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[x-ray diffraction study of high hydrostatic pressure on crystalline structure of different type starches].crystalline changes of different type starches after high hydrostatic pressure treated under 300, 450, 600 mpa were studied by x-ray diffraction. waxy maize (a type, 100% amylopectin), hylon vii (b type, 30% amylopectin) and tapioca starch (c type, 83% amylopectin) were chosen. the results indicated that for waxy maize starch, annealing effect was observed at 300 mpa, disappearance of crystalline structure happened at 450 mpa and retrogradation at 600 mpa. the results proved that the granule und ...201223240443
characterization of carotenoid-protein complexes and gene expression analysis associated with carotenoid sequestration in pigmented cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) storage root.carotenoid-protein complex (cpc) was isolated from chromoplast-enriched suspensions of cassava storage root (csr) using size exclusion chromatography and characterized. peptide sequences (lc_ms/ms spectrum) obtained from cpc and their corresponding proteins were obtained using publically available databases. small heat shock proteins (shsps) were the most abundant proteins identified in the cpc. western blot analysis showed that fribrillin and or-protein were present in chromoplast-enriched susp ...201223230451
iron and protein biofortification of cassava: lessons learned.over two hundred and fifty million africans rely on the starchy root crop cassava (manihot esculenta) as their primary source of calories. cassava roots, however, have the lowest protein:energy ratio of all the world's major staple crops. furthermore, a typical cassava-based diet provides less than 10-20% of the required amounts of iron, zinc, vitamin a and vitamin e. the biocassava plus program employed modern biotechnologies to improve the health of africans through development and delivery of ...201222226461
hydroxypropylated distarch phosphate versus unmodified tapioca starch: fat oxidation and endurance in c57bl/6j mice.an rs4-type resistant starch is a chemically modified starch that shows reduced availability in comparison to the corresponding unmodified starch. hydroxypropylated distarch phosphate (hdp) is an rs4-type resistant starch that increases energy expenditure and prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity through increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation. the aim of this study was to clarify the acute effects of hdp from tapioca starch (hpdtsp) on physical performance in mice. male c57bl/6j mice were used ...201222270482
a reliable and efficient method for total rna isolation from various members of spurge family (euphorbiaceae).it is prerequisite and crucial to extract rna with high quality and integrity in order to carry out molecular biology studies in any plant species of a family. euphorbiaceae members are known for high levels of their waxes, oils with polysaccharides, polyphenolics and secondary metabolites. these conditions are recognised to interfere unfavourably with various methodologies of rna isolation.201220135710
effect of fibre level and fibre source on gut morphology and micro-environment in local (mong cai) and exotic (landrace×yorkshire) pigs.the effect of genotype, fibre level and fibre source on gut morphology, environment and microflora was studied using 18 mong cai (mc) and 18 landrace×yorkshire (ly) pigs, aged around 60 d. the diets were based on maize, rice bran, soybean meal, fish meal and soybean oil, and cassava residue (cr) or brewer's grain (bg) as fibrous ingredient sources in the high-fibre diets (hf). a low-fibre diet (lf), containing around 200 g ndf/kg dry matter (dm), was formulated without cr and bg as feed ingredie ...201225049538
metabolic engineering of klebsiella oxytoca m5a1 to produce optically pure d-lactate in mineral salts medium.klebsiella oxytoca strains were constructed to produce optical pure d-lactate by ph-controlled batch fermentation in mineral salts medium. the alcohol dehydrogenase gene, adhe, and the phospho-transacetylase/acetate kinase a genes, pta-acka, were deleted from the wild type. kms002 (δadhe) and kms004 (δadhe δpta-acka) exhibited d-lactate production as a primary pathway for the regeneration of nad(+). both strains produced 11-13 g/l of d-lactate in medium containing 2% (w/v) glucose with yields of ...201222728200
molecular studies on the transmission of indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv) and sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv) in cassava by bemisia tabaci and cloning of icmv and slcmv replicase gene from cassava.cassava mosaic disease, caused by cassava mosaic geminiviruses are transmitted by bemisia tabaci. the b. tabaci adults from colonies reared on virus free cassava plant produced from apical meristem culture was studied to determine their ability to transmit indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv) and sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv) from cassava to cassava. virus free plants were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using geminivirus degenerate primers. the virus acquisition access peri ...201222302313
a novel cassava-infecting begomovirus from madagascar: cassava mosaic madagascar virus.cassava mosaic geminiviruses (cmgs) are implicated in cassava mosaic disease (cmd), the main constraint to cassava production in africa. here, we report the complete nucleotide sequences of the dna-a and dna-b of a newly characterized cmg found infecting cassava in madagascar, for which we propose the tentative name cassava mosaic madagascar virus. with the exception of two recombinant regions that resembled a cmg, we determined that the non-recombinant part of the dna-a component is distantly r ...201222777180
pcr-rflp analysis indicates that recombination might be a common occurrence among the cassava infecting begomoviruses in india.cassava mosaic disease (cmd) is caused in india by two bipartite begomoviruses, indian cassava mosaic virus (icmv), and sri lankan cassava mosaic virus (slcmv). polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) was used as a rapid means of investigating the molecular diversity of icmv and slcmv in 38 samples of cmd-affected cassava plants under field conditions in new areas of cassava cultivation, along with traditional areas in southern india. a very large proportion ...201222696049
acromyrmex octospinosus (hymenoptera: formicidae) management: effects of tramils fungicidal plant extracts.leaf-cutting ants, acromyrmex octospinosus (reich), are considering among the most important pest species of the new world. until now, the main insecticides used for controlling these ants were synthetic chemicals. leaf-cutting ants live in obligate symbiosis with abasidiomycete fungus, leucocoprinus gongylophorus (heim) moeller. the crucial role of this symbiotic partner in the nest of leaf-cutting ants has prompted us to focus on a. octospinosus management through the use of fungicides in our ...201222928301
characteristics and malaria prevalence of migrant populations in malaria-endemic areas along the thai-cambodian border.the rise of artemisinin resistant plasmodium falciparum along the thai-cambodian border is an urgent public health threat. we conducted an employer-based survey of migrant workers in two provinces in thailand along the thai-cambodian border to explore socio-economic conditions, bednet ownership, and parasite prevalence among migrant workers. five thousand three hundred seventy-one migrant workers were enrolled in this study; 56.9% were male. cambodians comprised 69.0%, migrants from myanmar comp ...201223082578
