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abscisic acid substantially inhibits senescence of cucumber plants (cucumis sativus) grown under low nitrogen conditions.low nitrogen (n) availability such as that found in both dry land and tropical regions limits plant growth and development. the relationship between the level of abscisic acid (aba) in a plant and its growth under low-n conditions was investigated. the level of aba in cucumber (cucumis sativus) plants under low-n conditions was significantly higher at 10 and 20 d after transplantation compared with that under sufficient-n conditions. chlorophyll was preserved in the aerial parts of cucumber plan ...201222410466
insights into salicylic acid responses in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) cotyledons based on a comparative proteomic analysis.to investigate the response of cucumber seedlings to exogenous salicylic acid (sa) and gain a better understanding of sa action mechanism, we generated a proteomic profile of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) cotyledons treated with exogenous sa. analysis of 1500 protein spots from each gel revealed 63 differentially expressed proteins, 59 of which were identified successfully. of the identified proteins, 97% matched cucumber proteins using a whole cucumber protein database based on the newly comple ...201222404834
[chemical constituents contained in fatty oil from seeds of cucumis sativus].to study the chemical constituents contained in the seeds of cucumis sativus.201223397724
diversity and function of aerobic culturable bacteria in the intestine of the sea cucumber holothuria leucospilota.sea cucumbers play an important role in nutrient cycling of marine ecosystems by consuming sediments and moving sand, thus occupying a similar niche to earthworms in terrestrial ecosystems. however, our understanding of microbial diversity and functions associated with sea cucumbers is meager. here, we isolated 141 bacterial strains under aerobic conditions using various media from the intestine of holothuria leucospilota, a common sea cucumber in japanese warm waters. by partial 16s rrna gene s ...201223337580
[determination of meptyldinocap residues in vegetable and fruit by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].a method was developed for the determination of the residues of meptyldinocap (2,4-dinitro-6-(1-methylheptyl) phenyl crotonate, 2,4-dnopc) as 2, 4-dinitrooctylphenol (2,4-dinitro-6-(1-methylheptyl) phenol, 2,4-dnop), which is a hydrolysate of 2,4-dnopc, in six vegetable and fruit by using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (lc-esi-ms/ms). the residues of 2,4-dnopc in vegetable and fruit samples were extracted by the mixture of acetone, methanol an ...201223285981
deposit-feeding sea cucumbers enhance mineralization and nutrient cycling in organically-enriched coastal sediments.bioturbators affect multiple biogeochemical interactions and have been suggested as suitable candidates to mitigate organic matter loading in marine sediments. however, predicting the effects of bioturbators at an ecosystem level can be difficult due to their complex positive and negative interactions with the microbial community.201223209636
stichoposide c induces apoptosis through the generation of ceramide in leukemia and colorectal cancer cells and shows in vivo antitumor activity.marine triterpene glycosides that are physiologically active natural compounds isolated from sea cucumbers (holothurians) and sponges have antifungal, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities, whose specific molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. in this study, we examined if and through which mechanisms stichoposide c (stc) from thelenota anax (family stichopodidae) induces apoptosis in leukemia and colorectal cancer cells.201223132899
composting of waste paint sludge containing melamine resin and the compost's effect on vegetable growth and soil water quality.melamine resin (mr) is introduced to the environment from many industrial effluents, including waste paint sludge (wps) from the automobile industry. melamine resin contains a high nitrogen (n) content and is a potential n source during composting. in this study, two carbon sources, waste paper (wp) and plant residue (pr), were used to study their effects on composting of wps. additional work tested the wps-composts effects on plant growth and soil water quality. after 84 days of composting, 85% ...201223127275
genome-wide identification and characterization of r2r3myb family in cucumis sativus.the r2r3myb proteins comprise one of the largest families of transcription factors in plants. although genome-wide analysis of this family has been carried out in some species, little is known about r2r3myb genes in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).201223110079
genetic diversity and population structure of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).knowing the extent and structure of genetic variation in germplasm collections is essential for the conservation and utilization of biodiversity in cultivated plants. cucumber is the fourth most important vegetable crop worldwide and is a model system for other cucurbitaceae, a family that also includes melon, watermelon, pumpkin and squash. previous isozyme studies revealed a low genetic diversity in cucumber, but detailed insights into the crop's genetic structure and diversity are largely mis ...201223071663
iron deficiency affects nitrogen metabolism in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) plants.nitrogen is a principal limiting nutrient in plant growth and development. among factors that may limit no3- assimilation, fe potentially plays a crucial role being a metal cofactor of enzymes of the reductive assimilatory pathway. very few information is available about the changes of nitrogen metabolism occurring under fe deficiency in strategy i plants. the aim of this work was to study how cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) plants modify their nitrogen metabolism when grown under iron deficiency.201223057967
effects of 24-epibrassinolide on nitrogen metabolism in cucumber seedlings under ca(no(3))(2) stress.ca(no(3))(2) accumulation is a major factor that limits greenhouse production in china. the present investigation was carried out to study the effect of 24-epibrassinolide (ebl) on nitrogen metabolism (including contents of no(3)(-), nh(4)(+) and amino acids and related enzymes activities) in cucumber seedlings (cucumis sativus l. cv. jinyou no. 4) under 80 mm ca(no(3))(2) stress. this study found that exogenous ebl significantly reduced the accumulation of no(3)(-) and nh(4)(+) by ca(no(3))(2), ...201223031845
hydrogen peroxide functions as a secondary messenger for brassinosteroids-induced co2 assimilation and carbohydrate metabolism in cucumis sativus.brassinosteroids (brs) are potent regulators of photosynthesis and crop yield in agricultural crops; however, the mechanism by which brs increase photosynthesis is not fully understood. here, we show that foliar application of 24-epibrassinolide (ebr) resulted in increases in co(2) assimilation, hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) accumulation, and leaf area in cucumber. h(2)o(2) treatment induced increases in co(2) assimilation whilst inhibition of the h(2)o(2) accumulation by its generation inhibitor ...201223024048
[simultaneous determination of flonicamid and its metabolites in cucumbers and apples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].a method was developed for the simultaneous determination of flonicamid and its metabolite [n-(4-trifluoromethylnicotinoyl) glycine (tfng), 4-trifluoromethylnicotinic acid (tfna) and 4-trifluoromethylnicotinamide (tfna-am)] in cucumbers and apples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms) with liquid-liquid extraction. the sample was extracted twice with phosphate buffer solution (ph 7.0), and the extract was adjusted to ph 1.5 - 2.0, then an aliquot of the extract (3 ml) was ...201223016287
