Publications

an ethological perspective on social behavior in long stay hospitalized psychiatric patients.	ethological methods were employed to gather normative data on social behavior in long stay male inpatients in the ward environment. most were diagnosed schizophrenic. social bheavior was categorized into four main types: altruistic, assertive, cigarette, and verbal. patients (n = 24) were divided into three groups on the basis of the amount of social interaction (top, middle, and bottom thirds of the interactional scale). with the use of these divisions, results indicated: a) marked variability ...	1999	115964
[role of axoplasmc transport in the pathogenesis of cottony exudates].		1999	91450
two effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on limulus ventral photoreceptors.		1999	91407
[treatment of allergic non-seasonal rhinitis with intal].		1999	91152
[legislative regulation of mental health care].		2000	3406216
vitreous fluorophotometry and blood-sugar control in diabetics.		2000	91798
[a delicate intervention: tonsillectomy in adults].		2000	92060
can the family physician avoid conflict of interest in the gatekeeper role? an affirmative view.		2000	2723596
acyclovir for treatment of mucocutaneous herpes infection in a child with leukaemia.		2000	91931
diagnosing thyroid nodules.		2000	87601
sensitivity of spleen-colony-forming units to chronic bleomycin.		2000	92329
inhibition of antibody production in plasmacytoma cells. iii. interactions of suppressive and nonsuppressive dnp conjugates with mopc 315 cells.		2000	87442
the effect of native and sonicated double-stranded polyribonucleotides on the course of spontaneous autoimmune disease in nzb and nzb/swiss f1 mice.	the administration of sonicated fractions of f2 phage polyribonucleotides caused an increased weight loss and deterioration of the clinical state in female nzb mice. discontinuance of the treatment resulted in an improvement of both the clinical state and the genetically determined autoimmune disorders of these mice. some potential explanations of this effect are discussed.	2000	94768
[the 38th congress of the japan neurosurgical society. abstracts].		2000	94653
[biliary tract atresia].		2000	97569
random amplified polymorphic dna analysis to differentiate strains of vibrio vulnificus isolated from cockles and shrimps.	a random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) fingerprinting method has been developed to differentiate vibrio vulnificus strains isolated. twenty-nine strains isolated from cockles and twenty-one strains isolated from shrimps were analyzed. a total of 10 primers were screened with vibrio vulnificus strains to identify those capable of generating dna polymorphisms and two primers were selected. primer gen 1-50-01 and gen 1-50-08 produced polymorphisms in most strains tested, with the band sizes rang ...	2000	22844214
haemoperfusion for acute intoxication with hypnotic drugs.		2000	91846
long term survival following firearm injury to the head.		2000	110996
vibrio vulnificus sepsis.		2000	11878490
cloning, nucleotide sequence and expression of the beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase gene from aeromonas sp. no. 10s-24.	the beta-glcnacase gene of aeromonas sp. no. 10s-24 was cloned and sequenced. the gene consisted of 2505 bp encoding 835 amino acid residues. the amino acid sequence of the gene shares sequence homology with beta-glcnacases of vibrio vulnificus (37.4%), serratia marcescens (36.4%), v. harveyi (36.4%), v. parahemolyticus (33.5%), alteromonas sp. strain o-7 (27.0%), and candida albicans (28.6%). the beta-glcnacase gene of aeromonas sp. no. 10s-24 was about 630-fold overexpressed in escherichia col ...	2000	16232720
[severe sepsis with organ failure in necrotizing fasciitis of the right leg caused by infection with vibrio vulnificus].	vibrio vulnificus is a human pathogen which can cause the septicemia and necrosis of the soft tissue, especially fasciitis. the occurrence is most common in the summer, the source of infection can be sea water or the sand on the beaches, however the infection after eating seafood was described as well. the patient with predominant liver dysfunction are more often affected. the clinical course is characterized by severe sepsis, and massive skin lesion. the mortality more than 60% is reported. thi ...	2000	15635806
[arrhythmias in direct fetal electrocardiography].		2000	92107
genital herpes zoster: a case resembling primary herpes progenitalis with distal urethral involvement.		2000	101907
oral methionine loading as a cause of acute serum folate deficiency: its relevance to parenteral nutrition.	oral methionine supplements (8.0 g daily for 4 days) were given to five normal volunteers who continued to eat their usual diet. this treatment resulted in a significant fall in serum folate concentration. three days after the end of treatment concentrations had not completely returned to control values. the fall in concentration was prevented by giving oral folic acid supplements. it is suggested that folic acid supplements should be given to patients who are receiving intravenous infusions of ...	2000	97644
[treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolality with low dose insulin infusion (author's transl)].	fifteen patients were treated with low-dose (5 u/hour) insulin infusion, including 10 cases of ketoacidosis, 3 cases of hyperglycemia without acidosis in severely affected diabetics, and 2 cases with hyperosmolality. the treatment was successful in all cases. insulin was infused at a constant rate, during 12 hours as a mean value. blood glucose fell regularly and no hypoglycemia occured. serum potassium varied within narrow limits, and no accident related to hypokalemia was observed. the correct ...	2000	97626