direct fermentation of l (+)-lactic acid from cassava pulp by solid state culture of rhizopus oryzae.this study shows that rhizopus oryzae is capable of directly utilizing cassava pulp alone to l-lactic acid in solid state fermentation (ssf). ph control at 6.0 helped prevent end product inhibition. increasing lactate titer was observed at the higher initial moistened water due to the higher degree of substrate swelling and hydrolysis. with shaking, limited ethanol production but no change in lactate titer was observed. rigorous shaking gave better oxygen transfer but presumably caused cell dama ...201222476767
yeast extract promotes phase shift of bio-butanol fermentation by clostridium acetobutylicum atcc824 using cassava as substrate.when fermenting on cassava (15-25%, w/v) with clostridium acetobutylicum atcc824, a severe delay (18-40 h) was observed in the phase shift from acidogenesis to solventogenesis, compared to the cases of fermenting on corn. by adding yeast extract (2.5 g/l-broth) into cassava meal medium when the delay appeared, the phase shift was triggered and fermentation performances were consequently improved. total butanol concentrations/butanol productivities, compared to those with cassava substrate alone, ...201223023236
influence of nitrogen sources on ethanol fermentation in an integrated ethanol-methane fermentation system.an integrated ethanol-methane fermentation system was proposed to resolve wastewater pollution in cassava ethanol production. in the integrated system, wastewater originating from ethanol distillation was treated by two-stage anaerobic digestion and then used in medium for the next batch of ethanol fermentation. ammonium and other components in the effluent promoted yeast growth and fermentation rate but did not increase the yield of ethanol. fermentations with the effluent as the nitrogen sourc ...201222804850
a comparison of the production of ethanol between simultaneous saccharification and fermentation and separate hydrolysis and fermentation using unpretreated cassava pulp and enzyme cocktail.the processes of separate hydrolysis and fermentation (shf) and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) were employed using saccharomyces cerevisiae for the production of ethanol from cassava pulp without any pretreatment. a combination of amylase, cellulase, cellobiase, and glucoamylase produced the highest levels of ethanol production in both the shf and the ssf method. a temperature of 37 °c, a ph of 5.0, and an inoculum size of 6% were the optimum conditions for ssf. for the bat ...201222484928
[identification and characterization of a flavonoid-3-o-glucosyltransferase gene from saussurea involucrata].the flavonoid-3-o-glucosyltransferas (3gt) is one of the most important enzymes for biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites. in this paper, the homology analysis and gene special primers design were used. with the methods of modern molecular biology, the full-length gene of 3gt (genbank accession no. jn092127) which was cloned from saussurea involucrata kar. et kir by rt-pcr and race. the cdna sequence of 3gt consisted of 1548 bp open reading frame (orf) encoding 516 amino acid, the deduced ...201223016307
complete genome sequencing of two causative viruses of cassava mosaic disease in ghana.cassava mosaic disease (cmv), caused by one or a combination of cassava mosaic geminiviruses, is ranked among the most important constraints to profitable and efficient production of cassava. effective control measures require in-depth knowledge of the viral causative agent. using rolling-circle amplification and unique enzymes, the full genome of two species of cassava mosaic geminivirus isolated from infected cassava plants in ghana were cloned into pcambia 1300 and pet-28b. the sequences of t ...201223237086
east african cassava mosaic-like viruses from africa to indian ocean islands: molecular diversity, evolutionary history and geographical dissemination of a bipartite begomovirus.cassava (manihot esculenta) is a major food source for over 200 million sub-saharan africans. unfortunately, its cultivation is severely hampered by cassava mosaic disease (cmd). caused by a complex of bipartite cassava mosaic geminiviruses (cmg) species (family: geminivirideae; genus: begomovirus) cmd has been widely described throughout africa and it is apparent that cmg's are expanding their geographical distribution. determining where and when cmg movements have occurred could help curtail i ...201223186303
phylogeny, coat protein genetic variability, and transmission via seeds of hosta virus x.the complete genome of hosta virus x (hvx), which is thought to be a distinct species of potexvirus, was sequenced. nucleotide sequences of hvx were compared with those of other members of the genus potexvirus and phylogenetic tree was constructed. the range of identities of viral replicase open reading frame 1 (orf1) between hvx and other potexviruses were 43.1%-55.1% and 35.9%-46.6% at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively. phylogenetic analysis was performed according to the amin ...201222453807
microbiological and physicochemical characterisation of caxiri, an alcoholic beverage produced by the indigenous juruna people of brazil.caxiri is a traditional fermented alcoholic beverage produced from cassava and sweet potatoes by the indigenous juruna or yudjá people in brazil. our results showed that caxiri fermentation is invariably associated with the following: (i) an increase in the total microbial population, with yeast being the largest group detected; (ii) a decrease in reducing sugars, malic, tartaric, succinic, oxalic and propionic acid; and (iii) a final product characterised by a high content of ethanol and a high ...201222497838
exploiting the combination of natural and genetically engineered resistance to cassava mosaic and cassava brown streak viruses impacting cassava production in africa.cassava brown streak disease (cbsd) and cassava mosaic disease (cmd) are currently two major viral diseases that severely reduce cassava production in large areas of sub-saharan africa. natural resistance has so far only been reported for cmd in cassava. cbsd is caused by two virus species, cassava brown streak virus (cbsv) and ugandan cassava brown streak virus (ucbsv). a sequence of the cbsv coat protein (cp) highly conserved between the two virus species was used to demonstrate that a cbsv-cp ...201223049780
transgenic rna interference (rnai)-derived field resistance to cassava brown streak disease.cassava brown streak disease (cbsd), caused by the ipomoviruses cassava brown streak virus (cbsv) and ugandan cassava brown streak virus (ucbsv), is considered to be an imminent threat to food security in tropical africa. cassava plants were transgenically modified to generate small interfering rnas (sirnas) from truncated full-length (894-bp) and n-terminal (402-bp) portions of the ucbsv coat protein (δcp) sequence. seven sirna-producing lines from each gene construct were tested under confined ...201222845735
unintended consequences of bioethanol feedstock choice in china.economic, energy, and environmental impacts of 11 types of bioethanol feedstock in china were evaluated using a mixed-unit input-output life cycle assessment model. corn grain and wheat grain had higher negative economic, energy, and environmental impacts. sweet sorghum, cassava, sugar beet, and sugarcane showed better economic performance but increasing negative energy and environmental impacts. cellulose-based feedstocks in general showed positive economic, energy, and environmental performanc ...201223070140
