Publications

resistance of rhodococcus equi to acid ph.	rhodococcus equi is an important gram-positive intracellular facultative pathogen in foals of less than 3 months of age, that causes suppurative bronchopneumonia, lymphadenitis and/or enteritis. the disease in young foals mainly occurs in spring and summer when weather conditions are favorable for survival and multiplication of the bacteria in the environment. r. equi is widespread in the environment of horsebreeding farms: it has been isolated from the soil of paddocks and from the feces of adu ...	2000	10791761
evidence for diverse oxidations in the catabolism of toluene by rhodococcus rhodochrous strain ofs.	rhodococcus rhodochrous strain ofs grew on toluene as a sole source of carbon and energy with a maximum growth rate of 0.011 h(-1). initial reaction products were extracted, derivatized and identified by gc-ms. oxygen consumption studies indicated that ofs grown on an aliphatic substrate required an induction period before oxidizing toluene. ofs grown on toluene transformed an array of aromatic ground water pollutants including styrene, ethylbenzene and chlorobenzene. products of these transform ...	2000	10803902
alkylated benzothiophene desulfurization by rhodococcus sp. strain t09.	a benzothiophene desulfurizing bacterium was isolated and identified as rhodococcus sp. strain t09. growth assays revealed that this strain assimilated, as the sole sulfur source, various organosulfur compounds that cannot be assimilated by the well-studied dibenzothiophene-desulfurizing rhodococcus sp. igts8. the cellular growth rate of strain t09 for the alkylated benzothiophenes depended on the alkylated position and the length of the alkyl moiety.	2000	10803960
[dependence of transformation of chlorophenols by rhodococci on position and number of chlorine atoms in the aromatic ring].	study of the conversion of chlorophenols by rhodococcus opacus 1g, r. rhodnii 135, r. rhodochrous 89, and r. opacus 1cp disclosed the dependence of the conversion rate and pathway on the number and position of chlorine atoms in the aromatic ring. the most active chlorophenol converter, strain r. opacus 1cp, grew on each of the three isomeric monochlorophenols and on 2,4-dichlorophenol; the rate of growth decreased from 4-chlorophenol to 3-chlorophenol and then to 2-chlorophenol. the parameters o ...	2000	10808489
[effect of composition of cellular lipids of formation of nonspecific antibiotic resistance of alkanotrophic rhodocoocci].	the antibiotic resistance and lipid composition of rhodococci grown in rich organic media with gaseous or liquid n-alkanes were studied. hydrocarbon-grown rhodococci exhibited an increased resistance to a wide range of antibiotics (aminoglycosides, linkosamides, macrolides, beta-lactams, and aromatic compounds). the enhanced antibiotic resistance of rhodococci grown on n-alkanes correlated with an increased content of total cell lipids (up to 14-28%) and saturated straight-chain fatty acids (c16 ...	2000	10808491
cooperation between reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates in killing of rhodococcus equi by activated macrophages.	rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular bacterium of macrophages which can infect immunocompromised humans and young horses. in the present study, we examine the mechanism of host defense against r. equi by using a murine model. we show that bacterial killing is dependent upon the presence of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma), which activates macrophages to produce reactive nitrogen and oxygen intermediates. these two radicals combine to form peroxynitrite (onoo(-)), which kills r. equi. mice ...	2000	10816516
efficient production of desulfurizing cells with the aid of expert system.	an expert system was used to achieve the high production of desulfurizing cells of rhodococcus erythropolis ka 2-5-1. by adding a proper amount of sulfur containing component with the aid of the expert system, we could avoid excess feeding which resulted in the lowering of desulfurizing activity and starvation which caused serious damage to cell growth. in order to determine the addition amount by the expert system, the data of the amount of chemical elements contained in the cells were used as ...	2000	10817820
cholesterol oxidase: sources, physical properties and analytical applications.	since flegg (h.m. flegg, an investigation of the determination of serum cholesterol by an enzymatic method, ann. clin. biochem. 10 (1973) 79-84) and richmond (w. richmond, the development of an enzymatic technique for the assay of cholesterol in biological fluids, scand. j. clin. lab. invest. 29 (1972) 25; w. richmond, preparation and properties of a bacterial cholesterol oxidase from nocardia sp. and its application to enzyme assay of total cholesterol in serum, clinical chemistry 19 (1973) 135 ...	2000	10822008
methods for intense aeration, growth, storage, and replication of bacterial strains in microtiter plates.	miniaturized growth systems for heterogeneous culture collections are not only attractive in reducing demands for incubation space and medium but also in making the parallel handling of large numbers of strains more practicable. we report here on the optimization of oxygen transfer rates in deep-well microtiter plates and the development of a replication system allowing the simultaneous and reproducible sampling of 96 frozen glycerol stock cultures while the remaining culture volume remains froz ...	2000	10831450
metabolism of carveol and dihydrocarveol in rhodococcus erythropolis dcl14.	rhodococcus erythropolis dcl14 assimilates all stereoisomers of carveol and dihydrocarveol as sole source of carbon and energy. induction experiments with carveol- or dihydrocarveol-grown cells showed high oxygen consumption rates with these two compounds and with carvone and dihydrocarvone. (dihydro)carveol-grown cells of r. erythropolis dcl14 contained the following enzymic activities involved in the carveol and dihydrocarveol degradation pathways of this micro-organism: (dihydro)carveol dehyd ...	2000	10832640
rhodococcus opacus strain pd630 as a new source of high-value single-cell oil? isolation and characterization of triacylglycerols and other storage lipids.	the triacylglycerol (tag)-accumulating, hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium rhodococcus opacus strain pd630 and chemically induced storage-deficient mutants derived from this strain were investigated for their capability to accumulate storage lipids in the cytoplasm during cultivation under nitrogen-limiting conditions. acylglycerols were analysed by matrix-associated laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof) and by reversed-phase hplc. fatty acids comprising 13-19 car ...	2000	10832641
detection of the 20-kda virulence-associated antigen of rhodococcus equi in malakoplakia-like lesion in pleural tissue obtained from an aids patient.	a malakoplakia-like lesion was detected in a pleural biopsy from an aids patient presenting clinical and radiologic features of pneumonia. cultures of bronchoalveolar lavage and pleural fluid evidenced rhodococcus equi as the causative agent of pleuro-pulmonary infection. immunochemical characterization of the r. equi isolate showed the presence of a strain similar to the atcc 33704 reference strain presenting the capsular antigen of serotype 4, and the intermediate virulence-associated antigen ...	2000	10834389
