Publications

coevolution in rhizobium-legume symbiosis?	legume nodules, specialized structures for nitrogen fixation, are probably the result of coevolution of plants and ancestral rhizobia. among the evolutionary processes leading to legume radiation and divergence, coevolution with rhizobia might have occurred. alternatively, bacteria could have been constantly selected by plants, with bacteria slightly influencing plant evolution (required to fulfill the criteria for a coevolutionary hypothesis). evidence of bacterial effects on plant evolution is ...	2009	19485766
genetic diversity and distribution of bradyrhizobium and azorhizobium strains associated with the herb legume zornia glochidiata sampled from across senegal.	herb legumes have great potential for rehabilitation of semi-arid degraded soils in sahelian ecosystems as they establish mutualistic symbiosis with n(2)-fixing rhizobia. a phylogenetic analysis was performed for 78 root nodule bacteria associated with the common sahelian herb legume zornia glochidiata reichb ex dc in senegal. based on its (rdna16s-23s) and reca sequences, these strains were shown to belong to the two genera bradyrhizobium and azorhizobium. strains of this latter, although frequ ...	2009	19493641
aerobic vanillate degradation and c1 compound metabolism in bradyrhizobium japonicum.	bradyrhizobium japonicum, a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing soil bacterium, has multiple gene copies for aromatic degradation on the genome and is able to use low concentrations of vanillate, a methoxylated lignin monomer, as an energy source. a transcriptome analysis indicated that one set of vana1b, pcag1h1, and genes for c(1) compound catabolism was upregulated in b. japonicum usda110 cells grown in vanillate (n. ito, m. itakura, s. eda, k. saeki, h. oomori, t. yokoyama, t. kaneko, s. tabata, t. oh ...	2009	19502448
investigative mining of sequence data for novel enzymes: a case study with nitrilases.	mining sequence data is increasingly important for biocatalysis research. however, when relying on sequence data alone, prediction of the reaction catalyzed by a specific protein sequence is often elusive, and substrate specificity is far from trivial. the present study demonstrated an approach of combining sequence data and structures from distant homologs to target identification of new nitrilases that specifically utilize hindered nitrile substrates like mandelonitrile. a total of 212 non-ide ...	2009	19539670
vigna mungo, v. radiata and v. unguiculata plants sampled in different agronomical-ecological-climatic regions of india are nodulated by bradyrhizobium yuanmingense.	vigna mungo, vigna radiata and vigna unguiculata are important legume crops cultivated in india, but little is known about the genetic resources in native rhizobia that nodulate these species. to identify these bacteria, a core collection of 76 slow-growing isolates was built from root nodules of v. mungo, v. radiata and v. unguiculata plants grown at different sites within three agro-ecological-climatic regions of india. the genetic diversity of the bacterial collection was assessed by restrict ...	2009	19541444
comparison of rhizobacterial community composition in soil suppressive or conducive to tobacco black root rot disease.	work on soils suppressive to thielaviopsis basicola-mediated tobacco black root rot has focused on antagonistic pseudomonads to date. the role of non-pseudomonas rhizosphere populations has been neglected, and whether they differ in black root rot-suppressive versus -conducive soils is unknown. to assess this possibility, tobacco was grown in a suppressive and a conducive soil of similar physicochemical properties, and rhizobacterial community composition was compared using a 16s rrna taxonomic ...	2009	19554036
the phyr-sigma(ecfg) signalling cascade is involved in stress response and symbiotic efficiency in bradyrhizobium japonicum.	phyr is an unusual type of response regulator consisting of a receiver domain and an extracytoplasmic function (ecf) sigma factor-like domain. it was recently described as a master regulator of general stress response in methylobacterium extorquens. orthologues of this regulator are present in essentially all free-living alphaproteobacteria. in most of them, phyr is genetically closely linked to a gene encoding an ecf sigma factor. here, we investigate the role of these two regulators in the soy ...	2009	19555458
