Publications

characterization of a plasmid-borne and constitutively expressed blamox-1 gene encoding ampc-type beta-lactamase.	a 1954-bp dna fragment containing the blamox-1 gene, identified on a large resident plasmid (prmox-1) of klebsiella pneumoniae nu2936, was sequenced and an open reading frame (orf) coding for a 390-amino-acid (aa) mox-1 was found. the total deduced aa sequence of mox-1 shared considerable homology with that of ampc-type class c beta-lactamases of gram- bacteria, especially of pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1 [51.3%; 63.8% at the nucleotide (nt) level]. however, the regulatory gene ampr and a 38-bp am ...	1994	8112596
enterobacter cloacae in a neonatal intensive care unit: account of an outbreak and its relationship to use of third generation cephalosporins.	after uneventful use of cefotaxime and ceftazidime as first line therapy for three years in our neonatal intensive care unit we isolated cephalosporin-resistant enterobacter cloacae (crec) strains which caused clusters of cases or colonization and/or serious neonatal infection. by using two or more typing methods, at least five different strains with similar patterns of antimicrobial sensitivities were identified. the results of a case-control study did not support the notion that the use of thi ...	1994	7897189
microbiological changes in mawè during natural fermentation.	lactic acid bacteria increased from 3.2 × 10(6) and 1.6 × 10(7) c.f.u./g (wet wt) to 2 × 10(9) and 1.6 × 10(9) c.f.u./g after 12 to 24 h of fermentation of home-produced mawè (a dough produced from dehulled maize) and commercial mawè, respectively. in commercial mawè, the yeast count increased from 1.3 × 10(5) to 2.5 × 10(7) c.f.u./g after 48 h of fermentation before decreasing, whereas in the home-produced mawè it increased from 2.5 × 10(4) to 3.2 × 10(7) c.f.u./g after 72 h of fermentation; th ...	1994	24421087
isolation and characterization of restriction endonuclease eclhki from an enterobacter cloacae strain.	an enterobacter cloacae strain, producing restriction enzyme eclhki, was isolated from a decaying potato. the enzyme is an isoschizomer of eam1105i, which recognizes and cleaves gacnnn!nngtc. eclhki was produced at high activity (4×10(4) u/g wet cells) and was purified from contaminants which interfere with restriction digestion by passing the cell lysate through deae-sephacel and heparin columns. activity was optimal at 37°c in a medium salt buffer.	1994	24420881
three years clinical experience with intestinal transplantation.	after the successful evolution of hepatic transplantation during the last decade, small bowel and multivisceral transplantation remains the sole elusive achievement for the next era of transplant surgeons. until recently, and for the last thirty years, the results of the sporadic attempts of intestinal transplantation worldwide were discouraging because of unsatisfactory graft and patient survival. the experimental and clinical demonstration of the superior therapeutic efficacy of fk 506, a new ...	1994	7522850
cefixime use in children: when and why.		1995	22514398
antimicrobial activity of ceftriaxone compared with cefotaxime in the presence of serum albumin.	the effect of serum albumin on the antimicrobial activity of ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and a 1:1 ratio of cefotaxime and its desacetyl metabolite against nonpseudomonal gram-negative bacilli was determined. antimicrobial activity of drugs was evaluated by measuring minimum inhibitory (mic) and bactericidal (mbc) concentrations in broth with and without human serum albumin. the analysis of logarithmically transformed mean mics and mbcs showed that there was a highly significant interaction between ...	1995	22514377
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1992). i. susceptibility distribution].	the frequencies of isolation and susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents were investigated on 732 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in 11 hospitals during the period of june 1992 to may 1993. of the above total bacterial isolates, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 35.4% and a majority of them were enterococcus faecalis. gram-negative bacteria accounted for 64.6% and most of them were escherichia coli. 1. enterococcus faecalis ampicillin (abpc), imipenem ( ...	1995	8558754
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1993). i. susceptibility distribution].	the frequencies of isolation and susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents were investigated on 657 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in 10 hospitals during the period of june 1993 to may 1994. of the above total bacterial isolates, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 28.3% and a majority of them were enterococcus faecalis. gram-negative bacteria accounted for 71.7% and most of them were escherichia coli. 1. enterococcus faecalis ampicillin (abpc), imipenem ( ...	1995	8558757
typing of sequential bacterial isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.	we typed 39 sets of multiple bacterial isolates of the same species from patients by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic dna (pfge). isolates were cultured from different sites or over a 2-week or longer interval. staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and enterobacter cloacae were tested. excluding e. cloacae, 28 of 32 sets of isolates (87%) demonstrated only identical or highly related pfge types. four of the seven ...	1995	8582134
the relationship between antecedent antibiotic use and resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in group i beta-lactamase-producing organisms.	gram-negative pathogens are increasingly resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (escs). using a prospective, case-controlled observational study, we examined the prevalence and the risk factors for development of resistance to escs in group i beta-lactamase-producing organisms. of the 386 isolates of enterobacter species, pseudomonas aeruginosa, citrobacter species, and serratia marsescens from 340 consecutive patients, 70 (18.1%) were resistant to escs; the highest rates of resistance we ...	1995	8589129
in vitro antibacterial properties of t-5575 and t-5578 novel parenteral 2-carboxypenams.	t-5575 and t-5578, novel 2-carboxypenams in which a carboxyl group has been introduced into the c-2 beta position of the nucleus, were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial properties. the spectrum of activity of t-5575 was similar to that of aztreonam. however, it showed stronger activities than those of aztreonam against most gram-negative bacteria. t-5575 also showed potent activities against isolates of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, and pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to ...	1995	8593021
antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase among clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria in riyadh.	the activity of ciprofloxacin, imipenem and 12 other commonly used antibiotics was evaluated against 106 documented clinical isolates from a medical intensive care unit (icu). the resistance rates to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, aztreonam and ceftazidime were 42, 25, 24 and 21%, respectively. apart from pseudomonas aeruginosa, all isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and imipenem. complete cross resistance among tested beta-lactam groups was uniformly evident in enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter ...	1995	8667034