rhodococcus koreensis sp. nov., a 2,4-dinitrophenol-degrading bacterium.	a 2,4-dinitrophenol-degrading bacterial strain, dnp505t, which was isolated from an industrial wastewater, was taxonomically studied by a polyphasic approach using phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic methods. strain dnp505t has a cell wall of chemotype iv containing meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose and galactose. the predominant menaquinone is mk-8(h2). mycolic acids contain 43-53 carbon atoms. strain dnp505t has a cellular fatty acid profile containing straight-chain saturated, unsaturate ...	2000	10843063
[molecular biology of enzymes degrading pollutants: diversity and convergent evolution observed on extradiol dioxygenases].		2000	10846472
post-translational modification is essential for catalytic activity of nitrile hydratase.	nitrile hydratase from rhodococcus sp. n-771 is an alphabeta heterodimer with a nonheme ferric iron in the catalytic center. in the catalytic center, alphacys112 and alphacys114 are modified to a cysteine sulfinic acid (cys-so2h) and a cysteine sulfenic acid (cys-soh), respectively. to understand the function and the biogenic mechanism of these modified residues, we reconstituted the nitrile hydratase from recombinant unmodified subunits. the alphabeta complex reconstituted under argon exhibited ...	2000	10850812
desulfurization of alkylated forms of both dibenzothiophene and benzothiophene by a single bacterial strain.	thirty-five bacterial strains capable of converting dibenzothiophene into 2-hydroxybiphenyl were isolated. among them rhodococcus erythropolis ka2-5-1 was chosen for further characterization because of its ability to retain high desulfurization activity stably. pcr cloning and dna sequencing of a ka2-5-1 genomic dna fragment showed that it was practically identical with dszabc genes from rhodococcus sp. igts8, a representative carbon-sulfur-bond-targeted dibenzothiophene-degrading bacterium. ka2 ...	2000	10856644
real-time monitoring of nitrile biotransformations by mid-infrared spectroscopy.	in this study mid-infrared spectroscopy was used to follow the enzyme kinetics involved in nitrile biocatalysis using whole cell suspensions of the bacterium rhodococcus rhodochrous ll100-21. the bacteria were grown on acetonitrile to induce a two-step enzymatic pathway. acetonitrile was biotransformed to acetamide by a nitrile hydratase enzyme and subsequently to acetic acid (carboxylate ion) by an amidase enzyme. the bacteria were also grown on benzonitrile to induce a one-step enzymatic pathw ...	2000	10856779
room-temperature ionic liquids as replacements for organic solvents in multiphase bioprocess operations.	organic solvents are widely used in a range of multiphase bioprocess operations including the liquid-liquid extraction of antibiotics and two-phase biotransformation reactions. there are, however, considerable problems associated with the safe handling of these solvents which relate to their toxic and flammable nature. in this work we have shown for the first time that room-temperature ionic liquids, such as 1-butyl-3-methylimi- dazolium hexafluorophosphate, [bmim][pf(6)], can be successfully us ...	2000	10861402
enzymatic dehalogenation of gas phase substrates with haloalkane dehalogenase.	haloalkane dehalogenase is an enzyme capable of catalyzing the conversion of short-chained (c(2)-c(8)) aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons to a corresponding primary alcohol. because of its broad substrate specificity for mono-, di-, and trisubstituted halogenated hydrocarbons and cofactor independence, haloalkane dehalogenases are attractive biocatalysts for gas-phase bioremediation of pollutant halogenated vapor emissions. a solid preparation of haloalkane dehalogenase from rhodococcus rhodochr ...	2000	10861403
change in natural history of opportunistic infections in hiv-infected patients.		2000	10862994
hiv-infected patient with a rhodococcus equi pneumonia.	the case history of a hiv patient with a pulmonary infect of rhodococcus equi is presented. he recovered after prolonged treatment with antibiotics and lobectomy. the rhodococcus equi infection was the presenting symptom of his impaired immune status caused by hiv infection.	2000	10862999
[oxidation of organic compounds by rhodococcus erythropolis 3/89 propanomonooxygenase].	the ability of propane monooxygenase of rhodococcus erythropolis 3/89 to catalyze oxidation of higher liquid alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbons was studied. optimal conditions of tetradecene epoxidation and benzene hydroxylation were found. under these conditions, oxidation was shown to be accompanied by a 100% conversion of benzene to phenol.	2000	10867943
nitrilase of rhodococcus rhodochrous j1. conversion into the active form by subunit association.	nitrilase-containing resting cells of rhodococcus rhodochrous j1 converted acrylonitrile and benzonitrile to the corresponding acids, but the purified nitrilase hydrolyzed only benzonitrile, and not acrylonitrile. the activity of the purified enzyme towards acrylonitrile was recovered by preincubation with 10 mm benzonitrile, but not by preincubation with aliphatic nitriles such as acrylonitrile. it was shown by light-scattering experiments, that preincubation with benzonitrile led to the assemb ...	2000	10601860
hydrolysis of lysergamide to lysergic acid by rhodococcus equi a4.	from a mixture of lysergamide and its epimer isolysergamide, rhodococcus equi a4 containing amidase preferentially hydrolyzed lysergamide into lysergic acid.	2001	11035188
[acid-resistant microorganisms: mycobacteria, nocardia, rhodococci, chemical composition, biological properties, antigenic structure].		2001	11588969
cloning and characterization of a gene cluster for cyclododecanone oxidation in rhodococcus ruber sc1.	biological oxidation of cyclic ketones normally results in formation of the corresponding dicarboxylic acids, which are further metabolized in the cell. rhodococcus ruber strain sc1 was isolated from an industrial wastewater bioreactor that was able to utilize cyclododecanone as the sole carbon source. a reverse genetic approach was used to isolate a 10-kb gene cluster containing all genes required for oxidative conversion of cyclododecanone to 1,12-dodecanedioic acid (ddda). the genes required ...	2001	11591693
[utility of prolonged incubation and terminal subcultures of blood cultures from immunocompromised patients].	the value of blind terminal subcultures (7 and 30 days) and prolonged incubation (30 days) of blood cultures from immunosuppressed patients was analyzed in the fundación favaloro, the fundación para la lucha contra las enfermedades neurológicas de la infancia and the hospital de niños ricardo gutiérrez. a total of 2707 blood cultures and 369 patients were included (transplantation of solid organs 154, oncohematologic disorders 106 and solid tumors 109). bact-alert bottles were incubated at 35 de ...	2001	11594009
high-density sampling of a bacterial operon using mrna differential display.	we have implemented a simplified high throughput approach to differential display in order to identify transcriptionally regulated genes in bacteria. in contrast with the few previous applications of differential display to prokaryotes, we use a large number of primers which allows for a high-density sampling of the mrna population and the identification of many differentially amplified dna fragments. from the overlap of these short sequences, long contiguous sequences that encode several genes ...	2001	11595177