reversal of florid diabetic retinopathy.		2000	91797
radiation biophysical studies with mammalian cells and a modulated carbon ion beam.		2000	97728
reduced plasma viscosity among joggers compared with non-joggers.		2000	92344
arterial occlusion in the management of pain from metastatic renal carcinoma.	arterial embolization was performed in nine patients with metastases from renal carcinoma who had severe pain resistant to conventional therapy. patients with metastases in the ilium (four), the lumbosacral spine (one), and the base of the skull (one) experienced pain relief lasting from one to six months. the other three patients, who had metastases in the proximal femur, underwent preoperative embolization to facilitate tumor curettage and internal hip fixation. no significant complications we ...	2000	92038
esophagogastrectomy for carcinoma of the middle third of the esophagus.	elective esophagogastrectomy and reconstruction by esophagogastrostomy were performed on 55 patients with malignant tumors of the midesophagus, despite invasion of contiguous structures in 60% and regional lymph node involvement in 75%. the operations were invariably palliative. two patients died within thirty days of operation. dysphagia was relieved and oral alimentation resumed in the other 53. twenty-nine patients who had experienced painful swallowing and 16 who had vomiting obtained relief ...	2000	92220
steroids in asthma.		2000	91910
vibrio vulnificus: a physiological and genetic approach to the viable but nonculturable response.	in this review, we focus on studies of the viable but nonculturable response (vbnc) of vibrio vulnificus, a significant and aggressive human pathogen, as a model system for the general understanding of the vbnc response. this response is characterized physiologically as the inability to culture an organism on media that normally supports its growth, and yet those cells retain indicators of metabolic activity. implicit in this definition is that it may be possible to return or resuscitate vbnc ce ...	2000	11810549
detection and molecular characterization of vibrio vulnificus from coastal waters of malaysia.	a total of 57 vibrio vulnificus isolates from coastal water were characterized for their antimicrobial resistance, plasmid profiles and were typed by the pcr-based techniques: a random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) method and the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence (eric) method. all isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. fifty-one isolates were resistant to one or more of the other antibiotics ...	2000	11414409
a selective medium and a specific probe for detection of vibrio vulnificus.	a selective medium (vvm) and a specific 16s rrna gene (rdna) probe (v3vv) for the detection of vibrio vulnificus were developed. the medium contains d-(+)-cellobiose as the main carbon source and electrolytes (mgcl(2)-6h(2)o and kcl), which stimulate bacterial growth. polymyxin b, colistin, and moderate alkalinity and salinity provide selectivity properties. v. vulnificus grows on vvm as flat, bright yellow colonies. other vibrio species tested either did not grow or showed green-bluish colonies ...	2000	10653765
fulminating septicaemia caused by vibrio vulnificus.		2000	10730788
epidemiology and pathogenesis of vibrio vulnificus.	vibrio vulnificus is capable of causing severe and often fatal infections in susceptible individuals. it causes two distinct disease syndromes, a primary septicemia and necrotizing wound infections. this review discusses the interaction of environmental conditions, host factors, and bacterial virulence determinants that contribute to the epidemiology and pathogenesis of v. vulnificus.	2000	10742690
cluster analysis of ap-pcr generated dna fingerprints of vibrio vulnificus isolates from patients fatally infected after consumption of raw oysters.	arbitrarily-primed-polymerase chain reaction (ap-pcr) dna fingerprints were generated for 10 vibrio vulnificus strains isolated from patients who became infected and died between 1993 and 1996 as a result of consuming raw oysters. analysis of the dna fingerprints with gel imaging and cluster analysis software revealed significant genetic heterogeneity among these strains, suggesting that v. vulnificus has a high degree of variation in its genomic organization, and that multiple pathogenic strain ...	2000	10747262
vibrio vulnificus infection complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome in a child with nephrotic syndrome.	a 9-year-old girl with nephrotic syndrome visited a local hospital after developing fever, chills, and edematous changes and multiple hemorrhagic bullae on both legs over 2 days. cultures of blood and an aspirate from the bullae yielded vibrio vulnificus. the patient was transferred to our hospital because of persistent fever, generalized edema, acute renal failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. we treated this patient as a v. vulnificus infection complicated with necrotizing fasc ...	2000	10790253
the marine pathogen vibrio vulnificus encodes a putative homologue of the vibrio harveyi regulatory gene, luxr: a genetic and phylogenetic comparison.	vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic pathogen that exhibits numerous virulence factors, including the secretion of a zinc metalloprotease and the production of a capsule. we have cloned and sequenced a gene from v. vulnificus that is a homologue of the positive transcriptional regulator, luxr, of the lux operon in vibrio harveyi. this gene encodes a putative, single complete open reading frame designated smcr, which shares greater than 75% nucleotide identity with luxr of v. harveyi. the deduce ...	2000	10806366
