Publications

pneumocystis carinii: surface reactive carbohydrates detected by lectin probes.	pneumocystis carinii obtained from rat lungs (rlh) and in vitro culture (rtc) were reacted with a panel of 14 fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated lectins. percentage fluorescence and fluorescent intensity were determined for both trophic and cyst forms. all rlh and rtc derived organisms bound strongly concanavalin a (con a), and wheat germ agglutinin (wga). however, differences in soybean agglutinin (sba) binding between rlh and rtc organisms was observed. different subsets of the organism bou ...	1988	3142787
unexpectedly high incidence of pneumocystis carinii infection after lung-heart transplantation. implications for lung defense and allograft survival.	pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii (pcp) is regularly encountered in organ allograft recipients who are immunosuppressed to prevent rejection. recipients of lung/heart allografts may be particularly prone to pulmonary infection due to systemic immunosuppression and the fact that defense mechanisms in the transplanted lung may be further impaired through tissue incompatibility and the effects of surgery. in this study, we monitored 16 lung transplant recipients for infection with pneumocystis ...	1988	3144196
branhamella catarrhalis septicemia in an infant with aids.	branhamella catarrhalis was isolated in blood culture from a 6-month-old infant with aids. the child had a nasopharyngeal infection with respiratory syncytial virus and pneumonitis with pneumocystis carinii. commensal organisms such as b. catarrhalis may be potential pathogens in infants with aids.	1988	3146808
occult aids: pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in elderly people.		1988	3147742
[a case report of chronic lymphocytic leukemia complicated by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].		1988	3148018
cutaneous gallium uptake in patients with aids with mycobacterium avium-intracellulare septicemia.	gallium imaging is increasingly being used for the early detection of complications in patients with aids. a 26-year-old homosexual man who was hiv antibody positive underwent gallium imaging for investigation of possible pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. widespread cutaneous focal uptake was seen, which was subsequently shown to be due to mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (mai) septicemia. this case demonstrates the importance of whole body imaging rather than imaging target areas only, the util ...	1988	3168358
[infectious pneumopathies in immunodepressed patients. value of the study of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid].	during a period of 16 months 26 fluid specimens obtained by broncho-alveolar lavage (bal) in 24 immunocompromised patients were examined. this material included 13 hiv positive patients and 11 patients presenting malignant hemopathies (mh), of whom 7 had had a blood marrow transplantation. the bal fluid was divided into two equal parts, one of which was sent to the institute of pathology and the other to the laboratory of bacteriology of geneva university hospital. in some cases a transbronchial ...	1988	3175570
histo- and immunopathological features of terminal aids. an autopsy case of a japanese man with neurological signs as initial symptoms.	an autopsy case of a 37-year-old japanese man, confirmed as an aids patient infected by an undetermined route of transmission, is presented. the initial symptoms of full-blown aids in this case were neurological, and the patient died of severe pneumonia 9 months after onset. the main histo- and immunopathological features were a marked depletion of helper-inducer t cells and dendritic reticulum cells in the lymphoid tissues, opportunistic infections, and some neuropathologic changes. very few ce ...	1988	3218510
hiv infection and maternal and child health.	collaborative studies to determine the consequences of pregnancy in hiv infected women have been begun in the last 2 years. both hiv and hiv antibodies pass through the placenta, and 30-50% of infants born to hiv infected mothers are infected in utero. in developed countries it is feasible to screen pregnant women in high risk groups for hiv positivity. in developing countries, where heterosexual transmission is the main route of infection, there are no high risk groups, and it is not feasibl ...	1988	3225025
pulmonary talc granulomatosis mimicking pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1988	3257152
correlation of bronchoalveolar lavage cell populations with clinical severity of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	we correlated bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) cell populations with clinical course and outcome in 19 patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. twelve patients demonstrated an elevated (greater than or equal to 5 percent) bal combined neutrophil and eosinophil count, which correlated with the magnitude of the alveolar-arterial po2 gradient. patients with elevated bal granulocytes also had significantly higher serum lactate dehydrogenase levels. three of th ...	1988	3257184
disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	a case of disseminated pneumocystosis occurring in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is described. postmortem examination of this patient, who had three episodes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during his 3-year clinical course, revealed clinically unsuspected infiltration of lymph nodes, spleen, adrenal glands, and bone marrow, in addition to persistent pulmonary infection by the organism.	1988	3257197