molecular cloning, characteristics and low temperature response of raffinose synthase gene in cucumis sativus l.raffinose synthase (rs, ec2.4.1.82) is one of the key enzymes that channels sucrose into the raffinose family oligosaccharides (rfos) biosynthetic pathway. however, the gene encoding rs is poorly characterized in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), which is a typical rfos-translocating plant species. here we isolated the gene encoding rs (csrs) from the leaves of cucumber plants. the complete cdna of csrs consisted of 2552 nucleotides with an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 784 amino aci ...201222985990
novel insights into the echinoderm nervous system from histaminergic and fmrfaminergic-like cells in the sea cucumber leptosynapta clarki.understanding of the echinoderm nervous system is limited due to its distinct organization in comparison to other animal phyla and by the difficulty in accessing it. the transparent and accessible, apodid sea cucumber leptosynapta clarki provides novel opportunities for detailed characterization of echinoderm neural systems. the present study used immunohistochemistry against fmrfamide and histamine to describe the neural organization in juvenile and adult sea cucumbers. histaminergic- and fmrfa ...201222970182
the expression profiling of the cspyl, cspp2c and cssnrk2 gene families during fruit development and drought stress in cucumber.the abscisic acid (aba) signal transduction core components in plants include the aba receptors (pyr/pyl/rcars), the group a type 2c protein phosphatases (pp2cs) and the subclass iii snf1-related protein kinases 2 (snrk2s). in this study, via homology cloning, three cspyls, four cspp2cs and two cssnrk2s partial cdnas were obtained in cucumber (cucumis sativus). in silico analysis results indicated that all cspyl, cspp2c, and cssnrk2 genes obtained are homologous to arabidopsis atpyl, atpp2c, and ...201222959675
herbivory reduces plant interactions with above- and belowground antagonists and mutualists.herbivores affect plants through direct effects, such as tissue damage, and through indirect effects that alter species interactions. interactions may be positive or negative, so indirect effects have the potential to enhance or lessen the net impacts of herbivores. despite the ubiquity of these interactions, the indirect pathways are considerably less understood than the direct effects of herbivores, and multiple indirect pathways are rarely studied simultaneously. we placed herbivore effects i ...201222919903
[salt stress tolerance of cucumber-grafted rootstocks].taking 4 different cucurbita maxima x c. moschata rootstocks for cucumber (cucumis sativus) as test materials, a solution culture experiment was conducted to study their growth and antioxidative enzyme activities under the stresses of ca(no3)2 and nacl, with the salt stress tolerance of the rootstocks evaluated by subordinate function. at 30 mmol x l(-1) of ca (no3)2 or 45 mmol x l(-1) of nacl, the growth of the rootstock seedlings was improved; but at 60 and 120 mmol x l(-1) of ca(no3)2 or 90 a ...201222919842
triterpene glycosides from the sea cucumber eupentacta fraudatrix. structure and cytotoxic action of cucumariosides a2, a7, a9, a10, an, a13 and a14, seven new minor non-sulfated tetraosides and an aglycone with an uncommon 18-hydroxy group.seven new minor triterpene glycosides, cucumariosides a2 (1), a7 (2), a9 (3), a10 (4), a11 (5), a13 (6) and a14 (7) have been isolated from the far eastern sea cucumber eupentacta fraudatrix. structures of the glycosides were elucidated by 2d nmr spectroscopy and ms. glycosides 1-7 belong to the group of cucumariosides a, having linear tetrasaccharide carbohydrate moieties without any sulfate group and possessing 3-o-methyl-d-xylose as a terminal monosaccharide unit. glycosides 1, 2, 5-7 differ ...201222908562
development of an embryonic skeletogenic mesenchyme lineage in a sea cucumber reveals the trajectory of change for the evolution of novel structures in echinoderms.the mechanisms by which the conserved genetic "toolkit" for development generates phenotypic disparity across metazoans is poorly understood. echinoderm larvae provide a great resource for understanding how developmental novelty arises. the sea urchin pluteus larva is dramatically different from basal echinoderm larval types, which include the auricularia-type larva of its sister taxon, the sea cucumbers, and the sea star bipinnaria larva. in particular, the pluteus has a mesodermally-derived la ...201222877149
effects of 24-epibrassinolide on the photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant system, and chloroplast ultrastructure in cucumis sativus l. under ca(no(3))(2) stress.the effects of 0.1 μm 24-epibrassinolide (ebl) on plant growth (plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight), chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant enzymes, and chloroplast ultrastructure were investigated using cucumber seedlings (cucumis sativus l. cv. jinyou no. 4) with 80 mm ca(no(3))(2) to induce stress. the presence of ca(no(3))(2) caused significant reductions in net photosynthetic rate (p(n)), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular co(2) concentrati ...201222864978
dietary flavonoid fisetin: a novel dual inhibitor of pi3k/akt and mtor for prostate cancer management.epidemiologic and case control population based studies over the past few decades have identified diet as an important determinant of cancer risk. this evidence has kindled interest into research on bioactive food components and has till date resulted in the identification of many compounds with cancer preventive and therapeutic potential. among such compounds has been fisetin (3,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone), a flavonol and a member of the flavonoid polyphenols that also include quercetin, myric ...201222842629
[effects of cucumber leaf's ps ii activity and electron transfer on its ps i activity in recovery process after chilling-induced photoinhibition].taking cucumis sativus l. (jinchun no. 4) as test material, through the determination of chlorophyll-a fluorescence transient and light absorbance at 820 nm, and in combining with chlorophyll quenching, this paper studied the recovery of cucumber leaf' s ps i and ps i activities and the interactions between ps i and ps ii in the recovery process at room temperature (25 degrees c) and under different light intensities (0, 15, and 200 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1)) after six hours of low temperature (4 ...201222803473
dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the determination of some neonicotinoid insecticides in cucumber samples.a rapid, simple and sensitive method has been developed for the analysis of some neonicotinoid insecticides in cucumber samples by using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (dllme) coupled with sweeping in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (mekc). under optimised conditions, the enrichment factors were achieved in the range from 4000 to 10,000. the linearity of the method was in the range from 2.7 to 200 ng g(-1) for thiacloprid, acetamiprid and imidacloprid, and in the range from 4.0 ...201225683431
proteomic analysis of the effects of exogenous calcium on hypoxic-responsive proteins in cucumber roots. 201222788869
