Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| sir arnold theiler and the discovery of anaplasmosis: a centennial perspective. | sir arnold theiler's research in 1908/09 led to the discovery of the first rickettsial pathogen, anaplasma marginale, and set the stage for his development and implementation of an effective live vaccine based on a less virulent strain, a. marginale ss. centrale. his 1910 report, describing a. marginale, is among the classic monographs in infectious disease research, presenting not only observations in exacting detail but also highlighting the deductive reasoning leading to association of a new ... | 2009 | 19967931 |
| ultrastructural and fluorochromatic changes of anaplasma marginale exposed to oxytetracycline, imidocarb and enrofloxacin in short-term erythrocyte cultures. | anaplasma marginale causes mild to severe hemoparasitic disease resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in cattle worldwide. in the absence of universally efficacious vaccines, antimicrobial therapy combined with biocontainment and biosecurity strategies are critical to control anaplasmosis. herein, we compared the effect of oxytetracycline, imidocarb and enrofloxacin on a. marginale isolates in short-term erythrocyte cultures. electron micrographs detailing antimicrobial-induced change ... | 2009 | 19054634 |
| seroprevalence of tick-borne diseases among cattle in the sudan. | this study was carried out to determine the prevalence of theileria annulata, theileria mutans, babesia bigemina, and anaplasma marginale antibodies among cattle in the sudan. a total of 600 serum samples were collected from indigenous (zebu) and crossbred cattle (zebu x friesian) of both sex and different age groups. indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess antibodies against tick-borne diseases in apparently healthy cattle. the overall prevalence rates of t. annulata, t. m ... | 2009 | 19030878 |
| thymidylate kinase: the lost chemotherapeutic target. | here we highlight the unusual substrate specificity of plasmodium falciparum thymidylate kinase (pftmk) and the validity of the enzyme as a new drug target. furthermore, we predict that the anaplasma marginale enzyme has attractive domain constituents and may be functionally different from other tmpks. we postulate that thymidylate kinases could have multiple attractive functions in pathogens and may be a new drug target against numerous microorganisms. | 2009 | 19749371 |
| molecular epidemiology of bovine anaplasmosis with a particular focus in mexico. | bovine anaplasmosis, caused by the rickettsia anaplasma marginale, has a worldwide distribution and is the cause of great economic losses in developing countries where it is highly endemic. transmission is carried mainly by ixodid ticks: dermacentor spp. and rhipicephalus (boophilus) spp. mechanical transmission is important in disseminating the disease within and across herds. the relationship between the rickettsia, the host and the vector is complex. several surface proteins (msps) have been ... | 2009 | 19786123 |
| meta-analysis: appropriate tool for the integration of nursing research? | 2009 | 2798158 | |
| sce induction by ccnu and pregnancy. | 2009 | 2704378 | |
| elevation of factor vii activity and mass in young adults at risk of ischemic heart disease. | the northwick park heart study found that elevation of factor vii in middle-aged subjects was an independent risk factor for subsequent ischemic heart disease. the present study was designed to determine whether factor vii elevation is present at a younger age and whether zymogen or activated factor vii is responsible for this elevation. a group of 20 asymptomatic first degree relatives (mean age 34.9 years) of patients with premature ischemic heart disease were compared with 15 age-matched norm ... | 2009 | 2794283 |
| taking charge: we wanted a smoke-free workplace and we got it. | 2009 | 2772525 | |
| anti-inflammatory drugs from plant and marine sources. | 2009 | 2784931 | |
| morning glory syndrome associated with marked persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous and lens colobomas. | a case of morning glory syndrome with striking persistence of primary vitreous is presented. the hypothesis that the syndrome is an expression of abnormal closure of the embryonic fissure is substantiated by the coexistence of lens colobomas. furthermore, the marked primary vitreous hyperplasia shows the way in which persistence of primary vitreous influences the clinical expression with respect to optic pit and colobomas of the optic nerve. | 2009 | 2765452 |
| clinical experience with ciprofloxacin: analysis of a multicenter study. | in a multicenter study of 36 patients treated with ciprofloxacin (mean daily dosage, 986 mg per day; mean duration of treatment, 10.8 days) for a variety of infections, 32 were microbiologically proven. of these, bacteriologic cure and/or improvement resulted in 100% of cases. for all 36 infections clinical cure and/or improvement resulted in 97.1% of cases. a total of 13 infections were classified as chronic. overall there were six adverse reactions reported in 4/36 (11.1%) patients. five were ... | 2009 | 2681482 |
| neuronal overload in the developing anuran lateral motor column in response to limb removal and thyroid hormone. | the lateral motor column (lmc) in the anuran spinal cord normally undergoes a dramatic reduction in motor neuron number during development. at least two factors influence this process: the limb target which is required for the progression of cell loss, and thyroid hormone, a requisite for metamorphosis. this study has examined the relative and combined effects of limb amputation and exogenous thyroxine, initiated at the onset of normal rapid cell loss in rana pipiens tadpoles, in regulating neur ... | 2009 | 2787336 |
| cytochrome p-450 membrane signals. | 2009 | 2680408 | |