role of special stains in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii infection from bronchial washing specimens in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	fifty bronchial washing specimens from 36 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) were retrospectively reviewed to assess the sensitivity of the various special stains used to diagnose pneumocystis carinii. in 76% of the cases, the diff-quik stain was positive; it was the easiest and most rapid of the special stains used. the sensitivity was increased to 92%, 96% and 100%, respectively, by also doing cresyl echt violet, grocott's gomori methenamine silver and both the cresyl vio ...	1988	3257310
surgical management of spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	spontaneous pneumothorax has been reported with increasing frequency in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. in the past year, we treated 4 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax. all of them were treated with closed tube thoracostomy, and 1 patient with bilateral apical cysts eventually required bilateral thoracotomies and pleurectomies. only 1 patient had an uncomplicated hospital course. the remaining patients had prolonged air leaks, and 2 had ...	1988	3257374
attitudes of medical residents regarding intensive care for patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	we recently surveyed the medical house staff at the university of california, san francisco, and found that residents had a good understanding of the poor prognosis of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia who require intensive care for respiratory failure, and tended to favor early discussions with patients regarding resuscitation and intensive care. we used the same questionnaire to survey the house staffs of four other programs varying ...	1988	3257378
safety and efficacy of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim chemoprophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids.	the safety and efficacy of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were evaluated. sixty patients with a new diagnosis of kaposi's sarcoma and no history of opportunistic infections were randomly assigned to receive 800 mg of sulfamethoxazole and 160 mg of trimethoprim twice per day or no therapy. none of the 30 patients receiving sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim developed p carinii pneum ...	1988	3257532
pneumocystis carinii serologic study in pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	pneumocystis carinii antigen and igg antibody profiles were prepared on 17 pediatric patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) with pneumonia who were examined by a variety of invasive methods for p carinii organisms. overall, the accuracy of the antigen assay in invasively examined pediatric patients with aids with pneumonia was 94% (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 90%), as antigen and invasive test results agreed in 16 of 17 patients. no statistically significant differences in i ...	1988	3257637
alveolar-capillary block in patients with aids and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	to determine the value of subdividing diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (dl) in diagnosing and monitoring the course of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), we measured dl, membrane diffusing capacity (dm), and pulmonary capillary blood volume (vc) in 20 control subjects, 20 patients with a low dl (less than 75% predicted) and newly diagnosed pcp, and 16 patients with a low dl in most of whom pcp had been suspected and excluded. ten patients with pcp were restudied approximately 60 days af ...	1988	3257662
selective delivery of pentamidine to the lung by aerosol.	in 8 patients with diffuse infiltrates on chest radiograph undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy for suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, bronchoalveolar lavage sediment and supernatant concentrations of pentamidine were compared 18 to 24 h after administration of 4 mg/kg intravenous (n = 3) and aerosolized (n = 5) pentamidine isethionate. aerosol was inhaled for 35 to 40 min with 300 mg of pentamidine isethionate in a jet nebulizer, baffled to decrease the particle size to 1.42 micron +/- 1.8 ...	1988	3257663
transbronchial biopsy without fluoroscopy in patients with diffuse roentgenographic infiltrates and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	transbronchial biopsy with the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope is usually performed with the assistance of fluoroscopy in order to increase diagnostic yield and decrease the incidence of pneumothorax. we have compared the results of transbronchial biopsy performed with or without fluoroscopic guidance in patients with diffuse roentgenographic infiltrates who had or were suspected of having the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. neither the sensitivity for pneumocystis carinii (88.5 versus 92%) ...	1988	3257664
early predictors of in-hospital mortality for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.		1988	3257681
nomenclature for pneumocystis carinii.		1988	3257782
use of pneumocystis carinii genomic dna clones for dna hybridization analysis of infected human lungs.		1988	3257786
