Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| co-detection of bartonella henselae, borrelia burgdorferi, and anaplasma phagocytophilum in ixodes pacificus ticks from california, usa. | presence of bartonella dna was explored in 168 questing adult ixodes pacificus ticks from santa cruz county, california. bartonella henselae type i dna was amplified from 11 ticks (6.55%); previously, two (1.19%) were found to be infected with borrelia burgdorferi and five (2.98%) with anaplasma phagocytophilum. detection of b. henselae was not dependent on co-infection. the present study offers additional evidence that ixodes spp. ticks may act as hosts and possibly vectors for b. henselae. | 2006 | 16584332 |
| rickettsial agents from parasitic dermanyssoidea (acari: mesostigmata). | mites are often overlooked as vectors of pathogens, but have been shown to harbor and transmit rickettsial agents such as rickettsia akari and orientia tsutsugamushi. we screened dna extracts from 27 mites representing 25 species of dermanyssoids for rickettsial agents such as anaplasma, bartonella, rickettsia, and wolbachia by pcr amplification and sequencing. dna from anaplasma spp., a novel bartonella sp., spiroplasma sp., wolbachia sp., and an unclassified rickettsiales were detected in mite ... | 2006 | 16596351 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and anaplasmataceae members in ixodes ricinus ticks in alsace, a focus of lyme borreliosis endemicity in france. | due to the high lyme borreliosis incidence in alsace, in northeastern france, we investigated in 2003-2004 three cantons in this region in order to determine the density of ixodes ricinus ticks infected by borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and anaplasmataceae. the peak density of nymphs infected by b. burgdorferi sensu lato at munster and guebwiller, where the disease incidence was high, was among the highest reported in europe (105 and 114 per 100 m(2), respectively). in contrast, the peak densit ... | 2006 | 16598024 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected neutrophils enhance transmigration of borrelia burgdorferi across the human blood brain barrier in vitro. | the manifestations of lyme disease, caused by ixodes spp. tick-transmitted borrelia burgdorferi, range from skin infection to bloodstream invasion into the heart, joints and nervous system. the febrile infection human granulocytic anaplasmosis is caused by a neutrophilic rickettsia called anaplasma phagocytophilum, also transmitted by ixodes ticks. previous studies suggest that co-infection with a. phagocytophilum contributes to increased spirochetal loads and severity of lyme disease. however, ... | 2006 | 16600247 |
| detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum and babesia odocoilei dna in ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) collected in indiana. | the blacklegged tick, ixodes scapularis say, first reported in indiana in 1987, has now been detected in more than half of indiana's counties. the first case of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (human anaplasmosis) in indiana was reported in 2002. we now report the detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum and babesia odocoilei (emerson and wright 1968) in i. scapularis ticks collected in northern indiana. using polymerase chain reaction analysis, 41 of 193 adult ticks (21.2%) collected from deer we ... | 2006 | 16619631 |
| comparative genomics of emerging human ehrlichiosis agents. | anaplasma (formerly ehrlichia) phagocytophilum, ehrlichia chaffeensis, and neorickettsia (formerly ehrlichia) sennetsu are intracellular vector-borne pathogens that cause human ehrlichiosis, an emerging infectious disease. we present the complete genome sequences of these organisms along with comparisons to other organisms in the rickettsiales order. ehrlichia spp. and anaplasma spp. display a unique large expansion of immunodominant outer membrane proteins facilitating antigenic variation. all ... | 2006 | 16482227 |
| prevalence of selected infectious disease agents in cats from arizona. | the objective of this study was to use polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays to determine the prevalence of ehrlichia species, anaplasma phagocytophilum, mycoplasma haemofelis, 'candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum' and bartonella species from feral and relinquished cats in phoenix and nogales, arizona. dna from one or more of the organisms was amplified from 31 of 112 blood samples (27.7%). dna consistent with bartonella clarridgeiae 15 (13.4%), bartonella henselae 14 (12.5%), 'candidatus m haem ... | 2006 | 16443383 |
| genomic and proteomic approaches to vaccine candidate identification for anaplasma marginale. | outer membrane protein preparations have been demonstrated to elicit protective immunity for anaplasma marginale. attempts to recreate this protective immunity using known surface proteins have been unsuccessful; therefore, novel outer membrane proteins have been searched for using a proteomic/genomic approach. annotation of the whole genome sequence identified 62 outer membrane protein candidates based on sequence similarity to known surface proteins. in a proteomics approach for the identifica ... | 2006 | 16451111 |
| novel genetic variants of anaplasma phagocytophilum, anaplasma bovis, anaplasma centrale, and a novel ehrlichia sp. in wild deer and ticks on two major islands in japan. | wild deer are one of the important natural reservoir hosts of several species of ehrlichia and anaplasma that cause human ehrlichiosis or anaplasmosis in the united states and europe. the primary aim of the present study was to determine whether and what species of ehrlichia and anaplasma naturally infect deer in japan. blood samples obtained from wild deer on two major japanese islands, hokkaido and honshu, were tested for the presence of ehrlichia and anaplasma by pcr assays and sequencing of ... | 2006 | 16461655 |
| differential expression of virb9 and virb6 during the life cycle of anaplasma phagocytophilum in human leucocytes is associated with differential binding and avoidance of lysosome pathway. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is the aetiologic agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga). a. phagocytophilum virb/d operons encoding type iv secretion system are expressed in cell culture and in the blood of hga patients. in the present study, their expression across the a. phagocytophilum intracellular developmental cycle was investigated. we found that mrna levels of both virb9 and virb6 were upregulated during infection of human neutrophils in vitro. th ... | 2006 | 16469062 |
| a serological study of exposure to arthropod-borne pathogens in dogs from northeastern spain. | there is limited information regarding the prevalence of many vector borne pathogens in europe and especially in spanish dogs. we investigated 206 sick and 260 clinically healthy dogs from three different regions in northeastern spain for antibodies to rickettsia conorii (rc), ehrlichia canis (ec), anaplasma phagocytophilum (ap), bartonella henselae (bh), bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii (bvb), leishmania infantum (li) and borrelia burgdorferi (bb) and for antigen of dirofilaria immitis (di ... | 2006 | 16472522 |
| broad-range pcr-ttge for the first-line detection of bacterial pathogen dna in ticks. | ticks are known or suspected vectors for a wide range of bacterial pathogens. one of the first steps for tick-borne risk assessment is the detection of these pathogens in their vectors. in the present study, a broad-range pcr amplification of the eubacterial gene encoding the 16s rrna gene combined with temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (ttge) was evaluated as a method allowing the one-step detection of bacterial pathogen dna in ticks. firstly, dna extracts from bacteria known to ... | 2006 | 16472523 |