influence of sodium chloride, ph, and lactic acid bacteria on anaerobic lactic acid utilization during fermented cucumber spoilage.cucumbers are preserved commercially by natural fermentations in 5% to 8% sodium chloride (nacl) brines. occasionally, fermented cucumbers spoil after the primary fermentation is complete. this spoilage has been characterized by decreases in lactic acid and a rise in brine ph caused by microbial instability. objectives of this study were to determine the combined effects of nacl and ph on fermented cucumber spoilage and to determine the ability of lactic acid bacteria (lab) spoilage isolates to ...201222757713
protective and curative effects of foliar-spray fenton solutions against cucumber (cucumis sativus, l.) powdery mildew.various fenton solutions have been developed for advanced oxidation processes in wastewater treatment. in this study, conventional fenton solutions such as hydrogen peroxide (hooh) + fe(2+) (mix 1) or hooh + fe(3+) (mix 2), and a new type of solution, hooh + fe(3+) + oxalic acid (mix 3), were used as foliar sprays against powdery mildew on cucumber caused by sphaerotheca fuliginea. three fenton solutions, plus a fungicide, fenarimol, were used to cure and/or protect the plant from powdery mildew ...201222755538
responses of soil microbial communities in the rhizosphere of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) to exogenously applied p-hydroxybenzoic acid.changes in soil biological properties have been implicated as one of the causes of soil sickness, a phenomenon that occurs in continuous monocropping systems. however, the causes for these changes are not yet clear. the aim of this work was to elucidate the role of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (phba), an autotoxin of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), in changing soil microbial communities. p-hydroxybenzoic acid was applied to soil every other day for 10 days in cucumber pot assays. then, the structures an ...201222752368
abscisic acid and hydrogen peroxide induce modification of plasma membrane h(+)-atpase from cucumis sativus l. roots under heat shock.we examined the effect of heat shock (hs), for 2 h at 48°c, on plasma membrane h(+)-atpase (pm-h(+)-atpase) measured as the hydrolytic and h(+)-pumping activity. some of the plants were transferred after 2 h hs to control temperature for another 24 h, as post-stressed (ps) plants. a significant increase of pm-h(+)-atpase in plants subjected to hs was observed. the stimulation of pm-h(+)-atpase was higher in ps plants. estimation of transcript levels of cucumber pm-h(+)-atpase in roots indicated ...201222749287
determination of chlorantraniliprole residues in crops by liquid chromatography coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry.an analytical method is presented for the determination of chlorantraniliprole residues in crops. chlorantraniliprole residues were extracted from crop matrixes with acetonitrile after a water soak. the extracts were passed through a strong anion-exchange (sax) spe cartridge stacked on top of a reversed-phase (rp) polymer cartridge. after both cartridges were rinsed and vacuum-dried, the sax cartridge was removed, and chlorantraniliprole was eluted from the rp polymer cartridge with acetonitrile ...201220922964
molecular characterization of a cucumber nitrate reductase (csnr) gene under no(3) (-) stress.nitrate reductase is a key enzyme in the overall process of nitrate assimilation by plants. a full-length cdna clone encoding nitrate reductase (nr; ec 1.6.6.1) was isolated from cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) by rt-pcr and race techniques. the nr of cucumber (csnr), a full-length cdna sequence of 3032 bp contains an open reading frame of 2748 bp encoding 915 amino acids. the deduced 915 amino acid sequence showed high identities with nr from other plants. quantitative real-time pcr analysis indi ...201221786156
assessing abundance and distribution of an invasive thrips frankliniella schultzei (thysanoptera: thripidae) in south florida.within-plant and within-field distribution of larvae and adults of an invasive thrips species, frankliniella schultzei (trybom) on cucumber, cucumis sativus l. was studied in 2008 and 2009 in homestead, florida. the majority of thrips were found inhabiting flowers of cucumber plants and little or none was found on the other parts of the plant. thrips were aggregated in the field, as indicated by the two regression models, taylor's power and iwao's patchiness regression. iwao's patchiness regress ...201222030382
gravistimulation changes the accumulation pattern of the cspin1 auxin efflux facilitator in the endodermis of the transition zone in cucumber seedlings.cucumber (cucumis sativus) seedlings grown in a horizontal position develop a specialized protuberance (or peg) on the lower side of the transition zone between the hypocotyl and the root. this occurs by suppressing peg formation on the upper side via a decrease in auxin resulting from a gravitational response. however, the gravity-stimulated mechanism of inducing asymmetric auxin distribution in the transition zone is poorly understood. the gravity-sensing tissue responsible for regulating auxi ...201222065422
quantitative analysis of sulphated glycosaminoglycans content of malaysian sea cucumber stichopus hermanni and stichopus vastus.stichopus hermanni and stichopus vastus are sea cucumber species from the stichopodidae family within the coastal waters of malaysia. the integument of these invertebrates is hypothesised to contain abundant glycosaminoglycans (gags). gags are divided into non-sulphated and sulphated gags. sulphated gags have various chemico-biological functions that are beneficial to humans. this study quantitatively analysed n-, o-sulphated and total sulphated gag content from three different anatomical region ...201221859370
construction of a high density integrated genetic map for cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).the high-density consensus map was constructed based on the gy14 × pi 183967 map from an inter-subspecific cross and the extended s94 × s06 map from an intra-subspecific cross. the consensus map was composed of 1,369 loci, including 1,152 ssr loci, 192 srap loci, 21 scar loci and one sts locus as well as three gene loci of fruit external quality traits in seven chromosomes, and spanned 700.5 cm, of which 682.7 cm (97.5%) were covered by ssr markers. the average genetic distance and physical inte ...201221971891
the fate of murine norovirus and hepatitis a virus during preparation of fresh produce by cutting and grating.human noroviruses and hepatitis a virus (hav) are commonly associated with outbreaks occurring in restaurant establishments and catered events. food handlers are major contributing factors to foodborne illnesses initiated in the kitchen setting. in this study, transfer of hav and murine norovirus (mnv-1), a human norovirus surrogate, between produce (cucumbers, strawberries, tomatoes, cantaloupes, carrots, and honeydew melons) and common kitchen utensils (graters and knives) was investigated. th ...201223412721
[growth stimulating, fungicidal and nematicidal properties of new microbial substances and their impact on si/mirna synthesis in plant cells].new substances on the basis of soil streptomycete streptomyces avermitilis metabolites and also compositions of preparation averkom with elicitors show growth regulating activity and bioprotective properties, proved in experiments with wheat spring of variety grizo and cucumbers of variety nezhinskiy. most of the created substances possess the antagonistic action in relation to phytopathogenic fungi, as well as antinematode activity in relation to the gallic nematode meleodoidyne incognita. in t ...201223293825