identification of antigens and antibodies specific for pneumocystis carinii.	to increase understanding of pneumocystis carinii and its interaction with its hosts, ag specific for rodent and human p. carinii were identified by the immunoblot method after page of p. carinii organism extracts. the m.w. of the major ag of rat p. carinii were 45,000, 110,000, and a broad band of 49,000 to 64,000, and of human p. carinii were 22,000, 24,000, and a broad band of 35,000 to 45,000 daltons. human and rat pneumocystis were not antigenically identical. specific antibodies against ra ...	1988	3257995
analysis of the developmental stages of pneumocystis carinii, in vitro.	rat derived pneumocystis carinii cultured in vitro was analyzed by a variety of light microscopic and staining techniques for identification of developmental stages and changes in these populations over time in culture. evaluation of culture dynamics based on a limited number of life cycle stages indicated that trophic replication contributed significantly to the observed growth in vitro. identification of additional life cycle stages, particularly early cyst forms, suggested that the process of ...	1988	3258045
fansidar and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1988	3258139
inhibitors of folic acid synthesis in the treatment of experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	inhibitors of folic acid synthesis were compared alone and in different combinations in the therapy of pneumocystosis in immunosuppressed rats. sulfonamides (sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine, and sulfadoxine) and sulfones (dapsone) used alone were very active against pneumocystis carinii, as judged by histologic examination of the lungs and by organism quantitation. improved efficacy could not be demonstrated by the addition of an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase to the regimen. dihydrofolate ...	1988	3258144
serum lactate dehydrogenase levels and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. diagnostic and prognostic significance.	the level of serum lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) has been reported to be useful as a marker of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). in this study, we evaluated the clinical role of measurements of ldh in determining diagnosis and prognosis in 84 patients infected with hiv who presented with pulmonary problems. the mean serum ldh level of the 54 patients with pcp was 361 iu, which was significantly higher than the mean of 224 iu foun ...	1988	3258483
an isolation method of dna from pneumocystis carinii: a quantitative comparison to known parasitic protozoan dna.	1. a method for isolating dna from pneumocystis carinii is described. 2. the dna content per nucleus is 0.22-0.34 pg. 3. this finding is consistent with other parasitic protozoa dna content per nuclei.	1988	3258559
elevated lactate dehydrogenase values in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	we investigated the source of elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) levels in seven patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) by analyzing blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) albumin (alb) and ldh, with isoenzyme fractionation. four patients with non-pcp lung disease served as control subjects. in pcp patients, bal ldh was sixfold higher, and bal alb, fourfold higher than in the non-pcp patients. the increased ldh/alb in bal as compared to serum, in addition to a bal isoenzyme p ...	1988	3258807
[bronchoscopic diagnosis of lung infiltrates in immunocompromised patients].	bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage was undertaken in 21 immunocompromised patients for microbiological and cytological diagnosis. in all of these patients radiologically confirmed pneumonic lesions had developed which, under empirical antibiotic treatment, had progressed or not clearly regressed. in four patients each the causative organisms of the pneumonia were identified as pneumocystis carinii and legionella, respectively, and aspergilla in a further three. proof of the causative organ ...	1988	3258814
distribution of pentamidine in patients with aids.	we used a bioassay to measure pentamidine concentrations in autopsy specimens from 22 patients with aids. patients received pentamidine isethionate (approximately 4 mg/kg per day) parenterally for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; one received monthly prophylaxis. we found that lung levels of 30 micrograms/g were achieved only after the fifth dose; tissue accumulation was usually greater in the liver, kidney, adrenal, and spleen than in the lung; detectable levels were present in some tissues as l ...	1988	3258901
distribution of digitonin-sterol complexes in pneumocystis carinii revealed by freeze-fracture method.		1988	3259211
empirical diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1988	3259270
[pneumocystis carinii: an atypical pseudotuberculous presentation].		1988	3259327
pneumocystis carinii.		1988	3259615
thymoma, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and aids.		1988	3260019
promising results with drugs for chemoprophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids.		1988	3260020
co-trimoxazole in patients with haematological malignancies: a review of 10-years' clinical experience.	co-trimoxazole has been used in a hospital for over 10 years as a major antibacterial agent in the treatment of malignant haematological diseases. routine selective gut decontamination with co-trimoxazole combined with colistine and an antifungal agent has led to a reduction in infections in neutropenic patients from 40% to 25% since the strategy was adopted, and this had been accompanied by a change in the most frequent pathogens, from gram-negative to gram-positive organisms. co-trimoxazole ha ...	1988	3260168