metalloprotease is not essential for vibrio vulnificus virulence in mice.	previous work suggested that a metalloprotease, vvp, may be a virulence factor of vibrio vulnificus, which causes severe wound infection and septicemia in humans. to determine the role of vvp in pathogenesis, we isolated an isogenic protease-deficient (pd) mutant of vibrio vulnificus by in vivo allelic exchange. this pd mutant was as virulent as its parental strain in mice infected intraperitoneally and was 10-fold more virulent in mice infected via the oral route. furthermore, the pd mutant was ...	2000	10816513
a case of fatal food-borne septicemia: can family physicians provide prevention?	vibrio vulnificus, a common bacteria found in undercooked seafood and seawater, is the leading cause of food-borne death in florida. fatal cases of v vulnificus infection have also been reported in most states.	2000	10826868
microbial pathogens with impaired ability to acquire host iron.	successful microbial pathogens must be adept in obtaining growth-essential iron from healthy hosts. some potential pathogens, however, are sufficiently impaired in iron acquisition ability so as to be dangerous mainly in hosts with such iron loading conditions as alcoholism, asplenia, hemochromatosis, beta-thalassemia major, or tobacco smoking. the association of six impaired pathogens (capnocytophaga canimorsis, yersinia enterocolitica and y. pseudotuberculosis, vibrio vulnificus, tropheryma wh ...	2000	10831229
renal failure in vibrio vulnificus infection.	vibrio vulnificus infection with septicemia is a life threatening disease in the immunocompromised hosts. renal involvement has not been documented. we reported herein 8 patients with v. vulnificus septicemia. all were immunocompromised hosts. four patients had cirrhosis of the liver, 3 were heavy alcohol drinkers and one had systemic lupus erythematosis. presenting symptomatology included fever, chills, leg pain and skin rash. renal failure was observed in 6 patients. four patients died shortly ...	2000	10843244
vibrio vulnificus has the transmembrane transcription activator toxrs stimulating the expression of the hemolysin gene vvha.	in an attempt to dissect the virulence regulatory mechanism in vibrio vulnificus, we tried to identify the v. cholerae transmembrane virulence regulator toxrs (toxrs(vc)) homologs in v. vulnificus. by comparing the sequences of toxrs of v. cholerae and v. parahaemolyticus (toxrs(vp)), we designed a degenerate primer set targeting well-conserved sequences. using the pcr product as an authentic probe for southern blot hybridization, a 1.6-kb bglii-hindiii fragment and a 1.2-kb hindiii fragment con ...	2000	10852871
evaluation of a simplified semi-quantitative protocol for the estimation of vibrio vulnificus in bathing water using cellobiose-colistin agar: a collaborative study with 13 municipal food controlling units in denmark.	a simplified semi-quantitative method using pre-enrichment in alkaline peptone water supplemented with polymyxin b and plating onto cellobiose-colistin (cc) agar for the estimation of vibrio vulnificus in bathing water was evaluated. this protocol was tested in a collaborative study with 13 food controlling laboratories in denmark during the 1999 bathing season in periods when water temperatures exceeded 20 degrees c. the average percentage of yellow colonies larger than 1 mm in diameter on cc a ...	2000	10856777
protective effect of c-reactive protein against the lethality induced by vibrio vulnificus lipopolysaccharide.	vibrio vulnificus infection has attracted special interest because of its high mortality. a strong clinical association exists between hepatic dysfunction and increased morbidity and mortality from v. vulnificus infection. in this study, the effect of c-reactive protein (crp), a typical hepatogenic acute phase protein, on the lethality induced by v. vulnificus lipopolysaccharide (lps) was investigated in galactosamine-sensitized mice. the pretreatment of crp, in a dose of at least 2 mg/kg, 2 hr ...	2000	10888350
cloning, sequencing and expression of the gene encoding the extracellular metalloprotease of aeromonas caviae.	a gene (apk) encoding the extracellular protease of aeromonas caviae ae6 has been cloned and sequenced. for cloning the gene, the dna genomic library was screened using skim milk lb agar. one clone harboring plasmid pkk3 was selected for sequencing. nucleotide sequencing of the 3.5 kb region of pkk3 revealed a single open reading frame (orf) of 1,785 bp encoding 595 amino acids. the deduced polypeptide contained a putative 16-amino acid signal peptide followed by a large propeptide. the n-termin ...	2000	10888351
impact of acid on survival of vibrio vulnificus and vibrio vulnificus phage.	three strains of vibrio vulnificus and v. vulnificus phages were tested for acid sensitivity at 21 degrees c. v. vulnificus strain 304 was more resistant to ph 4.0 than strains cvd-1 and a-9, whereas acid sensitivities of v. vulnificus strains at ph 3.0 and 2.0 were similar. v. vulnificus phage strain 110a-7 was more resistant to ph 4.0 than strain 153a-7, whereas acid sensitivities of phage strains at ph 3.5 and 3.0 were similar. numbers of v. vulnificus and its phage were close to the limit of ...	2000	10945579
construction and phenotypic evaluation of a vibrio vulnificus vvpe mutant for elastolytic protease.	vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic gram-negative pathogen that commonly contaminates oysters. predisposed individuals who consume raw oysters can die within days from sepsis, and even otherwise healthy people are susceptible to serious wound infection after contact with contaminated seafood or seawater. numerous secreted and cell-associated virulence factors have been proposed to account for the fulminating and destructive nature of v. vulnificus infections. among the putative virulence facto ...	2000	10948131