multilocus sequence analysis of bradyrhizobia isolated from aeschynomene species in senegal.	this study reports the multilocus sequence analysis (mlsa) of nine house-keeping gene fragments (atpd, dnak, glna, glnb, glta, gyrb, reca, rpob and thrc) on a collection of 38 bradyrhizobium isolated from aeschynomene species in senegal, which had previously been characterised by several phenotypic and genotypic techniques, allowing a comparative analysis of mlsa resolution power for species delineation in this genus. the nifh locus was also studied to compare house-keeping and symbiotic gene ph ...	2009	19556090
bradyrhizobium spp. and sinorhizobium fredii are predominant in root nodules of vigna angularis, a native legume crop in the subtropical region of china.	adzuki bean (vigna angularis) is an important legume crop native to china, but its rhizobia have not been well characterized. in the present study, a total of 60 rhizobial strains isolated from eight provinces of china were analyzed with amplified 16s rrna gene rflp, igs-rflp, and sequencing analyses of 16s rrna, atpd, reca, and nodc genes. these strains were identified as genomic species within rhizobium, sinorhizobium, mesorhizobium, bradyrhizobium, and ochrobactrum. the most abundant groups w ...	2009	19557346
diversity, regulation, and evolution of the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway in fungi compared to plants and bacteria.	bioactive gibberellins (gas) are diterpene plant hormones that are biosynthesized through complex pathways and control diverse aspects of growth and development. gas were first isolated as metabolites of a fungal rice pathogen, gibberella fujikuroi, since renamed fusarium fujikuroi. although higher plants and the fungus produce structurally identical gas, significant differences in their ga pathways, enzymes involved and gene regulation became apparent with the identification of ga biosynthetic ...	2009	19560174
bradyrhizobium pachyrhizi sp. nov. and bradyrhizobium jicamae sp. nov., isolated from effective nodules of pachyrhizus erosus.	several strains isolated from the legume pachyrhizus erosus were characterized on the basis of diverse genetic, phenotypic and symbiotic approaches. these novel strains formed two groups closely related to bradyrhizobium elkanii according to their 16s rrna gene sequences. strains pac48t and pac68t, designated as the type strains of these two groups, presented 99.8 and 99.1% similarity, respectively, in their 16s rrna gene sequences with respect to b. elkanii usda 76t. in spite of these high simi ...	2009	19567584
analysis of genes encoding the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-degrading enzyme from sphingomonas agrestis 58-1.	a 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-d)-degrading bacterium, strain 58-1, was newly isolated from soil samples collected in the fukuoka prefecture, japan, and grown on an enrichment culture medium containing 2,4-d as the sole carbon source. phylogenic analysis identified strain 58-1 as sphingomonas agrestis. in 2,4-d degraders, classes i, ii, and iii inherit the tfda, cada, and tfdaalpha genes, respectively, and the results from degenerate-pcr indicated that this strain belongs to the class ii ...	2009	19577193
phylogeny and taxonomy of a diverse collection of bradyrhizobium strains based on multilocus sequence analysis of the 16s rrna gene, its region and glnii, reca, atpd and dnak genes.	the genus bradyrhizobium encompasses a variety of bacteria that can live in symbiotic and endophytic associations with legumes and non-legumes, and are characterized by physiological and symbiotic versatility and broad geographical distribution. however, despite indications of great genetic variability within the genus, only eight species have been described, mainly because of the highly conserved nature of the 16s rrna gene. in this study, 169 strains isolated from 43 different legumes were ana ...	2009	19628593
expression of bradyrhizobium japonicum cbb(3) terminal oxidase under denitrifying conditions is subjected to redox control.	bradyrhizobium japonicum utilizes cytochrome cbb(3) oxidase encoded by the fixnoqp operon to support microaerobic respiration under free-living and symbiotic conditions. it has been previously shown that, under denitrifying conditions, inactivation of the cyca gene encoding cytochrome c(550), the electron donor to the cu-containing nitrite reductase, reduces cbb(3) expression. in order to establish the role of c(550) in electron transport to the cbb(3) oxidase, in this work, we have analyzed cbb ...	2009	19659724