| two monoclonal antibodies with defined epitopes of p44 major surface proteins neutralize anaplasma phagocytophilum by distinct mechanisms. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligatory intracellular bacterium that causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis. the polymorphic 44-kda major outer membrane proteins of a. phagocytophilum are dominant antigens recognized by patients and infected animals. however, the ability of anti-p44 antibody to neutralize the infection has been unclear due to a mixture of p44 proteins with diverse hypervariable region amino acid sequences expressed by a given bacterial population and lack of epitope-defined a ... | 2006 | 16495562 |
| pcr detection of granulocytic anaplasma and babesia in ixodes ricinus ticks and birds in west-central poland. | the aim of the study was to establish the role of forest birds as reservoirs of anaplasma phagocytophilum and babesia spp. in wielkopolski national park. a total of 108 birds from 9 species were collected between may-september 2002. blood samples were taken from 84 specimens and 442 individuals of the common tick, ixodes ricinus, were collected from the birds. the 73 additional ticks were collected from vegetation. pcr amplification of a fragment of the epank 1 gene and 18s rrna gene was used fo ... | 2006 | 16841867 |
| high prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in ticks removed from human skin in north-eastern poland. | in order to examine the risk of anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in humans, 76 ixodes ricinus ticks and 3 dermacentor reticulatus removed from humans were examined for the presence of anaplasma phagocytophilum by pcr targeting the16s rrna gene. the average infection rate was 23.7% (18/76) in ixodes ricinus ticks. a very high infection rate reaching 36.8% (14/38) was detected in female ixodes ricinus, followed by males--16.6% and nymphs--10.5%. no infection was noted in larvae. all dermacentor ... | 2006 | 16841871 |
| detection of ehrlichia chaffeensis in brazilian marsh deer (blastocerus dichotomus). | ehrlichia chaffeensis was detected for the first time in blood samples from brazilian marsh deers (blastocerus dichotomus) captured in the marshes of parana river in southeast brazil in 1998. seven edta-blood samples from deers were analyzed by pcr and nested pcr for presence of ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehrlichia ewingii, ehrlichia canis, neoriickettsia risticii, anaplasma phagocytophilum and anaplasma marginale. three samples showed positive reactions for e. chaffeensis and anaplasma marginale. n ... | 2006 | 16621285 |
| molecular analysis of microbial communities identified in different developmental stages of ixodes scapularis ticks from westchester and dutchess counties, new york. | ixodes scapularis ticks play an important role in the transmission of a wide variety of pathogens between various mammalian species, including humans. pathogens transmitted by ticks include borrelia, anaplasma and babesia. although ticks may harbour both pathogenic and non-pathogenic microflora, little is known about how the diversity of the microflora within ticks may influence the transmission of pathogens. to begin addressing this question, we examined the composition of bacterial communities ... | 2006 | 16623735 |
| seroprevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum among healthy dogs and horses in israel. | the presence of reacting antibodies to anaplasma phagocytophilum has previously been demonstrated in israel, both in humans and the golden jackal (canis aureus syriacus). this study was undertaken to determine the seroprevalence of a. phagocytophilum antibodies in two additional potential hosts, domestic dogs and horses in order to investigate the possibility of exposure to the organism in israel. of 195 dogs tested, 9% were seroreactive with a. phagocytophilum antigen and 30% were seroreactive ... | 2006 | 16626404 |
| genetic characterization of anaplasma (ehrlichia) platys in dogs in spain. | this paper reports the first genetic characterization of anaplasma (ehrlichia) platys in spain from a naturally infected dog. the dog presented clinical signs compatible with canine ehrlichiosis. after dna extraction and pcr amplification, 16s rrna gene and citrate synthase gene ( glta) of this agent were amplified. the genbank accession number for the nucleotide sequence of the 16s rrna gene of this strain is ay530806. the a. platys strains registered in france and japan showed the highest simi ... | 2006 | 16629989 |
| sequencing a new target genome: the boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) genome project. | the southern cattle tick, boophilus microplus (canestrini), causes annual economic losses in the hundreds of millions of dollars to cattle producers throughout the world, and ranks as the most economically important tick from a global perspective. control failures attributable to the development of pesticide resistance have become commonplace, and novel control technologies are needed. the availability of the genome sequence will facilitate the development of these new technologies, and we are p ... | 2006 | 16506442 |
| distribution, seasonality, and hosts of the rocky mountain wood tick in the united states. | anaplasma marginale theiler is a tick-borne pathogen that causes anaplasmosis in cattle. there are approximately 20 tick species worldwide that are implicated as vectors of this pathogen. in the united states, dermacentor andersoni stiles and dermacentor variabilis (say) are the principal vectors. the risk of transmission of anaplasmosis to cattle has been largely based on the distribution of d. andersoni in the united states. we developed a centralized geographic database that incorporates coll ... | 2006 | 16506443 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. and anaplasma phagocytophilum in the wood tick ixodes ricinus in the province of trento, italy. | 2006 | 17033789 | |
| natural anaplasma phagocytophilum infection of ticks and rodents from a forest area of jilin province, china. | polymerase chain reaction integrated with sequence analysis was carried out to investigate the natural anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in ticks and rodents from a forest area of jilin province, china. four (4.0%) of 100 ixodes persulcatus and 2 (0.7%) of 286 dermacentor silvarum ticks collected by flagging vegetation were positive. nine (8.8%) of 102 rodents were infected, as well as 2 (2.8%) of 71 i. persulcatus parasitizing on 25 rodents. the nucleotide sequences of 1442-bp a. phagocytophi ... | 2006 | 17038691 |
| disruption of the salivary protein 14 in ixodes scapularis nymphs and impact on pathogen acquisition. | we previously examined the physiological role of the anticoagulant salivary protein 14 (salp14) in adult ixodes scapularis and showed that salp14 played a role in tick feeding and engorgement. we now analyze whether the disruption of the salp14 family expression by rna interference affects tick weight in naïve nymph i. scapularis. salp14 expression after dsrna injection was significantly reduced, as shown by mrna and protein analysis. however, nymph engorgement weight was not altered in salp9pac ... | 2006 | 17038693 |