| [current status of hyperthermia for deep-seated tumors]. | the current status of hyperthermia for deep-seated tumor is reviewed. heating methods include external heating, intraluminal heating and interstitial heating, all of which have inherent advantages and disadvantages. hyperthermia alone has significant effects on deep-seated tumors. the combination of hyperthermia and radiotherapy has been widely applied, resulting in 10-15% complete regression and 10-40% partial regression in the treatment of locally advanced tumors. the response rate of thermora ... | 2009 | 2649000 |
| [written information on prescribed drugs provided by pharmacies]. | 2009 | 2815030 | |
| [written information on prescribed drugs provided by pharmacies]. | 2009 | 2815030 | |
| [combined abdominal injuries]. | 2009 | 2811122 | |
| control of cell number in the developing visual system. i. effects of monocular enucleation. | monocular enucleation of hamsters on the day of birth caused an increase in cellular degeneration and a corresponding loss of cells in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus contralateral to the enucleation over the first 12 postnatal days. the superficial layers of the contralateral superior colliculus showed a similar increase in cell degeneration, except rostrally where the remaining ipsilateral projection is found. no changes in degeneration were found in either the ipsi- or contralateral ven ... | 2009 | 3730886 |
| compression arthrodesis of the ankle by triangular external fixation: an improved technique. | in this preliminary report, the authors present a new application of an external tubular fixation system for compression arthrodesis of the ankle. a triangular ankle fusion frame was designed that provides rigid immobilization of the tibiotalar joint, with midfoot control provided by a metatarsal pin. over the past 3 years, the authors have used this device to achieve solid tibiotalar arthrodesis in 12 of 14 patients. the surgical method, including step-by-step construction and application of th ... | 2009 | 2798241 |
| compression arthrodesis of the ankle by triangular external fixation: an improved technique. | in this preliminary report, the authors present a new application of an external tubular fixation system for compression arthrodesis of the ankle. a triangular ankle fusion frame was designed that provides rigid immobilization of the tibiotalar joint, with midfoot control provided by a metatarsal pin. over the past 3 years, the authors have used this device to achieve solid tibiotalar arthrodesis in 12 of 14 patients. the surgical method, including step-by-step construction and application of th ... | 2009 | 2798241 |
| a comparison of coronary risk factors in groups of trained and untrained adolescents. | fifty-five experimental (29 male, 25 female) and 38 control (20 male, 18 female) adolescent subjects participated in this study to investigate the differences in coronary heart disease (chd) risk factors in groups of trained and untrained adolescents. as expected the trained group (both sexes) had higher maximal aerobic power (vo2max) and lower systolic blood pressure at rest. the level of total cholesterol was the same in both groups, but the levels of high-density lipoprotein and its lipoprote ... | 2009 | 2786466 |
| transvestites' women revisited: a nonpatient sample. | data obtained from seven female partners of nonpatient transvestites are presented. none were receiving psychiatric treatment. the group was self-assembled and affiliated with a cross-dressing social organization. the sample was divided into acceptors and rejectors based on the degree of acceptance of their mate's cross-dressing activities. mean relationship duration was 9.9 years. none were traumatized by accidental discovery of their mate's transvestism. childhood loss of parent(s), substance ... | 2009 | 2712686 |
| gastric emptying abnormalities. | 2009 | 3769711 | |
| a stereophotogrammetric method for measurements of ligament structure. | a stereophotogrammetric method is presented to reconstruct the course of a curve in the three-dimensional space. this method is exclusively suitable as a non-destructive tool to determine the surface fiberstructure of ligaments, tendons and other organised collagenous structures. in addition, it is a convenient tool to measure the geometry of articular surfaces and other complicated surface shapes. | 2009 | 2708397 |
| rna editing at a splicing site of nadh dehydrogenase subunit iv gene transcript in wheat mitochondria. | comparison between the sequence of the gene coding for the wheat mitochondrial nadh dehydrogenase subunit iv (nad4) and the cdna sequence obtained by reverse transcription, using total wheat mtrna as template, has shown the presence of a uridine residue, not encoded by the genomic sequence, at the exon2-exon3 junction of the spliced transcript. this u creates a non-encoded cug leucine codon which is essential for maintaining the reading frame, as shown by the conservation of the amino acid seque ... | 2009 | 2687023 |
| major abdominal complications following cardiac transplantation. utah transplantation affiliated hospitals cardiac transplant program. | serious complications involving the alimentary tract are commonly reported following cardiac transplantation, and may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. the aim of this report was to review the incidence, severity, and outcome of abdominal complications in our heart transplant population in whom we used corticosteroid-sparing protocols for immunosuppression. from march 1985 through september 1988, 178 patients underwent 185 cardiac transplants. twenty-six cardiac transplant ... | 2009 | 2667501 |
| [general problems of selection and interpretation of diagnostic methods]. | the author draws attention to general principles which must be respected in the selection and interpretation of diagnostic methods. he discusses the importance of basic characteristics of the diagnostic test (reliability, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, predictive value) and their application in the examination process. he explains the importance of roc analysis in the selection of the optimal diagnostic method. he refers to the criteria which must be taken into account when introducing and ... | 2009 | 2663170 |