presentation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as unilateral hyperlucent lung.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) presented as unilateral hyperlucent lung in a 27-month-old patient with a brain tumor who was receiving chemotherapy. although unilateral pneumonia is an uncommon presentation of pcp in non-aids patients, pcp must be suspected in any pediatric cancer patient not receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis and receiving intensive chemotherapy.	1988	3260171
atypical roentgenographic manifestations of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids.		1988	3260172
new rat model of pneumocystis carinii infection.	rats free of latent pneumocystis carinii organisms were immunosuppressed with adrenal corticosteroids and transtracheally injected with p. carinii. these animals subsequently developed p. carinii pneumonia. infection was accomplished by using organisms from infected rat lung or from culture. diffuse infection was produced with no significant differences in the numbers of organisms found in various lobes of the lungs. infections progressed over time so that by 6 weeks postinoculation all animals ...	1988	3260241
observations favouring pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as a primary infection: a monoclonal antibody study on paraffin sections.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is characteristic of immunodeficiency and the organism is probably acquired during early childhood. since infection is only manifest in the lungs, it has been presumed that the organism lies dormant in these tissues following the primary infection. conventional staining procedures have, however, failed in the absence of pneumonia to demonstrate consistently any forms of pneumocystis carinii. to study this problem further, lung sections and hilar lymph nodes from im ...	1988	3260275
primary cryptococcal pneumonia mimicking pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with aids.		1988	3260347
pneumocystis carinii in bone marrow.		1988	3260460
[side effects of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in patients with aids].	forty-nine episodes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole among 46 patients with aids were analysed retrospectively for any side effects. for only two were there insufficient data. there were 39 toxic reactions, 15 of them serious: leukopenia (n = 23), abnormal liver functions (n = 14), skin changes (n = 12), gastrointestinal complaints (n = 10) and thrombocytopenia (n = 9). in nine patients the treatment had to be discontinued, in six of them so early tha ...	1988	3260553
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole desensitization in aids.	trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tms) desensitization was carried out in three patients with aids and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in whom treatment with tms had to be discontinued after 8 to 12 days due to an allergic reaction. although the pneumonia was under control we decided for a desensitization to tms because of the frequent reinfection and the high mortality rate particularly if treatment is incomplete. on the first day the patients took 0.4 mg/2 mg trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or ...	1988	3260637
management of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the immunocompromised host.	from 1982 to 1987, 22 patients with proven pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were diagnosed at wellington hospital. patients comprised 15 males and 7 females aged 15-76 years and included seven with aids, eight with haematological malignancy and seven with renal disease. two distinct clinical prodromes occurred. in renal patients a classic fulminating pneumonitis developed over 24 to 72 hours. in patients with aids a more indolent illness occurred lasting 3 or more weeks and was characterised by fe ...	1988	3260663
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole compared with pentamidine for treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. a prospective, noncrossover study.	to ascertain the efficacy and toxicity of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or pentamidine when either is given alone during the entire treatment period for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids).	1988	3260759
comparison of dosages, intervals, and drugs in the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	the efficacies of trimethoprim (tmp)-sulfamethoxazole (smz), tmp-dapsone, dapsone, and pentamidine were compared for the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the corticosteroid-treated-rat model. while 11 (73%) of 15 untreated control animals had p. carinii pneumonia after 10 weeks of immunosuppression, none of the animals given 125 mg of dapsone per kg daily, weekly, biweekly, or monthly had evidence of infection. of the 10 rats given a single dose of dapsone 23 and 50 days after imm ...	1988	3260765