[biodegradation of oil products by degrader strains and their associations in liquid media].	the degrading activities of selected bacterial strains and their associations directed towards fuel oil and diesel fuel in liquid media were studied. two-member associations composed preferably by rhodococcus and pseudomonas strains demonstrated the highest degrading efficiencies. no enhancement was achieved when the number of association members was increased to three, four, or five strains. the population stability of any member strain was found to depend on the association composition.	2001	11605465
[extracellular metabolites of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria as a substrate for sulfate reduction].	the relationship between bacterial oxidation of hydrocarbons and sulfate reduction was studied in the experimental system with liquid paraffin was used as a source of organic compounds inoculated with silt taken from a reservoir. pseudomonads dominated in the hydrocarbon-oxidizing silt bacteriocenosis. however, rhodococcus and arthrobacteria amounted to not more than 3%. arthrobacteria dominated the microbial association formed in the paraffin film of the model system. sulfate-reducing bacteria ...	2001	11605466
characterization of rhodococcus opacus r7, a strain able to degrade naphthalene and o-xylene isolated from a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil.	rhodococcus opacus r7 was isolated from a soil contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for its ability to grow on naphthalene. the strain was also able to degrade o-xylene, the isomer of xylenes most recalcitrant to microbial degradation. the catabolic pathways for naphthalene and o-xylene were investigated by identification of metabolites in r. opacus r7 cultures performed with the two hydrocarbons and by evaluation of some enzymes involved in the metabolism of these compounds. 1,2-d ...	2001	11605984
haloalkane hydrolysis with an immobilized haloalkane dehalogenase.	haloalkane dehalogenase from rhodococcus rhodochrous was covalently immobilized onto a polyethyleneimine impregnated gamma-alumina support. the dehalogenating enzyme was found to retain greater than 40% of its original activity after immobilization, displaying an optimal loading (max. activity/supported protein) of 70 to 75 mg/g with an apparent maximum (max. protein/support) of 156 mg/g. the substrate, 1,2,3-trichloropropane, was found to favorably partition (adsorb) onto the inorganic alumina ...	2001	11668441
cloning of a genetically unstable cytochrome p-450 gene cluster involved in degradation of the pollutant ethyl tert-butyl ether by rhodococcus ruber.	rhodococcus ruber (formerly gordonia terrae) ifp 2001 is one of a few bacterial strains able to degrade ethyl tert-butyl ether (etbe), which is a major pollutant from gasoline. this strain was found to undergo a spontaneous 14.3-kbp chromosomal deletion, which results in the loss of the ability to degrade etbe. sequence analysis of the region corresponding to the deletion revealed the presence of a gene cluster, ethabcd, encoding a ferredoxin reductase, a cytochrome p-450, a ferredoxin, and a 10 ...	2001	11673424
cloning and characterization of benzoate catabolic genes in the gram-positive polychlorinated biphenyl degrader rhodococcus sp. strain rha1.	benzoate catabolism is thought to play a key role in aerobic bacterial degradation of biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). benzoate catabolic genes were cloned from a pcb degrader, rhodococcus sp. strain rha1, by using pcr amplification and temporal temperature gradient electrophoresis separation. a nucleotide sequence determination revealed that the deduced amino acid sequences encoded by the rha1 benzoate catabolic genes, benabcdk, exhibit 33 to 65% identity with those of acinetobact ...	2001	11673430
the att locus of rhodococcus fascians strain d188 is essential for full virulence on tobacco through the production of an autoregulatory compound.	the ability of rhodococcus fascians strain d188 to provoke leafy gall formation on a variety of plant species is correlated with the linear plasmid pfid188, on which different pathogenicity loci were identified. the att locus affects the severity of symptom development on tobacco, whereas the fas locus is essential for virulence. to gain insight into the function of the att locus, sequence and expression analyses were performed. the att locus contains nine open reading frames homologous to argin ...	2001	11679063
rapid and specific identification of nitrile hydratase (nhase)-encoding genes in soil samples by polymerase chain reaction.	a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) protocol was developed for the specific detection of genes coding nitrile hydratase (nhase). primer design was based on the highly conserved sequences found in the coding region of the alpha-subunit gene corresponding to the metal-binding site. purified genomic dna from bacterial strains or directly from soil can serve as the target for the pcr, thus affording a simple and rapid method for screening nhase genes. the primer pairs, nhco1/nhco2 and nhfe1/nhfe2 yiel ...	2001	11682195
metabolism of anthracene by a rhodococcus species.	a rhodococcus sp. isolated from contaminated river sediment was investigated to determine if the isolate could degrade high molecular mass polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. the rhodococcus sp. was able to utilize anthracene (53%), phenanthrene (31%), pyrene (13%), and fluoranthene (5%) as sole source of carbon and energy, but not naphthalene or chrysene. in a study of the degradation of anthracene by a rhodococcus sp., the identification of ring-fission products indicated at least two ring-cleav ...	2001	11682202
enhanced biodegradation of methylhydrazine and hydrazine contaminated nasa wastewater in fixed-film bioreactor.	the aerobic biodegradation of national aeronautics and space administration (nasa) wastewater that contains mixtures of highly concentrated methylhydrazine/hydrazine, citric acid and their reaction product was studied on a laboratory-scale fixed film trickle-bed reactor. the degrading organisms, achromobacter sp., rhodococcus b30 and rhodococcus j10, were immobilized on coarse sand grains used as support-media in the columns. under continuous flow operation, rhodococcus sp. degraded the methylhy ...	2001	11693290
degradation of 1,3-dichloropropene by a soil bacterial consortium and rhodococcus sp. as2c isolated from the consortium.	a bacterial consortium capable of degrading the fumigant 1,3-d ((z)- and (e)- 1,3-dichloropropene) was enriched from an enhanced soil. this mixed culture degraded (z)- and (e)-1,3-d only in the presence of a suitable biodegradable organic substrate, such as tryptone, tryptophan, or alanine. after 8 months of subculturing at 2- to 3-week intervals, a strain of rhodococcus sp. (as2c) that was capable of degrading 1,3-d cometabolically in the presence of a suitable second substrate was isolated. (z ...	2001	11693294
apoptosis in oral lichen planus.	apoptotic cell death may be a contributory cause of basal cell destruction in oral lichen planus (olp). therefore. the purpose of this study was to investigate the rate of apoptosis in olp and the expression of two proteins (fasr and fasl) regulating this process. biopsies from 18 patients with histologically diagnosed olp were investigated, with comparison to normal oral mucosa of healthy persons. for visualisation of dna fragmentation, the tunel method was used. in order to characterise the in ...	2001	11695759