| [treatment of ununited fractures and pseudarthrosis of the distal end of the femur complicated by extension contracture of the knee joint]. | 2009 | 2811131 | |
| [europe 1992: big brother is watching you]. | 2009 | 2812101 | |
| [europe 1992: big brother is watching you]. | 2009 | 2812101 | |
| the conditions of collective suicide and the threat of nuclear war. | 2009 | 3768588 | |
| a simple device for controlling suction force in neurosurgical operations. | a simple and inexpensive device for controlling suction force in neurosurgical operations is described. this device is interposed in the suction tubing on the sterile surgical field. this has the advantage of allowing the surgeon to alter the suction force quickly and easily, according to his or her preference. the total cost is minimal, and the device may be assembled with supplies currently available in most operating rooms. | 2009 | 2797406 |
| a simple device for controlling suction force in neurosurgical operations. | a simple and inexpensive device for controlling suction force in neurosurgical operations is described. this device is interposed in the suction tubing on the sterile surgical field. this has the advantage of allowing the surgeon to alter the suction force quickly and easily, according to his or her preference. the total cost is minimal, and the device may be assembled with supplies currently available in most operating rooms. | 2009 | 2797406 |
| cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic responses to upper body exercise. | many studies have suggested that arm exercise, particularly in the supine position or with arms elevated, is more stressful than leg exercise. arm exercise at a given workload is typified by cardiac output and oxygen consumption values slightly higher and heart rate, blood pressure, ventilatory and blood lactic acid responses that are significantly higher than those observed during leg exercise. part of the increased physiological stress during arm exercise may be due to sluggish kinetics of oxi ... | 2009 | 2691823 |
| [influence of the premature rupture of the membranes on the further course of the delivery]. | 2009 | 4465226 | |
| serum beta 2 microglobulin in ankylosing spondylitis. | 2009 | 2681760 | |
| amino acid sequences and disulfide bridges of serine proteinase inhibitors from bitter gourd (momordica charantia linn.) seeds. | three serine proteinase inhibitors, mcti-i, mcti-ii, and mcei-i, were isolated from bitter gourd (momordica charantia linn.) seeds. mcti-i and mcti-ii were inhibitors for trypsin and mcei-i was an elastase inhibitor. their amino acid sequences and the positions of disulfide bridges of mcti-ii were determined to be as follows. (sequence; see text) | 2009 | 2738047 |
| in vitro establishment and propagation of a brazilian strain of anaplasma marginale with appendage in ide8 (ixodes scapularis) cells. | a brazilian isolate of anaplasma marginale with appendage was successfully established and maintained in vitro in a tick cell line (ide8). infection was confirmed by optical and transmission electron microscopy. in addition, primers msp1anf2 and msp1anr2 amplified products from dna extracted from infected ide8 cells. comparisons with partial sequences of the msp1α gene and the complete genome of a. marginale confirmed that the sequences of amplified fragments were from the a. marginale genome. t ... | 2009 | 24031379 |
| characterization of recombinant msp5 anaplasma marginale havana isolate. | anaplasma marginale is the causative agent of bovine anaplasmosis, a disease of worldwide economic importance. major surface proteins (msps) are involved in host-pathogen and tick-pathogen interactions and they have been used as markers for the genetic characterization of a. marginale strains and phylogenetic studies. the major surface protein 5 (msp5) is highly conserved in the genus anaplasma and in all isolates of a. marginale. the aim of the present work was to carry out the cloning, sequenc ... | 2009 | 24031449 |
| comparison of microscopy and pcr-rflp for detection of anaplasma marginale in carrier cattle. | in iran, anaplasmosis is normally diagnosed with traditional giemsa staining method. this is not applicable for identification of the carrier animals. the aim of this study was to compare the detection of anaplasma marginale in two different numbers of microscopic fields (50 and 100) using conventional giemsa staining method compared with the pcr-rflp technique. | 2010 | 22347555 |
| rigid policies can help a plaintiff's case. | 2010 | 2921027 | |
| intracavernous injection of prostaglandin e1 for the treatment of erectile impotence. | we administered intracavernous injections of 20 micrograms. prostaglandin e1 to 135 patients with impotence, and evaluated the effects and side effects. among 135 patients who underwent intracavernous injection of prostaglandin e1 complete erection was observed in 83 (62 per cent), while incomplete erection was noted in 33 (24 per cent). in both groups the erection was sufficient for sexual intercourse. tumescence without rigidity was noted in 12 patients and no response was obtained in 7. poor ... | 2010 | 2913354 |
| quantitation of lactoferrin in odontogenic cyst fluids. | a competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) method was used to measure the concentration of lactoferrin in fluids from 36 odontogenic keratocysts, 15 dentigerous cysts, and 30 radicular/residual cysts. keratocyst fluids contained significantly higher concentrations of lactoferrin than fluids from the other two types of cyst (p less than 0.001); but the range of values obtained within each group was large. although lactoferrin represents a larger proportion of the total protein in ker ... | 2010 | 2921360 |
| changing patterns of infectious diseases. | in the 20 years that have passed since i received my medical degree, some of the most evident, striking, and interesting changes in patterns of diseases have occurred among those due to transmissible agents. among other changes are the recognition of new diseases, new clinical manifestations for old diseases, new ecologic niches for traditional pathogens, and new modes of disease transmission. implicated causes for these changes include alterations in lifestyle such as sexual behaviour, leisure ... | 2010 | 3279773 |