recovery of hydrogen peroxide-sensitive culturable cells of vibrio vulnificus gives the appearance of resuscitation from a viable but nonculturable state.	the viabilities of five strains of vibrio vulnificus were evaluated during the storage of the organisms in sterile seawater at 5 degrees c. the number of cfu was measured by plate count methods on rich media. the total cell numbers were determined by direct microscopic count methods. the titer of cfu declined logarithmically to undetectable levels over a period of 2 to 3 weeks, while the total cell numbers were unchanged. midway through each study, higher culturable cell counts began to be obser ...	2000	10960089
identification of vibrio spp. (other than v. vulnificus) recovered on cpc agar from marine natural samples.	two hundred and eighty four presumptive but not confirmed vibrio vulnificus isolates grown on cellobiose-polymixin b-colistin agar (cpc) at 40 degrees c, recovered from sea water samples from valencia, spain, during a microbiological survey for v. vulnificus, were phenotypically identified. most of the isolates (91%) corresponded to vibrio species. v. harveyi (24%) and v. splendidus(19%) were the most abundant species identified, followed by v. navarrensis (13%), v. alginolyticus (8%) and v. par ...	2000	10963334
[a rare case of necrotizing fasciitis and subsequent sepsis with multiorgan failure caused by vibrio vulnificus].	the authors report a rare case of necrotizing fasciitis, sepsis caused by a strain of vibrio vulnificus rare in czech republic.	2000	10967678
pathogenesis of infection by clinical and environmental strains of vibrio vulnificus in iron-dextran-treated mice.	vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic pathogen that contaminates oysters harvested from the gulf of mexico. in humans with compromising conditions, especially excess levels of iron in plasma and tissues, consumption of contaminated seafood or exposure of wounds to contaminated water can lead to systemic infection and disfiguring skin infection with extremely high mortality. v. vulnificus-associated diseases are noted for the rapid replication of the bacteria in host tissues, with extensive tissu ...	2000	10992486
an indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique for detection and enumeration of vibrio vulnificus serovar e (biotype 2): development and applications.	the applications of an indirect fluorescent antibody technique (ifat), developed to detect and enumerate the pathogenic bacterium vibrio vulnificus serovar e from water and clinical samples, are described. this technique proved accurate for detecting v. vulnificus, even under starvation conditions and in the non-culturable state, and could differentiate this species from other bacteria which share the same habitats. the ifat was successfully used to diagnose vibriosis from naturally- and artific ...	2000	11054163
phylogeny of vibrio cholerae based on reca sequence.	we sequenced a 705-bp fragment of the reca gene from 113 vibrio cholerae strains and closely related species. one hundred eighty-seven nucleotides were phylogenetically informative, 55 were phylogenetically uninformative, and 463 were invariant. not unexpectedly, vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus strains formed out-groups; we also identified isolates which resembled v. cholerae biochemically but which did not cluster with v. cholerae. in many instances, v. cholerae serogroup designat ...	2000	11083852
low temperature pasteurization to reduce the risk of vibrio infections from raw shell-stock oysters.	vibrio vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus are natural inhabitants of estuarine environments and may be transmitted to humans by ingestion of raw oysters. this study focused on the use of low temperature pasteurization, to reduce these vibrio spp. to nondetectable levels, thus reducing the risk of infection associated with raw oyster consumption. artificially-inoculated v. vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus and naturally-contaminated v. vulnificus in live oysters were pasteurized at 50 degrees c ...	2000	11091792
topically acquired bacterial zoonoses from fish: a review.	the main pathogens acquired topically from fish (through spine puncture or open wounds) are aeromonas hydrophila, edwardsiella tarda, erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, mycobacterium marinum, streptococcus iniae, vibrio vulnificus and vibrio damsela. s. iniae has recently emerged as a public health hazard associated with aquaculture, and m. marinum often infects home aquarium hobbyists. with the expansion of aquaculture and popularity of recreational fishing in australia, medical practitioners can ex ...	2000	11130351
effect of simulated gastric fluid and bile on survival of vibrio vulnificus and vibrio vulnificus phage.	bacteria and phages may be exposed to acid conditions in the stomach and to bile in the intestine. survival of three strains of vibrio vulnificus and three strains of its phages was examined at 37 degrees c after exposure to simulated gastric fluid at ph 3 to 4 or to 0, 1, and 2% bile in broth or buffer. mean d-values (decimal reduction times) at ph 4 and 3 were 3.3 and 1.3 min for v. vulnificus and 97.8 and 0.7 min for its phages. no v. vulnificus survivors were found at ph 2.0. there were few ...	2000	11131888
vibrio vulnificus corneal ulcer: rapid resolution of a virulent pathogen.	to describe a corneal ulcer due to vibrio vulnificus that resolved rapidly with antibiotic therapy alone.	2000	10632019