| efficacy of enrofloxacin against severe experimental anaplasma marginale infections in splenectomized calves. | four anaplasma marginale-infected splenectomized calves with greater than 25% parasitized erythrocytes received enrofloxacin at 12.5 mg/kg sc twice, 48 hours apart. two infected splenectomized calves were designated as untreated controls. a precipitous decline in percent parasitized erythrocytes from 39.13% to less than 1% was observed over 12 days following treatment. however, a self-limiting recrudescence of a. marginale parasites was observed within 30 days after treatment. untreated control ... | 2006 | 17039454 |
| prevalence of dna of mycoplasma haemofelis, 'candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum,' anaplasma phagocytophilum, and species of bartonella, neorickettsia, and ehrlichia in cats used as blood donors in the united states. | to identify the prevalence of dna of mycoplasma haemofelis; 'candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum'; anaplasma phagocytophilum; and species of bartonella, neorickettsia, and ehrlichia in blood of cats used as blood donors in the united states. | 2006 | 16948578 |
| tick-borne rickettsial pathogens in ticks and small mammals in korea. | in order to investigate the prevalence of tick-borne infectious agents among ticks, ticks comprising five species from two genera (hemaphysalis spp. and ixodes spp.) were screened using molecular techniques. ticks (3,135) were collected from small wild-caught mammals or by dragging/flagging in the republic of korea (rok) and were pooled into a total of 1,638 samples (1 to 27 ticks per pool). from the 1,638 tick samples, species-specific fragments of anaplasma phagocytophilum (1 sample), anaplasm ... | 2006 | 16957192 |
| detection of anaplasma platys and babesia canis vogeli and their impact on platelet numbers in free-roaming dogs associated with remote aboriginal communities in australia. | to detect anaplasma platys and babesia canis vogeli infection, using polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assays, in free-roaming dogs associated with eight aboriginal communities in remote areas of australia and to determine the impact of infection through the assessment of platelet numbers. | 2006 | 16958629 |
| structure of the expression site reveals global diversity in msp2 (p44) variants in anaplasma phagocytophilum. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, a recently reclassified bacteria in the order rickettsiales, infects many different animal species and causes an emerging tick-borne disease of humans. the genome contains a large number of related genes and gene fragments encoding partial or apparently full-length outer membrane protein msp2 (p44). previous data using strains isolated from humans in the united states suggest that antigenic diversity results from recf-mediated conversion of a single msp2 (p44) expressi ... | 2006 | 16966408 |
| [first report of anaplasma bovis (donatien and lestoquard, 1936) dumler et al. (2001) at micro region of campos dos goytacazes, state of rio de janeiro, brazil]. | the first report of anaplasma bovis was pointed out at the micro region of campos dos goytacazes, state of rio de janeiro, brazil. blood smears were done from peripherical blood vessels from 151 calves. five calves (3.31%) were positive for a. bovis. symptoms were characterized by debility, fever, pale mucous membranes, and enlargement of prescapular lymph nodes. | 2006 | 16978478 |
| use of serum c-reactive protein as an early marker of inflammatory activity in canine type ii immune-mediated polyarthritis: case report. | monitoring systemic inflammatory activity during steroid therapy of canine immune-mediated polyarthritis (impa) is difficult and mainly relies on clinical signs. | 2006 | 16987405 |
| the root-vole microtus oeconomus (pallas, 1776): a new potential reservoir of anaplasma phagocytophilum. | anaplasma phagocytophilum infection is a recently emerged tick-borne zoonosis. the bacterium's reservoirs likely comprise cervids, some ruminants, rodents, and perhaps other small and intermediate-size mammals; the main vector in europe is the ixodes ricinus tick. the białowieza primeval forest is an ecosystem with a known prevalence of tick-borne pathogens. we studied the root-vole microtus oeconomus to evaluate the natural infection of a. phagocytophilum. intragranulocytic bacterial clusters ( ... | 2006 | 16989562 |
| serologic evidence for rickettsia typhi and an ehrlichial agent in norway rats from baltimore, maryland, usa. | we screened serum from 90 norway rats trapped in east baltimore, maryland, usa, from april to november 2005 for antibodies against rickettsia typhi and ehrlichia chaffeensis. six rats had positive titers of > or = 1:64 against r. typhi and did not react with r. akari. in addition, four rats had cross-reactive antibodies with titers of > or = 1:64 against ehrlichia chaffeensis. sera from these rats also cross-reacted with anaplasma phagocytophilum or ehrlichia muris. our data indicate that the ag ... | 2006 | 16989563 |
| serosurveillance for anaplasma phagocytophilum antibodies in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in iowa, usa. | cases of human granulocytic anaplasmosis have increased in number and are being identified in new geographic areas since its discovery in 1994. white-tailed deer (wtd) become infected with the causative agent, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and serve as natural sentinels for this organism. in order to determine if a. phagocytophilum is present in the state of iowa, sera collected from 628 wtd in 2004 from 13 sites and from 282 wtd in 1999 from a single, common site were tested by enzyme-linked immun ... | 2006 | 16989567 |
| rickettsial agents in egyptian ticks collected from domestic animals. | to assess the presence of rickettsial pathogens in ticks from egypt, we collected ticks from domestic and peridomestic animals between june 2002 and july 2003. dna extracts from 1019 ticks were tested, using pcr and sequencing, for anaplasma spp., bartonella spp., coxiella burnetii, ehrlichia spp., and rickettsia spp. ticks included: 29 argas persicus, 10 hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, 55 hyalomma anatolicum excavatum, 174 hyalomma dromedarii, 2 hyalomma impeltatum, 3 hyalomma marginatum rufipe ... | 2006 | 17004028 |
| comparative gene expression by wc1+ gammadelta and cd4+ alphabeta t lymphocytes, which respond to anaplasma marginale, demonstrates higher expression of chemokines and other myeloid cell-associated genes by wc1+ gammadelta t cells. | the functions of gammadelta t cells are enigmatic, and these cells are often considered as evolutionary remnants of well-characterized alphabeta t cells. however, their conservation throughout evolution suggests that gammadelta t cells are biologically unique. in ruminants, gammadelta t cells expressing the workshop cluster 1 (wc1) scavenger receptor comprise a large proportion of circulating lymphocytes, suggesting these cells are biologically relevant and functionally different from alphabeta ... | 2006 | 17005908 |
| [seroprevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in dogs in germany]. | to determine the prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum in dogs in germany serum samples from 1124 dogs that were under suspicion of having anaplasmosis were examined. the samples were tested by an indirect immunofluorescence test (oft) for antibodies to a. phagocytophilum. the geographical origin of positive cases were analysed with an geographic information system. antibodies to a. phagocytophilum were found in 563 (50.1%) of the tested dogs. 166 dogs came from saarland, 161 from north rhine- ... | 2006 | 17009720 |