| primary structure and synthesis of a blocked myotropic neuropeptide isolated from the cockroach, leucophaea maderae. | a peptide which stimulates the contractile activity of the cockroach hindgut was isolated from head extracts of the cockroach, leucophaea maderae. the inability of aminopeptidase m to degrade the peptide and the presence of glutamic acid in the hydrolysate suggested n-terminal blocking by pyroglutamic acid. the n-terminal pglu was removed enzymatically and the unblocked fragment was sequenced with an automated gas-phase peptide sequencer. the structure determined (pglu-thr-ser-phe-thr-pro-arg-le ... | 2010 | 2877794 |
| measuring care. evaluation of care: measurement in clinical situations. | 2010 | 3347541 | |
| [beta-adrenergic blockers]. | 2010 | 2876553 | |
| truth, trust, and paternalism. | the emphasis on the necessity for fully informed consent in two new books, doctors' dilemmas by m. phillips and j. dawson and whose body is it? by c. faulder, is found to be "lacking in balance" by brewin. the doctor's discretion in dealing with each patient is considered to be the key to determining priorities between paternalism and communication. rigid rules, brewin argues, may not be in the patient's best interest and thus should not be forced on doctors and nurses by "philosophers or expert ... | 2010 | 2863503 |
| transport of light in tissue in photodynamic therapy. | 2010 | 2964653 | |
| [luxatio humeri erecta. a rare form of inferior shoulder dislocation]. | in patients with erect dislocation of the shoulder, the arm is typically locked in an upright position. this rare variant of subglenoid luxation always causes damage to the ligamentous structures of the joint and sometimes additional complications arise from neurovascular lesions. two recent cases are reported here. the mechanism of injury, therapeutic measures and prognosis are discussed. | 2010 | 2916131 |
| a new method of representing dna sequences which combines ease of visual analysis with machine readability. | a new method of representing dna sequences has been devised which is termed stave projection. compared with other formats for showing the base sequences of dna, this method greatly enhances the ease of visual analysis of the sequences of bases and it is also in a machine readable form. using this method it is possible to identify and annotate all of the functional features found in dna sequences. | 2010 | 3003680 |
| [possibility of the early diagnosis of the suture incompetence of a large intestine anastomosis]. | radionuclide examinations consisting in intraoperative injection of a nonabsorbed radiopharmaceutical preparation into the lumen of adducting portion of the gut were proposed for the detection of incompetence of anastomosis sutures in the early postoperative period. the investigation was performed in 45 patients. complications on the anastomosis were detected in 7 patients: in 5 patients--anastomositis, in 2 patients--incompetence of the anastomosis sutures, the radiopharmaceutical preparation b ... | 2010 | 2836984 |
| therapeutic drug monitoring. | 2010 | 2863512 | |
| [prenatal diagnosis of duchenne muscular dystrophy using dna rflp analysis]. | 2010 | 2907413 | |
| metaphyseal dysostosis schmidt type. | 2010 | 3251840 | |
| characterization of sodium carboxymethylcellulose-gelatin complex coacervation by viscosity, turbidity and coacervate wet weight and volume measurements. | a sodium carboxymethylcellulose (scmc) and gelatin coacervation system has been evaluated and characterized and the effects of ph and colloid mixing ratio on the coacervation process investigated. the colloid mixing ratio at which optimum coacervation occurred varied with the coacervation ph. a viscometric investigation of various isohydric scmc-gelatin mixtures was used to predict optimum conditions for complex coacervation. optimum coacervation occurred at ph 3.5 at a scmc-gelatin weight ratio ... | 2010 | 2900300 |
| the natural history of anaplasma marginale. | the intracellular pathogen anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae), described by sir arnold theiler in 1910, is endemic worldwide in tropical and subtropical areas. infection of cattle with a. marginale causes bovine anaplasmosis, a mild to severe hemolytic disease that results in considerable economic loss to both dairy and beef industries. transmission of a. marginale to cattle occurs biologically by ticks and mechanically by biting flies and by blood-contaminated fomites. both ma ... | 2010 | 19811876 |
| transformation of anaplasma marginale. | the tick-borne pathogen, anaplasma marginale, has a complex life cycle involving ruminants and ixodid ticks. it causes bovine anaplasmosis, a disease with significant economic impact on cattle farming worldwide. the obligate intracellular growth requirement of the bacteria poses a challenging obstacle to their genetic manipulation, a problem shared with other prokaryotes in the genera anaplasma, ehrlichia, and rickettsia. following our successful transformation of the human anaplasmosis agent, a ... | 2010 | 19837516 |
| protection in the absence of exclusion between two brazilian isolates of anaplasma marginale in experimentally infected calves. | this study investigated whether a low pathogenicity isolate of anaplasma marginale with an appendage (ufmg1) could protect calves from infection with a pathogenic a. marginale isolate (ufmg2). two groups of five friesian calves were each inoculated with ufmg1 by intravenous injections of either a. marginale-infected tick cell cultures (group 1) or blood stabilates (group 2); a third (control) group was injected with saline. all animals were inoculated with a blood stabilate containing a high pat ... | 2010 | 19837622 |