Occidental diffusion of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) 500-1300 CE: two routes to Europe.Background The cucumber, Cucumis sativus, is one of the most widely consumed fruit vegetables the world over. The history of its dispersal to the Occident from its centre of origin, the Indian subcontinent, has been incorrectly understood for some time, due to the confusion of cucumbers with vegetable melons. Iconographic and literary evidence has shown that cucumber was absent in Roman times, up to 500 CE, but present in Europe by late medieval times, 1300. The objective of the present investig ...201222104164
improvement of agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) by combination of vacuum infiltration and co-cultivation on filter paper wicks.an improved method for genetic transformation of cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv. shinhokusei no. 1) was developed. vacuum infiltration of cotyledonary explants with agrobacterium suspension enhanced the efficiency of agrobacterium infection in the proximal regions of explants. co-cultivation on filter paper wicks suppressed necrosis of explants, leading to increased regeneration efficiency. putative transgenic plants were screened by kanamycin resistance and green fluorescent protein (gfp) fluo ...201223874354
phytotoxicity of heptachlor and endosulfan sulfate contaminants in soils to economic crops.the intensive use of organochlorine in the past decades has resulted in contamination of soil worldwide. the phytotoxicity of two organochlorine pesticide, endosulfan sulfate and heptachlor, on the early growth stage of sweet corn (zea mays), waxy corn (zea mays) cowpea (vigna sinensis), cucumber (cucumis sativus) and water morning glory (ipomoea aquatica) were studied. in the range of concentration found in thai agricultural soil, 0.4-40 mg kg(-1) of each pesticide, did not affect the percentag ...201223741808
effects of tagetes patula on active and inactive stages of root-knot nematodes.although marigold (tagetes patula) is known to produce allelopathic compounds toxic to plant-parasitic nematodes, suppression of meloidogyne incognita can be inconsistent. two greenhouse experiments were conducted to test whether marigold is more effective in suppressing meloidogyne spp. when it is active rather than dormant. soils infested with meloidogyne spp. were collected and conditioned in the greenhouse either by 1) keeping the soil dry (dry), 2) irrigating with water (irr), or 3) drenchi ...201223482862
Plant architecture and prey distribution influence foraging behavior of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae).The arrangement, number, and size of plant parts may influence predator foraging behavior, either directly, by altering the rate or pattern of predator movement, or, indirectly, by affecting the distribution and abundance of prey. We report on the effects of both plant architecture and prey distribution on foraging by the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae), on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Plants differed in leaf number (2- or 6-leafed), and there were ...201221983878
efficacy of sodium hypochlorite and acidified sodium chlorite in preventing browning and microbial growth on fresh-cut produce.the use of suitable sanitizers can increase the quality of fresh-cut produce and reduce the risk of foodborne illnesses. the objective of this study was to compare the washing effects of 100 mg/l sodium hypochlorite (sh) and 500 mg/l acidified sodium chlorite (asc) on the prevention of enzymatic browning and the growth of microbial populations, including aerobic plate counts, e. coli, and coliforms, throughout storage at 4°c and 10°c. fresh-cut zucchini, cucumbers, green bell peppers, and root v ...201224471086
determination of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides in fresh fruits and vegetables by high-performance thin-layer chromatography-multienzyme inhibition assay.hptlc-enzyme inhibition assay was applied to different fruit and vegetable samples after individual spiking with organophosphate and carbamate pesticides at their maximum residue limits documented by the european commission. samples were extracted according to the quechers (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method, including cleanup by primary secondary amine sorbent. additional cleanup was performed on the hptlc plate by a prechromatographic step to separate most coextracted matr ...201223175968
isolation and characterisation of lactic acid bacteria from jiang-gua (fermented cucumbers), a traditional fermented food in taiwan.jiang-gua (fermented cucumbers) is a popular traditional fermented food in taiwan. the microflora of lactic acid bacteria (lab) in jiang-gua have not been investigated in detail. in this study, lab from jiang-gua were isolated, characterised and identified.201222271629
the expression profiling of the lipoxygenase (lox) family genes during fruit development, abiotic stress and hormonal treatments in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).lipoxygenases (loxs) are non-haem iron-containing dioxygenases that catalyse oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and lipids to initiate the formation of a group of biologically active compounds called oxylipins. plant oxylipins play important and diverse functions in the cells. in the current study, expression analysis during cucumber development using semi-quantitative rt-pcr revealed that 13 of 23 cslox genes were detectable, and were tissue specific or preferential accumulation. in tot ...201222408466
expression profiling of cucumis sativus in response to infection by pseudoperonospora cubensis.the oomycete pathogen, pseudoperonospora cubensis, is the causal agent of downy mildew on cucurbits, and at present, no effective resistance to this pathogen is available in cultivated cucumber (cucumis sativus). to better understand the host response to a virulent pathogen, we performed expression profiling throughout a time course of a compatible interaction using whole transcriptome sequencing. as described herein, we were able to detect the expression of 15,286 cucumber genes, of which 14,47 ...201222545095
a revised architecture of primary cell walls based on biomechanical changes induced by substrate-specific endoglucanases.xyloglucan is widely believed to function as a tether between cellulose microfibrils in the primary cell wall, limiting cell enlargement by restricting the ability of microfibrils to separate laterally. to test the biomechanical predictions of this "tethered network" model, we assessed the ability of cucumber (cucumis sativus) hypocotyl walls to undergo creep (long-term, irreversible extension) in response to three family-12 endo-β-1,4-glucanases that can specifically hydrolyze xyloglucan, cellu ...201222362871
effects of potential probiotic bacillus subtilis t13 on growth, immunity and disease resistance against vibrio splendidus infection in juvenile sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus.a feeding experiment was conducted to determine influences of potential probiotic bacillus subtilis t13 (isolated from intestine of healthy sea cucumbers) on growth, immunity and disease resistance against vibrio splendidus infection in juvenile sea cucumbers apostichopus japonicus. animals were fed with diets containing b. subtilis t13 at 0, 10(5), 10(7) and 10(9) cfu/g for 30 days, respectively. at the end of the growth trial, fifteen sea cucumbers from each aquarium were sampled for immune in ...201222342649