| a canadian bison isolate of anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) is not transmissible by dermacentor andersoni (acari: ixodidae), whereas ticks from two canadian d. andersoni populations are competent vectors of a u.s. strain. | anaplasma marginale theiler is a tick-borne rickettsial pathogen of cattle with a global distribution in both temperate and tropical regions. the pathogen is endemic in regions within the united states, whereas the canadian cattle population is considered to be free ofa. marginale. farmed bison, bison bison l., in central saskatchewan have been found to be infected with a. marginale; however, there is no evidence of transmission from bison to cattle. we tested a saskatchewan bison isolate of a. ... | 2006 | 17017236 |
| longitudinal analysis of tick densities and borrelia, anaplasma, and ehrlichia infections of ixodes ricinus ticks in different habitat areas in the netherlands. | from 2000 to 2004, ticks were collected by dragging a blanket in four habitat areas in the netherlands: dunes, heather, forest, and a city park. tick densities were calculated, and infection with borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma and ehrlichia species was investigated by reverse line blot analysis. the lowest tick density was observed in the heather area (1 to 8/100 m2). in the oak forest and city park, the tick densities ranged from 26 to 45/100 m2. the highest tick density was found in the du ... | 2006 | 17028227 |
| insights into mechanisms of bacterial antigenic variation derived from the complete genome sequence of anaplasma marginale. | persistence of anaplasma spp. in the animal reservoir host is required for efficient tick-borne transmission of these pathogens to animals and humans. using a. marginale infection of its natural reservoir host as a model, persistent infection has been shown to reflect sequential cycles in which antigenic variants emerge, replicate, and are controlled by the immune system. variation in the immunodominant outer-membrane protein msp2 is generated by a process of gene conversion, in which unique hyp ... | 2006 | 17114676 |
| seroprevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum among forestry rangers in northern and northeastern poland. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of a. phagocytophilum in a group of workers from 13 forest management areas of northern and northeastern poland. a total of 478 sera were tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa). elevated igg antibody titers were detected in 46 samples (9.6%). of these, 34 (73.9%) had a titer of 1:64, 7 (15.2%) 1:128, and 5 (10.9%) 1:256. all seropositive persons disclaimed any clinical symptoms of hga. the antibodies prevalent in persons with ex ... | 2006 | 17114684 |
| seroprevalence of human anaplasmosis in slovene forestry workers. | the aim of the present study was to establish the prevalence and incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic infection with anaplasma phagocytophilum during the period of tick activity and to compare the risk of infection for forestry workers and indoor workers in slovenia. | 2006 | 17114685 |
| molecular epidemiology of human and bovine anaplasmosis in southern europe. | the genus anaplasma (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) includes several pathogens such as a. marginale and a. phagocytophilum that have an impact on veterinary and human health. in this study, we characterized a. marginale and a. phagocytophilum infections in humans, wild and domestic animals, and ticks in southern europe (particularly in south-central spain and in sicily) by means of serologic study, pcr, and sequence analysis of major surface proteins (msp) 1alpha and 4 and 16s rdna. the results ... | 2006 | 17114686 |
| human exposure to anaplasma phagocytophilum in portugal. | a retrospective study to detect anaplasma phagocytophilum antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence (ifa) and western blot (wb) assay was conducted in 367 potentially exposed patients from portugal. the study included 26 patients with confirmed lyme borreliosis (lb), 77 with suspected lb, 264 seronegative patients studied for possible tick-transmitted lb and boutonneuse fever (lb/bf) infection, and 96 healthy blood donors. overall, patients with lb and suspected lb (n = 2 [7.7%] and n = 6 [7.8%] ... | 2006 | 17114687 |
| ticks and tick-borne rickettsiae surveillance in montesinho natural park, portugal. | this study constitutes the first contribution to the knowledge of tick dynamics and its implication in the epidemiology of rickettsial diseases in montesinho natural park (mnp), bragança district of portugal. of 76 ticks collected, 12 (15.8%) were dermacentor (d.) marginatus, 36 (47.4%) d. reticulatus, and 28 (36.8%) rhipicephalus (r.) sanguineus. isolation assays were performed by shell-vial technique on 41 ticks. israeli spotted fever strain was an isolate from r. sanguineus, and three isolate ... | 2006 | 17114695 |
| clinical diagnosis and treatment of human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis. | tick-borne rickettsiae in the genera ehrlichia and anaplasma are intracellular bacteria that infect wild and domestic mammals and, more recently, man. the increased desire of humans for recreational activities outdoors has increased the exposure to potential human pathogens that previously cycled almost exclusively within natural, nonhuman enzootic hosts. anaplasma phagocytophilum causes an acute, nonspecific febrile illness of humans previously known as human granulocytotropic ehrlichiosis (hge ... | 2006 | 17114714 |
| prevalence of bacterial agents in ixodes persulcatus ticks from the vologda province of russia. | the prevalence of rickettsiae, ehrlichiae, and the rickettsia-like endosymbiont called montezuma relative to that of borrelia was determined in questing ixodes persulcatus (i. persulcatus) ticks collected in 2002-2003 from vologda province, russia. ehrlichia muris, anaplasma phagocytophilum, montezuma, and new spotted fever group rickettsiae were detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the first time in this area. the rickettsiae were all candidatus rickettsia tarasevichiae, the furthest ... | 2006 | 17114724 |
| ecology and molecular epidemiology of tick-borne rickettsioses and anaplasmoses with natural foci in russia and kazakhstan. | during our more than 20 years of monitoring, we have used epidemiological, field, and experimental methods for characterization of natural foci of tick-borne rickettsioses in russia. the main results were obtained through genetic methods (pcr sequence) at the université de la mediterranée (marseille, france). we describe considerable heterogeneity of tick-borne alpha(1)-proteobacteria: 16 microorganisms the of the order rickettsiales were detected in russia and kazakhstan. r. sibirica-caused nor ... | 2006 | 17114725 |
| highly variable year-to-year prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum in ixodes ricinus ticks in northeastern poland: a 4-year follow-up. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is transmitted mainly by ixodes ricinus ticks in europe. we followed-up a. phagocytophilum infection rate in i. ricinus in three selected collection sites in northeastern poland during a four-year period. overall infection rate was 14.1% (208/1474) with highest infection rate among females (36.8% verses males 8.2% and nymphs 0.9%). we noted a very big year-to-year variation of infection prevalence in each collection cite every year reflecting changeable granulocytic ana ... | 2006 | 17114727 |
| detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum, coxiella burnetii, rickettsia spp., and borrelia burgdorferi s. l. in ticks, and wild-living animals in western and middle slovakia. | in this study, three tick species (ixodes ricinus, dermacentor marginatus, and d. reticulatus), small terrestrial mammals, and game were examined by pcr for the presence of tick-borne pathogens anaplasma phagocytophilum, coxiella burnetii, rickettsia spp., and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. | 2006 | 17114728 |
| prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum, rickettsia sp. and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato dna in questing ixodes ricinus ticks from france. | a total of 4701 ixodes ricinus, collected during the summer of 2003, were analyzed for three pathogens. dna was detected from the three pathogens. co-detection of more than one pathogen was observed. | 2006 | 17114729 |
| population survey of egyptian arthropods for rickettsial agents. | between june 2002 and july 2003, 987 fleas, representing four species, and 1019 ticks, representing one argasid and eight ixodid species, were collected from egyptian animals. these arthropods were tested for rickettsial agents using polymerase chain reaction. dnas from anaplasma and ehrlichia spp. were detected in 13 ticks. previously undescribed bartonella spp. were detected in 21 fleas. coxiella burnetii was detected in two fleas and 20 ticks. rickettsia typhi was detected in 27 fleas from 10 ... | 2006 | 17114742 |
| detection of members of the genera rickettsia, anaplasma, and ehrlichia in ticks collected in the asiatic part of russia. | a total of 395 adult ixodid ticks from three genera (dermacentor, haemaphysalis, and ixodes) collected from the urals to the far east of russia were tested by pcr and sequencing for the presence of spotted fever rickettsiae, anaplasmae, and ehrlichiae. four, pathogens recognized in humans were detected in ticks: rickettsia sibirica, r. heilongjiangensis, r. helvetica, and anaplasma phagocytophilum. in addition, rickettsiae and ehrlichiae of unknown pathogenicity were detected, including ricketts ... | 2006 | 17114745 |
| anaplasmosis: focusing on host-vector-pathogen interactions for vaccine development. | anaplasma marginale and a. phagocytophylum are intracellular rickettsiae that cause bovine anaplasmosis and human granulocytic anaplasmosis, respectively. the ultimate vaccine for the control of anaplasmosis would be one that reduces infection and transmission of the pathogen by ticks. effective vaccines for control of anaplasmosis are not available despite attempts using different approaches, such as attenuated strains, infected erythrocyte and tick cell-derived purified antigens, and recombina ... | 2006 | 17114750 |
| new findings on members of the family anaplasmataceae of veterinary importance. | members of the family anaplasmataceae are obligate intracellular gram-negative bacteria that naturally infect a variety of wild and domestic animal species, the spillover of which may lead to zoonosis. i discuss new findings on members of the family anaplasmataceae of veterinary importance and therefore, i will describe the recent findings on neorickettsia risticii in the trematode and related neorickettsia species. i also will review the recent progress on aegyptianella pullorum and other aegyp ... | 2006 | 17114752 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum in ruminants in europe. | the agent that causes tick-borne fever (tbf) in sheep was first described in 1940, 8 years after the disease was first recognized in scotland. the same agent was soon shown to cause tbf in sheep and pasture fever in cattle in other parts of the uk, scandinavia, and other parts of europe. after the initial use of the name rickettsia phagocytophila, the organism was given the name cytoecetes phagocytophila to reflect its association with granulocytes and its morphological similarity with cytoecete ... | 2006 | 17114753 |
| epidemiological survey of ehrlichia canis and related species infection in dogs in eastern sudan. | the infection rates of ehrlichia canis and related species in dogs in eastern sudan were examined using molecular methods. among 78 dogs examined, 63 (80.8%), 19 (24.4%), and 26 (33.3%) were positive for e. canis, anaplasma platys, mycoplasma haemocanis, and "candidatus mycoplasma haemoparvum," respectively. among these, 30 dogs were single-positive: 25 for e. canis, 2 for a. platys, 1 for m. hemocanis, and 2 for "c. m. haemoparvum." the rest of the dogs (48.7%) were positive for two or more pat ... | 2006 | 17114754 |
| reservoir competency of goats for anaplasma phagocytophilum. | the susceptibility of goats to infection by anaplasma phagocytophilum (a. phagocytophilum) strains ap-variant 1 and ap-ha was assessed by infestation of goats with field-collected ixodes scapularis (i. scapularis) ticks. both strains were infectious in the goat model. these results demonstrate that goats can be used in a laboratory setting to propagate a. phagocytophilum. transmission from an infected goat to a naïve goat by i. scapularis tick feeding was used to demonstrate that goats are reser ... | 2006 | 17114757 |
| an epidemiological study on anaplasma infection in cattle, sheep, and goats in mashhad suburb, khorasan province, iran. | the prevalence of anaplasma infection was studied in cattle, sheep, and goats in the mashhad area from 1999 to 2002. a total of 160 cattle from 32 farms and 391 sheep and 385 goats from 77 flocks were clinically examined for the presence of anaplasma spp. in blood smears. the study revealed that 19.37% of cattle were infected with anaplasma marginale and 80.3% of sheep and 38.92% of goats were infected with anaplasma ovis. prevalence of anaplasma infection between male and female and between dif ... | 2006 | 17114758 |
| serological evaluation of anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in livestock in northwestern spain. | a total of 1,098 serum samples were analyzed against anaplasma phagocytophilum by immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) test. these serum samples belonged to four different populations distributed throughout two provinces of galicia (ourense and pontevedra) located in northwestern spain: bovine population (456 samples); ovine population (389 samples); caprine population (207 samples); and equine population (46 serum samples, all from pontevedra). the seroprevalence against a. phagocytophilum within t ... | 2006 | 17114760 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in cattle in france. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is the agent of pasture fever or tick-borne fever, a disease of ruminants and humans in the united states and in europe. although several hundred cases have been suspected to occur in cattle in france, none has yet been microbiologically confirmed. we report the first identification of a. phagocytophilum 16s rna gene sequence in a case of tbf in france. this indicates that the diagnosis of tick-borne fever should be also evoked in cattle exposed to ixodes ticks in franc ... | 2006 | 17114761 |
| the occurrence of spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae in ixodes ricinus ticks (acari: ixodidae) in northern poland. | ixodes ricinus, the most commonly observed tick species in poland, is known vector of microorganisms pathogenic for humans as tbe virus, borrelia burgdorferi s.1., anaplasma phagocytophilum and babesia sp. in this country. our study aimed to find out whether this tick can also transmit also rickettsiae of the spotted fever group (sfg). dna extracts from 560 ticks (28 females, 34 males, and 488 nymphs) collected in different wooded areas in northern poland were examined by pcr for the detection o ... | 2006 | 17114767 |