| complete genome sequence of anaplasma marginale subsp. centrale. | anaplasma marginale subsp. centrale is a naturally attenuated subtype that has been used as a vaccine for a century. we sequenced the genome of this organism and compared it to those of virulent senso stricto a. marginale strains. the comparison markedly narrows the number of outer membrane protein candidates for development of a safer inactivated vaccine and provides insight into the diversity among strains of senso lato a. marginale. | 2010 | 19854912 |
| a new pcr-rflp method for detection of anaplasma marginale based on 16s rrna. | species of the genus anaplasma (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) are obligate intracellular tick borne pathogens. three species of anaplasma that infect cattle and sheep (a. marginale, a. centrale and a. ovis) are well recognized. of these erythrocytic anaplasma, a. marginale can cause diseases in the livestock with high economical losses. species-specific pcr based on 16s rrna gene is commonly used for detection of anaplasma species but can not differentiate a. marginale, a. centrale and a. ovis ... | 2010 | 20013050 |
| identification of anaplasma centrale major surface protein-2 pseudogenes. | the present study was aimed to identify msp2 pseudogenes and msp2 variants in the vaccine anaplama centrale strain. five msp2 pseudogenes were identified in the a. centrale genome, and multiple msp2 variants that emerged during both acute and persistent infection were detected. the pseudogene copies of msp2 were truncated; they contained a central hypervariable region flanked by short portions of the 5' and 3' conserved regions. alignment of the hypervariable region sequence of the expression si ... | 2010 | 20036077 |
| comparison of iatrogenic transmission of anaplasma marginale in holstein steers via needle and needle-free injection techniques. | to compare iatrogenic transmission of anaplasma marginale during sham vaccination between needle and needle-free injection techniques. | 2010 | 20919904 |
| real time polymerase chain reaction to diagnose anaplasma marginale in cattle and deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus leucogaster) of the brazilian pantanal. | epizootiological study of anaplasma marginale in regions that contain various reservoir hosts, co-existence of rickettsia pathogens, and common vectors is a complicated task. to achieve diagnosis of this rickettsia in cattle and campeiro deer of brazilian pantanal, a comparison was made between a real time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) with intercalating sybr green fluorochrome and primers based on msp5 gene of a. marginale; a conventional pcr (c-pcr); and parasitological examination using ... | 2010 | 20943025 |
| survey on blood-sucking lice (phthiraptera: anoplura) of ruminants and pigs with molecular detection of anaplasma and rickettsia spp. | lice may serve as biological or mechanical vectors for various infectious agents. to investigate louse infestation of ruminants and pigs, and pathogens potentially transmitted by them, anopluran lice (n=1182) were collected in hungary, and evaluated for the presence of anaplasma, rickettsia and haemotropic mycoplasma dna. on cattle the following species were found: linognathus vituli (57%), haematopinus eurysternus (38%) and solenopotes capillatus (5%). l. vituli had a lower mean individual coun ... | 2010 | 20943320 |
| anaplasma marginale infection with persistent high-load bacteremia induces a dysfunctional memory cd4+ t lymphocyte response but sustained high igg titers. | control of blood-borne infections is dependent on antigen-specific effector and memory t cells and high-affinity igg responses. in chronic infections characterized by a high antigen load, it has been shown that antigen-specific t and b cells are vulnerable to downregulation and apoptosis. anaplasma marginale is a persistent infection of cattle characterized by acute and chronic high-load bacteremia. we previously showed that cd4(+) t cells primed by immunization with an a. marginale outer membra ... | 2010 | 20943884 |
| characterization of pathogen-specific expression of host immune response genes in anaplasma and mycobacterium species infected ruminants. | anaplasma and mycobacterium species are among the most prevalent bacterial pathogens in european red deer (cervus elaphus) in south-central spain and are known to modify gene expression in ruminants. in this study, we used microarray hybridization and real-time rt-pcr analyses to characterize global gene expression profiles in red deer in response to anaplasma ovis and a. ovis/mycobacterium bovis/mycobacterium avium sub. paratuberculosis (map) infections, compare the expression of immune respons ... | 2010 | 20952064 |
| an update on bovine anaplasmosis (anaplasma marginale) in canada. | 2010 | 21037882 | |
| seroprevalence of anaplasma marginale in 2 iowa feedlots and its association with morbidity, mortality, production parameters, and carcass traits. | a prospective cohort observational study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of anaplasma marginale in iowa feedlots and its association with morbidity, mortality, and treatment costs. blood samples were taken from 659 calves from 31 consigners at processing and classified as seropositive to a. marginale using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) with a 30% cutoff. health and production parameters were modeled by a. marginale serostatus with mixed model regression ... | 2010 | 21037886 |
| a review of bovine anaplasmosis. | bovine anaplasmosis, caused by anaplasma marginale, is an infectious but non-contagious disease. it is spread through tick bites or by the mechanical transfer of fresh blood from infected to susceptible cattle from biting flies or by blood-contaminated fomites including needles, ear tagging, dehorning and castration equipment. transplacental transmission of a. marginale may contribute to the epidemiology of bovine anaplasmosis in some regions. bovine anaplasmosis occurs in tropical and subtropic ... | 2010 | 21040509 |