isolation, characterization and colonization of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase-producing bacteria xg32 and dp24.two 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase-producing bacterial strains (dp24 and xg32) were isolated from surface-sterilized tomato roots and rizhospere soil. the strains were identified as pseudomonas fluorescens biovar. iv (xg2) and erwinia herbicola (dp24) by physiological and biochemical tests, and 16s rrna gene analysis. both strains showed positive plant growth-promoting activity when inoculated into cucumber (cucumis sativus), tomato (lycopersicon esculentum), pepper (capsicum annuum ...201222805836
efficacy of household washing treatments for the control of listeria monocytogenes on salad vegetables.the efficacy of household decontamination methods at reducing listeria monocytogenes on fresh lettuce (lactuca sativa), cucumber (cucumis sativus) and parsley (petroselinum sativum) was studied. inoculated vegetable pieces were immersed in washing solutions and surviving l. monocytogenes enumerated. parameters investigated were storage temperature prior to washing, dipping water temperature, agitation, acetic acid concentration and immersion time. the results indicated that the storage temperatu ...201223107504
factors affecting vegetable growers' exposure to fungal bioaerosols and airborne dust.we have quantified vegetable growers' exposure to fungal bioaerosol components including (1→3)-β-d-glucan (β-glucan), total fungal spores, and culturable fungal units. furthermore, we have evaluated factors that might affect vegetable growers' exposure to fungal bioaerosols and airborne dust. investigated environments included greenhouses producing cucumbers and tomatoes, open fields producing cabbage, broccoli, and celery, and packing facilities. measurements were performed at different times d ...201222003240
development of a model system for the study of spoilage associated secondary cucumber fermentation during long-term storage.calcium chloride fermentations represent an alternative to reduce chloride concentrations in the wastewaters generated from commercial cucumber fermentations, currently performed in cover brine solutions containing 6% to 12% sodium chloride. however, preliminary attempts to commercially ferment the cucumbers in the presence of oxygen led to the development of a secondary cucumber fermentation or spoilage. the development of cucumber secondary fermentation has also been occasionally reported by p ...201222924596
efficacy of antimicrobials for the disinfection of pathogen contaminated green bell pepper and of consumer cleaning methods for the decontamination of knives.while there is strong focus on eliminating pathogens from produce at a commercial level, consumers can employ simple methods to achieve additional pathogen reductions in the domestic kitchen. to determine the ability of antimicrobials to decontaminate peppers, samples of green bell pepper were inoculated with salmonella enterica and escherichia coli o157:h7 and then immersed in 3% (v/v) hydrogen peroxide (h₂o₂), 2.5% (v/v) acetic acid (aa), 70% (v/v) ethyl alcohol (etoh), or sterile distilled wa ...201222476008
mrna-seq analysis of the pseudoperonospora cubensis transcriptome during cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) infection.pseudoperonospora cubensis, an oomycete, is the causal agent of cucurbit downy mildew, and is responsible for significant losses on cucurbit crops worldwide. while other oomycete plant pathogens have been extensively studied at the molecular level, ps. cubensis and the molecular basis of its interaction with cucurbit hosts has not been well examined. here, we present the first large-scale global gene expression analysis of ps. cubensis infection of a susceptible cucumis sativus cultivar, 'vlaspi ...201222545137
in vivo nanotoxicity assays in plant models.increasing application of silver nanoparticles (snps) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (nzno) in consumer products like textiles, cosmetics, washing machines and other household products increases their chance to reach the environment. intensive research is required to assess the nanoparticles' toxicity to the environmental system. the toxicological effect of nanoparticles has been studied at the miniscule scale and requires intensive research to be conducted to assess its unknown effects. plants ar ...201222975978
the protein precursors of peptides that affect the mechanics of connective tissue and/or muscle in the echinoderm apostichopus japonicus.peptides that cause muscle relaxation or contraction or that modulate electrically-induced muscle contraction have been discovered in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus (phylum echinodermata; class holothuroidea). by analysing transcriptome sequence data, here the protein precursors of six of these myoactive peptides (the salmfamides sticho-mfamide-1 and -2, ngiwyamide, stichopin, gn-19 and glrfa) have been identified, providing novel insights on neuropeptide and endocrine-type signalling s ...201222952987
antifungal nortriterpene and triterpene glycosides from the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus selenka.a nortriterpene glycoside, 26-nor-25-oxo-holotoxin a1 (1), four triterpene glycosides, including both holostane and non-holostane types analogues, holotoxins d-g (2-5), together with three known triterpene glycosides, holotoxins a1 and b (6, 7), and cladoloside b (8), were isolated from the warty sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus selenka, a traditional tonic with high economic value in china. the structures of the new compounds were elucidated by a combination of detailed spectroscopic analysi ...201226434293
transcriptome sequencing and characterization for the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus (selenka, 1867).sea cucumbers are a special group of marine invertebrates. they occupy a taxonomic position that is believed to be important for understanding the origin and evolution of deuterostomes. some of them such as apostichopus japonicus represent commercially important aquaculture species in asian countries. many efforts have been devoted to increasing the number of expressed sequence tags (ests) for a. japonicus, but a comprehensive characterization of its transcriptome remains lacking. here, we perfo ...201222428017
response of wild bees (hymenoptera: apoidea: anthophila) to surrounding land cover in wisconsin pickling cucumber.cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) is among the plants highly dependent on insect-mediated pollination, but little is known about its unmanaged pollinators. both domestic and wild bee populations in central wisconsin pickling cucumber fields were assessed using a combination of pan trapping and floral observations before and during bloom. together with land cover analyses extending 2,000 m from field centers, the relationship of land cover components and bee abundance and diversity were examined. ove ...201222732611
enantioselective residue dissipation of hexaconazole in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), head cabbage (brassica oleracea l. var. caulorapa dc.), and soils.in this study, the enantioselective dissipation behavior of hexaconazole was investigated in cucumber fruit, head cabbage, and two different types of agricultural soils. the dissipation kinetics was determined by reverse-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry on a cellulose tris (3-chloro-4-methylphenylcarbamate) chiral column. dissipation rates of hexaconazole enantiomers followed first-order kinetics; the residues of (+)-enantiomer decreased more rapidly than (-)-enantiomer in cu ...201222309697
the newly isolated endophytic fungus paraconiothyrium sp. lk1 produces ascotoxin.we have isolated five endophytic fungi from the roots of capsicum annuum, cucumis sativus and glycine max. the culture filtrates (cf) of these endophytes were screened on dwarf mutant rice (waito-c) and normal rice (dongjin-byeo). endophyte cac-1a significantly inhibited the growth of waito-c and dongjin-byeo. endophyte cac-1a was identified as paraconiothyrium sp. by sequencing the its rdna region and phylogenetic analysis. the ethyl acetate fraction of paraconiothyrium sp. suppressed the germi ...201222267195