| molecular survey of ehrlichia canis and anaplasma phagocytophilum from blood of dogs in italy. | we investigated the prevalence of ehrlichia canis (e. canis) (n = 601) and anaplasma phagocytophilum (a. phagocytophilum) (n = 460) infection by means of real-time pcr from blood of italian dogs. the prevalence of e. canis in northern, central, and southern italy was 2.9%, 8%, and 9.7%, respectively. the prevalence of a. phagocytophilum was 0%. | 2006 | 17114768 |
| isolation of anaplasma phagocytophilum strain ap-variant 1 in a tick-derived cell line. | ten isolates of the ap-variant 1 strain of anaplasma phagocytophilum were made in the ixodes scapularis (i. scapularis)-derived cell line, ise6. two isolates were obtained from laboratory-infected goats and eight isolates were obtained from field-collected i. scapularis ticks. each isolate showed 16s rrna sequences identical to those as previously described for the ap-variant 1 strain. these are the first tissue culture isolates of the ap-variant 1 strain and will allow for further characterizat ... | 2006 | 17114772 |
| human anaplasmosis: the first spanish case confirmed by pcr. | we report a case of human anaplasmosis (ha) fulfilling the confirmation criteria: epidemiologic data and clinical picture compatible with ha; presence of a morulae within polymorphonuclear leukocyte; and positive pcr assay for anaplasma phagocytophilum: this case report shows the presence of ha in spain. | 2006 | 17114773 |
| multiplex detection of ehrlichia and anaplasma pathogens in vertebrate and tick hosts by real-time rt-pcr. | tick-borne rickettsial infections are responsible for many emerging diseases in humans and several vertebrates. these include human infections with ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehrlichia ewingii and anaplasma phagocytophilum. as single or co-infections can result from a tick bite, the availability of a rapid, multiplex molecular test will be valuable for timely diagnosis and treatment. we recently described a muliplex-molecular test that can detect single or co-infections with up to five ehrlichia and ... | 2006 | 17114775 |
| cloning and expression of the gene encoding the major surface protein 5 (msp5) of anaplasma phagocytophilum and potential application for serodiagnosis. | anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly known as the human granulocytic ehrlichia, ehrlichia equi and ehrlichia phagocytophila) is an obligate intracellular organism causing clinical disease in humans and various species of domestic animals. | 2006 | 17123248 |
| new findings on anaplasmosis caused by infection with anaplasma phagocytophilum. | ixodes ricinus (i. ricinus) is one of the vectors of anaplasma phagocytophilum (a. phagocytophilum) in europe, in which rates of infection range from 1.9% to 34%. in 1998, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis-like (hge-like) ehrlichia dna was detected in italy, by pcr technique in one i. ricinus nymph out of 55 ticks that were examined. in 1996, 6.3% of 310 human sera in high-risk subjects from italy were found positive for antibodies to ehrlichia phagocytophila (e. phagocytophila). in the same year, ... | 2006 | 17135539 |
| molecular diagnosis of granulocytic anaplasmosis and infectious cyclic thrombocytopenia by pcr-rflp. | anaplasma phagocytophilum (a. phagocytophilum, formerly ehrlichia phagocytophila) is a tick-borne pathogen responsible for tick-borne fever in ruminants, equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis (ege) in horses, canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis (cge) in dogs, and for human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge). human cases have been registered in many countries with a broad range of symptoms and pathogenicity. this article focused on sardinia as the prevalence in humans was almost seven times higher than in t ... | 2006 | 17135540 |
| development of an immunosensor for the diagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis. | an optical immunosensor based in major surface protein 5 (msp5) of anaplasma marginale was developed towards detection of anti-anaplasma sp. antibodies in acute infection as well as in vaccinated cattle. this study was performed using recombinant msp5 covalently immobilised in controlled pore glass (cpg) beads to detect anti-msp5 antibodies in serum samples. the quantification is based on the measurement of the cy5 fluorescence of the detection antibody, anti bovine igg, after reaction with seru ... | 2006 | 17135541 |
| [global warming, ticks, and ehrlichiosis]. | 2006 | 17137185 | |
| serological survey of ehrlichia and anaplasma infection of feral raccoons (procyon lotor) in kanagawa prefecture, japan. | numbers of feral raccoon; the possible reservoir animal of ehrlichia and anaplasma, are increasing in japan. thus serological methods were utilized to examine ehrlichia and anaplasma infection in raccoons from kanagawa prefecture, japan. by using an indirect immunofluorescence assay, among 187 feral raccoons examined, 1 (0.5%) serologically reacted with ehrlichia canis, 3 (1.6%) with ehrlichia chaffeensis and 1 (0.5%) with anaplasma phagocytophilum with the titers of 1:40 or more. although scree ... | 2007 | 17157441 |
| vector seasonality, host infection dynamics and fitness of pathogens transmitted by the tick ixodes scapularis. | fitness of tick-borne pathogens may be determined by the degree to which their infection dynamics in vertebrate hosts permits transmission cycles if infective and uninfected tick stages are active at different times of the year. to investigate this hypothesis we developed a simulation model that integrates the transmission pattern imposed by seasonally asynchronous nymphal and larval ixodes scapularis ticks in northeastern north america, with a model of infection in white-footed mice (peromyscus ... | 2007 | 17032476 |
| anaplasma marginale field challenge: protection by an inactivated immunogen that shares partial sequence of msp1alpha variable region with the challenge strain. | twenty four hereford heifers free of anaplasmosis were allotted into three groups of eight animals each and inoculated three times with adjuvant in puck saline as control or 50 microg and 100 microg of total protein of anaplasma marginale initial bodies from three mexican strains which share the same variable region of msp1alpha and msp4. inoculation with the adjuvant or the immunogen at either of the two protein doses did not induce any undesirable changes attributable to inoculation in vaccina ... | 2007 | 17049686 |
| sequence analysis of the msp4 gene of anaplasma ovis strains. | anaplasma ovis (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) is a tick-borne pathogen of sheep, goats and wild ruminants. the genetic diversity of a. ovis strains has not been well characterized due to the lack of sequence information. in this study, we evaluated bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) from montana for infection with a. ovis by serology and sequence analysis of the msp4 gene. antibodies to anaplasma spp. were detected in 37% and 39% of bighorn sheep and mule deer ... | 2007 | 17052866 |