cloning and characterization of vuua, a gene encoding the vibrio vulnificus ferric vulnibactin receptor.	the ability of vibrio vulnificus to acquire iron from the host has been shown to correlate with virulence. many iron transport genes are regulated by iron, and in v. vulnificus, transcriptional regulation by iron depends on the fur gene. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of a 72-kda iron-regulated outer membrane protein purified from a v. vulnificus fur mutant had 53% homology with the first 15 amino acids of the mature protein of the vibrio cholerae vibriobactin receptor, viua. in this report, ...	2000	10639413
mechanism of high susceptibility of iron-overloaded mouse to vibrio vulnificus infection.	vibrio vulnificus produces fulminant septicemia in humans with underlying conditions, particularly those with diseases that elevate the iron level. the effect of a high iron level on the virulence of v. vulnificus was therefore investigated in mice treated with iron dextran. the mice loaded with iron became highly susceptible to v. vulnificus infection, the ld50 (50% lethal dose) decreased five logs when infected per peritoneum. however, when infected via the oral route, the ld50 was affected li ...	2000	11145266
effectiveness of different vaccine formulations against vibriosis caused by vibrio vulnificus serovar e (biotype 2) in european eels anguilla anguilla.	vibriosis due to vibrio vulnificus serovar e (biotype 2) is one of the main causes of mortality in european eels cultured in europe. the main objective of this study was to develop a vaccine and a vaccination procedure against this pathogen. with this aim, we tested several vaccine formulations (inactivated whole-cells with and without toxoids--inactivated extracellular products--from capsulated and uncapsulated strains, attenuated live vaccines and purified lipopolysaccharide [lps]) on eels mai ...	2000	11145457
[fulminant sepsis caused by vibrio vulnificus. a case series].	vibrio vulnificus is a marine bacteria associated with the ingestion of raw shellfish or contact with seawater. it can produce wound infection, diarrhea and sepsis. the main risk factor for infection is the presence of chronic liver disease. prior studies have shown mortality from 40% to 63%.	2000	11256106
[effects of vibrio vulnificus metalloprotease on the capillaries: pathological actions and inactivation by alpha-macroglobulin].	vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic human pathogen causing wound infection and septicemia, characterized by hemorrhagic and edematous damage to the skin of limbs. when injected into the dorsal skin, an extracellular metalloprotease from this vibrio (v. vulnificus protease: vvp) enhanced the vascular permeability through activation of the hageman factor-plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade and/or stimulation of exocytotic histamine release. additionally, vvp caused the hemorrhagic skin lesion throug ...	2000	11190200
a highly homologous 68 kbp plasmid found in vibrio vulnificus strains virulent for eels.	vibrio vulnificus serovar e (biotype 2) strains are virulent for eels and have also been reported to cause illness in humans. studies on the plasmid content of serovar e strains revealed the existence of a plasmid of approximately 70 kbp present in most of these strains. in this study we characterized the 70 kbp plasmids of seven biotype 2 strains isolated from seawater, diseased eels and wound infections in humans. we determined the exact size of the high molecular weight plasmids to be 68 kbp. ...	2000	11199498
[analysis of the plasmid profile of various salmonella serotypes].	every year foodborne infections cause millions of illnesses but many of them go undiagnosed and unreported. the epidemiology of these illnesses is changing, new pathogens have emerged (escherichia coli o157:h7, cyclospora cayetanensis, vibrio vulnificus). salmonella spp. is the most common bacterial cause of acute enterocolitis with us. all over the world, as well as in our country the most often isolated serotype is salmonella enteritidis. a great problem in many countries is the multiresistant ...	2000	11320741
[identification of vibrio vulnificus from patients with otitis media and septicemia by pcr method].	sucrose-negative colonies were isolated on tcbs agar plate from otorrhea specimens from otitis media patient in the adult diseases examination center, hirosaki medical association. the isolate was identified as vibrio vulnificus by nested pcr method which amplify v. vulnificus-specific sequences directed against 23s rrna genes. the pcr method was applied to identify 6 strains originally isolated from septicemia patients in kurashiki central hospital and formerly identified as v. vulnificus by ph ...	2001	11357321
microbiological quality and safety of quahog clams, mercenaria mercenaria, during refrigeration and at elevated storage temperatures.	the effects of storage temperatures and times on the microbiological quality and safety of hard-shelled quahog clams (mercenaria mercenaria) were examined. samples were stored at four different incubation temperatures (3.3, 7.2, 10.0, and 12.8 degrees c) for a period of 3 weeks, following their harvest from summer growing waters (> or = 27 degrees c) and winter waters (< or = 4 degrees c). clams were analyzed for two naturally occurring pathogens, vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus. d ...	2001	11252477