leafy gall formation by rhodococcus fascians.	rhodococcus fascians infects a wide range of plants, initiating the formation of leafy galls that consist of centers of shoot amplification and shoot growth inhibition. r. fascians is an epiphyte but it also can establish endophytic populations. bacterial signals involved in symptom development initiate de novo cell division and shoot meristem formation in differentiated tissues. the r. fascians signals exert activities that are distinct from mere cytokinin effects, and the evidence points to a ...	2001	11701858
in vitro activities of a new ketolide, abt-773, against multidrug-resistant gram-positive cocci.	the in vitro activities of abt-773 were evaluated against 324 strains of gram-positive bacteria, including multidrug-resistant staphylococcus spp. and enterococcus spp. abt-773 had lower mic ranges, mics at which 50% of isolates are inhibited (mic(50)s), and mic(90)s than erythromycin or clindamycin for almost all isolates tested. the mics of abt-773 were also lower than those of quinupristin-dalfopristin (q-d) for methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, rhodococcus spp., and streptococcu ...	2001	11709359
application of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and taqman pcr techniques to the detection and identification of rhodococcus coprophilus in faecal samples.	rhodococcus coprophilus, a natural inhabitant of herbivore faeces, has been suggested as a good indicator of animal (as opposed to human) faecal contamination of aquatic environments. however, conventional detection methods limit its use for this as they require up to 21 days to obtain a result. in this paper an optimised method for extracting r. coprophilus dna from faecal samples is described. pcr and 5'-nuclease (taqman) pcr methods were developed to allow the detection and enumeration of r. ...	2001	11714526
rhodococcus equi pneumonia in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus: case report and review.	rhodococcus equi is a facultative, intracellular, gram-positive coccobacillus increasingly reported as an opportunistic pathogen in patients positive for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). an hiv-positive man developed r. equi pneumonia and sepsis. he failed to improve despite surgical drainage of localized infection and many empiric antibiotics. time-kill studies of r. equi isolated from the patient were performed against various antimicrobial agents to optimize therapy. levofloxacin seemed to ...	2001	11718503
prevalence of virulent rhodococcus equi in soil from five r. equi-endemic horse-breeding farms and restriction fragment length polymorphisms of virulence plasmids in isolates from soil and infected foals in texas.	rhodococcus equi isolates (462) obtained from 64 soil samples collected on 5 r. equi-endemic horse-breeding farms and isolates from 100 infected foals in texas were examined to determine the prevalence and genotypic diversity of virulence-associated plasmids. isolates were tested for the presence of 15-17-kda virulence-associated protein antigens (vapa) by immunoblotting and virulence-associated plasmids by pcr. plasmid dnas were isolated and analyzed by digestion with restriction endonucleases ...	2001	11724139
corrosion protection by anaerobiosis.	biofilm-forming bacteria can protect mild (unalloyed) steel from corrosion. mild steel coupons incubated with rhodoccocus sp. strain c125 and pseudomonas putida mt2 in an aerobic phosphate-buffered medium containing benzoate as carbon and energy source, underwent a surface reaction leading to the formation of a corrosion-inhibiting vivianite layer [fe3(po4)2]. electrochemical potential (e) measurements allowed us to follow the buildup of the vivianite cover. the presence of sufficient metabolica ...	2001	11730124
alkanesulfonate degradation by novel strains of achromobacter xylosoxidans, tsukamurella wratislaviensis and rhodococcus sp., and evidence for an ethanesulfonate monooxygenase in a. xylosoxidans strain ae4.	novel isolates of achromobacter xylosoxidans, tsukamurella wratislaviensis and a rhodococcus sp. are described. these grew with short-chain alkanesulfonates as their sole source of carbon and energy. t. wratislaviensis strain sb2 grew well with c(3)-c(6) linear alkanesulfonates, isethionate and taurine, rhodococcus sp. strain cb1 used c(3)-c(10) linear alkanesulfonates, taurine and cysteate, but neither strain grew with ethanesulfonate. in contrast, a. xylosoxidans strain ae4 grew well with etha ...	2001	11734883
hstk, a cyanobacterial protein with both a serine/threonine kinase domain and a histidine kinase domain: implication for the mechanism of signal transduction.	two distinct families of protein kinases are involved in signal transduction: ser, thr and tyr kinases, which are predominantly found among eukaryotes, and his kinases, as part of bacterial two-component signalling systems. genetic studies in arabidopsis and saccharomyces have demonstrated that bacterial-type two-component systems may act upstream of ser/thr kinases in the same signalling pathway, but how this coupling is accomplished remains unclear. in the present study, we report the characte ...	2001	11736654
rhodococcus sp. rb1 grows in the presence of high nitrate and nitrite concentrations and assimilates nitrate in moderately saline environments.	rhodococcus sp. rb1 was able to thrive in media with up to 0.9 m nacl or kcl and in the presence of high concentrations of nitrate (up to 0.9 m) and nitrite (up to 60 mm), but only under oxic conditions. an adaptation period was not required for salt tolerance, but a rapid extrusion of k+ and intake of na+ was observed after addition of 0.5 m nacl. nitrate assimilation was limited by the carbon supply, but nitrite was not accumulated in the culture medium, even at nitrate concentrations as high ...	2001	11491084
microbial reduction of alpha-chloroketone to alpha-chlorohydrin.	microbial reduction of alpha-chloroketone to alpha-chlorohydrin was studied as one of the approaches for construction of the chiral center of the corresponding epoxide. about 100 microorganisms covering many species of candida, pichia, hansenula, geotrichum, rhodococcus and aureobasidium were screened to reduce the alpha-chloroketone stereospecifically. many strains provided the r-alpha-chlorohydrin with 100% enantiomeric excess (ee), e.g., candida sonorensis sc 16117, geotrichum candidum sc 546 ...	2001	11494099
evaluation of equine immunoglobulin specific for rhodococcus equi virulence-associated proteins a and c for use in protecting foals against rhodococcus equi-induced pneumonia.	to determine whether purified equine immunoglobulin specific for rhodococcus equi virulence-associated proteins a and c (vapa and vapc) can confer passive protection against r. equi-induced pneumonia in foals.	2001	11497456
microbial desulfurization of alkylated dibenzothiophene and alkylated benzothiophene by recombinant rhodococcus sp. strain t09.	the dibenzothiophene (dbt) desulfurizing operon, dsz, was introduced into various benzothiophene (bt)-desulfurizing bacteria using a rhodococcus-e. coli shuttle vector. of the tested recombinant bacteria, only those from rhodococcus sp. strain t09 grew with both dbt and bt as the sole sulfur source. these recombinant cells desulfurized not only alkylated bts, but also various alkylated dbts, producing alkylated hydroxybiphenyls as the desulfurized products. recombinant strain t09 also desulfuriz ...	2001	11499930