| pcr detection of anaplasma platys in blood and tissue of dogs during acute phase of experimental infection. | four dogs were experimentally infected with anaplasma platys to determine changes in real-time taqman pcr detection in blood and tissue, microscopically detectable parasitemia, and platelet concentrations during the first 28 days of infection. buffy-coat blood cells were pcr positive for a. platys dna at 4 days after inoculation and remained positive in all dogs until day 14. marked thrombocytopenia and low parasitemia occurred in dogs during that initial period. during 17 and 28 days post-inocu ... | 2007 | 17034792 |
| prevalence of mycoplasma haemofelis, 'candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum', bartonella species, ehrlichia species, and anaplasma phagocytophilum dna in the blood of cats with anemia. | hemoplasmas are known causes of anemia in some cats and some bartonella species have been associated with anemia in people and in dogs. in this retrospective study, we used polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays to determine the prevalence rates of mycoplasma haemofelis, 'candidatus m haemominutum', a phagocytophilum, ehrlichia species, and bartonella species dna in the blood of cats with anemia and a control group of healthy cats. dna of the organisms was amplified from 22 of 89 cats with anemi ... | 2007 | 16846745 |
| msp2 variation in anaplasma phagocytophilum in vivo does not stimulate t cell immune responses or interferon-gamma production. | msp2 is anaplasma phagocytophilum's immunodominant protein. antigenic variability with msp2 gene conversion may drive differential immunopathology with infection by bacteria of different in vitro passage intervals. we examined msp2 transcript variation and its relationship to histopathology, t-cell and antibody responses in mice infected with differentially passaged a. phagocytophilum. hepatic inflammation peaked on day 2-4 with low passage bacteria and on day 4-7 with high passage bacteria infe ... | 2007 | 17286796 |
| haemoparasites of common shrews (sorex araneus) in northwest england. | the presence of haemoparasites belonging to the taxa anaplasma, bartonella and trypanosoma was determined among 76 common shrews (sorex araneus) from northwest england. anaplasma phagocytophilum dna was recovered from the blood of 1 shrew (1.3%), with the amplified 16s rrna sequence identical to one previously reported from a bank vole (clethrionomys glareolus). trypanosoma spp. dna was detected in 9 shrews (11.8%), the amplified 18s rdna fragments being indistinguishable from one another, and d ... | 2007 | 17288633 |
| lyme disease followed by human granulocytic anaplasmosis in a kidney transplant recipient. | we report the case of a kidney transplant recipient who developed lyme disease, followed by human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga) 3 years later. a review of all previously published cases of lyme disease (3 cases), hga (5 cases), and human monocytic ehrlichiosis (hme) (5 cases) in transplant recipients is presented. manifestations of the cases reviewed were similar to those of non-transplant patients. there appeared to be no obvious correlation between immunosuppression and the occurrence of the ... | 2007 | 17313478 |
| first serological and molecular evidence on the endemicity of anaplasma ovis and a. marginale in hungary. | recurring and spontaneously curing spring haemoglobinuria was recently reported in a small sheep flock in a selenium deficient area of northern hungary. in blood smears of two animals showing clinical signs, anaplasma-like inclusion bodies were seen in erythrocytes. to extend the scope of the study, 156 sheep from 5 flocks and 26 cattle from 9 farms in the region were examined serologically with a competitive elisa to detect antibodies to anaplasma marginale, a. centrale and a. ovis. the seropos ... | 2007 | 17336001 |
| immunogenicity of anaplasma marginale type iv secretion system proteins in a protective outer membrane vaccine. | rickettsial pathogens in the genera anaplasma and ehrlichia cause acute infection in immunologically naive hosts and are major causes of tick-borne disease in animals and humans. immunization with purified outer membranes induces protection against acute anaplasma marginale infection and disease, and a proteomic and genomic approach recently identified 21 proteins within the outer membrane immunogen in addition to the well-characterized major surface proteins msp1 to msp5. among the newly descri ... | 2007 | 17339347 |
| first report of anaplasma phagocytophilum and its co-infections with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus ticks (acari: ixodidae) from republic of moldova. | we examined 198 questing ixodes ricinus ticks collected in chisinau city, republic of moldova by pcr assays for anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and co-infection of both pathogens, which were detected in 9%, 25.2% and 2.5% of tested ticks, respectively. b. burgdorferi s.l. genotyping revealed the presence of five genospecies with dominance of b. garinii. our preliminary study provides evidence about occurrence of both pathogens in this populated area, which represent a ... | 2007 | 17342346 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum specifically induces tyrosine phosphorylation of rock1 during infection. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, an obligate intracellular pathogen that persists within polymorphonuclear leucocytes, is the second most common tick-borne agent in north america. we now show that infection of a promyelocytic cell line and neutrophils with a. phagocytophilum results in pathogen-specific tyrosine phosphorylation of rock1. phosphorylation is associated with psgl-1 and syk, because psgl-1 blocking antibodies and sirna targeting syk interfere with rock1 phosphorylation in a. phagocytophil ... | 2007 | 17346310 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum in dogs in germany. | a total number of 111 dogs were included in the present prospective study investigating the prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum in dogs in germany. dogs were divided into two groups. dogs of group 1 (n = 49) showed clinical and/or haematological signs seen in infections with a. phagocytophilum, whereas those of group 2 (n = 62) did not have any evidence of anaplasmosis. for each dog, an a. phagocytophilum 16s rrna-nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edt ... | 2007 | 17348913 |
| symbiotic bacteria in oocyte and ovarian cell mitochondria of the tick ixodes ricinus: biology and phylogenetic position. | under natural conditions, eukaryote cells may contain bacteria. arthropods such as ticks, insects or mites are a group particularly favoured by the obligate intracellular bacteria. while arthropods are vectors for some of them, other bacteria inhabit invertebrate host cells having entered mutualistic interactions. such endosymbionts dwell usually in the host cell vacuoles or cytoplasm but have been also reported from tick oocyte mitochondria. the microorganisms contribute to mitochondria degrada ... | 2007 | 17226040 |
| wolbachia surface protein (wsp) inhibits apoptosis in human neutrophils. | polymorphonuclear cells (pmns) are essential for the innate immune response against invading bacteria. at the same time, modulation of pmns' apoptosis or cell death by bacteria has emerged as a mechanism of pathogenesis. wolbachia bacteria are gram-negative endosymbionts of filarial nematodes and arthropods, phylogenetically related to the genera anaplasma, ehrlichia and neorickettsia (family anaplasmataceae). although several pathogens are known to interfere with apoptosis, there is only limite ... | 2007 | 17241395 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum anka is tyrosine-phosphorylated at epiya motifs and recruits shp-1 during early infection. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an intracellular pathogen that infects and survives in neutrophilic granulocytes. the a. phagocytophilum genome encodes a type four secretion system (t4ss) that may facilitate intracellular survival by translocation of virulence factors, but to date, no such factors have been identified. because t4ss-translocated proteins of several intracellular organisms undergo tyrosine phosphorylation by host cell kinases, we investigated tyrosine phosphorylation of a. phagocytop ... | 2007 | 17250594 |