[an investigation into antibiotic resistance and plasmid pattern of enterobacter cloacae in burn infection].	in view of a high positive isolation rate and resistance to antibiotics of enterobacter cloacae in our department, 32 strains of e. cloacae, which were isolated from blood and infected wounds of burned patients from june through november 1990, were randomly selected to determine their susceptibility to 21 antibiotics and their plasmid patterns. it was found that 29 of 32 strains were resistant to at least nine antibiotics, while the other three strains were relatively sensitive. 27 of 32 strains ...	1995	8697242
[pathogenic bacteria isolated from the sputum of the patients with pulmonary emphysema].	isolated pathogenic bacteria from sputum of the patients with pulmonary emphysema who were admitted in our hospital from 1984 to 1994 were examined to elucidate the relationship between isolated bacteria from sputum and pulmonary functions including vital capacity (vc), forced expiratory volume (fev1.0), pao2 and paco2. vc of the patients from whom mssa (methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus) or enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) were isolated was significantly lower than that of the pati ...	1995	8708405
a comparative study of the bbl crystal enteric/nonfermenter identification system and the biomerieux api20e and api20ne identification systems after overnight incubation.	the bbl crystal enteric/nonfermenter (crystal, becton dickinson microbiology systems) is a new multi-test identification system for gram negative rods requiring no oil overlay or addition of reagents. one hundred and three selected gram negative rod isolates from routine clinical specimens were tested in parallel using the appropriate api20e or api20ne (biomerieux) reading after overnight incubation. the isolates included in the study, and the number tested, were as follows: acinetobacter sp, 8; ...	1995	8771156
[utility of pyrrolidonyl-arylamidase detection for typing enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria].	detection of pyrrolidonyl-aryl-amidase activity (pyr) is an important tool to identify gram-positive cocci, such as staphylococci, enterococci, streptococci, and other related genera. however, only few studies evaluating its usefulness with gram-negative rods have been published. thus, a prospective study including 542 and 215 unique clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae and non-fermentative gram-negative rods, respectively, was undertaken. strains were identified by conventional methods. pyr ...	1995	8850133
[plasmid size determination using 3 methods].	analysis of bacterial plasmid profiles has been shown to be very important in epidemiological studies, especially those involving outbreaks of nosocomial infections. the molecular weight size of unknown plasmids is determined by comparing their band pattern obtained in agarose gel electrophoresis with those obtained with plasmids that have been used as molecular weight or size standards. in this study, we determined the size of plasmids present in clinical samples of enterobacter cloacae compari ...	1995	8850340
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1990). i. susceptibility distribution].	the frequencies of isolation and susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents were investigated on 848 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in 10 hospitals during the period of june 1990 to may 1991. of the above total bacterial isolates, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 23.9% and a majority of them were enterococcus faecalis. gram-negative bacteria accounted for 76.1% and most of them were escherichia coli. 1. enterococcus faecalis: ampicillin (abpc), imipenem ...	1995	8544334
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1991). i. susceptibility distribution].	the frequencies of isolation and susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents were investigated on 751 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in 11 hospitals during the period of june 1991 to may 1992. of the above total bacterial isolates, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 28.6% and a majority of them were enterococcus faecalis. gram-negative bacteria accounted for 71.4% and most of them were escherichia coli. 1. enterococcus faecalis ampicillin (abpc), imipenem ( ...	1995	8544337
pyrolysis mass spectrometry of cephalosporin-resistant enterobacter cloacae.	thirteen clinical and four environmental isolates of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant enterobacter cloacae (crec) together with single isolates from the hands of a nurse and from a blood gas analyser were associated with two clusters of nosocomial infection. with an unrelated crec isolate they had been typed by serotype, biotype, ribotype and phage-type and were examined by pyrolysis mass spectrometry (pyms) as described here. pyms data yielded two clusters, major and minor. all except o ...	1995	8551027
ascorbate as an induction inhibitor of beta-lactamase in a strain of enterobacter cloacae.	the effect of ascorbate and anaerobiosis of beta-lactamase content (constitutive and inducible) in relation to the susceptibility of a standard strain of enterobacter cloacae to ampicillin was studied. enterobacter cloacae atcc 13047 showed increasing susceptibility to ampicillin when incubated anaerobically in the presence of increasing concentrations of ascorbic acid. the inducible beta-lactamase activity in the cell-free extracts of ent. cloacae decreased when the bacterium was grown aerobica ...	1995	8554767
enterobacter cloacae is an endophytic symbiont of corn.	the bacterium enterobacter cloacae is presently used for biocontrol of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables and as a preplant seed treatment for suppression of damping-off. this bacterium has apparent affinities for several grass species, but it is not considered to be an endophyte. while screening corn for fungi and bacteria with potential for biocontrol of various corn diseases, the surface-sterilized kernels of one unknown italian corn cultivar produced fungus-free corn seedlings wit ...	1995	7659140
nosocomial bacteremia-induced increases in abscess formation correlate with in vitro upregulation of macrophage procoagulant activity.	to evaluate the hypothesis that sublethal exposure to common nosocomial pathogens can alter the host response to a later, distant infectious insult (peritonitis and intraperitoneal abscess formation), and that these changes are related to the induction of macrophage procoagulant activity.	1995	7664558
an outbreak of enterobacter cloacae associated with contamination of a blood gas machine.	over a 3-month period, five cases of enterobacter cloacae bacteraemia occurred on our neonatal unit. in at least three of these, isolation of the organism coincided with clinical deterioration and evidence of sepsis. in one case, the same strain was isolated from an abscess on the neonate's forearm. the isolates had identical sensitivity patterns being resistant to all beta-lactams tested except imipenem. the extended time course of the infections made cross-infection an unlikely explanation. mo ...	1995	7673746