effect of cassava hay and rice bran oil supplementation on rumen fermentation, milk yield and milk composition in lactating dairy cows.four crossbred (75% holstein friesian) lactating dairy cows, with an average live weight of 418±5 kg and 36±10 d in milk were randomly assigned according to a 2×2 factorial arrangement in a 4×4 latin square design to evaluate the effects of cassava hay (ch) and rice bran oil (rbo) on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, milk yield, and milk composition. factor a was non-supplementation or supplementation with ch in the concentrate. factor b was supplementation with rbo at 0 ...201225049491
the effects of additives in napier grass silages on chemical composition, feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation.the effect of silage additives on ensiling characteristics and nutritive value of napier grass (pennisetum purpureum) silages was studied. napier grass silages were made with no additive, fermented juice of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (fjlb), molasses or cassava meal. the ensiling characteristics were determined by ensiling napier grass silages in airtight plastic pouches for 2, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 45 d. the effect of napier grass silages treated with these additives on voluntary feed intake, di ...201225049687
evaluation of a nutrition model in predicting performance of vietnamese cattle.the objective of this study was to evaluate the predictions of dry matter intake (dm) and average daily gain (adg) of vietnamese yellow (vang) purebred and crossbred (vang with red sindhi or brahman) bulls fed under vietnamese conditions using two levels of solution (1 and 2) of the large ruminant nutrition system (lrns) model. animal information and feed chemical characterization were obtained from five studies. the initial mean body weight (bw) of the animals was 186, with standard deviation ± ...201225049686
feed intake, digestibility, and n retention in cattle fed rice straw and para grass combined with different levels of protein derived from cassava foliage.eight male cattle of local yellow breed with an average live weight of 121 kg and an average age of 18 months were used to evaluate the effects of different levels of sun-dried cassava foliage supplementation (manihot esculenta) on intake, digestibility and n retention. rice straw ad libitum and para grass (brachiaria mutica) at 1% dm of bw comprised the basal diet. the study was arranged as a 4×4 double latin square design, with cassava foliage contributing 0, 0.8, 1.6 or 2.4 g cp/kg bw. the ca ...201225049650
effect of ground corn cob replacement for cassava chip on feed intake, rumen fermentation and urinary derivatives in swamp buffaloes.four thai - rumen fistulated male swamp buffaloes (bubalus bubalis), about four years old with 400±20 kg liveweight, were randomly assigned according to a 4×4 latin square design to receive dietary treatments. the treatments were: ground corn cob (gcc) replacement for cassava chip (cc) in concentrate at 0% (t1); gcc replacement at 33% (t2); gcc replacement at 67% (t3); and gcc replacement at 100% (t4), respectively. during the experiment, concentrate was offered at 0.5% bw while 5% urea-treated ...201225049671
biological invasions of geminiviruses: case study of tylcv and bemisia tabaci in reunion island.in the last 20 years, molecular ecology approaches have proven to be extremely useful to identify and assess factors associated with viral emerging diseases, particularly in economically and socially important tropical crops such as maize (maize streak disease) and cassava (cassava mosaic disease). molecular ecology approaches were applied in reunion island to analyze the epidemic of tomato yellow leaf curl disease, which has been affecting the island since the end of the 1990s. before the invas ...201223235470
in vitro ovicidal and larvicidal activity of methanolic leaf extract of manihot esculenta (cassava) on susceptible and resistant strains of trichostrongylus colubriformis.this study aimed to represent the first report of the ovicidal and larvicidal activity of the methanolic leaf extract of manihot esculenta (cassava) against eggs and larvae of susceptible and resistant strains of trichostrongylus colubriformis. as well as, to determine the total tannin compounds, antioxidant activity and toxicity of the extract. the egg hatch test was used to evaluate ovicidal activity against unembryonated eggs, whereas larval feeding inhibition assay and mtt-formazan assay wer ...201222749290
construction of effective inverted repeat silencing constructs using sodium bisulfite treatment coupled with strand-specific pcr.rna silencing has been exploited to produce transgenic plants with resistance to viral pathogens via posttranscriptional gene silencing (ptgs). in some cases, this technology is difficult to apply due to the instability of inverted repeat (ir) constructs during cloning and plant transformation. although such constructs have been shown to be stabilized with introns and efficiently induce rna silencing, we found that the pdk intron did not stabilize south african cassava mosaic virus (sacmv) silen ...201222482441
in vitro activity of neem (azadirachta indica) and cassava (manihot esculenta) on three pre-parasitic stages of susceptible and resistant strains of teladorsagia (ostertagia) circumcincta.anthelmintic resistance of gastrointestinal nematodes is considered as one of the main limiting factors causing significant economic losses to the small ruminant industry. the anthelmintic properties of some plants are among the suggested alternative solutions to control these parasitic worms. the present study investigated the anthelmintic activity of neem (azadirachta indica) and cassava (manihot esculenta) leaf extracts against the susceptible and resistant strains of one of the most importan ...201222455724
snails and slugs damaging the cut foliage, cordyline fruticosa and use of biorationals towards their management.snails and slugs became a serious molluscan pests and damaging leaves of purple compacta, cordyline fruticosa extensively grown for export at green farm ltd, sri lanka. the export quality of leaves of c. fruticosa is lowered due to feeding of snails, achantina fulica (bowditch), opeas pyrgula schmacker and boettgerx and helix aspersa muller and slugs incurring great loss to cut foliage industry. paucity of information is available to understand snails and slugs damage and their host range that l ...201223885439
genetic diversity and geographic distribution of bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) genotypes associated with cassava in east africa.the genetic variability of whitefly (bemisia tabaci) species, the vectors of cassava mosaic begomoviruses (cmbs) in cassava growing areas of kenya, tanzania, and uganda, was investigated through comparison of partial sequences of the mitochondria cytochrome oxidase i (mtcoi) dna in 2010/11. two distinct species were obtained including sub-saharan africa 1 (ssa1), comprising of two sub-clades (i and ii), and a south west indian ocean islands (swio) species. among the ssa1, sub-clade i sequences s ...201223170210
heavy metals health risk assessment for population via consumption of food crops and fruits in owerri, south eastern, nigeria.this study assessed lead, cadmium, and nickel level in food crops, fruits and soil samples from ohaji and umuagwo and owerri in south eastern nigeria and estimated the potential health risks of metals. samples were washed, oven-dried at 70-80°c for 24 h and powdered. samples were digested with perchloric acid and nitric acid. metals were analysed with unicam atomic absorption spectrophotometer.201222853175