phenotypic, genomic and phylogenetic characteristics of rhizobia isolated from root nodules of robinia pseudoacacia (black locust) growing in poland and japan.	rhizobial strains, rescued from the root nodules of robinia pseudoacacia growing in japan and poland, were characterized for the phenotypic properties, genomic diversity as well as phylogeny and compared with the reference strains representing different species and genera of nodule bacteria. they had a moderately slow growth rate, a low tolerance to antibiotics, a moderate resistance to nacl and produced acid in yeast mannitol agar. cluster analysis based on the phenotypic features divided all b ...	2009	19669127
a periplasmic thioredoxin-like protein plays a role in defense against oxidative stress in neisseria gonorrhoeae.	thioredoxin-like proteins of the tlpa/rese/ccmg subfamily are known to face the periplasm in gram-negative bacteria. using the tlpa gene of bradyrhizobium japonicum as a query, we identified a locus (ngo1923) in neisseria gonorrhoeae that encodes a thioredoxin-like protein (ng_tlpa). bioinformatics analysis indicated that the predicted ng_tlpa protein contained a cleavable signal peptide at the n terminus, and secondary structure analysis identified a thioredoxin fold with a helical insertion (a ...	2009	19687198
endophytic occupation of peanut root nodules by opportunistic gammaproteobacteria.	several bacterial isolates were recovered from surface-sterilized root nodules of arachis hypogaea l. (peanut) plants growing in soils from córdoba, argentina. the 16s rdna sequences of seven fast-growing strains were obtained and the phylogenetic analysis showed that these isolates belonged to the phylum proteobacteria, class gammaproteobacteria, and included pseudomonas spp., enterobacter spp., and klebsiella spp. after storage, these strains became unable to induce nodule formation in arachis ...	2009	19054642
heme-dependent metalloregulation by the iron response regulator (irr) protein in rhizobium and other alpha-proteobacteria.	perception and response to nutritional iron by bacteria is essential for viability, and for the ability to adapt to the environment. the iron response regulator (irr) is part of a novel regulatory scheme employed by rhizobium and other alpha-proteobacteria to control iron-dependent gene expression. bradyrhizobium japonicum senses iron through the status of heme biosynthesis to regulate gene expression, thus it responds to an iron-dependent process rather than to iron directly. irr mediates this ...	2009	19093075
analysis of the secretome of the soybean symbiont bradyrhizobium japonicum.	proteins from the supernatant of bradyrhizobium japonicum were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and stained with coomassie. this revealed more than 100 protein spots. sixty-eight proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. thirty-five are predicted to contain an n-terminal signal peptide characteristic for proteins transported by the general secretory pathway. most of these appear to be substrate-binding proteins of the abc transporter family. ten proteins were categorized as ...	2009	19095018
dynamics of carbon monoxide photodissociation in bradyrhizobium japonicum fixl probed by picosecond midinfrared spectroscopy.	the fixl proteins are heme-based bacterial oxygen sensors, distinct from globins in structure and ligand binding properties. to better understand the dynamics of ligand dissociation and binding within the pas domain fold of fixl, we have carried out picosecond visible pump-midinfrared probe spectroscopy on the isolated pas domain of fixl from bradyrhizobium japonicum. we employ the diatomic ligand co as a probe of the ligand-dissociation pocket dynamics; upon photoexcitation with a visible laser ...	2009	19108640
positive control of ferric siderophore receptor gene expression by the irr protein in bradyrhizobium japonicum.	ferric siderophore receptors are components of high-affinity iron-chelate transport systems in gram-negative bacteria. the genes encoding these receptors are generally regulated by repression. here, we show that the ferrichrome receptor gene bll4920 and four additional putative ferric siderophore receptor genes in bradyrhizobium japonicum are positively controlled by the regulatory protein irr, as observed by the low level of mrna transcripts in an irr mutant in iron-limited cells. potential irr ...	2009	19114488