structure and oxygen sensitivity of nifla promoter of enterobacter cloacae.	the nucleotide sequence of the nifla promoter of enterobacter cloacae e26 was determined, and the transcription start site of nifla was mapped by the primer extension. studies on the oxygen regulation of e. cloacae nifla promoter with the nifl'-lacz fusion showed that the nifla promoter was sensitive to oxygen as klebsiella pneumoniae nifla promoter reported previously. comparison between the nifla promoter sequences of e. cloacae and k. pneumoniae revealed the presence of an 11-bp conserved seq ...	1995	7695817
synthesis and biological activity of 7-alkylidenecephems.	several 7-alkylidenecephalosporins were synthesized and biologically evaluated as beta-lactamase inhibitors. the three beta-lactamase enzymes used in this study included two type c beta-lactamases, derived from enterobacter cloacae p99 and e. cloacae sc12368, and one type a beta-lactamase, derived from escherichia coli wc3310. of the cephalosporins prepared, compound 7e, the sodium salt of 7-[(z)-(2'-pyridyl)methylene]cephalosporanic acid sulfone, was found to have excellent inhibitory propertie ...	1995	7699694
[bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of sy5555 dry syrup in the pediatric field].	bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on sy5555 dry syrup (powder which is dissolved before use), a new penem antibiotic for oral use, were performed. the following results were obtained. 1. antibacterial activities. mics of sy5555, clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (cva/ampc), cefotiam (ctm), cefpodoxime (cpdx), cefaclor (ccl) and cefdinir (cfdn) were determined against clinically isolated staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus ...	1995	7699846
in vitro pharmacodynamics of piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and ciprofloxacin alone and in combination against staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa.	the time-kill curve methodology was used to determine the pharmacodynamics of piperacillin, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin-tazobactam and the combinations piperacillin-ciprofloxacin and ciprofloxacin-piperacillin-tazobactam. kill curve studies were performed for piperacillin, ciprofloxacin, and piperacillin-tazobactam at concentrations of 0.25 to 50 times the mics for 13 strains of bacteria: four pseudomonas aeruginosa, three enterobacter cloacae, three klebsiella pneumoniae, and three staphylococc ...	1995	7486906
characterization of rhizosphere colonization by luminescent enterobacter cloacae at the population and single-cell levels.	a bioluminescence marker system was used to characterized colonization of the rhizosphere by a bacterial inoculum, both in terms of population activity and at the single-cell level. plasmid pqf70/44, which contains luxab genes under the control of a strong constitutive phage promoter, was introduced into the rhizobacterium and model biocontrol agent enterobacter cloacae. light output from the lux-modified strain was detected by luminometry of samples from growing cultures of e. cloacae and from ...	1995	7487027
comparative antimicrobial activities of the penem wy-49605 (sun5555) against recent clinical isolates from five u.s. medical centers.	the in vitro activity of wy-49605 (sun5555) (wy) was compared with those of cefaclor, cefixime, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid against 2,958 consecutive clinical isolates from five medical centers and 402 respiratory pathogens from 18 other facilities. most members of the family enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by wy (mic at which 50% of the isolates are inhibited [mic50], < or = 2.0 micrograms/ml). mic90s of > or = 8.0 micrograms/ml were observed for enterobacter cloacae, serratia spp., and p ...	1995	7492110
disinfection of dental stone casts: antimicrobial effects and physical property alterations.	the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of disinfecting solutions incorporated into dental stone casts against a standard and representative group of microorganisms and to note changes in the physical properties of the casts.	1995	7498603
isolation and sequence analysis of rpoh genes encoding sigma 32 homologs from gram negative bacteria: conserved mrna and protein segments for heat shock regulation.	the rpoh genes encoding homologs of escherichia coli sigma 32 (heat shock sigma factor) were isolated and sequenced from five gram negative proteobacteria (gamma or alpha subgroup): enterobacter cloacae (gamma), serratia marcescens (gamma), proteus mirabilis (gamma), agrobacterium tumefaciens (alpha) and zymomonas mobilis (alpha). comparison of these and three known genes from e.coli (gamma), citrobacter freundii (gamma) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (gamma) revealed marked similarities that should ...	1995	7501460
monoclonal antibodies to pseudomonas pseudomallei and their potential for diagnosis of melioidosis.	monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for pseudomonas pseudomallei antigens were produced by immunizing balb/c mice with a crude whole cell extract. hybrids secreting mabs specific for p. pseudomallei antigens were identified by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) against a panel of crude whole cell extracts from p. pseudomallei, p. cepacia, p. aeruginosa, p. putida, p. alcaligenes, xanthomonas maltophilia, klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, salmonel ...	1995	7535014
biological and immunological comparisons of enterobacter cloacae and escherichia coli porins.	bacteriocin susceptibilities indicate that during cloacin df13 uptake the f porin of enterobacter cloacae plays a similar role to that reported for the ompf porin of escherichia coli during colicin a entry. the translocatory activities of these two porins during the bacteriocin uptake can be substituted by the porins d and ompc, respectively, under conditions not requiring the receptor binding step. using anti-peptide antibodies, a peptide located in the internal loop l3 of the escherichia coli ...	1995	7541759
a brain abscess due to multiply-resistant enterobacter cloacae successfully treated with meropenem.		1995	7548516
multidrug resistance in klebsiella pneumoniae: a novel gene, rama, confers a multidrug resistance phenotype in escherichia coli.	spontaneous multidrug-resistant (mdr) mutants of klebsiella pneumoniae strain ecl8 arose at a frequency of 2.2 x 10(-8) and showed increased resistance to a range of unrelated antibiotics, including chloramphenicol, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, norfloxacin, trimethoprim and puromycin. a chromosomal fragment from one such mutant was cloned, and found to confer an mdr phenotype on escherichia coli k12 cells that was essentially identical to that of the k. pneumoniae mutant. almost com ...	1995	7551053
microbial surveillance of human islet isolation, in vitro culture, and cryopreservation.	the aim of these studies was to investigate microbiological contamination during the isolation and preservation of islets of langerhans in a low-temperature tissue bank. islets were isolated from the pancreases of 117 organ donors, then cryopreserved. in the initial 47, microbial culture was completed only after thawing: enterobacter cloacae (n = 4) and gram-negative bacilli (n = 9) were isolated for a positive culture rate of 27.6%. it was not possible to ascertain the source of the contaminant ...	1995	7554583
