseudospiralis invasion of 1 to 60 days revealed the marked activation of granulocytes and lymphoid cell proliferation with the much lower response of erythroid cells. the maximal response occurred at 21-35 days of invasion with subsequent diminution. in mice experimentally invaded with t. pseudospiralis the response of the marrow was less pronounced, but the period of active cell proliferation was prolonged.19921435529
[the morphological changes in the organs of the lymphoid system in the experimental infection of mice with trichinella spiralis].the dynamics of morphological changes in central and peripheral organs of the lymphoid system of mice experimentally invaded with trichinella spiralis was studied. the immune response of the host was shown to have two phases including two peaks and the suppression period. the activation of the lymphoid organs was observed in earlier intestinal and muscular phases, and the suppression was noted in migration phase of invasion.19921435560
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