polyphenol content and modulatory activities of some tropical dietary plant extracts on the oxidant activities of neutrophils and myeloperoxidase.young leaves of manihot esculenta crantz (euphorbiaceae), abelmoschus esculentus (malvaceae), hibiscus acetosella (malvaceae) and pteridium aquilinum (dennstaedtiaceae) are currently consumed as green vegetables by peoples in sub-saharan africa, latin america, asia and their migrants living in western europe. sub-saharan peoples use manihot, abelmoschus and hibiscus also in the folk medicine to alleviate fever and pain, in the treatment of conjunctivitis, rheumatism, hemorrhoid, abscesses, ... t ...201222312276
extending cassava root shelf life via reduction of reactive oxygen species production.one of the major constraints facing the large-scale production of cassava (manihot esculenta) roots is the rapid postharvest physiological deterioration (ppd) that occurs within 72 h following harvest. one of the earliest recognized biochemical events during the initiation of ppd is a rapid burst of reactive oxygen species (ros) accumulation. we have investigated the source of this oxidative burst to identify possible strategies to limit its extent and to extend cassava root shelf life. we provi ...201222711743
integrative biological hydrogen production: an overview.biological hydrogen (h2) production by dark and photo-fermentative organisms is a promising area of research for generating bioenergy. a large number of organisms have been widely studied for producing h2 from diverse feeds, both as pure and as mixed cultures. however, their h2 producing efficiencies have been found to vary (from 3 to 8 mol/mol hexose) with physiological conditions, type of organisms and composition of feed (starchy waste from sweet potato, wheat, cassava and algal biomass). the ...201224426072
a melting pot of old world begomoviruses and their satellites infecting a collection of gossypium species in pakistan.clcud in southern asia is caused by a complex of multiple begomoviruses (whitefly transmitted, single-stranded [ss]dna viruses) in association with a specific ssdna satellite; cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite (clcumub). a further single ssdna molecule, for which the collective name alphasatellites has been proposed, is also frequently associated with begomovirus-betasatellite complexes. multan is in the center of the cotton growing area of pakistan and has seen some of the worst problems ca ...201222899988
evolution of african cassava mosaic virus by recombination between bipartite and monopartite begomoviruses.cassava mosaic disease (cmd) is a major constraint on cassava cultivation in africa. the disease is endemic and is caused by seven distinct cassava mosaic geminiviruses (cmgs), some of them including several variants.201222416906
[effects of seven rna silencing suppressors on heterologous expression of green fluorescence protein expression mediated by a plant virus-based system in nicotiana benthamiana].to test the effects of 7 virus-encoded rna silencing suppressors (rsss) for enhancement of a plant virus-based vector system-mediated heterologous expression of green fluorescence protein (gfp) in nicotiana benthamiana.201223174571
efficient 2,3-butanediol production from cassava powder by a crop-biomass-utilizer, enterobacter cloacae subsp. dissolvens sdm.2,3-butanediol (bd) is considered as one of the key platform chemicals used in a variety of industrial applications. it is crucial to find an efficient sugar-utilizing strain and feasible carbon source for the economical production of bd.201222792324
high-throughput genomic sequencing of cassava bacterial blight strains identifies conserved effectors to target for durable resistance.cassava bacterial blight (cbb), incited by xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (xam), is the most important bacterial disease of cassava, a staple food source for millions of people in developing countries. here we present a widely applicable strategy for elucidating the virulence components of a pathogen population. we report illumina-based draft genomes for 65 xam strains and deduce the phylogenetic relatedness of xam across the areas where cassava is grown. using an extensive database of eff ...201222699502
effects of cassava variety and processing on energy and protein digestibility and utilization by young children.two varieties of cassava, processed as nigerian fermented flour (gari) or as brazilian flour (farinha), were fed to two groups of eight infants and young children, each group receiving both forms of one variety, with preceding, intervening and following casein control diets. the flours provided 50% of diet energy, with casein added to make 8% energy as protein, vegetable oils to make 20% as fat and corn syrup solids and sugar to make 72% carbohydrate (cho) energy. fecal wet weight increased (p l ...20123392598
bioinformatic identification of cassava mirnas differentially expressed in response to infection by xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis.micrornas (mirnas) are short rna molecules that control gene expression by silencing complementary mrna. they play a crucial role in stress response in plants, including biotic stress. some mirnas are known to respond to bacterial infection in arabidopsis thaliana but it is currently unknown whether these responses are conserved in other plants and whether novel species-specific mirnas could have a role in defense.201222361011
Anaerobic biological treatment of high strength cassava starch wastewater in a new type up-flow multistage anaerobic reactor.Anaerobic treatment of cassava starch wastewater using an up-flow multistage anaerobic reactor was investigated. The results showed that startup was successfully accomplished in 22d. The maximum 87.9% chemical oxygen demand (COD) was removed at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6.0h at fixed concentration 4000mg/L. In addition, 77.5-92.0% COD were removed as organic loading rates at 10.2-40.0kgCOD/(m(3)d) at fixed HRT of 6.0h. The Grau second-order kinetic model and modified Stover-Kincannon mod ...201222169215
influence of processing cassava peels on the hydrogen cyanide concentration, nutritive value and performance of growing rabbits.forty-eight rabbits used to investigate the response of growing rabbits to diets containing differently processed cassava peel meals were divided into four groups balanced for sex and weight. these groups were then assigned at random to the experimental treatments. four diets were formulated such that the diets contained 200 g/kg of the experimental feedstuffs, sun-dried cassava peel meal (s), ensiled cassava peel meal (e) and retted cassava peel meal (r), and the control did not contain any cas ...201222086411
multiplex rt-pcr assays for the simultaneous detection of both rna and dna viruses infecting cassava and the common occurrence of mixed infections by two cassava brown streak viruses in east africa.uniplex and multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) protocols were developed for the detection of cassava brown streak viruses (cbsvs) in single and mixed infections with cassava mosaic begomoviruses (cmbs) in a tropical crop plant, cassava (manihot esculenta). cmbs contain ssdna as their genome (genus begomovirus, family geminiviridae) while cbsvs are made up of positive sense ssrna (genus ipomovirus, family potyviridae), and they cause the economically important cass ...201222080852
potential of using multiscale kenaf fibers as reinforcing filler in cassava starch-kenaf biocomposites.biodegradable materials made from cassava starch and kenaf fibers were prepared using a solution casting method. kenaf fibers were treated with naoh, bleached with sodium chlorite and acetic buffer solution, and subsequently acid hydrolyzed to obtain cellulose nanocrystals (cncs). biocomposites in the form of films were prepared by mixing starch and glycerol/sorbitol with various filler compositions (0-10 wt%). x-ray diffraction revealed that fiber crystallinity increased after each stage of tre ...201223399291