in vitro antibacterial activities of fk037: a new parenteral cephalosporin.	the antibacterial and bactericidal activities and the stability of fk037 to beta-lactamases were investigated and compared with those of cefpirome, flomoxef, ceftazidime, ceftizoxime, and vancomycin. against clinical isolates of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, fk037 was less active than vancomycin but more potent than the other drugs tested. among highly methicillin-resistant staphylococci (mic for methicillin: 200 mg/l or higher), none of the strains were ...	1995	7555206
pharmacodynamic effects of meropenem on gram-negative bacteria.	the in vitro initial killing and post-antibiotic effect (pae) of meropenem on five gram-negative reference strains were evaluated by bioluminescence assay of bacterial adenosine triphosphate (atp) and viable count. morphology studies were performed in parallel. meropenem showed concentration-dependent long (2-5 h) paes on enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia marcescens when assayed by bioluminescence and induced spheroplasts at almost ...	1995	7556226
effects of mutations and deletions on expression of the enterobacter cloacae ompx gene.	the enterobacter cloacae outer membrane protein ompx is involved in resistance to beta-lactams, and possesses virulence characteristics. to gain more insight into the genetic elements that are important for ompx expression, several mutations were introduced at, and immediately upstream of, the n-terminus of the ompx coding sequence. these mutations enabled us to delete the 5' untranslated region and the signal peptide coding sequence. the former led to decreased ompx expression, indicating an un ...	1995	7557297
activation of human endothelial cells by viable or heat-killed gram-negative bacteria requires soluble cd14.	in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lps; endotoxin), endothelial cells are converted to an activation phenotype expressing both proinflammatory and procoagulant properties that include the induction of leukocyte adhesion molecules and tissue factor expression. lps-induced endothelial cell activation requires a soluble form of the monocyte lps receptor, scd14. we evaluated the capacity of multiple strains of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria to induce endothelial e-selectin and t ...	1995	7558318
loss of porins following carbapenem-resistance selection and adherence modification in enterobacteria.	the acquired resistance to the carbapenems is frequently joined to modified expression of porins or other outer membrane (om) structures, thus bacterial adherence, that also depends on the presence of peculiar surface structures, might theoretically be influenced. in this study the ability to adhere to hep-2 and i-407 eukaryotic cell monolayers was assayed for two susceptible strains of serratia marcescens, one strain of enterobacter cloacae and one of providencia rettgeri in comparison with tha ...	1995	7562008
ceftibuten: a review of antimicrobial activity, spectrum and other microbiologic features.	ceftibuten is a new, orally administered cephalosporin with exceptional beta-lactamase stability and potency against commonly isolated gram-negative pathogens. more than 90% of recent enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates were inhibited by < or = 8 micrograms/ml of ceftibuten. in only five enteric species (citrobacter freundii, enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter cloacae, morganella morganii, serratia marcescens) were more than 15% of strains resistant (minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic, wi ...	1995	7567314
bacterial pneumonia in recipients of bone marrow transplantation. a five-year prospective study.	bacterial pneumonia as an important complication of bone marrow transplantation (bmt) has not been subjected to comprehensive analysis. two hundred fifty-five consecutive allogeneic and autologous bmt recipients, ranging in age from 1 month to 53 years, were prospectively followed for 3 days to 3 years (median, 108 days) for development of bacterial pneumonia. etiology, place acquired, chest radiography, and outcome were recorded and the association between bacterial pneumonia and demographic an ...	1995	7570975
poly(ethylene glycol)-doxorubicin conjugates containing beta-lactamase-sensitive linkers.	7-aminocephalosporin doxorubicin (ac-dox) was condensed with monomethoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-propionic acid n-hydroxysuccinimide ester (5 kda) or with a branched form of poly(ethylene glycol)-propionic acid n-hydroxysuccinimide ester (10 kda), forming m-peg-ac-dox and b-peg-ac-dox, respectively. these polymer drug derivatives were designed such that doxorubicin would be released upon enterobacter cloacae beta-lactamase (bl)-catalyzed hydrolysis. both m-peg-ac-dox (ic50 = 80 microm) and b-peg-ac ...	1995	7578358
role of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the design of dosage schedules for 12-h cefotaxime alone and in combination with other antibiotics.	pharmacodynamic principles have provided important tools to evaluate and compare antimicrobial agents, and well as to guide dosing. for beta-lactams, time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) has surfaced as the most important factor. however, the area under the inhibitory serum concentration time-curve (auic) may be superior when appropriate dosing intervals are selected. although the target time over the mic is unclear in humans even when concentrations remain continuously above th ...	1995	7587053
effects of tazobactam on the frequency of the emergence of resistant strains from enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, and proteus vulgaris (beta-lactamase derepressed mutants).	when enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, and proteus vulgaris were treated with piperacillin (pipc) in combination with tazobactam (taz), the in vitro frequency of emergence of resistant strains (beta-lactamase producing mutants) was lower than with pipc or ceftazidime (caz) treated bacteria. in a mouse intraperitoneal infection model caused by e. cloacae, beta-lactamase derepressed mutants were detected following therapy with pipc or caz, although no derepressed mutants were detected af ...	1995	7592048
control-related effective regrowth time and post-antibiotic effect of meropenem on gram-negative bacteria studied by bioluminescence and viable counts.	a study was performed to compare viable counts and bioluminescence for determining control related effective regrowth time (cert) and postantibiotic effect (pae) on gram-negative bacteria after two hours of exposure to meropenem. there was a good correlation between bioluminescence and viable counts in determining the cell numbers in growing cultures of escherichia coli. cert was defined as the time required for the resumption of logarithmic growth and an increase of 1 log10 to occur over the pr ...	1995	7592171
inhibitory action of metabolites of pseudomonas aeruginosa against gram-negative bacteria.	fifty clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested for inhibition of growth of clinical isolates of escherichia coli, salmonella infantis, klebsiella pneumoniae and other gram-negative bacteria in the authors' laboratory. pseudomonas aeruginosa was strongly active against both e. coli and enterobacter cloacae, with 89.4% and 94.7% inhibition respectively, but weakly active against s. infantis, k. pneumoniae and proteus mirabilis with 56.3%, 48.8% and 23.8% inhibition, respectively. th ...	1995	7594787