rapid diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii using dark-field microscopy on bronchoalveolar lavage. brief report.	20 lavages from patients with pulmonary infiltrates were microscopically studied by a rapid dark field assay and after methenamine silver staining. in 8 samples typical pneumocystis carinii cysts were identified in the methenamine silver-slides and in 7 of these clusters of round spawn-like particles were also seen in the dark field microscope. one test was "false negative" in the dark field assay due to presence of too few pneumocystes. another test was "false positive" due to presence of candi ...	1988	3260787
bilateral upper lobe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient receiving inhaled pentamidine prophylaxis.	a 46-year-old man with aids, receiving inhaled pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis, developed bilateral upper lobe infiltrates. bronchoalveolar lavage confirmed the diagnosis of pcp. therapy with intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) was begun, with gradual resolution of these infiltrates noted. an explanation for the development of upper lobe pcp, despite aerosol chemoprophylaxis, is presented and emphasizes the importance of aerosol particle size (and ...	1988	3260848
chemoprophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids.		1988	3260965
respiratory failure in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex.	acute respiratory failure has a high mortality in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). this study was undertaken to determine the etiology of acute respiratory failure and the outcome of children with aids and aids-related complex. records of 31 children with aids or aids-related complex admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit for acute respiratory failure throughout a 46-month period were reviewed. acute respiratory failure was due to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in ...	1988	3261005
pneumocystis carinii otitis media and mastoiditis as the initial manifestation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.		1988	3261130
[a case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome complicated with extrapulmonary lesions of pneumocystis carinii].		1988	3261322
[a study of chemoprophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].		1988	3261364
pneumocystis carinii thyroiditis.	a 38-year-old black man with a history of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome associated with intravenous drug abuse presented with two weeks of left-sided neck swelling. results of thyroid function tests were within normal limits. thyroid scan demonstrated nonvisualization of the left lobe. fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid revealed the presence of pneumocystis carinii organisms in the thyroid tissue. although chest radiography and computerized tomography of the chest detected several nodule ...	1988	3261538
pneumocystis carinii in the temporal bone as a primary manifestation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	extrapulmonary infection with pneumocystis carinii is rare and is usually associated with severe systemic illness. we report, in two patients, the histologic, ultrastructural, and monoclonal cell surface antibody identification of p carinii in otic polyps. both patients had serum antibody to human immunodeficiency virus. these p carinii infections in the temporal bone are unusual in their location and in the apparent absence of associated pulmonary infection. this otologic presentation was the p ...	1988	3261563
t4/t8 ratio and absolute t4 cell numbers in different clinical stages of kaposi's sarcoma in aids.	thirty-seven men (36 homosexual or bisexual and one heterosexual) with epidemic kaposi's sarcoma and underlying hiv infection were followed up over a period of up to 32 months. fourteen patients (38%) died, with a median survival time of 7.2 months after the diagnosis of aids. seventeen patients (46%) presented with one or more opportunistic infections, mostly pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. eighteen patients (49%) had lymphadenopathy syndrome according to the definition of the cdc. using the la ...	1988	3261596
granulomatous pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in three patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a frequent manifestation of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). it usually presents radiologically as diffuse bilateral infiltrates and histologically as a foamy, eosinophilic intra-alveolar exudate containing the organisms' cysts. we recently studied two rare cases of p carinii pneumonia presenting as pulmonary nodules on chest x-ray films in two patients with aids. the corresponding histologies were a combination of the usual intra-alveolar pattern ...	1988	3261680
pneumocystis carinii antigenemia in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	the present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and significance of pneumocystis carinii antigenemia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and clinically or invasively diagnosed p. carinii pneumonitis. single serum specimens from 20 aids patients invasively examined for p. carinii organisms and 106 aids patients with a clinical diagnosis only of p. carinii pneumonitis were blindly tested for p. carinii antigenemia by a counterimmunoelectrophoresis assay. in the 2 ...	1988	3261737
granulomatous pulmonary lesions in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii infection.		1988	3261957