polychlorinated biphenyl degradation activities and hybridization analyses of fifteen aerobic strains isolated from a pcb-contaminated site.	fifteen bacterial strains using biphenyl as sole carbon and energy source, obtained from different positions and depths of a polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb)-contaminated area, were analyzed for their basic metabolic phenotypes and subjected to genomic dna hybridization screening for the presence of well characterized bph operons such as those of pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes kf707 and rhodococcus globerulus p6. most of the isolates belonged to the gamma-subdivision (pseudomonas stutzeri, p. pluti ...	2001	11501677
two new variants of the rhodococcus equi virulence plasmid, 90 kb type iii and type iv, recovered from a foal in japan.	this report describes the discovery of two new virulence plasmid types from a crossbred foal with rhodococcus equi pneumonia in kumamoto died with severe r. equi pneumonia and ulcerative enteritis. r. equi was isolated in large numbers and isolates from the foal were investigated for the presence of virulence-associated 15-17 kda antigens (vapa) by colony blotting, using the monoclonal antibody 10g5, and by gene coding for vapa by pcr. plasmid dnas extracted from the isolates were digested with ...	2001	11506930
heterobactins: a new class of siderophores from rhodococcus erythropolis igts8 containing both hydroxamate and catecholate donor groups.	we report here on a new class of siderophores isolated from rhodococcus erythropolis igts8, the first structurally characterized from any species of rhodococcus and for which we suggest the name heterobactins. these siderophores consist of a tripeptide of sequence (n-oh)-l-orn-gly-d-orn-(delta-n-dihydroyxbenzoate). the alpha amino group of the d-orn is derivatized either as a 2-hydroxybenzoxazolate in heterobactin a or remains free in heterobactin b. the structures were determined by a combinati ...	2001	11508844
isolation and characterisation of rhodococcus erythropolis ta57 able to degrade the triazine amine product from hydrolysis of sulfonylurea pesticides in soils.	we isolated a bacterium capable of metabolising a methylated and methoxylated s-triazine ring as the only nitrogen source. on a weight basis, the s-triazine, commonly named triazine amine (tam), constitutes approx. half of several sulfonylurea herbicides and is formed after hydrolysis of these herbicides. the isolate, strain ta57 was identified using multi-phasic taxonomy as a gram-positive rhodococcus erythropolis. strain ta57 mineralised over 50% 14c-labelled tam within 4 days in growing cultu ...	2001	11518330
a unique phosphatidylinositol bearing a novel branched-chain fatty acid from rhodococcus equi binds to influenza virus hemagglutinin and inhibits the infection of cells.	from the aquatic bacterium rhodococcus equi strain s(420), we isolated a substance that strongly binds to influenza viruses. structural analyses revealed that it is a unique type of phosphatidylinositol (ptdins) bearing a branched-chain fatty acid (14-methyloctadecanoic acid). in a tlc/virus-binding immunostaining assay, this ptdins bound to all subtypes of hemagglutinin (ha) of influenza a viruses tested, isolated from humans, ducks and swine, and also to human influenza b viruses. furthermore, ...	2001	11530013
[study of the stability association of oil-degrading microorganisms in an open system].	investigation of the stability of an association of active hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms grown on diesel fuel showed that not all members of the association were competitive in an open flow system. the abundance of some strains considerably decreased during cultivation. one of the strain groups had consistently high cell titers, both in the medium and on a support. this prompts the authors to use these strains as degraders of diesel fuel.	2001	11530663
a novel gene encoding a 54 kda polypeptide is essential for butane utilization by pseudomonas sp. imt37.	twenty-three propane- and butane-utilizing bacteria were isolated from soil samples collected from oilfields. three of them have been identified as rhodococcus sp. imt35, pseudomonas sp. imt37 and pseudomonas sp. mt40. sds-page analysis of the membrane of rhodococcus sp. imt35 revealed the presence of at least four polypeptides induced by propane. polyclonal antibody raised against a 58 kda polypeptide from rhodococcus sp. imt35 specifically detected bacteria which were actively utilizing propan ...	2001	11535788
construction of rhodococcus random mutagenesis libraries using tn5 transposition complexes.	the ability to generate tagged mutants of rhodococcus spp. will facilitate a deeper understanding of this medically and commercially important genus. the absence of efficient transposon systems in these organisms has here been overcome by the use of tn5-based dna-protein transposition complexes which can transpose at high efficiency. to achieve this, electroporation efficiencies and antibiotic selection were optimized. a rhodococcus rhodochrous cw25 tn5 insertion library of 1500 mutants was crea ...	2001	11535792
evidence for interfacial uptake in hexadecane degradation by rhodococcus equi: the importance of cell flocculation.	the kinetics of hexadecane degradation were studied in four strains of rhodococcus equi that did not produce biosurfactants. the aim was to analyse the characteristics of alkane uptake and their relevance to a mechanism of interfacial uptake. the kinetic studies involved continuous determination of degradation by electrolytic respirometry in a diphasic system where the hydrophobic phase was hexadecane or a solution of hexadecane in a non-toxic, non-biodegradable solvent, either 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-hep ...	2001	11535793
characterization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria isolated from polluted soils and containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase.	fifteen bacterial strains containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) deaminase were isolated from the rhizoplane of pea (pisum sativum l.) and indian mustard (brassica juncea l.) grown in different soils and a long-standing sewage sludge contaminated with heavy metals. the isolated strains were characterized and assigned to various genera and species, such as pseudomonas brassicacearum, pseudomonas marginalis, pseudomonas oryzihabitans, pseudomonas putida, pseudomonas sp., alcaligenes xy ...	2001	11547884
19f nmr metabolomics for the elucidation of microbial degradation pathways of fluorophenols.	of all nmr-observable isotopes 19f is the one most convenient for studies on the biodegradation of environmental pollutants and especially for fast initial metabolic screening of newly isolated organisms. in the past decade we have identified the 19f nmr characteristics of many fluorinated intermediates in the microbial degradation of fluoroaromatics including especially fluorophenols. in the present paper we give an overview of results obtained for the initial steps in the aerobic microbial deg ...	2001	11548746