effect of n oxyanions on anaerobic induction of nitrate reductase in subcellular fractions of bradyrhizobium sp. (lupinus).	anaerobic induction of nitrate reductase in subcellular fractions of bradyrhizobium sp. strain usda 3045 showed fivefold increase of the enzyme activity in spheroplasts, considered as the source of intact-membrane-bound nitrate reductase, within a 3 h time frame after nitrate addition. such a dynamics was confirmed at the protein level, with antibodies specific to membrane-bound nitrate reductase. nitrate reductase activity in the periplasm was one order of magnitude lower and significant only a ...	2009	19116769
gibberellin biosynthesis in bacteria: separate ent-copalyl diphosphate and ent-kaurene synthases in bradyrhizobium japonicum.	gibberellins are ent-kaurene-derived diterpenoid phytohormones produced by plants, fungi, and bacteria. the distinct gibberellin biosynthetic pathways in plants and fungi are known, but not that in bacteria. plants typically use two diterpene synthases to form ent-kaurene, while fungi use only a single bifunctional diterpene synthase. we demonstrate here that bradyrhizobium japonicum encodes separate ent-copalyl diphosphate and ent-kaurene synthases. these are found in an operon whose enzymatic ...	2009	19121310
transformed hairy roots of arachis hypogea: a tool for studying root nodule symbiosis in a non-infection thread legume of the aeschynomeneae tribe.	arachis hypogea is a non-"infection thread" (it) legume where rhizobial entry or dissemination in the nodules never involves it. rhizobia invade through epidermal "cracks" and directly access the cortical cells to develop the characteristic aeschynomenoid nodules. for investigating these nonclassical nodulation features in arachis spp., we developed an efficient procedure for agrobacterium rhizogenes r1000-mediated transformation of this plant. in this study, we optimized the induction of hairy ...	2009	19132866
asymmetric synthesis of both antipodes of beta-hydroxy nitriles and beta-hydroxy carboxylic acids via enzymatic reduction or sequential reduction/hydrolysis.	use of isolated carbonyl reductases in the reduction of aromatic beta-ketonitriles have completely eliminated the competing alpha-ethylation, which is often observed with whole cell biocatalysts. by choosing suitable recombinant carbonyl reductase, the reduction of beta-ketonitriles afforded (r)- or (s)-beta-hydroxy nitriles with excellent optical purity and yield. subsequently, nitrilase-catalyzed hydrolysis of the obtained optically pure beta-hydroxy nitriles led to the corresponding beta-hydr ...	2009	19161324
transcriptional activity of paddy soil bacterial communities.	bulk mrna was used to explore the transcriptional activity of bacterial communities in oxic versus anoxic paddy soil. two microbial cdna libraries were constructed from composite samples using semi-randomly primed rt-pcr. cdnas averaged 500-600 bp in length and were treated as expressed sequence tags (ests). clustering analysis of 805 random cdnas resulted in 179 and 155 different ests for the oxic and anoxic zones respectively. using an e-value threshold of e(-10), a total of 218 different ests ...	2009	19170728
assessment of bioaccumulation of heavy metals by different plant species grown on fly ash dump.	a field experiment was conducted on a 10-hectare area on fly ash dump at khaperkheda thermal power plant, nagpur, india, where different ecologically and economically important plant species were planted using bioremediation technology. the technology involves the use of organic amendment and selection of suitable plant species along with site-specific nitrogen-fixing strains of biofertilizers. the study was conducted to find out the metal accumulation potential of different plant species. the t ...	2009	19171381
the tep1 gene of sinorhizobium meliloti coding for a putative transmembrane efflux protein and n-acetyl glucosamine affect nod gene expression and nodulation of alfalfa plants.	soil bacteria collectively known as rhizobium, characterized by their ability to establish beneficial symbiosis with legumes, share several common characteristics with pathogenic bacteria when infecting the host plant. recently, it was demonstrated that a fadd mutant of sinorhizobium meliloti is altered in the control of swarming, a type of co-ordinated movement previously associated with pathogenicity, and is also impaired in nodulation efficiency on alfalfa roots. in the phytopathogen xanthomo ...	2009	19173735