variation of antioxidant activity and phenolic content of some common home remedies with storage time.the variation of antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of some plants commonly used as home remedies were screened on the basis of air drying time of (short term and long term air) the dried plant ocimum sanctum (leaf), cucumis sativus (seed), and ethanolic extracts of capsicum frutescens (seed) and coriandrum sativum (seed). antioxidant activities and total phenolic content values were estimated using dpph reagent and folin ciocalteu reagent methods respectively. the antioxidant activ ...201224082333
ion-pair extraction cleanup for liquid chromatographic determination of bentazon in crops and soil.bentazon was selectively extracted as an ion pair with tetrabutylammonium ion into dichloromethane. this technique was used to clean up crop and soil samples before determination of bentazon by reverse phase liquid chromatography and uv detection. recoveries from potatoes, cucumbers, wheat grain, and clay soil were 77-103%, with a detection limit of 0.02 mg/kg.20126746492
chloroacetamides affect the plasma membrane.in the present study membrane fatty acids were analyzed to find a link between the biosynthesis inhibition of very-long-chain fatty acids and the phytotoxic effects of herbicidal chloroacetamides. accordingly, we have isolated membranes of cucumber seedlings (cucumis sativus) by two-phase partitioning and analyzed their fatty acid content. saturated vlcfas ranging from c20 to c26 were found in high amounts (22%) in the plasma membrane fraction. non-modified vlcfas were predominantly present in p ...201212440722
physiological activity of some aminophosphonates.influence of some new aminophosphonates on electrolyte leakage from cucumber (cucumis sativus cv "wisconsin") cotyledons as well as on the content of chlorophyll and activity of guaiacol and pyrogallol peroxidase were studied. concentration of malondialdehyde (mda), one of the end-products of lipid peroxidation, was also measured. it was found that aminophosphates influenced the parameters observed to various extents, depending on their structural features and the concentration used. most active ...201311837690
high light inhibits chlorophyll biosynthesis at the level of 5-aminolevulinate synthesis during de-etiolation in cucumber (cucumis sativus) cotyledons.using the vascular plant cucumis sativus (cucumber) as a model, we studied the effects of high (intense and excess) light upon chlorophyll biosynthesis during de-etiolation. when illuminated with high light (1500-1600 microe/m2/s), etiolated cucumber cotyledons failed to synthesize chlorophyll entirely. however, upon transfer to low light conditions (40-45 microe/m2/s), chlorophyll biosynthesis and subsequent accumulation resumed following an initial 2-12 h delay. duration of high light treatmen ...201316922603
changes in the mode of electron flow to photosystem i following chilling-induced photoinhibition in a c3 plant, cucumis sativus l.this study provides evidence for enhanced electron flow from the stromal compartment of the photosynthetic membranes to p700+ via the cytochrome b6/f complex (cyt b6/f) in leaves of cucumis sativus l. submitted to chilling-induced photoinhibition. the above is deduced from the p700 oxidation-reduction kinetics studied in the absence of linear electron transport from water to nadp+, cyclic electron transfer mediated through the q-cycle of cyt b6/f and charge recombination in photosystem i (psi). ...201317634753
map-kinase activity in etiolated cucumis sativus cotyledons: the effect of red and far-red light irradiation.phytochrome (phy) signalling in plants may be transduced through protein phosphorylation. mitogen-activated protein kinase (map-kinase, mapk) activity and the effect of r (red) and fr (far-red) light irradiation on mapk activity were studied in etiolated cucumis sativus l. cotyledons. by in vitro protein phosphorylation and in-gel assays with myelin basic protein (mbp), a protein band (between 48 and 45 kda) with mapk-like activity was detected. the addition to the phosphorylation buffer of spec ...201323228548
[possible use of ultraviolet fluorescence for detecting protein conformational transitions in intact tissues].spectra of fluorescence (sf) excited by the light with the wave length of 260 nm were measured with the aim of revealing the character of structural reconstructions in water-dificient plant cells. hypocotyls of cucumis sativus l. seedlings during soil draught served as the objects of study. with an increase of water deficiency the sf maximum is shifted to 5-8 nm to the long wave region. in wilted plant tissues free triptophane was accumulated whose sf maximum was shifted to the long wave region ...2013623823
liquid chromatographic determination of five benzoylurea insecticides in fruit and vegetables.a liquid chromatographic (lc) method was developed to determine 5 benzoylureas--diflubenzuron, hexaflumuron, teflubenzuron, flufenozuron, and lufenuron--in peppers, tomatoes, eggplants, cucumbers, and oranges. preparation of samples involve extraction with acetone and partitioning into dichloromethane-petroleum ether. a portion of this extract is cleaned up with a solid-phase extraction aminopropyl disposable column. with lc analysis using an rp-8-db microbore column, acetonitrile-water (70 + 30 ...20139772746
report of illnesses caused by aldicarb-contaminated cucumbers.during may and june of 1985 the health protection branch and several other agencies were involved in the investigation of over 300 reports of illness reported in the vancouver area of british columbia, canada. symptoms reported included nausea, vomiting, dizziness, muscle fasciculation and blurred vision. a review of the onset of symptoms and food consumed suggested that at least 140 people had become ill from eating cucumbers adulterated with a carbamate pesticide. the presence of residues of a ...20133360204
[purification and some properties of 2 copper-containing proteins from the cucumber, cucumis sativus]. 20134376699
plant-mediated changes in the feeding behavior of an invasive whitefly.the invasive whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) is a worldwide pest of agricultural crops that feeds on a wide variety of host plants. although host plant preference is known to vary among b. tabaci biotypes, far less is known about the potential for intraspecific divergence caused by long-term isolation on a single species of host plant. we tested the hypothesis that multigenerational isolation of b. tabaci b, a biotype that has been well-established in china for nearly two decades, on three d ...201324073848
relative amount of symbionts in insect hosts changes with host-plant adaptation and insecticide resistance.the impact of symbionts on their hosts depends on their infection density. in the current study, we investigated the effects of host plant and insecticide resistance on the relative amount of symbionts portiera, hamiltonella, rickettsia, and cardinium in the whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) b biotype. the relative amount of symbionts in three host plant-adapted subpopulations (cucumber, cucumis sativus l.; cabbage, brassica oleracea l.; and cotton, gossypium herbaceum l.) with the same geneti ...201323339787
genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of the mlo gene family in cucumis sativus.mildew resistance locus o (mlo) is a plant-specific seven-transmembrane (tm) gene family. several studies have revealed that certain members of the mlo gene family mediate powdery mildew susceptibility in three plant species, namely, arabidopsis, barley, and tomato. the sequenced cucumber genome provides an opportunity to conduct a comprehensive overview of the mlo gene family. fourteen genes (designated csmlo01 through csmlo14) have been identified within the cucumis sativus genome by using an ...201324391003
iron deficiency in plants: an insight from proteomic approaches.iron (fe) deficiency chlorosis is a major nutritional disorder for crops growing in calcareous soils, and causes decreases in vegetative growth as well as marked yield and quality losses. with the advances in mass spectrometry techniques, a substantial body of knowledge has arisen on the changes in the protein profiles of different plant parts and compartments as a result of fe deficiency. changes in the protein profile of thylakoids from several species have been investigated using gel-based tw ...201323898336
genome-wide analysis of nbs-encoding disease resistance genes in cucumis sativus and phylogenetic study of nbs-encoding genes in cucurbitaceae crops.plant nucleotide-binding site (nbs)-leucine-rich repeat (lrr) proteins encoded by resistance genes play an important role in the responses of plants to various pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and nematodes. in this study, a comprehensive analysis of nbs-encoding genes within the whole cucumber genome was performed, and the phylogenetic relationships of nbs-encoding resistance gene homologues (rghs) belonging to six species in five genera of cucurbitaceae crops were compared.201323418910
one divinyl reductase reduces the 8-vinyl groups in various intermediates of chlorophyll biosynthesis in a given higher plant species, but the isozyme differs between species.divinyl reductase (dvr) converts 8-vinyl groups on various chlorophyll intermediates to ethyl groups, which is indispensable for chlorophyll biosynthesis. to date, five dvr activities have been detected, but adequate evidence of enzymatic assays using purified or recombinant dvr proteins has not been demonstrated, and it is unclear whether one or multiple enzymes catalyze these activities. in this study, we systematically carried out enzymatic assays using four recombinant dvr proteins and five ...201323154534
shoot to root communication is necessary to control the expression of iron-acquisition genes in strategy i plants.previous research showed that auxin, ethylene, and nitric oxide (no) can activate the expression of iron (fe)-acquisition genes in the roots of strategy i plants grown with low levels of fe, but not in plants grown with high levels of fe. however, it is still an open question as to how fe acts as an inhibitor and which pool of fe (e.g., root, phloem, etc.) in the plant acts as the key regulator for gene expression control. to further clarify this, we studied the effect of the foliar application ...201322983673
wild bees visiting cucumber on midwestern u.s. organic farms benefit from near-farm semi-natural areas.wild bees that provide pollination services to vegetable crops depend on forage resources, nesting sites, and overwintering sites in the agricultural landscape. the scale at which crop-visiting bees use resources in the landscape can vary regionally, and has not been characterized in the midwestern united states. we investigated the effects of seminatural land cover on wild bee visitation frequency to cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) and on wild bee species richness on 10 organic farms in indiana. ...201323448020
cloning and expression analysis of wnt6 and hox6 during intestinal regeneration in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus.many developmental genes play important roles in regeneration. here, we cloned the two developmental genes, wnt6 and hox6, from apostichopus japonicus by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the wnt6 full-length cdna is 1140 bp long with a 1029-bp open reading frame encoding 342 amino acids. the deduced wnt6 protein contained a 22-amino acid signal peptide and a 274-amino acid mature peptide. the hox6 (ajhbox6) full-length cdna contained 1312 bp with a 966-bp ...201324301793
rna-seq reveals dynamic changes of gene expression in key stages of intestine regeneration in the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. [corrected].sea cucumbers (holothuroidea; echinodermata) have the capacity to regenerate lost tissues and organs. although the histological and cytological aspects of intestine regeneration have been extensively studied, little is known of the genetic mechanisms involved. there has, however, been a renewed effort to develop a database of expressed sequence tags (ests) in apostichopus japonicus, an economically-important species that occurs in china. this is important for studies on genetic breeding, molecul ...201323936330
physiological characterization of aerobic culturable bacteria in the intestine of the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus.various aerobic culturable bacteria (1,133 isolates) were isolated from the gut of apostichopus japonicus (black adult, green adult, black small, green small, black juvenile, and green juvenile sea cucumbers) and from the sea sediment and the seawater using different culture conditions and without enrichment culture. by molecular analysis of partial 16s rrna gene sequences of 231 isolates, they were tentatively affiliated with 53 described species in the phyla firmicutes (42 species), proteobact ...201323518513
eelgrass detritus as a food source for the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus selenka (echinidermata: holothuroidea) in coastal waters of north china: an experimental study in flow-through systems.eelgrass ecosystems have a wide variety of ecological functions in which living tissues and detritus may be a food source for many marine animals. in this study, we conducted a laboratory simulating experiment to understand the trophic relationship between the eelgrass zostera marina l and the sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus. a mixture of decaying eelgrass debris and seafloor surface muddy sediments was used as food to feed a. japonicus, and then specific growth rates (sgr) and fecal product ...201323505480
sulfated glycosaminoglycans from crown-of-thorns acanthaster planci - extraction and quantification analysis.in this article, the novel inventive steps for the extraction and quantification of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (gag) from acanthaster planci starfish, generally known as crown-of-thorns (cot), are reported. starfish have been implicated with collagenous distributions within their body anatomy, thus making it a prima facie fact searching for the possibility that gags can be isolated from cot. in this study, total-, n-, and o-sulfated gags were extracted from three anatomical regions of the cot (i ...201324804017
heavy metal contamination of vegetables in isfahan, iran.vegetables are an inevitable and important part of a healthy and balanced diet. they could be contaminated by heavy metals in many ways including irrigation by sewage water and industrial effluents sewage sludge, vehicular emissions, industrial waste and atmospheric deposition. in this study, we sought to determine if some vegetables (cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, lettuce, potatoes, onions, carrots, persian leeks, dill, spinach, coriander, parsley) grown locally in the suburban of isfahan city a ...201324459476