multicentre comparative study on the antibacterial activity of fk-037, a new parenteral cephalosporin.	the in vitro antibacterial activity of fk-037, a new parenteral cephalosporin structurally related to cefpirome and cefepime, was compared with that of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, cefpirome, cefepime, imipenem and meropenem against 1,837 clinical isolates obtained from three spanish hospitals. fk-037 inhibited 90% of enterobacteriaceae isolates at < or = 0.25 microgram/ml, with the exception of enterobacter aerogenes (mic90 1 microgram/ml), enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii ( ...	1995	7614970
breakdown of the stereospecificity of dd-peptidases and beta-lactamases with thiolester substrates.	with peptide analogues of their natural substrates (the glycopeptide units of nascent peptidoglycan), the dd-peptidases exhibit a strict preference for d-ala-d-xaa c-termini. gly is tolerated as the c-terminal residue, but with a significantly decreased activity. these enzymes were also known to hydrolyse various ester and thiolester analogues of their natural substrates. some thiolesters with a c-terminal leaving group that exhibited l stereochemistry were significantly hydrolysed by some of th ...	1995	7626006
surveillance of oral cultures for enterobacteriaceae during bone marrow transplantation.	bone marrow-transplanted patients can suffer from severe life-threatening infections. oral bacterial cultures were collected from a group of 40 patients prior to and following bone marrow transplantation every 3 days, following initial preparation and eradication of oral infections. the samples were grown on the titertek-enterobac kit specific for enterobacteriaceae. in 426 oral cultures 30.5% grew gram-negative bacteria, 76.6% of them were enterobacteriaceae. young male patients had 8.3% positi ...	1995	7627090
regressions and cures of melanoma xenografts following treatment with monoclonal antibody beta-lactamase conjugates in combination with anticancer prodrugs.	cephalosporin doxorubicin (c-dox) and 7-(4-carboxybutanamido)-cephalosporin mustard (ccm) are prodrugs that are catalytically converted by enterobacter cloacae beta-lactamase (bl) to the active anticancer agents doxorubicin and phenylenediamine mustard, respectively. both prodrugs were less cytotoxic to the 3677 human melanoma line than their respective drugs and were activated in an immunologically specific manner by 96.5-bl, a mab-bl conjugate that binds to 3677 cell surface antigens. similar ...	1995	7627964
antimicrobial activity of 11 newer and investigational drugs tested against aerobic isolates from spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.	the in vitro susceptibility of 124 aerobic bacterial pathogens isolated from patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (sbp) were tested against 11 antimicrobial agents, including parenteral or oral cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. most sbp isolates were gram-negative organisms, and escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae were responsible for 63% of the episodes evaluated. the fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin) and the "fourth-generation" cephalosporin cefpirome were the ...	1995	7628189
comparative evaluation of orally active antibiotics against community-acquired pathogens: a multi-center study in five mediterranean countries.	in 5 mediterranean countries 7902 pathogens, all isolated in 1992 and 1993 from community-acquired infections, were studied for susceptibility to the following orally active antibiotics: penicillin g, ampicillin, ampicillin + sulbactam, amoxycillin + clavulanic acid (both 2:1 ratio), cefalexin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefetamet, doxycycline and erythromycin. ten centers in italy, 4 centers in greece, 3 centers in spain, and 1 center in lebanon and saudi arabia contributed to this study; all center ...	1995	7629552
different biological conditions influencing bacterial adherence assay.	adherence of bacteria to animal cells is considered the first step in the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases. the most suitable techniques developed in vitro to check the capacity of bacteria to adhere to different tissues use monolayers of established cell lines. we studied the influence of incubation time (1, 2, 3 hours), cell substrates (hep-2, h-407) and the number of bacteria per cell (1, 10, 100, 1000) on the adherence index (number of adherent bacteria per cell determined by microsc ...	1995	7629566
effect of beta-lactamase expression on susceptibility of local isolates of enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens and pseudomonas aeruginosa to beta-lactam antibiotics.	during surveillance studies, a total of 66 strains of gram-negative bacilli (28 enterobacter cloacae, 20 serratia marcescens and 18 pseudomonas aeruginosa) with a reduced susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins, aztreonam and amikacin were isolated from documented infections. all isolates were highly susceptible to imipenem and sparfloxacin. beta-lactamase activity was demonstrated in all isolates of e. cloacae and s. marcescens, and in 77% of p. aeruginosa isolates. inducible beta-lac ...	1995	7656665
environmental contamination by organisms causing urinary tract infection.	we have examined the bedsheets, floor and bedside chairs of 33 patients with urinary tract infections for organisms causing urinary infection. in ten patients the causative organism was recovered from the undersheet, and in two of these it was also recovered from the floor and bedside chair. escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae and enterococcus faecalis were recovered from sheets, while group b beta-haemolytic streptococci and candida tropicalis were also found on floors ...	1995	7658010
investigation of helicobacter pylori ascorbic acid oxidating activity.	helicobacter pylori sonicate was shown to oxidize ascorbic acid. ascorbic acid oxidation was determined by chromatography combined with electrochemical detection. water soluble ascorbic acid oxidase activity was rather independent of ph with a ph optimum around 2. by gel filtration the oxidizing activity co-eluted with an absorbency peak at 408 nm. the relative molecular mass (mr) was approximately 14,000. it is suggested that this oxidating activity was caused by a cytochrome c-like molecule. a ...	1995	7773246
characterization of an lysr family protein, smer from serratia marcescens s6, its effect on expression of the carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase sme-1, and comparison of this regulator with other beta-lactamase regulators.	serratia marcescens s6 produces a chromosomally encoded carbapenem-hydrolyzing class a beta-lactamase, sme-1 (t. naas, l. vandel, w. sougakoff, d. m. livermore, and p. nordmann, antimicrob. agents chemother. 38:1262-1270, 1994). upstream from smea we identified a second open reading frame (embl accession number z30237). this encodes a 33.1-kda protein, smer, which has a high degree of homology with nmcr, the lysr regulatory protein of the only other sequenced carbapenem-hydrolyzing class a beta- ...	1995	7793864
purification and characterization of extracellular alginate lyase from enterobacter cloacae m-1.	an alginate lyase from the culture supernatant of enterobacter cloacae m-1 was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, cation-exchange chromatography (sp-toyopearl), and gel filtration (ultrogel aca44). the final preparation thus obtained showed a single band on sds-page. the purified enzyme had the molecular weight of 38,000 and 32,000 by sds-page and gel filtration, respectively. the pi of the enzyme was 8.9. the optimum ph and temperature for the enzyme reaction were around 7.8 and 30 deg ...	1995	7772828