dna packaging and developmental intermediates of a broad host range vibrio vulnificus bacteriophage 71a-6.	the structural intermediates in the capsid assembly and dna packaging pathway of vibrio vulnificus bacteriophage 71a-6, a rod-shaped double-stranded dna podovirus, were isolated by ultracentrifugation and studied by electron microscopy, sds-page and pulsed-field gel electrophoretic analysis. bacteriophage 71a-6 synthesized rod-shaped capsids (mean length=200+/-8 nm; mean width=47+/-3 nm n=50) during its development. several host proteins that probably help in the assembly and maturation of the c ...	2001	11292322
identification and characterization of the soda genes encoding manganese superoxide dismutases in vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio mimicus, and vibrio vulnificus.	sequencing of fur titration assay-positive clones obtained from genomic dna libraries of vibrio parahaemolyticus, v. mimicus and v. vulnificus revealed open reading frames encoding proteins of 202, 205 and 202 amino acid residues, respectively. each open reading frame was preceded by a predicted fur box which overlaps a likely promoter with similarity to the -10 and -35 consensus sequence of escherichia coli. the deduced amino acid sequences shared considerable homology with bacterial mn-contain ...	2001	11293479
differential expression of vibrio vulnificus elastase gene in a growth phase-dependent manner by two different types of promoters.	elastase activity of vibrio vulnificus was highly dependent on growth phase, reached a maximum during the stationary phase, and was regulated at the level of transcription. the stationary phase production of elastase in crp or rpos mutants, which were constructed by allelic exchanges, decreased about 3- and 10-fold, respectively. however, the promoter activity of vvpe encoding elastase was unaffected by those mutations in the log phase when analyzed using a vvpe-lux fusion. a primer extension an ...	2001	11297524
effect of sub-mics of antibiotics on the hydrophobicity and production of acidic polysaccharide by vibrio vulnificus.	subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics, which can occur in vivo, have been demonstrated to alter the production of bacterial virulence factors, including the capsule, or the interaction between microorganism and phagocyte by affecting surface hydrophobicity.	2001	11306787
regulation of metalloprotease gene expression in vibrio vulnificus by a vibrio harveyi luxr homologue.	expression of the vibrio vulnificus metalloprotease gene, vvp, was turned up rapidly when bacterial growth reached the late log phase. a similar pattern of expression has been found in the metalloprotease gene of vibrio cholerae, and this has been shown to be regulated by a vibrio harveyi luxr-like transcriptional activator. to find out whether a luxr homologue exists in v. vulnificus, a gene library of this organism was screened by colony hybridization using a probe derived from a sequence that ...	2001	11157950
cloning and characterization of a periplasmic nuclease of vibrio vulnificus and its role in preventing uptake of foreign dna.	we have cloned a nuclease gene, vvn, from vibrio vulnificus, an estuarine bacterium that causes wound infections and septicemia in humans and eels. the gene contained a 696-bp open reading frame encoding 232 amino acids (aa), including a signal sequence of 18 aa. the deduced amino acid sequence of the mature nuclease predicted a molecular mass of 25 kda, which was confirmed by vital stain, and a pi of 8.6. vvn was produced in the periplasm of either v. vulnificus or recombinant escherichia coli ...	2001	11133431
smcr-dependent regulation of adaptive phenotypes in vibrio vulnificus.	vibrio vulnificus contains homologues of the v. harveyi luxr and luxs genes. a null mutation in smcr (luxr) resulted in a defect in starvation survival, inhibition of starvation-induced maintenance of culturability that occurs when v. vulnificus is starved prior to low-temperature incubation, and increased expression of stationary-phase phenotypes.	2001	11133972
antacid increases survival of vibrio vulnificus and vibrio vulnificus phage in a gastrointestinal model.	viable counts of three strains of vibrio vulnificus and its phage were determined during exposure to a mechanical gastrointestinal model with or without antacid for 9 h at 37 degrees c. v. vulnificus was eliminated (>4-log reduction) within 30 min in the gastric compartment (ph decline from 5.0 to 3.5). viable v. vulnificus cells delivered from the gastric compartment during the first 30 min of exposure reached 10(6) to 10(8) cfu/ml in the intestinal compartment after 9 h (ph 7.0). phages were e ...	2001	11425699
[necrotizing dermatitis due to vibrio vulnificus].	vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative halophilic pathogen for man that can cause septicemia in patients with chronic liver disease. in healthy subjects, infections are generally local or regional. we report two cases of necrotizing dermo-hypodermitis due to vibrio vulnificus.	2001	11427803
[rapidly progressive and fatal multiple organ failure and necrosis of lower extremities due to vibrio vulnificus sepsis].		2001	11460358
purification and characterization of a vulnificolysin-like cytolysin produced by vibrio tubiashii.	an extracellular cytolysin from vibrio tubiashii was purified by sequential hydrophobic interaction chromatography with phenyl-sepharose cl-4b and gel filtration with sephacryl s-200. this protein is sensitive to heat and proteases, is inhibited by cholesterol, and has a molecular weight of 59,000 and an isoelectric point of 5.3. in addition to lysing various erythrocytes, it is cytolytic and/or cytotoxic to chinese hamster ovary cells, caco-2 cells, and atlantic menhaden liver cells in tissue c ...	2001	11472951