biological production of optically active muconolactones by rhodococcus rhodochrous.	optically active (-)-3-methylmuconolactone was biologically produced using a mutant strain of rhodococcus rhodochrous n75 that is capable of metabolizing 4-methylcatechol via a modified ortho-cleavage pathway. the mutant strain (cj30) was prepared by mutagenesis using n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine and found to be blocked in the degradation of 3-methyl-muconolactone. cells of the mutant cj30, which had been previously grown on yeast extract and induced with p-toluate, transformed p-toluate ...	2001	11549019
transformation of 2,2'-dichlorodiisopropyl ether in mixed and pure culture.	an aerobic enrichment culture derived from a groundwater contaminated with organic and chloroorganic compounds was adapted to the transformation of 2,2'-dichlorodiisopropyl ether (dde) in a continuous fixed-bed bioreactor. continuous dde removal efficiencies over 90% were achieved with a model water containing 3.3 mm methanol as co-substrate at dde loading rates of up to 150 micromol l(-1) day(-1) with a hydraulic retention time of 24 h. in batch cultures, a stoichiometric release of 2 micromol ...	2001	11549025
[detection of arcanobacterium haemolyticum phospholipase d neutralizing antibodies in patients with acute tonsillitis].	neutralization test carried on a non-nutrient blood agar prepared from sheep erythrocytes sensibilized with equi factor of rhodococcus equi was used for the detection of antibodies against phospholipase d (pld) of arcanobacterium haemolyticum. altogether, 433 sera from 404 patients aged 1 to 25 years with the signs of acute tonsillitis were examined. antibodies against pld were found in 28 patients (6.9%). in 116 sera from persons without the signs of tonsillitis the antibodies against pld were ...	2001	11550418
[microbiota of the orchid rhizoplane].	six bacterial strains isolated from the underground roots of the terrestrial orchid calanthe vestita var. rubrooculata were found to belong to the genera arthrobacter, bacillus, mycobacterium, and pseudomonas. strains isolated from the aerial roots of the epiphytic orchid dendrobium moschatum were classified into the genera bacillus, curtobacterium, flavobacterium, nocardia, pseudomonas, rhodococcus, and xanthomonas. the rhizoplane of the terrestrial orchid was also populated by cyanobacteria of ...	2001	11558285
use of computerised tomography to diagnose a rhodococcus equi mediastinal abscess causing severe respiratory distress in a foal.		2001	11558751
application of radiolabeled tracers to biocatalytic flux analysis.	radiolabeled tracers can provide valuable information about the structure of and flux distributions in biocatalytic reaction networks. this method derives from prior studies of glucose metabolism in mammalian systems and is implemented by pulsing a culture with a radiolabeled metabolite that can be transported into the cells and subsequently measuring the radioactivity of all network metabolites following separation by liquid chromatography. intracellular fluxes can be directly determined from t ...	2001	11559364
a new type of muconate cycloisomerase from rhodococcus rhodochrous strain 89.	muconate cycloisomerase (mci) was purified from rhodococcus rhodochrous 89 grown on phenol. the enzyme appears to contain two different type subunits with molecular masses 35.5 and 37 kd. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of both subunits showed more similarity to corresponding enzymes from gram-negative bacteria than to one from rhodococcus opacus 1cp. mci from r. rhodochrous 89, like analogous enzymes from gram-negative bacteria, can convert 2-chloromuconate (2-cm) with the formation of both, ...	2001	11563954
purification and properties of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylases from rhodococcus strains.	gram-positive bacteria of the genus rhodococcus catabolize p-hydroxybenzoate (phb) through the initial formation of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate. high levels of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase (phbh) activity are induced in six different rhodococcus species when these strains are grown on phb as sole carbon source. the phbh enzymes were purified to apparent homogeneity and appeared to be homodimers of about 95 kd with each subunit containing a relatively weakly bound fad. in contrast to their counterpart ...	2001	11566060
physical and metabolic interactions of pseudomonas sp. strain ja5-b45 and rhodococcus sp. strain f9-d79 during growth on crude oil and effect of a chemical surfactant on them.	methods to enhance crude oil biodegradation by mixed bacterial cultures, for example, (bio)surfactant addition, are complicated by the diversity of microbial populations within a given culture. the physical and metabolic interactions between rhodococcus sp. strain f9-d79 and pseudomonas sp. strain ja5-b45 were examined during growth on bow river crude oil. the effects of a nonionic chemical surfactant, igepal co-630 (nonylphenol ethoxylate), also were evaluated. strain f9-d79 grew attached to th ...	2001	11571196
evaluation of e test, disk diffusion and broth microdilution to establish tentative quality control limits and review susceptibility breakpoints for two aerobic actinomycetes.	a single laboratory study was carried out to compare e test with broth microdilution and disk diffusion to establish tentative quality control ranges for nocardia asteroides atcc 19247 and rhodococcus equi atcc 6939 against a panel of eight antimicrobial agents. reproducibility testing was performed on 12 consecutive days to establish tentative quality control ranges. a total of 36 clinical strains of the nocardia asteroides complex and 5 rhodococcus strains were used in the study. both candidat ...	2001	11576791
multiplicity of aromatic ring hydroxylation dioxygenase genes in a strong pcb degrader, rhodococcus sp. strain rha1 demonstrated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.	to address the multiplicity of aromatic ring hydroxylation dioxygenases, we used pcr amplification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). the amplified dna fragments separated into five bands, a to e. southern hybridization analysis of rha1 total dna using the probes for each band showed that band c originated from a couple of homologous genes. the nucleotide sequences of the bands showed that bands a, c, and e would be parts of new dioxygenase genes in rha1. that of band b agreed w ...	2001	11577742
prevalence of virulent rhodococcus equi in isolates from soil collected from two horse farms in south africa and restriction fragment length polymorphisms of virulence plasmids in the isolates from infected foals, a dog and a monkey.	the prevalence of virulent rhodococcus equi in soil isolates from two horse farms in south africa and nine clinical isolates from six foals, a foal foetus, a dog, and a monkey was investigated. the isolates were tested for the presence of virulence plasmid dna and 15- to 17-kda antigens by immunoblotting. rhodococcus equi was isolated from almost all of the soil samples obtained from the two farms with 5.0 x 10(1) to 3.3 x 10(4) colony forming units per gram of soil. virulent r. equi was isolate ...	2001	11585087
molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of genes encoding a polycyclic aromatic ring dioxygenase from mycobacterium sp. strain pyr-1.	mycobacterium sp. strain pyr-1 degrades high-molecular-weight polycyclic hydrocarbons (pahs) primarily through the introduction of both atoms of molecular oxygen by a dioxygenase. to clone the dioxygenase genes involved in pah degradation, two-dimensional (2d) gel electrophoresis of pah-induced proteins from cultures of mycobacterium sp. strain pyr-1 was used to detect proteins that increased after phenanthrene, dibenzothiophene, and pyrene exposure. comparison of proteins from induced and unind ...	2001	11472934