prediction of gross energy and digestible energy in copra meal, palm kernel meal, and cassava root fed to pigs.many of the available prediction equations for feed energy value may not be applicable for ingredients such as copra (cocos nucifera) meal (cm), palm kernel meal (pkm), and cassava (manihot esculenta) root (cr). therefore, we developed novel equations for estimating ge and de concentrations in cm, pkm, cr, and diets containing these ingredients. data for ge and de concentrations were obtained from previous experiments in which the chemical composition in the ingredients and diets were determined ...201223365336
digestible and metabolizable energy concentrations in copra meal, palm kernel meal, and cassava root fed to growing pigs.an experiment was conducted to measure de and me in copra (cocos nucifera) meal (cm), palm kernel meal (pkm), and cassava (manihot esculenta) root (cr) in growing pigs. eight boars with an initial bw of 67.3 ± 5.8 kg were individually housed in metabolism crates that were equipped with a feeder and a nipple drinker. a replicated 4 × 4 latin square design was used with 4 dietary treatments, 4 periods, and 8 animals. a basal diet mainly contained corn (zea mays) and soybean (glycine max) meal. thr ...201223365309
Fed-batch fermentation for n-butanol production from cassava bagasse hydrolysate in a fibrous bed bioreactor with continuous gas stripping.Concentrated cassava bagasse hydrolysate (CBH) containing 584.4g/L glucose was studied for acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation with a hyper-butanol-producing Clostridiumacetobutylicum strain in a fibrous bed bioreactor with gas stripping for continuous butanol recovery. With periodical nutrient supplementation, stable production of n-butanol from glucose in the CBH was maintained in the fed-batch fermentation over 263h with an average sugar consumption rate of 1.28g/Lh and butanol product ...201222101071
Pig performance increases with the addition of DL-methionine and L-lysine to ensiled cassava leaf protein diets.Two studies were conducted to determine the impact of supplementation of diets containing ensiled cassava leaves as the main protein source with synthetic amino acids, DL-methionine alone or with L-lysine. In study 1, a total of 40 pigs in five units, all cross-breds between Large White and Mong Cai, with an average initial body weight of 20.5 kg were randomly assigned to four treatments consisting of a basal diet containing 45% of dry matter (DM) from ensiled cassava leaves (ECL) and ensiled ca ...201221947959
Effect of adaptation strategies when feeding fresh cassava foliage on intake and physiological responses of lambs.The objective of the experiment was to study different adaptation strategies to avoid HCN intoxication when feeding fresh cassava foliage to sheep. Twenty-four Phan Rang lambs (initial weight?=?19.6 kg at 5.5 months of age) were used in the study. The four experimental diets contained guinea grass (Panicum maximum) supplemented with concentrate at 1.5% of body weight (BW) as dry matter (DM) (control) or supplemented with fresh cassava foliage (FCF) that was introduced into the diet with an adapt ...201222081316
Effect of carbohydrate sources and cotton seed meal in the concentrate: II. Feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in beef cattle.Four, rumen fistulated crossbred (Brahman × native) beef cattle steers were randomly assigned to receive four dietary treatments according to a 2?×?2 factorial arrangement in a 4?×?4 Latin square design. Factor A was carbohydrate source; cassava chip (CC) or CC + rice bran at a ratio 3:1 (CR3:1) and Factor B was cotton seed meal level (CM); and 109 g CP/kg (LCM) and 328 g CP/kg (HCM) at similar overall CP levels (490 g CP/kg). The animals were fed 5 g concentrate/kg BW, and urea-treated rice str ...201222072076
Conversion of Sterically Demanding a,a-Disubstituted Phenylacetonitriles by the Arylacetonitrilase from Pseudomonas fluorescens EBC191.The nitrilase from Pseudomonas fluorescens EBC191 converted 2-methyl-2-phenylpropionitrile, which contains a quaternary carbon atom in the a-position toward the nitrile group, and also similar sterically demanding substrates, such as 2-hydroxy-2-phenylpropionitrile (acetophenone cyanohydrin) or 2-acetyloxy-2-methylphenylacetonitrile. 2-Methyl-2-phenylpropionitrile was hydrolyzed to almost stoichiometric amounts of the corresponding acid. Acetophenone cyanohydrin was transformed to the correspond ...201222020513
genetic diversity analysis of cyanogenic potential (cnp) of root among improved genotypes of cassava using simple sequence repeat markers.cyanogenic potential (cnp) of cassava constitutes a serious problem for over 500 million people who rely on the crop as their main source of calories. genetic diversity is a key to successful crop improvement for breeding new improved variability for target traits. forty-three improved genotypes of cassava developed by international institute of tropical agriculture (ita), ibadan, were characterized for cnp trait using 35 simple sequence.repeat (ssr) markers. essential colorimetry picric test wa ...201223678653
[determination of deoxynivalenol in grain and its products by solid-phase extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].a method was established for the determination of deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) in grain and its products based on solid-phase extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (hplc-ms/ms). the sample was firstly extracted by acetonitrile-water (84:16, v/v). the extract was then cleaned-up by an hlb solid phase extraction cartridge. the separation was carried out on a phenomenex kinetex c18 column (100 mm x4. 6 mm, 2.6 microm) with a gradient elution using 0.3 ...201223451526
more lingual surface attrition of the maxillary anterior teeth in american indians: prehistoric panamanians.lingual surface attrition of the maxillary anterior teeth (lsa-mat) has been found in additional prehistoric latin american indian skeletons. lsamat was first observed in crania from an archaic brazilian site. this second finding occurs in teeth from venado beach, a late prehistoric site in panama. lsamat is also present in some fragmentary specimens from the archaic cerro mangote site in panama. lsamat at venado beach is present in 57% of 28 adult crania. as in the brazilian study, lsamat is as ...20123303956
diet, pancreatic function, and chronic pancreatitis in south india and france.the usual consumption of calories, fat, protein, and carbohydrate, and the exocrine pancreatic function estimated in duodenal juice after an intravenous injection of secretin and cholecystokinin (cck), have been studied with the same method and by the same team in kerala (south india) and in marseille (france) in apparently normal children (7 indians, 21 french), in normal adults (23 indians, 17 french), and in patients presenting with chronic calcifying pancreatitis (8 indian children, 28 india ...20123362842
anti-sickling effect of dietary thiocyanate in prophylactic control of sickle cell anemia.as a clinical entity, sickle cell anemia (sca) is known to be relatively rarer in africans than in the african-american population of the united states. paradoxically, sickle cell trait (sct), the non-anemic, heterozygous condition, is about three times more common among indigenous africans than in african-americans. the ratio of sca to sct is 1:50 for african-americans, and less than 1:1,000 for tropical africans. this etiological disparity is attributed to an anti-sickling agent, thiocyanate, ...20133795284