| stability and tick transmission phenotype of gfp-transformed anaplasma marginale through a complete in vivo infection cycle. | we tested the stability and tick transmission phenotype of transformed anaplasma marginale through a complete in vivo infection cycle. similar to the wild type, the gfp-transformed a. marginale strain established infection in cattle, a natural reservoir host, and persisted in immune competent animals. the tick infection rates for the transformed a. marginale and the wild type were the same. however, there were significantly lower levels of the transformed a. marginale than of the wild type in th ... | 2010 | 21057014 |
| haemoparasite prevalence and theileria parva strain diversity in cape buffalo (syncerus caffer) in uganda. | cape buffalo (syncerus caffer) are considered to be an important reservoir for various tick-borne haemoparasites of veterinary importance. in this study we have compared the haemoparasite carrier prevalence in buffalo from four geographically isolated national parks in uganda [lake mburo national park (lmnp), queen elizabeth national park (qenp), murchison falls national park (mfnp) and kidepo valley national park (kvnp)]. differences were seen in haemoparasite prevalence in buffalo from the fou ... | 2010 | 21074945 |
| fatal bovine anaplasmosis in a herd with new genotypes of anaplasma marginale, anaplasma ovis and concurrent haemoplasmosis. | haematological and molecular analysis of blood samples was carried out during an outbreak of bovine anaplasmosis in hungary. acute disease was observed in five animals, two of which died. anaplasma-carrier state was diagnosed in 69 (92%) of cattle. further evaluation of 24 blood samples revealed concurrent infections with mycoplasma wenyonii and 'candidatusm. haemobos' in 22 and 21 animals, respectively. in addition, two cows were identified with rickettsaemia. regarding molecular investigation ... | 2010 | 21094505 |
| epidemiological analysis of tick-borne diseases in zambia. | tick-borne diseases are a constraint to livestock production in many developing countries as they cause high morbidity and mortality, which results in decreased production of meat, milk and other livestock by-products. the most important tick-borne diseases of livestock in sub-saharan africa are east coast fever (caused by theileria parva), babesiosis (caused by babesia bigemina and b. bovis), anaplasmosis (caused by anaplasma marginale) and heartwater (caused by ehrlichia ruminantium). despite ... | 2010 | 21106294 |
| analysis of membrane protein genes in a brazilian isolate of anaplasma marginale. | the sequencing of the complete genome of anaplasma marginale has enabled the identification of several genes that encode membrane proteins, thereby increasing the chances of identifying candidate immunogens. little is known regarding the genetic variability of genes that encode membrane proteins in a. marginale isolates. the aim of the present study was to determine the degree of conservation of the predicted amino acid sequences of omp1, omp4, omp5, omp7, omp8, omp10, omp14, omp15, sodb, opag1, ... | 2010 | 21120351 |
| tick-borne blood parasites in nyala (tragelaphus angasii, gray 1849) from kwazulu-natal, south africa. | a total of 97 blood samples of nyala (tragelaphus angasii, gray 1849) from south africa were tested for the presence of tick-borne haemoparasites by means of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and reverse line blot (rlb) hybridization. the majority of blood samples contained several different haemoparasites, often in combination. prevalent haemoparasites were theileria sp. (kudu), t. buffeli, theileria sp. (sable), t. bicornis, ehrlichia sp. omatjenne, anaplasma marginale and a. bovis. this serves ... | 2010 | 21145660 |
| identification of anaplasma marginale outer membrane protein antigens conserved between a. marginale sensu stricto strains and the live a. marginale subsp. centrale vaccine. | live vaccination with anaplasma marginale subsp. centrale (synonym for anaplasma centrale) induces protection against severe disease upon challenge with a. marginale sensu stricto strains. despite over a century of field use, the targets of protective immunity remained unknown. using a broad proteomic approach, we identified the proteins in a challenge sensu stricto strain that were bound by the relevant antibody isotype induced by live vaccination with anaplasma marginale subsp. centrale. a cor ... | 2010 | 21189322 |
| epidemiology of bovine anaplasmosis in dairy herds from costa rica. | bovine anaplasmosis is endemic and occurs in almost all areas of livestock production of costa rica. the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of anaplasmosis in dairy farms of costa rica by the recombinant truncated msp-5 (rmsp-5) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). serum samples were obtained from 733 cattle from 20 commercial dairy herds of costa rica. the overall seroprevalence was 37.2% and herd seroprevalence ranged from 20.0 to 72.0%. the age-specif ... | 2010 | 21236580 |
| seroprevalence of tick-borne diseases in communal cattle reared on sweet and sour rangelands in a semi-arid area of south africa. | a survey was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of tick-borne diseases (tbd) in nguni and non-descript cattle on the sweet and sour communal rangelands across seasons. body condition scores, bodyweights, packed cell volume (pcv) and antibodies to b. bovis, b. bigemina, ehrlichiaruminatium and anaplasma marginale were determined seasonally in 144 cattle raised on communal rangelands from august 2007 to april 2008. approximately 45% of the cattle were seropositive for b. bovis, 46% for b. b ... | 2010 | 19733490 |
| anaplasma marginale type iv secretion system proteins virb2, virb7, virb11, and vird4 are immunogenic components of a protective bacterial membrane vaccine. | anaplasma and related ehrlichia spp. are important tick-borne, gram-negative bacterial pathogens of livestock and humans that cause acute infection and disease and can persist. immunization of cattle with an anaplasma marginale fraction enriched in outer membranes (om) can provide complete protection against disease and persistent infection. serological responses of om vaccinees to the om proteome previously identified over 20 antigenic proteins, including three type iv secretion system (t4ss) p ... | 2010 | 20065028 |