relative importances of outer membrane permeability and group 1 beta-lactamase as determinants of meropenem and imipenem activities against enterobacter cloacae.	the roles of outer membrane permeability and bush group 1 beta-lactamase activity in determining enterobacter cloacae susceptibility to either meropenem or imipenem were investigated. a beta-lactamase-deficient strain was obtained by mutagenesis from a clinical isolate of e. cloacae, and a porin-deficient strain was selected from this mutant with cefoxitin. both strains were transformed with the plasmid paa20r, which contained the gene coding for the carbapenem-hydrolyzing cpha beta-lactamase, a ...	1995	7726496
in vitro activity of bms-181139, a new carbapenem with potent antipseudomonal activity.	the in vitro activities of the carbapenem bms-181139 were determined in comparison with those of imipenem, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and vancomycin. bms-181139 was the most active against species of pseudomonas and related genera alteromonas and burkholderia, with mics for 147 of 149 isolates of < 4 micrograms/ml. of 22 imipenem-resistant (mic > 8 micrograms/ml) p. aeruginosa strains, only 1 required an mic of bms-181139 of > 4 micrograms/ml, compared with 14 requiring the same mero ...	1995	7726502
cephalosporin derivatives of doxorubicin as prodrugs for activation by monoclonal antibody-beta-lactamase conjugates.	the synthesis of a series of cephalosporin doxorubicin derivatives that differ with respect to the substituent at position 7 of the cephem nucleus is described. these compounds are designed as prodrugs of doxorubicin for activation by monoclonal antibody-beta-lactamase conjugates. the key step in the synthesis of this series of compounds involves the use of the phenylacetamido group as an enzymatically removable protecting group for the 7-amino group on the cephem. in vitro cytotoxicity assays w ...	1995	7731023
the microbial flora in venous leg ulcers without clinical signs of infection. repeated culture using a validated standardised microbiological technique.	the change of ulcer size in relation to the presence of species and quantities of microorganisms was analysed in 58 patients with venous leg ulcers, all without clinical signs of infection. microbiological samples were taken on the day of inclusion and then repeated 4 times at monthly intervals or until the ulcer had healed or was too small to be cultured from. there was growth of microorganisms in all ulcers, and the numbers were below 10(4) per mm2 of ulcer surface in all cases. no correlation ...	1995	7747531
[nationwide survey on susceptibilities of clinical isolates to antibacterial agents in 1991].	this study was conducted to investigate susceptibilities of clinical isolates to different antibacterial agents at 123 hospital laboratories throughout japan from september to december of 1991. in this study, identifications and susceptibility testings were carried out at each hospital laboratory. the susceptibility testing were performed using the disk dilution method recommended by nccls. staphylococcus aureus and cns showed high or moderate resistance rates to methicillin (dmppc). streptococc ...	1995	7752454
emergence and mechanisms of bacterial resistance in surgical infections.	antimicrobial resistance is commonplace among bacteria involved in surgical infections, including staphylococcus aureus, enterococci, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, and bacteroides species. resistance traits can be encoded on chromosomes or transmissible plasmids. the basic mechanisms of resistance are alteration of drug target, prevention of drug access to target, and drug inactivation. examples include alteration of penicillin-binding proteins in resistance to p ...	1995	7755162
bacteremia due to vancomycin-dependent enterococcus faecium.	a recipient of small-bowel and liver transplants developed recurrent fever and polymicrobial bacteremia due to multiply resistant enterobacter cloacae and an inducible vanb strain of enterococcus faecium while receiving therapy with amikacin, imipenem, and vancomycin. these organisms could not be subcultured onto blood agar but did grow around the vancomyin disk on a direct-susceptibility test plate. additional testing confirmed the strain as e. faecium, which would not grow in the absence of va ...	1995	7756503
in vitro and in vivo activities of a doxorubicin prodrug in combination with monoclonal antibody beta-lactamase conjugates.	a cephalosporin derivative of doxorubicin (c-dox) was evaluated as a prodrug for activation by mab conjugates of the beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae p99 (beta l; ec 3.5.2.6). the conjugates consisted of beta l and the f(ab') fragments of either of the mabs l6, p1.17, or 96.5. l6 binds to antigens on a variety of carcinomas, including the two lung adenocarcinoma cell lines h2981 and h2987 used in this study. 96.5 binds to the melanoma-associated antigen p97, and p1.17 was used for the co ...	1995	7757987
a pseudoepidemic due to laboratory contamination deciphered by molecular analysis.	a clinical, microbiological, and molecular analysis to identify the source of a cluster of pseudoinfections.	1995	7759823
identification and characterization of an outer membrane protein, ompx, in escherichia coli that is homologous to a family of outer membrane proteins including ail of yersinia enterocolitica.	we previously reported that a region of the escherichia coli chromosome at 18 min increased e sigma e activity when cloned in multicopy (j. mecsas, p. e. rouviere, j. w. erickson, t. j. donohue, and c. a. gross, genes dev. 7:2618-2628, 1993). in the present report, we identify and characterize the gene responsible for the increase in e sigma e activity. this gene is in a monocistronic operon with two promoters and a rho-independent terminator. sequence analysis of this gene indicated that it enc ...	1995	7836315
variability of peptidoglycan structural parameters in gram-negative bacteria.	muropeptide composition of peptidoglycan from the gram-negative bacteria aeromonas sp., acinetobacter acetoaceticus, agrobacterium tumefaciens, enterobacter cloacae, proteus morganii, pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas putida, vibrio parahaemolyticus yersinia enterocolitica and escherichia coli, was analyzed by hplc. in all instances peptidoglycan was built up from the same subunits. a wide disparity in the relative abundance of muropeptides and all structural parameters was observed. the contr ...	1995	7867925
synthesis and biological activity of novel cephalosporins containing a (z)-vinyl dimethylphosphonate group.	a series of cephalosporins containing a novel 7-[2-(z)-(2-amino-thiazol-4- yl)-3-(dimethoxy-phosphoryl)-acryloylamino] group were prepared and their antibacterial activity measured against a range of pathogens. in general the compounds displayed a broad spectrum of activity against both gram positive and gram negative organisms, except pseudomonas aeruginosa. activity against the latter could be achieved by introducing a catechol moiety at the 3 position of the cephalosporin. the methyl phosphon ...	1995	7868393