cranioschisis aperta with encephaloschisis in cephalothoracopagus hamster twins.the results of gross and histopathological study of a near-term male hamster exencephalic lateral cephalothoracopagus are presented. there was minimal duplication of the internal organs to the point of division at the abdomen. the appendicular skeleton was relatively unaffected by the severe malformations of the axial skeleton. the studies suggested that the lateral relationship of the skull to the spinal columns was a consequence of the presence of two embryonic neural tubes; the chordomesoderm ...20134016585
identification of immunity-related genes in arabidopsis and cassava using genomic data.recent advances in genomic and post-genomic technologies have provided the opportunity to generate a previously unimaginable amount of information. however, biological knowledge is still needed to improve the understanding of complex mechanisms such as plant immune responses. better knowledge of this process could improve crop production and management. here, we used holistic analysis to combine our own microarray and rna-seq data with public genomic data from arabidopsis and cassava in order to ...201324316329
genomic survey of pathogenicity determinants and vntr markers in the cassava bacterial pathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis strain cio151.xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (xam) is the causal agent of bacterial blight of cassava, which is among the main components of human diet in africa and south america. current information about the molecular pathogenicity factors involved in the infection process of this organism is limited. previous studies in other bacteria in this genus suggest that advanced draft genome sequences are valuable resources for molecular studies on their interaction with plants and could provide valuable too ...201324278159
identification of ta-sirnas and cis-nat-sirnas in cassava and their roles in response to cassava bacterial blight.trans-acting small interfering rnas (ta-sirnas) and natural cis-antisense sirnas (cis-nat-sirnas) are recently discovered small rnas (srnas) involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing. ta-sirnas are transcribed from genomic loci and require processing by micrornas (mirnas). cis-nat-sirnas are derived from antisense rnas produced by the simultaneous transcription of overlapping antisense genes. their roles in many plant processes, including pathogen response, are mostly unknown. in this work ...201323665476
the in vitro mass-produced model mycorrhizal fungus, rhizophagus irregularis, significantly increases yields of the globally important food security crop cassava.the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is formed between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) and plant roots. the fungi provide the plant with inorganic phosphate (p). the symbiosis can result in increased plant growth. although most global food crops naturally form this symbiosis, very few studies have shown that their practical application can lead to large-scale increases in food production. application of amf to crops in the tropics is potentially effective for improving yields. however, a main ...201323950975
antibacterial activities of the methanol extracts of ten cameroonian vegetables against gram-negative multidrug-resistant bacteria.many edible plants are used in cameroon since ancient time to control microbial infections. this study was designed at evaluating the antibacterial activities of the methanol extracts of ten cameroonian vegetables against a panel of twenty nine gram negative bacteria including multi-drug resistant (mdr) strains.201323368430
microbiological safety assessment of fermented cassava flour "lafun" available in ogun and oyo states of nigeria.the microorganisms involved in the fermentation and spoilage of fermented cassava flour were investigated. the water samples used at the different processing sites were also investigated to determine their safety status. there was predominance of staphylococcus aureus, aspergillus spp., and escherichia coli in all samples. coliforms were observed to be present in all of the processing water. in the fermented cassava flour, the total bacterial count ranged between 4.9 × 10(6) cfu/ml from eleso, b ...201326904609
a single-tube duplex and multiplex pcr for simultaneous detection of four cassava mosaic begomovirus species in cassava plants.a single-tube duplex and multiplex pcr was developed for the simultaneous detection of african cassava mosaic virus (acmv), east african cassava mosaic cameroon virus (eacmcv), east african cassava mosaic malawi virus (eacmmv) and east african cassava mosaic zanzibar virus (eacmzv), four cassava mosaic begomoviruses (cmbs) affecting cassava in sub-saharan africa. co-occurrence of the cmbs in cassava synergistically enhances disease symptoms and complicates their detection and diagnostics. four p ...201323174160
unlocking the potential of tropical root crop biotechnology in east africa by establishing a genetic transformation platform for local farmer-preferred cassava cultivars.cassava genetic transformation capacity is still mostly restricted to advanced laboratories in the usa, europe and china; and its implementation and maintenance in african laboratories has remained scarce. the impact of transgenic technologies for genetic improvement of cassava will depend largely on the transfer of such capabilities to researchers in africa, where cassava has an important socioeconomic niche. a major constraint to the development of genetic transformation technologies for cassa ...201324400011
growth and cyanide degradation of azotobacter vinelandii in cyanide-containing wastewater system.azotobacter vinelandii, a strict aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacterium, has been extensively studied with regard to the ability of n2-fixation due to its high expression of nitrogenase and fast growth. because nitrogenase can also reduce cyanide to ammonia and methane, cyanide degradation by a. vinelandii has been studied for the application in the bioremediation of cyanide-contaminated wastewater. cyanide degradation by a. vinelandii in nfs (nitrogen-free sucrose) medium was examined in terms of ce ...201323568214
raw starch-degrading α-amylase from bacillus aquimaris mksc 6.2: isolation and expression of the gene, bioinformatics and biochemical characterization of the recombinant enzyme.the aims were to isolate a raw starch-degrading α-amylase gene baqa from bacillus aquimaris mksc 6.2, and to characterize the gene product through in silico study and its expression in escherichia coli.201323020612
screening for bacillus subtilis group isolates that degrade cyanogens at ph 4.5-5.0.cyanogenic food crops abound in nature with important crops like cassava forming the staple food for over half a billion people. detoxification by hydrolysis of cassava cyanogenic glycosides often involves acid fermentation, and in some of these processes bacillus species are encountered. forty bacillus spp. (20 bacillus subtilis, 11 bacillus licheniformis, 7 bacillus sonorensis, 2 bacillus cereus) isolated from acid fermented primary starters to produce gergoush, a sudanese fermented snack, wer ...201323261810
postprocessing microflora of commercial attieke (a fermented cassava product) produced in the south of côte d'ivoire.the distribution and presence of hygiene indicator and pathogenic micro-organisms in 375 samples of attieke marketed in côte d'ivoire, and their roles in the food poisoning were evaluated. microbiological analyses were carried out, which included the total viable bacteria, coliforms, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella, bacillus spores, fungi and clostridium perfringens. the results revealed that the viable bacteria counts ranged from 2·2 ± 1·2 × 10(5) to 3·4 ± 1·4 × 10(6) cfu g( ...201323078634