| subolesin expression in response to pathogen infection in ticks. | ticks (acari: ixodidae) are vectors of pathogens worldwide that cause diseases in humans and animals. ticks and pathogens have co-evolved molecular mechanisms that contribute to their mutual development and survival. subolesin was discovered as a tick protective antigen and was subsequently shown to be similar in structure and function to akirins, an evolutionarily conserved group of proteins in insects and vertebrates that controls nf-kb-dependent and independent expression of innate immune res ... | 2010 | 20170494 |
| the immunization-induced antibody response to the anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 and its association with protective immunity. | many vector-borne pathogens evade clearance via rapid variation in their immunogenic surface expressed proteins. this is exemplified by anaplasma marginale, a tick-borne bacterial pathogen that generates major surface protein 2 (msp2) variants to provide for immune escape and allow long-term pathogen persistence. in contrast to persistence following infection, immunization with a surface protein complex, which includes msp2, induces a response that prevents infection upon challenge. we hypothesi ... | 2010 | 20199762 |
| an indirect elisa for detection of theileria sergenti antibodies in water buffalo using a recombinant major piroplasm surface protein. | in this study we investigated the prevalence and enzootic potential of theileria spp. in water buffalo in the hubei province in china. an indirect elisa based on a recombinant major piroplasma surface protein was developed. the complete orf of the 33-kda major piroplasma surface protein (p33) was obtained from theileria sergenti genomic dna by pcr, cloned into the pet-28(a) vector and expressed in e. coli as a his-fusion protein. then the recombinant p33 (rp33) was purified and used as the antig ... | 2010 | 20207484 |
| diagnostic accuracy of methods for detecting anaplasma marginale infection in lactating dairy cattle of puerto rico. | bovine anaplasmosis (ba) is a hemoparasitic disease of great importance in cattle within the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. control programs for ba require accurate diagnostic assays but validation can be challenging because the true disease status of all animals is frequently not known with certainty. the objective of this study was to estimate the accuracy of assays for detection of anaplasma marginale infection in lactating dairy cattle of puerto rico using bayesian methods wi ... | 2010 | 20224076 |
| differential expression of genes in salivary glands of male rhipicephalus (boophilus)microplus in response to infection with anaplasma marginale. | bovine anaplasmosis, caused by the rickettsial tick-borne pathogen anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae), is vectored by rhipicephalus (boophilus)microplus in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. a. marginale undergoes a complex developmental cycle in ticks which results in infection of salivary glands from where the pathogen is transmitted to cattle. in previous studies, we reported modification of gene expression in dermacentor variabilis and cultured ixodes scapu ... | 2010 | 20298599 |
| association of pathogen strain-specific gene transcription and transmission efficiency phenotype of anaplasma marginale. | efficient transmission of pathogens by an arthropod vector is influenced by the ability of the pathogen to replicate and develop infectiousness within the arthropod host. while the basic life cycle of development within and transmission from the arthropod vector are known for many bacterial and protozoan pathogens, the determinants of transmission efficiency are largely unknown and represent a significant gap in our knowledge. the st. maries strain of anaplasma marginale is a high-transmission-e ... | 2010 | 20308303 |
| the efficacy of three chlortetracycline regimens in the treatment of persistent anaplasma marginale infection. | chemosterilization is reported in cattle fed chlortetracycline hydrochloride (ctc) at dosages ranging from 1.1mg/kg for 120 days to 11 mg/kg for 30-60 days. the relationship between plasma ctc drug concentration and carrier clearance has not been described. chronic carrier status was established in 21 steers with a virginia isolate of anaplasma marginale and confirmed by celisa and an a. marginale-specific rt-pcr. four negative, splenectomized steers served as active disease transmission sentine ... | 2010 | 20346598 |
| characterization of anaplasma phagocytophilum and a. ovis infection in a naturally infected sheep flock with poor health condition. | anaplasma species are transmitted by ticks and cause diseases in humans and animals. these pathogens infect sheep, an economically important domestic animal worldwide. the current study was designed to characterize in 200 animals the infection with anaplasma phagocytophilum and anaplasma ovis and the genetic diversity of a. ovis strains collected from a naturally infected sheep flock with poor health condition. sheep had 98% seroprevalence to anaplasma spp. antibodies. pcr results confirmed the ... | 2010 | 20405320 |
| estimating seroprevalence and variation to four tick-borne infections and determination of associated risk factors in cattle under traditional mixed farming system in mbeere district, kenya. | a cross-sectional study of serum antibody responses of cattle to tick-borne disease (tbd) parasites (theileria parva, theileria mutans, anaplasma marginale and babesia bigemina) was conducted on traditional smallholder mixed farms in mbeere district in kenya. the objective was to estimate the infections' seroprevalence and variation and identify associated risk factors. a total of 440 cattle in 80 farms, selected by stratified random sampling from the four divisions in the district, were surveye ... | 2010 | 20434227 |