genetic diversity and biogeography of rhizobia associated with caragana species in three ecological regions of china.	twenty-two genospecies belonging mainly to mesorhizobium, and occasionally to rhizobium and bradyrhizobium, were defined among the 174 rhizobia strains isolated from caragana species. highly similar nodc genes were found in the sole bradyrhizobium strain and among all the detected mesorhizobium strains. a clear correlation between rhizobial genospecies and the eco-regions where they were isolated was found using homogeneity analysis. all these results demonstrated that caragana species had strin ...	2009	19195810
multilocus sequence analysis of the genus bradyrhizobium.	the use of multilocus sequence analysis (mlsa) for the taxonomy of bradyrhizobium was assessed. we compared partial sequences for atpd, reca, gyrb, rpob and dnak for a set of reference strains representing named species and genospecies, and a number of new isolates from lupinus albus, arachis hypogaea and ornithopus compressus from spain. the phylogenies of the individual genes were compared with previous dna-dna hybridization results. high hybridization values were well reflected, but intermedi ...	2009	19201125
retama species growing in different ecological-climatic areas of northeastern algeria have a narrow range of rhizobia that form a novel phylogenetic clade within the bradyrhizobium genus.	sixty-seven isolates were isolated from nodules collected on roots of mediterranean shrubby legumes retama raetam and retama sphaerocarpa growing in seven ecological-climatic areas of northeastern algeria. genetic diversity of the retama isolates was analyzed based on genotyping by restriction fragment length polymorphism of pcr-amplified fragments of the 16s rrna gene, the intergenic spacer (igs) region between the 16s and 23s rrna genes (igs), and the symbiotic genes nifh and nodc. eleven hapl ...	2009	19231126
genomic comparison of bradyrhizobium japonicum strains with different symbiotic nitrogen-fixing capabilities and other bradyrhizobiaceae members.	comparative genomic hybridization (cgh) was performed with nine strains of bradyrhizobium japonicum (a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium associated with soybean) and eight other members of the bradyrhizobiaceae by dna macroarray of b. japonicum usda110. cgh clearly discriminated genomic variations in b. japonicum strains, but similar cgh patterns were observed in other members of the bradyrhizobiaceae. the most variable regions were 14 genomic islands (4-97 kb) and low g+c regions on the usda1 ...	2009	18971963
evidence from internally transcribed spacer sequence analysis of soybean strains that extant bradyrhizobium spp. are likely the products of reticulate evolutionary events.	the internally transcribed spacer (its) sequences of several members within each of 17 soybean bradyrhizobial serogroups were determined to establish whether the regions within all members of each serogroup were identical. the rationale was to provide a sequence-based alternative to serology. the objective also was to link the extensive older literature on soybean symbiosis based on serology with its sequence data for more recent isolates from both soybean and other legumes nodulated by rhizobia ...	2009	19011081
gs52 ecto-apyrase plays a critical role during soybean nodulation.	apyrases are non-energy-coupled nucleotide phosphohydrolases that hydrolyze nucleoside triphosphates and nucleoside diphosphates to nucleoside monophosphates and orthophosphates. gs52, a soybean (glycine soja) ecto-apyrase, was previously shown to be induced very early in response to inoculation with the symbiotic bacterium bradyrhizobium japonicum. overexpression of the gs52 ecto-apyrase in lotus japonicus increased the level of rhizobial infection and enhanced nodulation. these data suggest a ...	2009	19036836
impact of cadmium on the bacterial communities in the gut of metaphire posthuma.	the effects of cadmium (cd) contamination in soil onto the bacterial communities of the guts pooled from ten metaphire posthuma were addressed during 14 days' incubation. we found that about 50% of cd (5mg/kg, dry weight soil) in the contaminated soil was bio-accumulated into the earthworms. dna was extracted from the guts of m. posthuma and their dwelling soil irrespective of cd treatment for the analysis of the bacterial communities of guts in m. posthuma and in soil by pcr-dgge (polymerase ch ...	2009	19747774
distinct changes in soybean xylem sap proteome in response to pathogenic and symbiotic microbe interactions.	plant systemic signaling characterized by the long distance transport of molecules across plant organs involves the xylem and phloem conduits. root-microbe interactions generate systemic signals that are transported to aerial organs via the xylem sap. we analyzed the xylem sap proteome of soybean seedlings in response to pathogenic and symbiotic interactions to identify systemic signaling proteins and other differentially expressed proteins.	2009	19772575