activity of clindamycin with primaquine against pneumocystis carinii in vitro and in vivo.	the combination of primaquine with clindamycin is effective in both in vitro and in vivo models of pneumocystis infection. primaquine alone at concentrations from 10 to 300 micrograms/ml reduced the numbers of organisms in cultures to less than 7% of control. significant inhibition was observed down to 0.1 microgram/ml. clindamycin at 5 micrograms/ml was ineffective alone. combinations of clindamycin and primaquine in culture at various concentrations were effective, but there was no evidence of ...	1988	3261959
lung function abnormalities in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus with and without overt pneumonitis.	pulmonary function was measured in 169 male patients seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the transfer factor for carbon monoxide (tlco) in symptom free patients and patients with persistent generalised lymphadenopathy was normal (greater than 83% of predicted values). patients with the aids related complex, non-pulmonary kaposi sarcoma, and non-pulmonary non-kaposi sarcoma aids (that is, opportunist infections affecting other organs) had lower mean values for tlco (77%, 70%, ...	1988	3262243
negative gallium 67 uptake with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1988	3262483
purification and initial characterization of a ferret pneumocystis carinii surface antigen.	the purification and initial characterization of a ferret pneumocystis carinii surface glycoprotein is described. previous studies have demonstrated that passive administration of monoclonal antibody recognizing this glycoprotein reduces the severity of p. carinii pneumonitis in animal models of infection. this acidic glycoprotein (approximate isoelectric point, 5.0-5.7) contains both mannose (and/or glucose) and n-acetyl-glucosamine residues. the cross-reactive surface antigen on p. carinii of ...	1988	3262695
cloning of dna from pneumocystis carinii.		1988	3262696
67ga citrate scanning, x-ray computed tomography and chest x-ray in the study of interstitial pneumonia in patients with aids.	problems in the investigation of pulmonary interstitial pneumocystis carinii in aids patients in the early phase with 67ga, high-resolution ct scan and chest x-ray are discussed, and a clinical study of 12 individuals is presented. the combination of the three examinations is useful in reducing false negative cases. the use of 67ga scanning, chest x-ray and high-resolution ct is also proposed in the follow-up of aids patients during remission of their lung pathology.	1988	3262841
human immunodeficiency virus infection in hemophilic children.	the following groups were compared: (1) children less than 18 years old who have hemophilia-associated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) with other children with aids and with adults who have hemophilia-associated aids and (2) asymptomatic hiv-infected hemophilic children with asymptomatic hiv-infected hemophilic adults. children with hemophilia-associated aids were older than other children with aids (medians 13 and 1 years, respectively) and less frequently had lymphocytic interstitial ...	1988	3262856
[opportunistic parasitic diseases and mycoses in aids. their frequencies in brazzaville (congo)].	to determine the frequency of opportunistic parasitic and mycotic diseases in adult aids patients in the congo, a study was conducted at l'hôpital universitaire de brazzaville in 1986 and 1987. diagnosis of aids was made using the who clinical definition for africa (bangui, 1985) and hiv seropositivity pasteur elisa test. oral pharyngeal candidiasis occurred in 36% of cases. intestinal parasitic profile found in 118 patients, 2/3 of whom were associated with chronic diarrhoea showed clearly rela ...	1988	3263218
serum lactate dehydrogenase activity in patients with aids and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. an adjunct to diagnosis.	we investigated whether serum lactate dehydrogenase activity (ld) is significantly elevated in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) when compared to patients with non-pneumocystis pneumonia. we measured ld (u/l), blood total lymphocyte count (1,000/cu mm), and alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference p(a-a)o2 (mm hg), in 30 patients with aids and pcp (group 1), four patients with aids or aids-related complex (arc) and non-pneumocysti ...	1988	3263259
focal lung uptake of gallium-67 in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome secondary to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	it is generally accepted that the lung uptake of 67ga in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is diffuse and bilateral. three cases of focal lung uptake of 67ga in aids patients with pcp but without other opportunistic infection are described. while focal lung uptake is characteristic of opportunistic infections other than pcp, we wish to emphasize that focal uptake of gallium in the chest does not rule out pcp and may represent its earliest stage of presentation.	1988	3263273
optimal use of the cytocentrifuge for recovery and diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage and sputum specimens.	to facilitate the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii from bronchoalveolar lavage and sputum specimens, we have defined conditions for optimal use of the cytocentrifuge for this purpose. centrifugation in the cytocentrifuge at 1,200 rpm for 10 min yielded the best recovery of p. carinii. to reliably ensure complete absorption of the fluid specimen from the cytocentrifuge chamber, it was necessary to use two absorption filters simultaneously. different methods of treating induced sputum with mucoly ...	1988	3263385