vibrio vulnificus septicemia in a patient with the hemochromatosis hfe c282y mutation.	vibrio vulnificus is an extremely invasive gram-negative bacillus found in marine waters that causes overwhelming bacteremia and shock that is associated with high mortality. impaired iron metabolism has been implicated in the susceptibility to v vulnificus bacterial infections. we report a case of fatal v vulnificus sepsis in a 56-year-old man who died within 1 to 3 days after consuming raw seafood. at autopsy, he was found to have micronodular cirrhosis and iron overload. postmortem genetic an ...	2001	11473471
comparison of selective media for the detection of vibrio vulnificus in environmental samples.	to compare two selective agars, cellobiose-colistin (cc) agar and a modification of the vibrio vulnificus medium (vvmc agar), for the isolation of vibrio vulnificus from environmental samples.	2001	11473597
isolation and characterization of a vibrio vulnificus mutant deficient in both extracellular metalloprotease and cytolysin.	we isolated a vibrio vulnificus mutant that was deficient in both metalloprotease and cytolysin by allelic exchange. the virulence of this mutant in mice and its cytotoxicity for hep-2 cells were comparable to those of the wild-type strain, indicating that neither factor was essential for these properties. the cytolysin, but not the protease, seemed to be important for causing damage in the alimentary tract of the mice.	2001	11500479
heterogeneity of environmental, retail, and clinical isolates of vibrio vulnificus as determined by lipopolysaccharide-specific monoclonal antibodies.	the opportunistic pathogen vibrio vulnificus expresses lipopolysaccharide (lps) antigens on its outer membrane surface. a serological typing system was developed for these antigens, utilizing the discriminatory recognition of monoclonal antibodies (mab) by elisa. mab were used to recognize five unique types of lps-associated antigens for examination of clinical. environmental, and retail isolates of v. vulnificus. the overall serotype profile of the clinical isolates was significantly different ...	2001	11510655
[vibrio vulnificus. a marine bacterium with lethal potential].	vibrio vulnificus is a halophilic gram-negative rod widespread in the aquatic environment and associated with primary septicemia and severe wound infections. the first swedish case was reported in 1994. ever since, sporadic cases have occurred in the south of sweden whenever the coastal water temperature has exceeded 20 degrees c. critical for a successful outcome in these infections has been early diagnosis with appropriate antibiotic and surgical treatment. a review of this subject was prompte ...	2001	11526658
the importance of serum creatine phosphokinase level in the early diagnosis, and as a prognostic factor, of vibrio vulnificus infection.	vibrio vulnificus infection causes rapidly progressive skin lesions and sepsis in compromised hosts with liver cirrhosis, and is often fatal. early diagnosis and rapid treatment are important.	2001	11531792
essential role for estrogen in protection against vibrio vulnificus-induced endotoxic shock.	little is known about the underlying mechanisms that result in a sexually dimorphic response to vibrio vulnificus endotoxic shock. v. vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium, considered one of the most invasive and rapidly fatal human pathogens known. however, 85% of individuals that develop endotoxic shock from v. vulnificus are males. using the rat, we have developed a model for v. vulnificus endotoxic shock that mimics the sexually dimorphic response in humans. gonadectomy in females results ...	2001	11553550
cloning and characterization of a blue fluorescent protein from vibrio vulnificus.	the blue fluorescent protein (bfpvv) gene bfpvv from vibrio vulnificus ckm-1 was cloned and sequenced. the transformants exhibited blue fluorescence when irradiated by uv source. nucleotide sequence analysis predicted an orf of 717 bp encoding a 239-amino-acid polypeptide with a calculated molecular mass of 25.8 kda. the nucleotide sequence of the bfpvv gene and its deduced amino acid sequence showed significant homology to those of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (sdr) family proteins f ...	2001	11554735
[vibrio vulnificus infection of the soft tissues].		2001	11555919
field testing of a vaccine against eel diseases caused by vibrio vulnificus.	the field results of a vaccination programme against vibrio vulnificus serovar e (biotype 2) in a spanish eel farm are reported. a total of 9.5 million glass eels were vaccinated from january 1998 to march 2000 by prolonged immersion followed by 2 subsequent reimmunisations after 12 to 14 and 24 to 28 d, respectively. the acquired protection and the immune response against serovar e were estimated over a period of 6 mo after vaccination. a similar vaccination schedule was conducted with elvers i ...	2001	11558727
transmission to eels, portals of entry, and putative reservoirs of vibrio vulnificus serovar e (biotype 2).	vibrio vulnificus serovar e (formerly biotype 2) is the etiologic agent that is responsible for the main infectious disease affecting farmed eels. although the pathogen can theoretically use water as a vehicle for disease transmission, it has not been isolated from tank water during epizootics to date. in this work, the mode of transmission of the disease to healthy eels, the portals of entry of the pathogen into fish, and their putative reservoirs have been investigated by means of laboratory a ...	2001	11571177
snakebite complicated with vibrio vulnificus infection.	snakebite may be complicated with bacteria infections, most of which are gram-negative bacillus. snakebite complicated with vibrio vulnificus infection has not been reported previously. vibrio vulnificus infection is characterized by a necrotizing wound infection similar to the local lesion of severe snakebite. in vibrio infections, aggressive debridement with the administration of strong antibiotics as early as possible is the only effective treatment. we report a 79-y-o man who suffered from s ...	2001	11577933