molecular evolution of a class c beta-lactamase extending its substrate specificity.	enterobacter cloacae gc1, a clinical strain isolated in 1992 in japan, was found to produce a chromosomal class c beta-lactamase with extended substrate specificity to oxyimino beta-lactam antibiotics, significantly differing from the known e. cloacae beta-lactamases such as the p99 beta-lactamase. the 1560 nucleotides including the gc1 beta-lactamase gene were sequenced, and the amino acid sequence of the mature enzyme comprising 364 amino acids was deduced. a comparison of the amino acid seque ...	1995	7890700
steady-state kinetics of the binding of beta-lactams and penicilloates to the second binding site of the enterobacter cloacae p99 beta-lactamase.	previous research has shown that the class c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99 is able to catalyze the hydrolysis and aminolysis of acyclic depsipeptides. the steady kinetics of these reactions are complicated by the presence of an additional (depsi)peptide binding site in addition to the active site [pazhanisamy, s., & pratt, r. f. (1989) biochemistry 28, 6875-6882]. the present paper presents a steady-state kinetic analysis of the inhibition of depsipeptide hydrolysis by sodium benzyl ...	1995	7893652
inactivation of the enterobacter cloacae p99 beta-lactamase by a fluorescent phosphonate: direct detection of ligand binding at the second site.	the synthesis of a fluorescent beta-lactamase inhibitor, p-nitrophenyl [(dansylamido)methyl]-phosphonate is described. the compound inactivated the class c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99 with stoichiometric release of p-nitrophenol, presumably, as with other phosphonate inhibitors, by phosphonylation of the active site serine. the inhibited enzyme exhibited typical dansyl fluorescence emission at 533 nm with excitation maxima at 345 and 283 nm; the latter excitation peak probably ari ...	1995	7893653
interrepeat fingerprinting of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant enterobacter cloacae isolated during an outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit.	to investigate an outbreak in neonates of enterobacter cloacae infection resistant to third-generation cephalosporins.	1995	7897170
[clinical and laboratory significance of inducible beta-lactamases].	many species of bacteria have inducible expression of beta-lactamase and the enzyme production in these bacteria is normally held at a low level by a repressor mechanism, but in the presence of a beta-lactamase inducer this repression is lifted and enzyme production is greatly increased. inducible synthesis of beta-lactamase was first described for the gram-positive organism bacillus licheniformis. after that inducible expression of beta-lactamase was discovered in gram-negative bacteria like en ...	1995	8643019
biochemical profiles and serotypes of nosocomial enterobacter cloacae strains in northern norway: biochemical identification problems with commercial test systems.	during a period of 2 years, 118 strains of enterobacter cloacae were collected consecutively in connection with nosocomial infections in northern norway; identified by conventional methods and by the api 20e system. the api 20e profile 3305573 predominated and was present in 73 of 118 strains. among 96 serotyped strains, 73 were serotypable, 20 nontypable and two polyagglutinable. predominating serotypes were 3 (29 strains), 8 (21 strains) and 23 (nine strains). when the api 20e profiles of the ...	1995	8655203
in vitro activity of cefpirome against selected clinical enterobacterial isolates with beta-lactamase-mediated resistance.	previous studies have shown that there is a high incidence of resistance to cephalosporins among enterobacteria isolated in greek hospitals. this resistance is mainly due to either the derepression of chromosomal cephalosporinases or the acquisition of plasmids coding for shv-5 type beta-lactamase. in the present study the activity of cefpirome against a number of enterobacteria (escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes and serratia marcescens) posses ...	1995	8655212
susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria isolated from a paediatric hospital environment to antibiotics.	the majority of tested gram-negative strains isolated from the hospital environment were resistant to 6-14 used antibiotics. the greatest resistance was shown by three strains: enterobacter cloacae, proteus mirabilis and ps. maltophilia, which were resistant to all tested drugs. the most effective antibiotic was gentamicin, at least against half of bacteria belonging to enterobacteriaceae family, to 90% of strains from pseudomonas genus and to all other gram-negative rods. cephtazidim, cephotaxi ...	1995	8960247
the danger of infections of the hospitalized patients with the microorganisms present in preparations and in the hospital environment.	two strains-s. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococcus, resistant to antibiotics, were isolated from previously non-opened preparations made by the hospital pharmacy and industrially produced. after application in the surgery ward, two enterobacter agglomerans strains, resistant to antibiotics were detected in oral mixtures. the resistant bacteria, b. cereus and 4 strains of ps. aeruginosa, were also found in the purified water. in hospital environment 9 strains of staphylococci, resistant ...	1995	8960248
polymicrobial gram-negative bacteremia associated with saline solution flush used with a needleless intravenous system.	during a 2-week period, seven cases of nosocomial polymicrobial gram-negative rod bacteremia occurred on a 39-bed medical and cardiac step-down unit. combinations of enterobacter cloacae (seven isolates), klebsiella pneumoniae (five isolates), and citrobacter freundii (two isolates) were isolated from blood cultures.	1995	8821111
[in process citation].	the author describes three cases of pirogenic reaction in patients in treatment with hemodialysis: pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacter cloacae were isolated from water of dyalisis machines. he, moreover, analyses different antibacterial decontamination systems	1995	15034312
comparative activity of cefepime with several antimicrobials against aerobic gram-negative and gram-positive organisms isolated from patients across canada in 1993.	to compare the activity of cefepime, a fourth-generation cephalosporin, with several available antimicrobials, in vitro susceptibility studies were carried out on bacteria commonly associated with various infections, including sepsis. ten tertiary care hospital laboratories in six provinces provided 1276 clinically relevant isolates of aerobic gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci during 1993. when the activity of each of the antimicrobials was determined against all isolates submitted, ...	1995	22514408
comparative activity of several antimicrobial agents against nosocomial gram-negative rods isolated across canada.	in 1992, a surveillance study was performed in canada to determine the susceptibility of nosocomial gram-negative rods to several wide spectrum antimicrobials. consecutive isolates from 10 institutions, as well as additional strains of selected species of enterobacteriaceae that are known to possess the bush group 1 beta-lactamase, were tested for susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials. third-generation cephalosporin resistance was found to be as high as 29% in enterobacter cloacae that possesses t ...	1995	22416207