population variability of bemisia tabaci (genn.) in different hosts.the silverleaf whitefly, bemisia tabaci (genn.) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), is a cryptic species complex that contains some of the most damaging pests in tropical and subtropical regions. recent studies have indicated that this complex is composed of at least 24 distinct and morphologically indistinguishable species that mainly differ in their ability to transmit phytoviruses, adapt to hosts, and induce physiological changes in certain hosts. the importance of this species has been increasing worl ...201324222237
draft genome sequence of the xanthomonas cassavae type strain cfbp 4642.we report the draft genome sequence of the xanthomonas cassavae type strain cfbp 4642, the causal agent of bacterial necrosis on cassava plants. these data will allow the comparison of this nonvascular pathogen with the vascular pathogen xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis, both infecting the same host, which will facilitate the development of diagnostic tools.201323990580
tale1 from xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis acts as a transcriptional activator in plant cells and is important for pathogenicity in cassava plants.many plant-pathogenic bacteria suppress pathogen-associated molecular pattern (pamp)-triggered immunity by injecting effector proteins into the host cytoplasm during infection through the type iii secretion system (ttss). this type iii secretome plays an important role in bacterial pathogenicity in susceptible hosts. xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (xam), the causal agent of cassava bacterial blight, injects several effector proteins into the host cell, including tale1(xam) . this protein i ...201322947214
cyanogenic glycosides in plant-based foods available in new zealand.cyanogenic glycosides occur in a wide range of plant species. the potential toxicity of cyanogenic glycosides arises from enzymatic degradation to produce hydrogen cyanide, which may result in acute cyanide poisoning and has also been implicated in the aetiology of several chronic diseases. one hundred retail foods were sampled and analysed for the presence of total hydrocyanic acid using an acid hydrolysis-isonicotinic/barbituric acid colourimetric method. food samples included cassava, bamboo ...201323984870
feeding regime and management of local lao pigs in central lao pdr.a survey was carried out in smallholder farming systems in the districts of borrikun, khamkeuth, and pakkading, in central lao people's democratic republic, to assess the feeding regime and health status of local lao pigs. in total, 216 farmers, 72 in each district, were interviewed using a questionnaire. feed samples were collected for nutrient analysis and pen soil samples for mineral content determination. farmers kept sows of native breeds such as moo lath, moo chid, and moo hmong. the numbe ...201322639036
cryopreservation for the 'in perpetuity' conservation of yam and cassava genetic resources.cryopreservation via droplet vitrification showed high efficiency for cassava meristems (79 pecent average recovery) when these were excised from in vitro seedlings. the efficiency of the process dropped considerably (to > 23 percent) when meristems were excised from field-grown plants, thus precluding the use of such explants for routine cryobanking. in yam, large disparities were observed in the ability of meristems to produce a shoot after cryopreservation ranging from 0 to 60 percent, depend ...201323625079
green leaves are the stuff of life.children, pregnant women, nursing mothers, and the elderly need to eat dark green leafy vegetables. these vegetables provide vitamin a which prevents night blindness and increases resistance to illness. the vitamin is also transferred to babies in breast milk; so mothers, in particular, need to consume these vegetables. vitamin a is also contained in squash, sweet potatoes, carrots, mangoes, milk, eggs, and liver. iron, which prevents tiredness and weakness, is found in meat, peas, beans, spinac ...201312345402
feeding response of subterranean termites coptotermes curvignathus and coptotermes gestroi (blattodea: rhinotermitidae) to baits supplemented with sugars, amino acids, and cassava.feeding responses of subterranean termites coptotermes curvignathus (holmgren) and coptotermes gestroi (wasmann) (blattodea: rhinotermitidae) to bait matrices supplemented with various sugars, amino acids, and cassava were evaluated both in the laboratory and field. the results indicated that the two termite species consumed significantly different amount of filter papers that had been treated with various types and concentrations of sugars and amino acids. based on consumption and survival data ...201324020295
effect of carbohydrate source and cottonseed meal level in the concentrate: iv. feed intake, rumen fermentation and milk production in milking cows.four early-lactation crossbred cows (82.5 % holstein) were selected to investigate the effect of carbohydrate source and cottonseed meal level in the concentrate on rumen fermentation and milk production. cows were randomly assigned to receive four dietary treatments according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a 4 × 4 latin square design. factor a was carbohydrate source: cassava chip (cc) and cc + rice bran at a ratio 3:1 (cr3:1), and factor b was variation in the level of cottonseed meal (cm ...201322843214
novel myco-like dna viruses discovered in the faecal matter of various animals.a wide variety of novel single-stranded dna (ssdna) viruses have been found in faecal matter of chimpanzees, cows, rodents, bats, badgers, foxes and pigs over the last few years. using a combination of rolling circle amplification coupled with restriction enzyme digests based approach as well as a next generation sequencing informed approach, we have recovered fourteen full genomes of ssdna viruses which exhibit genomic features described for members of the recently proposed gemycircularvirus gr ...201323994297
prevalence of harmful/traditional medication use in traumatic eye injury.ocular trauma of varying aetiologies do occur frequently, however when different traditional/harmful substances are applied before presentation in the hospital, prognosis in terms of visual outcome following treatment may be worse than expected. this study is aimed at determining the prevalence of harmful/traditional eye medication practices among patients with traumatic eye injury in a tertiary institution.201323777721
crop expansion and conservation priorities in tropical countries.expansion of cropland in tropical countries is one of the principal causes of biodiversity loss, and threatens to undermine progress towards meeting the aichi biodiversity targets. to understand this threat better, we analysed data on crop distribution and expansion in 128 tropical countries, assessed changes in area of the main crops and mapped overlaps between conservation priorities and cultivation potential. rice was the single crop grown over the largest area, especially in tropical forest ...201323326316
mineral status in cattle fed rice straw and para grass combined with different levels of protein derived from cassava foliage.eight male cattle of the local yellow breed with an average live weight of 121 kg and an average age of 18 months were used to evaluate the effects of different levels of sun-dried cassava (manihot esculenta) foliage supplementation on mineral metabolism in growing cattle fed rice straw and para grass as basal diet. rice straw ad libitum and para grass (brachiaria mutica) at 1% dm of bw comprised the basal diet. the study was arranged as a 4×4 double latin square design, with cassava foliage con ...201325049706
loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of the causal agents of cassava brown streak disease.the causal agents of cassava brown streak disease have recently been identified as cassava brown streak virus (cbsv) and ugandan cassava brown streak virus (ucbsv). primers have been developed for rapid detection of these viruses by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp). performance of the rt-lamp assays compared favourably with published rt-pcr and real-time rt-pcr methods. furthermore, amplification by rt-lamp is completed in 40 min and does not require thermal ...201322820076
efficient transmission of cassava brown streak disease viral pathogens by chip bud grafting.techniques to study plant viral diseases under controlled growth conditions are required to fully understand their biology and investigate host resistance. cassava brown streak disease (cbsd) presents a major threat to cassava production in east africa. no infectious clones of the causal viruses, cassava brown streak virus (cbsv) or ugandan cassava brown streak virus (ucbsv) are available, and mechanical transmission to cassava is not effective. an improved method for transmission of the viruses ...201324314370
assessing global transcriptome changes in response to south african cassava mosaic virus [za-99] infection in susceptible arabidopsis thaliana.in susceptible plant hosts, co-evolution has favoured viral strategies to evade host defenses and utilize resources to their own benefit. the degree of manipulation of host gene expression is dependent on host-virus specificity and certain abiotic factors. in order to gain insight into global transcriptome changes for a geminivirus pathosystem, south african cassava mosaic virus [za:99] and arabidopsis thaliana, 4×44k agilent microarrays were adopted. after normalization, a log2 fold change filt ...201323826319
optimization of polyhydroxybutyrate production by marine bacillus megaterium msbn04 under solid state culture.a marine sponge-associated bacterium bacillus megaterium msbn04 was used for the production of polyhydroxybutyrate (phb) under solid state culture (ssc). a central composite design (ccd) was employed to optimize the production medium and to find out the interactive effects of four independent variables, viz. tapioca industry waste, palm jaggery, horse gram flour and trace element solution on phb production. the maximum yield of phb 8.637 mg g(-1) of substrate (tapioca industry waste) was achieve ...201323748002
optimization of neutral protease production from bacillus subtilis: using agroindustrial residues as substrates and response surface methodology.statistically based experimental designs were applied to optimize the fermentation medium and cultural conditions for the maximization of neutral protease using three agroindustrial residues (cassava pulp, soybean meal, and wheat bran) and bacillus subtilis des-59. the plackett-burman design was used to evaluate the effects of variables such as the concentration of substrates, initial ph, shaker's rotating speed, temperature, inoculum size, and incubation time. among the eight parameters, three ...201323654222
production of enzymes from agroindustrial wastes by biosurfactant-producing strains of bacillus subtilis.bacteria in the genus bacillus are the source of several enzymes of current industrial interest. hydrolases, such as amylases, proteases, and lipases, are the main enzymes consumed worldwide and have applications in a wide range of products and industrial processes. fermentation processes by bacillus subtilis using cassava wastewater as a substrate are reported in the technical literature; however, the same combination of microorganisms and this culture medium is limited or nonexistent. in this ...201323533780
glyceollin is an important component of soybean plant defense against phytophthora sojae and macrophomina phaseolina.the response of soybean transgenic plants, with suppressed synthesis of isoflavones, and nontransgenic plants to two common soybean pathogens, macrophomina phaseolina and phytophthora sojae, was studied. transgenic soybean plants of one line used in this study were previously generated via bombardment of embryogenic cultures with the phenylalanine ammonia lyase, chalcone synthase, and isoflavone synthase (ifs2) genes in sense orientation driven by the cotyledon-preferable lectin promoter (to tur ...201323617338
molecular characterization of a new alphasatellite associated with a cassava mosaic geminivirus in madagascar.two complete nucleotide sequences of an alphasatellite isolated from a cassava plant with mosaic disease symptoms in madagascar are described and analyzed. while the helper begomovirus was identified as an isolate of east african cassava mosaic kenya virus (eacmkv), its associated alphasatellite was most closely related (80 % nucleotide sequence identity) to cotton leaf curl gezira alphasatellite. these satellite molecules have typical features of alphasatellites, with a single gene in the virio ...201323525698
isolation, identification and growth determination of lactic acid-utilizing yeasts from the ruminal fluid of dairy cattle.ruminal organic acid production, especially lactic acid, can be modified by feeding cattle highly concentrated diets, which have been shown to adversely affect dairy cattle health. therefore, the use of lactic acid-utilizing organisms is considered to be a potential method for controlling lactic acid levels. this study was conducted to isolate and identify lactic acid-utilizing yeasts from the ruminal fluid of dairy cattle and to determine the specific growth rate and generation time when using ...201323565722
sugarcane vinasse: environmental implications of its use.the inadequate and indiscriminate disposal of sugarcane vinasse in soils and water bodies has received much attention since decades ago, due to environmental problems associated to this practice. vinasse is the final by-product of the biomass distillation, mainly for the production of ethanol, from sugar crops (beet and sugarcane), starch crops (corn, wheat, rice, and cassava), or cellulosic material (harvesting crop residues, sugarcane bagasse, and wood). because of the large quantities of vina ...201324084103
development of feeding systems and strategies of supplementation to enhance rumen fermentation and ruminant production in the tropics.the availability of local feed resources in various seasons can contribute as essential sources of carbohydrate and protein which significantly impact rumen fermentation and the subsequent productivity of the ruminant. recent developments, based on enriching protein in cassava chips, have yielded yeast fermented cassava chip protein (yefecap) providing up to 47.5% crude protein (cp), which can be used to replace soybean meal. the use of fodder trees has been developed through the process of pell ...201323981662
production of pectinolytic enzymes by the yeast wickerhanomyces anomalus isolated from citrus fruits peels.wickerhamomyces anomalus is pectinolytic yeast isolated from citrus fruits peels in the province of misiones, argentine. in the present work, enzymes produced by this yeast strain were characterized, and polygalacturonase physicochemical properties were determined in order to evaluate the application of the supernatant in the maceration of potato tissues. w. anomalus was able to produce pg in liquid medium containing glucose and citrus pectin, whose mode of action was mainly of endo type. the su ...201323691327
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