methane oxidation and the competition for oxygen in the rice rhizosphere.	a mechanistic approach is presented to describe oxidation of the greenhouse gas methane in the rice rhizosphere of flooded paddies by obligate methanotrophic bacteria. in flooded rice paddies these methanotrophs compete for available o(2) with other types of bacteria. soil incubation studies and most-probable-number (mpn) counts of oxygen consumers show that microbial oxygen consumption rates were dominated by heterotrophic and methanotrophic respiration. mpn counts of methanotrophs showed large ...	2001	11472935
characterization of mutations in the rpob gene associated with rifampin resistance in rhodococcus equi isolated from foals.	treatment with a combination of erythromycin and rifampin has considerably improved survival rates of foals and immunocompromised patients suffering from severe pneumonia caused by rhodococcus equi. frequently, because of monotherapy, emergence of rifampin-resistant strains has been responsible for treatment failure. using consensus oligonucleotides, we have amplified and sequenced the rifampin resistance (rif(r))-determining regions of 12 rifampin-resistant r. equi strains isolated from three f ...	2001	11473992
factors affecting mass transfer limited biodegradation in saturated porous media.	microbial degradation rates in the subsurface are not only limited by the physiological capacity of the organisms, but also by inefficient supply of nutrients to the microbes. although mass transfer limitation of biodegradation in the subsurface has been postulated for years, experimental evidence is still scarce. in the column experiments described here, diffusive transport of 4-nitroanisole from the bulk solution to cells of rhodococcus opacus strain as2 immobilized on glass beads or sand appe ...	2001	11475163
role of t cells in granuloma formation induced by rhodococcus aurantiacus is independent of their interferon-gamma production.	intravenous injection of rhodococcus aurantiacus into mice causes granulomatous inflammation dependent on endogenous interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma). this study investigated the mechanism of granuloma formation with an adoptive transfer system in ifn-gamma knockout (ifn-gamma(-/-)) mice. ifn-gamma(-/-) mice infected with r. aurantiacus did not develop granulomas, and high titres of endogenous interleukin-10 (il-10) were detected in spleen extracts at 2 weeks after infection. the adoptive transfer o ...	2001	11478672
new inhibitors of iron-containing nitrile hydratases.	there is growing evidence in the literature emphasizing the significance of the post-translational modification of cysteine thiols to sulfenic acids (soh), which have been found in a number of proteins. crystallographic and mass spectrometric evidence has shown the presence of this group in an inactive form of the industrially important enzyme nitrile hydratase (nhase). this oxidized cysteine is unique in that it forms part of the coordination sphere of the low-spin iron iii at the active site o ...	2001	11481039
novel amidohydrolytic reactions in oxidative pyrimidine metabolism: analysis of the barbiturase reaction and discovery of a novel enzyme, ureidomalonase.	amidohydrolytic reactions in oxidative pyrimidine metabolism were investigated in detail. barbiturase has been reported to catalyze the amidohydrolysis of barbituric acid to urea and malonic acid. however, purification of the enzyme revealed that it catalyzes the ring-opening of barbituric acid to ureidomalonic acid. the existence of a consecutive enzyme named ureidomalonase, which hydrolyzes ureidomalonic acid to urea and malonic acid, was also discovered during the purification of barbiturase.	2001	11485332
in situ polychlorophenol bioremediation potential of the indigenous bacterial community of boreal groundwater.	the composition and chlorophenol-degrading potential of groundwater bacterial community in a permanently cold, oxygen-deficient chlorophenol contaminated aquifer at kärkölä, finland was studied with the aim of evaluating in situ bioremediation potential. the groundwater contained from 10(4) to 10(7) microscopically counted cells/ml and up to 10(5) cfu/ml heterotrophic bacteria cultivable at 8 and 20 degrees c. of the 102 pure cultures, of which 86% gram-negative, from the plume area (10,000 micr ...	2001	11394785
crystal structure of 2-hydroxyl-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid (hpda) hydrolase (bphd enzyme) from the rhodococcus sp. strain rha1 of the pcb degradation pathway.	2-hydroxyl-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid (hpda) hydrolase (the bphd enzyme) hydrolyzes a ring-cleavage product of an aromatic compound generated in a biphenyl/polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) degradation pathway of bacteria. the crystal structure of the bphd enzyme has been determined at 2.4 a resolution by the multiple isomorphous replacement method. the final refined model of the bphd enzyme yields an r-factor of 17.5 % at 2.4 a resolution with reasonable geometry. the bphd enzyme is an oc ...	2001	11399084
[causes of para-allergy to tuberculin].	experiments on 56 rabbits infected with microorganisms of the genera mycobacterium, nocardia and rhodococcus revealed that in response to the action of different antigens used t and b systems of immunity induced synthesis of antibodies reactive with nonspecific antigens (mycobacterial antigens, tuberculin). in some cases the statistically significant correlation between the dynamics of blast transformation and the specific lysis of lymphocytes in animals with nocardia and rhodococcus infections ...	2001	11236505
chronic scalp wound infection due to rhodococcus equi in an immunocompetent patient.	a case of chronic scalp wound infection due to rhodococcus equi in an immunocompetent individual following heavily contaminated traumatic injury was successfully treated by combining antibiotics and surgery. the agents used were erythromycin and rifampicin.	2001	11243757
isolation of virulent rhodococcus equi from native japanese horses.	r. equi was isolated from soil samples obtained from the environment of seven native japanese horse breeds (hokkaido, kiso, noma, misaki, tokara, miyako and yonaguni) and from fecal samples collected from three native horse breeds (hokkaido, kiso and misaki). virulent r. equi at various levels (ranging from 0.5 to 12.9%) was isolated from the feces or soil environment of hokkaido, kiso and misaki horses. isolates were investigated both for the presence of 15- to 17-kda antigens (virulence-associ ...	2001	11247045
the fas locus of the phytopathogen rhodococcus fascians affects mitosis of tobacco by-2 cells.	the effect of rhodococcus fascians, the causal agent of leafy gall disease, on the mitotic behavior of synchronized tobacco bright yellow-2 (by-2) cells was investigated. incubation of aphidicolin-synchronized by-2 cells with r. fascians cells specifically resulted in a broader mitotic index peak, an effect that was linked to an intact and expressed fas virulence locus. the obtained results pointed towards an effect of r. fascians on the prophase of mitosis. the relevance of these results to the ...	2001	11248250