transient in vivo selection of a constitutively cephalosporin resistant enterobacter cloacae causing ventriculitis.	a case of neonatal ventriculitis complicating a ventriculoperitoneal shunt and caused by one strain of enterobacter cloacae (as shown on pulsed field gel electrophoresis) is presented. daily ventricular fluid cultures from day 1 to 9 revealed inducible cephalosporin resistance in all isolates except on days 3, 4 and 5 of therapy when isolates were constitutively resistant. this emergence of resistance due to constitutive bush class 1 beta-lactamase production is an excellent example of the rapid ...	1995	22514381
glutathione-s-transferase activity and metabolism of glutathione conjugates by rhizosphere bacteria.	glutathione-s-transferase (gst) activity was determined in 36 species of rhizosphere bacteria with the substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (cdnb) and in 18 strains with the herbicide alachlor. highest levels of cdnb-gst activity (60 to 222 nmol (middot) h(sup-1) (middot) mg(sup-1)) were found in gram-negative bacteria: enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter diversus, klebsiella planticola, pseudomonas cepacia, pseudomonas fluorescens, pseudomonas putida, and xanthomonas campestris. there was very l ...	1995	16534956
antibiotic resistance of bacterial strains isolated from children in child health center, warsaw.	this study examines the antibiotic susceptibility of 1792 bacterial strains isolated from hospitalized children between january and december 1993. a total of 1015 gram-negative rods represented by members of enterobacteriaceae family (770) and nonfermenters (245) were isolated. the most resistant strains were noticed among klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter cloacae. from 38% to 46% of k. pneumoniae strains were resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, but all of them were sensitive to i ...	1995	18611665
comparative in vitro activity of l-ofloxacin and fk037 to other agents against 10,040 fresh clinical isolates.	fresh clinical isolates collected from november 1, 1992 through november 1, 1993, were tested by agar dilution against 26 different antimicrobial agents including fk037 and l-ofloxacin. among the 10 040 organisms tested were staphylococcus aureus (n = 1222), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa, n = 455), staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 533), staphylococcus hominis (n = 90), staphylococcus hemolyticus (n = 89), streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 144), escherichia coli (n = 2326), klebsie ...	1996	18611710
sulbactam and clavulanic acid: enzyme kinetics and synergy with ampicillin and mezlocillin.	the two beta-lactamase inhibitors, sulbactam and clavulanic acid, exhibit high affinity (k(i) < 10(-6)mol/l) for the beta-lactamases of gram-negative organisms with predominantly penicillinase activity and much less affinity (especially clavulanic acid) for organisms with predominantly cephalosporinase activity. in tests to compare the synergy of these beta-lactamase inhibitors with other antibiotics, clavulanic acid and ampicillin or mezlocillin demonstrated greater synergy than sulbactam and a ...	1996	18611714
low prevalence of gastrointestinal colonization with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in high risk units in a canadian tertiary care centre.	to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria among patients receiving care in high risk units in a canadian tertiary care centre.	1996	22514455
incidence and susceptibility of aerobic gram-negative bacilli from 20 canadian intensive care units: 1989-1993.	to assess the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in canadian intensive care units.	1996	22514414
enterobacter kobei sp. nov., a new species of the family enterobacteriaceae resembling enterobacter cloacae.	the name enterobacter kobei sp. nov. is proposed for a group of organisms referred to as nih group 21 at the national institute of health, tokyo. the members of this species are gram-negative, motile rods conforming to the definition of the family enterobacteriaceae. the dna relatedness of 23 strains of nih group 21 to the representative proposed as the type strain of this species averaged 82% at 70 degrees c, whereas the relatedness to other species within the family enterobacteriaceae was less ...	1996	8824173
the role of n-actylglucosaminyl-1,6 anhydro n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid-d-alanine for the induction of beta-lactamase in enterobacter cloacae.	the mechanism of beta-lactamase induction in enterobacter cloacae which is linked to the peptidoglycan recycling, was investigated by hplc analysis of cell wall fragments in genetically defined cells. it is demonstrated here that the transmembrane protein ampg transports not only the precursor muropeptide of m-tripeptide (n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid), the d-tripeptide (n-actylglucosaminyl-1,6 anhydro n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid), ...	1996	8837381
group of peptides that act synergistically with hydrophobic antibiotics against gram-negative enteric bacteria.	a synthetic peptide, kffkffkffk [corrected], consisting of cationic lysine residues and hydrophobic phenylalanine residues was found to sensitize gram-negative bacteria to hydrophobic and amphipathic antibiotics. at a concentration of 3 micrograms/ml, it decreased the mic of rifampin for smooth, encapsulated escherichia coli by a factor of 300. other susceptible bacterial species included enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, and salmonella typhimurium, but pseudomonas aeruginosa was resi ...	1996	8843284
in vitro and in vivo activities of lb10522, a new catecholic cephalosporin.	in vitro activity of lb10522 was compared with those of cefpirome, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and cefoperazone against clinical isolates. against gram-positive bacteria, lb10522 was most active among the compounds tested. it was fourfold more active than cefpirome against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecalis. lb10522 was highly effective against most members of the family enterobacteriaceae tested. ninety percent of isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella oxyto ...	1996	8843288
comparison of three different in vitro methods of detecting synergy: time-kill, checkerboard, and e test.	an in vitro method of detecting synergy which is simple to perform, accurate, and reproducible and has the potential for clinical extrapolation is desirable. time-kill and checkerboard methods are the most widely used techniques to assess synergy but are time-consuming and labor-intensive. the epsilometer test (e test), a less technically demanding test, has not been well studied for synergy testing. we performed synergy testing of escherichia coli atcc 35218, enterobacter cloacae atcc 23355, ps ...	1996	8843303
comparative characterization of the cephamycinase blacmy-1 gene and its relationship with other beta-lactamase genes.	a plasmidic beta-lactamase which hydrolyzed cephamycins was first detected and reported in 1989. at that time its description was restricted to phenotypic characteristics. we analyzed nucleotide sequence of its gene and explored it genetic relationship with other bla genes. the deduced amino acid sequence of the blacmy-1 product was compared with those of other known plasmidic cephamycinases and of chromosomal ampc beta-lactamases. the results indicate that the relationship of cmy-1 is closest t ...	1996	8843306