[effects of host plants on the life table parameters of experimental populations of aphis gossypii].a comparative study was conducted on the life table parameters of aphis gossypii reared on five host plant species at (25 +/- 1) degrees c in laboratory. there existed significant differences in the durations of various developmental stages, adult longevity, mean offspring number per day, net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, mean generation time, and population doubling time for the a. gossypii populations reared on the host plants. for the aphids on lagena ...201324015567
intercropping of green garlic (allium sativum l.) induces nutrient concentration changes in the soil and plants in continuously cropped cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) in a plastic tunnel.a pot-based experiment was conducted to investigate nutrient concentrations in cucumber plants intercropped with various amounts of green garlic. in addition, the soil nutrient contents were studied over two consecutive growing seasons. the results revealed that the accumulation of biomass and the nutritional elements nitrogen (n), phosphorus (p), potassium (k), calcium (ca) and manganese (mn) in cucumber plants were significantly increased for intercropping treatments during the two growing sea ...201323637994
effects of dietary live yeast hanseniaspora opuntiae c21 on the immune and disease resistance against vibrio splendidus infection in juvenile sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus.a feeding experiment was conducted to determine effects of hanseniaspora opuntiae c21 on immune response and disease resistance against vibrio splendidus infection in juvenile sea cucumbers apostichopus japonicus. sea cucumbers were fed with either diets containing c21 at 10(4), 10(5) and 10(6) cfu g(-1) feed or a control diet for 30-50 days, respectively. after feeding for 30 days and 45 days, five sea cucumbers from each tank were sampled for immunological analyses. results indicated that c21 ...201323063538
compensation effect of bacterium containing biofertilizer on the growth of cucumis sativus l. under al-stress conditions.biofertilizers are used to improve soil fertility and plant production in sustainable agriculture. however, their applicability depends on several environmental parameters. the aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of free-living bacteria containing fertilizer on the growth of cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cvs. delicates) under aluminium (al) stress. different responses to al stress of cucumber growth parameters were examined in terms of root elongation and physiological traits, such as spa ...201323567831
distinctive effects of nano-sized permethrin in the environment.pesticides are an essential tool in integrated pest management. nanopermethrin was prepared by solvent evaporation from an oil-in-water volatile microemulsion. the efficacy of the formulated nanopermethrin was tested against aedes aegypti and the results compared to those of regular, microparticular permethrin. the 24 h lc50 for nanopermethrin and permethrin was found to be 0.0063 and 0.0199 mg/l, respectively. the formulated nanopermethrin was tested for toxicity against non-target organisms. n ...201322972616
chiral triazole fungicide difenoconazole: absolute stereochemistry, stereoselective bioactivity, aquatic toxicity, and environmental behavior in vegetables and soil.in this study, the systemic assessments of the stereoisomers of triazole fungicide difenoconazole are reported for the first time, including absolute stereochemistry, stereoselective bioactivity toward pathogens (alternaria sonali, fulvia fulva, botrytis cinerea, and rhizoctonia solani), and toxicity toward aquatic organisms (scenedesmus obliquus, daphnia magna, and danio rerio). moreover, the stereoselective degradation of difenoconazole in vegetables (cucumber, cucumis sativus and tomato, lyco ...201323451708
antibacterial activity of phyllantus emblica, coriandrum sativum, culinaris medic, lawsonia alba and cucumis sativus.present study deals with the demonstration of the antibacterial activity of very common medicinal plants of pakistani origin i.e., phyllantus emblica, coriandrum sativum, culinaris medic, lawsonia alba and cucumis sativus. the extracts were prepared in crude form by the use of hydro-alcoholic solution and were screened for antibacterial activity against various bacterial species by disk diffusion method. assay was performed using clinical isolates of b. cereus, s. aureus, p. aeruginosa and e. co ...201324147363
trichoderma-plant root colonization: escaping early plant defense responses and activation of the antioxidant machinery for saline stress tolerance.trichoderma spp. are versatile opportunistic plant symbionts which can colonize the apoplast of plant roots. microarrays analysis of arabidopsis thaliana roots inoculated with trichoderma asperelloides t203, coupled with qpcr analysis of 137 stress responsive genes and transcription factors, revealed wide gene transcript reprogramming, proceeded by a transient repression of the plant immune responses supposedly to allow root colonization. enhancement in the expression of wrky18 and wrky40, which ...201323516362
seed germination-influencing bioactive secondary metabolites secreted by the endophyte cladosporium cladosporioides lwl5.the present study was aimed to isolate bioactive metabolites produced by a fungal endophyte from helianthus annuus, capsicum annuum, and cucumis sativus and to assess their role in seed germination. culture filtrate of the endophyte ha-3b from h. annuus was significantly inhibitory towards the germination and growth of lettuce seeds. ha-3b was identified as cladosporium cladosporioides lwl5 through molecular techniques. different concentrations (100, 500 and 1000 ppm) of the ethyl acetate extrac ...201324352011
adhesive-tape recovery combined with molecular and microscopic testing for the detection of cryptosporidium oocysts on experimentally contaminated fresh produce and a food preparation surface.a proof of concept study was conducted to determine if transparent double-sided adhesive tape could be used to recover and detect [by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and immunofluorescence microscopy (ifa)] cryptosporidium parvum oocysts on fresh produce and on a food preparation surface. oocysts were applied on the surface of ten apples, ten peaches, eight cucumbers, and eight tomatoes within circles drawn with a permanent marker. approximately 18 h later, skin excised from three uncontaminated ...201323411739
modified primers for the identification of nonpathogenic fusarium oxysporum isolates that have biological control potential against fusarium wilt of cucumber in taiwan.previous investigations demonstrated that fusarium oxysporum (fo), which is not pathogenic to cucumbers, could serve as a biological control agent for managing fusarium wilt of cucumber caused by fo f. sp. cucumerinum (foc) in taiwan. however, thus far it has not been possible to separate the populations of pathogenic fo from the nonpathogenic isolates that have biological control potential through their morphological characteristics. although these two populations can be distinguished from one ...201323762289
functional characterization of gibberellin oxidases from cucumber, cucumis sativus l.cucurbits have been used widely to elucidate gibberellin (ga) biosynthesis. with the recent availability of the genome sequence for the economically important cucurbit cucumis sativus, sequence data became available for all genes potentially involved in ga biosynthesis for this species. sixteen cdnas were cloned from root and shoot of 3-d to 7-d old seedlings and from mature seeds of c. sativus. two cdnas code for ga 7-oxidases (csga7ox1, and -2), five for ga 20-oxidases (csga20ox1, -2, -3, -4, ...201323507362
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