| encephalopathy with seizures having pcr-positive anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia chaffeensis. | 2007 | 17250712 | |
| experimental infection of c3h/hej mice with the ny18 isolate of anaplasma phagocytophilum. | human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga), an emerging disease of public health concern in many areas of the world, is caused by anaplasma phagocytophilum. small animal models of a phagocytophilum in laboratory mice have been developed and used to study the pathogenesis of hga. in this study, we characterized the pathologic changes in acute infection of c3h/hej mice experimentally infected with the ny18 isolate of a phagocytophilum. although no clinical signs were noted, acute infection was associat ... | 2007 | 17197625 |
| an immunohistochemical and polymerase chain reaction evaluation of feline plasmacytic pododermatitis. | sections of 14 skin biopsies of cats with plasmacytic pododermatitis and a clinical follow-up of 12-36 months were stained with a polyclonal anti-mycobacterium bovis (bacille calmette-guerin = bcg) antibody cross-reactive to a broad spectrum of fungi and bacteria. all sections were negative for organisms within the actual footpad tissue with the anti-bcg antibody stains. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays that amplify the dna of bartonella spp., ehrlichia spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, chl ... | 2007 | 17197627 |
| in vivo endothelial cell infection by anaplasma marginale. | anaplasma marginale has recently been shown to infect endothelial cells in vitro, but it remains unknown as to whether endothelial infection also occurs in vivo. in this report, we demonstrate through dual fluorescence microscopy that a marginale, detected by the monoclonal antibody anaf16c1, co-localizes with the endothelial cell marker, von willebrand factor, in tissue sections from an experimentally inoculated calf. the results indicate that a marginale infection includes endothelial cells an ... | 2007 | 17197636 |
| characterization of anaplasma phagocytophilum major surface protein 5 and the extent of its cross-reactivity with a. marginale. | major surface protein 5 (msp5) of anaplasma marginale is highly conserved in the genus anaplasma and the antigen used in a commercially available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) for serologic identification of cattle with anaplasmosis. this study analyzes the degrees of conservation of msp5 among various isolates of anaplasma phagocytophilum and the extent of serologic cross-reactivity between recombinant msp5 (rmsp5) of anaplasma marginale and a. phagocytophilum. the msp5 ... | 2007 | 17215333 |
| dna vaccine construct incorporating intercellular trafficking and intracellular targeting motifs effectively primes and induces memory b- and t-cell responses in outbred animals. | we developed a vaccine construct in which a bvp22 domain and an invariant-chain major histocompatibility complex class ii-targeting motif capable of enhancing dendritic cell antigen uptake and presentation were fused to a sequence encoding a b- and t-cell antigen from the anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a and tested whether this construct would prime and expand immune responses in outbred calves. a single inoculation with this construct effectively primed the immune responses, as demo ... | 2007 | 17215335 |
| porin activity of anaplasma phagocytophilum outer membrane fraction and purified p44. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, an obligatory intracellular bacterium that causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis, has significantly less coding capacity for biosynthesis and central intermediary metabolism than do free-living bacteria. thus, a. phagocytophilum needs to usurp and acquire various compounds from its host. here we demonstrate that the isolated outer membrane of a. phagocytophilum has porin activity, as measured by a liposome swelling assay. the activity allows the diffusion of l-glutami ... | 2007 | 17172334 |
| transcriptome analysis of the salivary glands of dermacentor andersoni stiles (acari: ixodidae). | amongst blood-feeding arthropods, ticks of the family ixodidae (hard ticks) are vectors and reservoirs of a greater variety of infectious agents than any other ectoparasite. salivary glands of ixodid ticks secrete a large number of pharmacologically active molecules that not only facilitate feeding but also promote establishment of infectious agents. genomic, proteomic and immunologic characterization of bioactive salivary gland molecules are, therefore, important as they offer new insights into ... | 2007 | 17175446 |
| selection for simple major surface protein 2 variants during anaplasma marginale transmission to immunologically naïve animals. | anaplasma marginale, a rickettsial pathogen, evades clearance in the animal host by antigenic variation. under immune selection, a. marginale expresses complex major surface protein 2 mosaics, derived from multiple donor sequences. however, these mosaics have a selective advantage only in the presence of adaptive immunity and are rapidly replaced by simple variants following transmission. | 2007 | 17178787 |
| analysis of world strains of anaplasma marginale using major surface protein 1a repeat sequences. | anaplasma marginale is a tick-borne pathogen of cattle that causes the disease bovine anaplasmosis worldwide. major surface proteins (msps) are involved in host-pathogen and tick-pathogen interactions and have been used as markers for the genetic characterization of a. marginale strains and phylogenetic studies. msp1a is involved in the adhesion and transmission of a. marginale by ticks and varies among geographic strains in the number and sequence of amino-terminal tandem repeats. the aim of th ... | 2007 | 17084044 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum subverts tick salivary gland proteins. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is a bacterium that is transmitted by ixodes spp. ticks, in which it resides in salivary glands. ticks inoculate the pathogen into hosts together with an array of salivary molecules that reduce host anti-tick inflammation. sukumaran et al. recently showed that a. phagocytophilum uses a tick salivary protein, salp16, to enhance its uptake from the host and into the salivary gland. occupation and exploitation of tick salivary glands have implications for the maintenance a ... | 2007 | 17092773 |
| observed prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in domestic animals in sicily, italy during 2003-2005. | the objective of this study was to characterize the observed prevalence of tick-borne pathogens (tbp) in domestic animals in sicily, italy during 2003-2005. serological (competitive elisa and indirect immunofluorescence antibody, n = 3299) and dna tests (polymerase chain reaction and reverse line blot, n = 2565) were conducted on horse, donkey, cattle, sheep, goat, pig and dog samples. pathogens analysed included anaplasma, ehrlichia, rickettsia, babesia and theileria species, and coxiella burne ... | 2007 | 17359441 |