characterization of facultative oligotrophic bacteria from polar seas by analysis of their fatty acids and 16s rdna sequences.	one hundred and seventy three bacterial strains, isolated previously after enrichment under oligotrophic, psychrophylic conditions from arctic (98 strains) and antarctic seawater (75 strains), were characterized by gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of their fatty acid compositions. by numerical analysis, 8 clusters, containing 2 to 59 strains, could be delineated, and 8 strains formed separate branches. five clusters contained strains from both poles, two minor clusters were confined to arctic ...	2001	11403404
enzymes of a new modified ortho-pathway utilizing 2-chlorophenol in rhodococcus opacus 1cp.	chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase (cc 1,2-do), chloromuconate cycloisomerase (cmci), chloromuconolactone isomerase (cmli), and dienolactone hydrolase (delh), the key enzymes of a new modified ortho-pathway in rhodococcus opacus 1cp cells utilizing 2-chlorophenol via a 3-chlorocatechol branch of a modified ortho-pathway, were isolated and characterized. cc 1,2-do showed the maximum activity with 3-chlorocatechol; its activity with catechol and 4-chlorocatechol was 93 and 50%, respectively. the enzym ...	2001	11405892
recovery of rhodococcus biosurfactants using methyl tertiary-butyl ether extraction.	in the present study, we proposed methyl tertiary-butyl ether (mtbe) as a solvent for extraction of biosurfactants from rhodococcus bacterial cultures. after comparison with other well known solvent systems used for biosurfactant extraction, it was found that mtbe was able to extract crude surfactant material with high product recovery (10 g/l), efficiency (critical micelle concentration (cmc), 130-170 mg/l) and good functional surfactant characteristics (surface and interfacial tensions, 29 and ...	2001	11412925
high cell density cultivation of rhodococcus opacus for lipid production at a pilot-plant scale.	the triacylglycerol (tag)-accumulating bacterium rhodococcus opacus strain pd630 was investigated with respect to the fermentative production of tags consisting of an unusually high fraction of fatty acids with an odd-number of carbon atoms and unsaturated monoenic fatty acids from sugar beet molasses and sucrose. fed-batch fermentations were optimized at the 30-1 scale in a stirred tank bioreactor at 30 degrees c using a mineral salts medium, which contained sugar beet molasses and sucrose as s ...	2001	11414319
insights into the genetic diversity of initial dioxygenases from pah-degrading bacteria.	alpha subunit genes of initial polyaromatic hydrocarbon (pah) dioxygenases were used as targets for the pcr detection of pah-degrading strains of the genera pseudomonas, comamonas and rhodococcus which were obtained from activated sludge or soil samples. sequence analysis of pcr products from several pseudomonas strains showed that alpha subunits (nahac allele) of this genus are highly conserved. pcr primers for the specific detection of alpha subunit genes of initial pah dioxygenases from pseud ...	2001	11414329
[respiratory infections during chemotherapy-induced aplasia].	damage to local and systemic host defenses of the lung makes the immunocompromised patient vulnerable to inhaled microorganisms. when a pulmonary infiltrate occurs, the array of possibilities is very large including conventional and opportunistic agents. the type of underlying disease and its associated immunodeficiency allow a high degree of accurate pathogen prediction. neutropenia is associated with gram-negative bacilli pneumonia. prolonged neutropenia increases the risk of invasive aspergil ...	2001	11424709
regioselective biotransformation of the dinitrile compounds 2-, 3- and 4-(cyanomethyl) benzonitrile by the soil bacterium rhodococcus rhodochrous ll100-21.	the cyanomethyl benzonitrile compounds used for this study contain two cyano groups: a -ch(2)cn side chain, plus a cyano group attached to the benzene ring. the ortho, meta and para -ch(2)cn substituted compounds were biotransformed using whole cell suspensions of the bacterium rhodococcus rhodochrous ll100-21. the bacterium had previously been grown on the mono-nitrile compounds propionitrile, benzonitrile or acetonitrile, inducing the formation of nitrile hydrolyzing enzymes.suspensions of r. ...	2001	11427231
an industrial application of multiparameter flow cytometry: assessment of cell physiological state and its application to the study of microbial fermentations.	when using traditional microbiological techniques to monitor cell proliferation and viability, stressed, sublethally injured, or otherwise "viable but nonculturable" cells often go undetected. because of this, such cells often are not considered by mathematical models used to predict bioprocess performance on scale-up and inaccuracies result. therefore, analytical techniques, decoupled from postsampling growth, are desirable to rapidly monitor individual cell physiologic states during microbial ...	2001	11429768
mössbauer and epr studies of the photoactivation of nitrile hydratase.	the alphabeta dimer of active nitrile hydratase from rhodococcus sp. r312 contains one low-spin ferric ion that is coordinated by three cys residues, two n-amide groups from the protein backbone, and one oh(-). the enzyme isolated from bacteria grown in the dark is inactive and contains the iron site as a six-coordinate diamagnetic fe-nitrosyl complex, called nh(dark). the active state can be obtained from the dark state by photolysis of the fe-no bond at room temperature. activation is accompan ...	2001	11434767
[the respiratory activity of rhodococcus rhodochrous m8 cells producing nitrile-hydrolyzing enzymes].	the respiratory activity of rhodococcus rhodochrous m8 cells containing nitrile hydratase and amidase was studied in the presence of nitriles and amides of carbonic acids. culturing of cells with acrylonitrile and acrylamide yielding their maximum respiratory activity was studied. the optimum conditions for measurements and maintenance of respiratory activity were found. curves for the linear concentration dependence of cell respiratory activity on 0.01-0.5 mm acrylonitrile, 0.025-1.0 mm acetoni ...	2001	11443902
induction of vap genes encoded by the virulence plasmid of rhodococcus equi during acid tolerance response.	the response of the intracellular pathogen rhodococcus equi to acid shock, a stress potentially encountered after phagocytosis by macrophages, was analyzed. the wild-type and its avirulent plasmid-cured strain acquired increased acid tolerance during the exponential growth phase upon exposure to sublethal acid stress, a response referred to as the acid tolerance response. maximal adaptation was observed when cells were pretreated for 90 min at ph 5.0 before exposure to the ph challenge. search f ...	2001	11446512
[effect of butyric acid on physiologic activity of carbohydrate-oxidizing rhodococci].	laboratory experiments showed that butyric acid not only fails to meet the trophic requirements of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms, but even specifically inhibits their assimilatory and dissimilatory activity. therefore, butyric acid can be referred to as growth inhibitors. the combined mineralization of carbohydrates and hydrocarbons can be described as follows. plants polymers are converted to monosugars by heterotrophic soil microorganisms. as the concentration of the monosugars grows an ...	2001	11450452