pneumocystis carinii antigen detection in rat serum and lung lavage.	we developed a modified double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) that detected relatively low concentrations of known pneumocystis carinii antigen added to buffer or rat sera. artificial immunization-derived polyclonal rabbit anti-p. carinii antibody was used on the solid phase to capture the antigen. infection-derived (after p. carinii pneumonia) polyclonal rat anti-p. carinii antibody or a mixture of five murine monoclonal antibodies was used as the antigen detector a ...	1988	3263387
lack of detectable activity of ornithine decarboxylase in pneumocystis carinii.		1988	3263448
survival experience among patients with aids receiving zidovudine. follow-up of patients in a compassionate plea program.	through a compassionate plea program (treatment investigational new drug), 4805 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who previously had experienced pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) received zidovudine (retrovir, formerly azidothymidine). overall survival at 44 weeks after initiation of therapy was 73% (+/- 2.1%). a positive association was found between survival and pretherapy clinical status as defined by hemoglobin level, functional ability, and stage of disease as measured by ...	1988	3263514
hypogammaglobulinemia and depressed natural killer cell cytotoxicity in a patient with pneumocystis carinii infection.		1988	3263615
cryptococcal anal ulceration in a patient with aids.	we report the case of an african patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) who had a chronic cryptococcal rectal abscess with anal fistula and a disseminated neurologic and bony fungal disease, associated with pulmonary infiltration due to pneumocystis carinii. the anal lesion was surgically excised because of failure of the medical treatment. although clinical intestinal cryptococcal involvement is quite rare, the experience here recorded should draw physicians' attention to the p ...	1988	3263794
pneumocystis carinii otitis media.		1988	3263802
concentrations of aerosolized pentamidine in bronchoalveolar lavage, systemic absorption, and excretion.	pentamidine pulmonary pharmacokinetics were studied in 13 patients receiving once-daily inhaled therapy and 4 patients receiving low-dose intravenous treatment for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. twenty-four hours after inhaled or intravenous therapy, the mean (+/- standard deviation) concentrations of pentamidine in serial bronchoalveolar specimen fluid ranged from 28.6 +/- 10 to 177.5 +/- 28 ng/ml and 6.05 +/- 2.29 to 21.4 +/- 15.7 ng/ml, respectively. pentamidine concentrations in brochoalveo ...	1988	3263832
dapsone treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	all patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome treated for their first episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia at san francisco general hospital between 1 april 1985 and 15 july 1985 were evaluated for their response to treatment with dapsone (100 mg/day) by mouth for 21 days. of 44 patients evaluated, 18 were eligible for the study. of these 18 patients, the conditions of 7 of them worsened or failed to improve during treatment with dapsone and they were considered treatment failure ...	1988	3263834
aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia successfully treated with dapsone-trimethoprim.		1988	3263877
recurrent ventricular tachycardia due to pentamidine-induced cardiotoxicity.	although pentamidine isethionate is effective in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, it frequently causes serious adverse reactions. we report a case of reversible pentamidine-induced cardiotoxicity, characterized electrocardiographically by prolongation of the qt interval, t-wave inversion, and electrical alternans of the u-wave. in addition, the patient had repeated episodes of ventricular tachycardia that culminated in torsades de pointes. our case re-emphasizes the need for clos ...	1988	3263912
cunninghamella bertholletiae and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as a fatal complication of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.	a unique patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia died with pneumonia caused by both cunninghamella bertholletiae and pneumocystis carinii. in tissue sections, the hyphae of c bertholletiae were twisted and ribbon-like, but were smaller than those typical for zygomycetes, displayed more than occasional septa, and exhibited y branching, making histologic distinction from aspergillus sp difficult.	1988	3263936
management of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids and other conditions: experience in a philadelphia university teaching hospital.	we reviewed the records of 49 patients who had 55 episodes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) from january 1984 to january 1987. thirty-three patients had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), with the risk groups being homosexual/bisexual practices (26), hemophilia (6), and blood transfusion (1). fourteen patients had a history of malignancy or chemotherapy and two underwent organ transplantation. overall response to therapy of pcp was 75% (77% of patients with aids, 68% of those with ...	1988	3264066
atypical presentation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient receiving inhalational pentamidine.		1988	3264112
fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis during prophylaxis with pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected person.	the combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine (fansidar) has been reported to cause severe skin reactions including erythema multiforme, stevens-johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. recently, this drug combination has been used for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. after two months of weekly prophylaxis with pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine, a 48-year-old homosexual man who was antibody positive for human immunodef ...	1988	3264143
glycoproteins of pneumocystis carinii: characterization by electrophoresis and microscopy.	glycoproteins are integral components of cell-surface structure and participate in adherence of pathogenic microbes to host cells. we have initiated studies of the glycoproteins of pneumocystis carinii. biotin-conjugated lectins, followed by reaction with avidin-peroxidase, were used to detect glycoproteins in electrophoretically separated proteins of p. carinii and on whole organisms when using light microscopy. glycoproteins of p. carinii were clearly different from rat cell glycoproteins. mul ...	1988	3264315
survival and prognostic factors in severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation.	severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) necessitating mechanical ventilation has been associated with a high mortality rate in several previous studies. this has discouraged physicians from recommending, as well as patients from accepting, mechanical ventilation when respiratory failure developed. analysis of 19 records of patients with first episode pcp who were intubated and received mechanical ventilation showed a mortality of 57.8%. a constellation of clinical and laboratory findings was ...	1988	3264473
controversies in pulmonary medicine. presumed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia should be treated empirically in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.		1988	3264479
immunodeficiency in preclinical smoldering adult t-cell leukemia.	we treated two japanese patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. inclusion bodies in both adrenal glands of patient no. 1 indicated a herpesvirus infection. the patient no. 2 recovered from the pneumonia upon sulfametoxazole-trimethoprim medication and high-dose methylprednisolone therapy. in both patients, anti-human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) antibodies were positive and anti-human immunodeficiency virus antibodies were negative. peripheral leukocytes in patient no. 1 numbered ...	1988	3264588
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as a complication of desferrioxamine therapy.		1988	3264719
kaposi's sarcoma involving the lung in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	to determine the distinguishing features of pulmonary kaposi's sarcoma (ks) in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), we compared three groups of patients, 16 with endobronchial ks, 15 with endobronchial ks and an opportunistic lung infection, and 40 with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) without concomitant pulmonary ks. the majority of pulmonary ks patients had extensive cutaneous disease at the time of pulmonary diagnosis, and the diagnosis of pulmonary ks was easily ...	1988	3265151
the possible role of corticosteroid therapy for pneumocystis pneumonia in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids).	twenty-one episodes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) were treated with corticosteroids in the form of intravenous methylprednisolone or oral prednisone. a standard dose of 80 mg/day x 5 days was given for 15 episodes, whereas 6 patients received variable doses of 20-120 mg/day x 4-20 days. all were treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx). comparison was made with 12 aids patients with pcp who were not treated with steroids. t ...	1988	3265156
effect of folic and folinic acid on cytopenia occurring during co-trimoxazole treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	12 aids/arc patients with or suspected of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were treated with co-trimoxazole and received supplementary folic or folinic acid to avoid peripheral blood cytopenia. most patients developed decreased numbers of neutrophils and hemoglobin while receiving co-trimoxazole. supplementary folate/folinate could not abolish the drug-induced cytopenia. routine prescription of folinic acid is not recommended. folic acid is cheap and may be beneficial and should be prescribed.	1988	3265540
serum lactic dehydrogenase predicts mortality in patients with aids and pneumocystis pneumonia.	serum lactic dehydrogenase (ldh) activity was compared with mortality in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during the first four days of admission to assess the test's predictive value. in 30 admissions, 29 patients who survived an episode of pneumocystis pneumonia had a mean ldh value of 385 iu, with five values greater than 520 iu. eight with pneumonia who died had a mean value of 926 iu: all had values higher than 520 iu. the mean l ...	1988	3265825
cavitation as an unusual roentgenographic manifestation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.		1988	3265997
aerosol pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1988	3266146
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a htlv-i carrier terminating with acute type of adult t-cell leukemia].		1988	3266259