| identification of anaplasma marginale proteins specifically upregulated during colonization of the tick vector. | the transition between infection of the mammalian host and colonization of an arthropod vector is required for the ongoing transmission of a broad array of pathogens, from viruses to protozoa. understanding how this transition is mediated provides opportunities to disrupt transmission through either chemotherapy or immunization. we used an unbiased proteomic screen to identify anaplasma marginale proteins specifically upregulated in the tick compared to the mammalian host. comparative mass spect ... | 2010 | 20439479 |
| detection of anaplasma marginale and a. phagocytophilum in bovine peripheral blood samples by duplex real-time reverse transcriptase pcr assay. | insufficient diagnostic sensitivity and specificity coupled with the potential for cross-reactivity among closely related anaplasma species has made the accurate determination of infection status problematic. a method for the development of simplex and duplex real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase pcr (qrt-pcr) assays for the detection of a. marginale and a. phagocytophilum 16s rrna in plasma-free bovine peripheral blood samples is described. the duplex assay was able to detect as few as 1 ... | 2010 | 20463162 |
| a comparison of six primer sets for detection of trypanosoma evansi by polymerase chain reaction in rodents and thai livestock. | to face the worldwide threat of surra caused by trypanosoma evansi, international organizations have stressed the need to evaluate and standardize diagnostic tools. pcr detection of t. evansi has known a great expansion during the last 20 years, but primer sets are often insufficiently assessed and compared. in this work, we compared the performances of six primer pairs-tbr1/2 (masiga et al., 1992), esag6/7 (holland et al., 2001a, b), tepan1/2 (panyim et al., 1993), pmutec f/r (wuyts et al., 199 ... | 2010 | 20466489 |
| a novel ehrlichia genotype detected in naturally infected cattle in north america. | during a research investigation to determine if cattle from british columbia (bc), canada were infected with anaplasma marginale or other related rickettsial blood parasites, a novel ehrlichia genotype was revealed. blood from seven bc source cattle was bioassayed by intravenous inoculation into naïve splenectomised calves. additional splenectomised calves were used as uninoculated negative control or a. marginale-inoculated positive control. newly designed sets of primers specific for the msp5 ... | 2010 | 20663613 |
| development and laboratory evaluation of a lateral flow device (lfd) for the serodiagnosis of theileria annulata infection. | several dna-based and serological tests have been established for the detection of theileria annulata infection, including polymerase chain reaction, reverse line blot and loop-mediated isothermal amplification, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and competitive elisa. in this study, we have applied knowledge from the development and application of a recombinant protein-based indirect elisa and competitive elisa to establish a rapid test for point-of-care diagnosis of t. annulat ... | 2010 | 20680339 |
| detecting and differentiating theileria sergenti and theileria sinensis in cattle and yaks by pcr based on major piroplasm surface protein (mpsp). | theileria sergenti and theileria sinensis are closely related members of benign theileria species found in cattle and yaks in china. they are morphologically indistinguishable. a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting major piroplasm surface protein of t. sergenti and t. sinensis was developed in this study. the newly developed oligonucleotide primer set was able to specifically amplify the dna of t. sinensis and in conjunction with primers for t. sergenti and these two species could be detec ... | 2010 | 20685208 |
| pyrosequencing and characterization of immune response genes from the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis (l.). | ticks continue to be a threat to animal and human health, and new and novel control strategies are needed for ticks and tick-borne pathogens. the characterization of the tick-pathogen interface and the tick immune response to microbial infections is fundamental toward the formulation of new control strategies for ticks and the pathogens they transmit. our overall hypothesis for this research is that the tick immune system manages the maintenance of pathogens. therefore, discovery of tick immune ... | 2010 | 20698900 |
| prophylactic injection sclerotherapy for esophageal varices: a critical appraisal. | 2010 | 3044915 | |
| regulation of galactokinase gene expression in tetrahymena thermophila. ii. identification of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine as a primary effector of adrenergic control of galactokinase expression. | intracellular concentrations of catecholamines were determined in wild-type and mutant tetrahymena thermophila, using the highly sensitive techniques of high-performance liquid chromatography and electro-chemical detection. catecholamines were determined in these cell strains grown under various steady-state conditions, including those which initiate and maintain repression of galactokinase gene expression. wild-type cells grown in defined minimal medium supplemented with 1% glycerol, exhibiting ... | 2010 | 2991271 |
| origin of leukemic relapse after bone marrow transplantation detected by restriction fragment length polymorphism. | bone marrow transplantation has become an accepted modality in the treatment of acute leukemia. with this therapy, it is possible to obtain long-term disease-free survival. however, leukemia recurs occasionally. in most cases, leukemic relapse is of recipient origin. there have been several reports, though, of leukemia developing in donor cells. these cases have been limited to instances in which there is an easily identifiable chromosome difference or abnormality, usually a sex chromosome. in t ... | 2010 | 2981254 |