vibrio vulnificus cytolysin induces superoxide anion-initiated apoptotic signaling pathway in human ecv304 cells.	previous studies showed that exposure to vibrio vulnificus cytolysin (vvc) caused characteristic morphologic changes and dysfunction of vascular structures in lung. vvc showed cytotoxicity for mammalian cells in culture and acted as a vascular permeability factor. in this study, the underlying mechanisms of vvc-induced cytotoxicity was investigated on ecv304 cell, a human vascular endothelial cell line. when cells were exposed to 0.4 hemolytic units (hu) of vvc, consecutive apoptotic events were ...	2001	11591724
identification of a group 1-like capsular polysaccharide operon for vibrio vulnificus.	virulence of vibrio vulnificus correlates with changes in colony morphology that are indicative of a reversible phase variation for expression of capsular polysaccharide (cps). encapsulated variants are virulent with opaque colonies, whereas phase variants with reduced cps expression are attenuated and are translucent. using tnphoa mutagenesis, we identified a v. vulnificus cps locus, which included an upstream ops element, a wza gene (wza(vv)), and several open reading frames with homology to c ...	2001	11598064
the c-terminal domain promotes the hemorrhagic damage caused by vibrio vulnificus metalloprotease.	vibrio vulnificus, an opportunistic human pathogen, produces a 45-kda zinc metalloprotease (v. vulnificus protease; vvp) as an important virulence determinant. vvp injected intradermally into the dorsal skin causes the hemorrhagic damage through specific degradation of type iv collage in the vascular basement membrane. the n-terminal 35-kda polypeptide (vvp-n), the catalytic domain, also evoked the hemorrhagic skin reaction within minutes. however, the hemorrhagic activity of vvp-n was one-third ...	2001	11600151
vibrio vulnificus as a health hazard for shrimp consumers.	over the last 30 years, a number of vibrio species found in the aquatic environment have been indicated as cause of disease in human beings. vibrio vulnificus is an emergent pathogen, an invasive and lethal marine bacterium related to wound infection and held accountable for gastroenteritis and primary septicemia. it occurs quite frequently in marine organisms, mainly in mollusks. this study aimed at isolating and identifying strains of v. vulnificus based upon the analysis of twenty samples of ...	2001	11696848
a fatal case of vibrio vulnificus presenting as septic arthritis.	vibrio vulnificus is an invasive gram-negative bacillus that may cause necrotizing cellulitis, bacteremia, and/or sepsis. although v vulnificus infection is uncommon, it is frequently fatal and is usually attributed to ingestion of raw shellfish or traumatic exposure to a marine environment; patients are also often found to have a hepatic disorder (cirrhosis, alcohol abuse, or hemochromatosis) or an immunocompromised health status, and most commonly present with septicemia or a wound infection. ...	2001	11718594
effects of bacteria on the growth of an amoeba infecting the gills of turbot.	we analysed the influence of various bacteria on the in vitro growth of trophozoites of a platyamoeba strain isolated from diseased gill tissues of cultured turbot. little or no growth was shown by amoebae cultured in the presence of (1) the turbot-pathogenic bacteria vibrio anguillarum, aeromonas salmonicida or streptococcus sp., (2) pasteurella piscicida or vibrio vulnificus (pathogenic for some fishes but not turbot), or (3) the non-pathogenic 'environmental' bacteria vibrio campbelli, vibrio ...	2001	11411647
levels of vibrio vulnificus and organoleptic quality of raw shellstock oysters (crassostrea virginica) maintained at different storage temperatures.	temperature abuse during raw oyster harvesting and storage may allow for the multiplication of natural spoilage flora as well as microbial pathogens, thus posing a potential health threat to susceptible consumers and compromising product quality. the objective of this study was to provide a scientific basis for determining whether different refrigeration and abuse temperatures for raw oysters would result in a spoiled product before it became unsafe. raw shellstock oysters (crassostrea virginica ...	2001	11726149
growth and recovery of selected gram-negative bacteria in reconditioned wastewater.	previous reports indicate that escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella spp., and vibrio cholerae can grow in nutrient-limited, reconditioned wastewater over the temperature range of 4 to 46 degrees c when the biological oxygen demand of this water is <2, while its coliform growth response (cgr) is >2. in the current study, we investigated the growth response of vibrio parahaemolyticus, shigella spp., vibrio vulnificus, and pseudomonas aeruginosa in water samples with a cgr of >2 over the temperatur ...	2001	11726156
characterization of a vibrio vulnificus lysr homologue, hupr, which regulates expression of the haem uptake outer membrane protein, hupa.	in vibrio vulnificus, the ability to acquire iron from the host has been shown to correlate with virulence. here, we show that the dna upstream of hupa (haem uptake receptor) in v. vulnificus encodes a protein in the inverse orientation to hupa (named hupr). hupr shares homology with the lysr family of positive transcriptional activators. a hupa-lacz fusion contained on a plasmid was transformed into fur(-), fur(+)and hupr(-)strains of v. vulnificus. the beta-galactosidase assays and northern bl ...	2001	11747377