previously uncultured beta-proteobacteria dominate in biologically active granular activated carbon (bac) filters.	bacteria colonizing bac filters used in drinking water purification from lake water were characterized by morphology, physiological tests, whole cell protein profiles and plfa (phospholipid fatty acid) composition, and identified by partial 16s rrna gene sequencing. epifluorescence revealed prothecate bacteria to dominate in bac. the majority of the isolates belonged to order burkholderiales of beta-proteobacteria, a few to comamonadaceae but the majority to an undescribed family and the related ...	2009	19783028
expression of small rnas in rhizobiales and protection of a small rna and its degradation products by hfq in sinorhizobium meliloti.	regulatory rna plays a pivotal role in the regulation of bacterial gene expression. here, five small rnas were studied in sinorhizobium meliloti - smrc15, smrc16, sra33, 6s and the signal recognition particle (srp) rna, which are conserved among at least seven different rhizobium and sinorhizobium species. the amount of smrc16 decreased in stationary phase, while the other rnas were up-regulated. the smallest changes, maximally 2-fold, were observed for 6s rna. in the distantly related bradyrhiz ...	2009	19800865
soybean lectin enhances biofilm formation by bradyrhizobium japonicum in the absence of plants.	soybean lectin (sbl) purified from soybean seeds by affinity chromatography strongly bound to bradyrhizobium japonicum usda 110 cell surface. this lectin enhanced biofilm formation by b. japonicum in a concentration-dependent manner. presence of galactose during biofilm formation had different effects in the presence or absence of sbl. biofilms were completely inhibited in the presence of both sbl and galactose, while in the absence of sbl, galactose was less inhibitory. sbl was very stable, sin ...	2009	20016675
bacterial ammeline metabolism via guanine deaminase.	melamine toxicity in mammals has been attributed to the blockage of kidney tubules by insoluble complexes of melamine with cyanuric acid or uric acid. bacteria metabolize melamine via three consecutive deamination reactions to generate cyanuric acid. the second deamination reaction, in which ammeline is the substrate, is common to many bacteria, but the genes and enzymes responsible have not been previously identified. here, we combined bioinformatics and experimental data to identify guanine de ...	2010	20023034
functional role of bradyrhizobium japonicum trehalose biosynthesis and metabolism genes during physiological stress and nodulation.	trehalose, a disaccharide accumulated by many microorganisms, acts as a protectant during periods of physiological stress, such as salinity and desiccation. previous studies reported that the trehalose biosynthetic genes (otsa, tres, and trey) in bradyrhizobium japonicum were induced by salinity and desiccation stresses. functional mutational analyses indicated that disruption of otsa decreased trehalose accumulation in cells and that an otsa trey double mutant accumulated an extremely low level ...	2010	20023090
phosphatidylcholine levels of peanut-nodulating bradyrhizobium sp. semia 6144 affect cell size and motility.	phosphatidylcholine, the major phospholipid in eukaryotes, is found in rhizobia and in many other bacteria interacting with eukaryotic hosts. phosphatidylcholine has been shown to be required for a successful interaction of bradyrhizobium japonicum usda 110 with soybean roots. our aim was to study the role of bacterial phosphatidylcholine in the bradyrhizobium-peanut (arachis hypogaea) symbiosis. phospholipid n-methyltransferase (pmt) and minor phosphatidylcholine synthase (pcs) activities were ...	2010	20030724
complete genomic structure of the cultivated rice endophyte azospirillum sp. b510.	we determined the nucleotide sequence of the entire genome of a diazotrophic endophyte, azospirillum sp. b510. strain b510 is an endophytic bacterium isolated from stems of rice plants (oryza sativa cv. nipponbare). the genome of b510 consisted of a single chromosome (3,311,395 bp) and six plasmids, designated as pab510a (1,455,109 bp), pab510b (723,779 bp), pab510c (681,723 bp), pab510d (628,837 bp), pab510e (537,299 bp), and pab510f (261,596 bp). the chromosome bears 2893 potential protein-enc ...	2010	20047946
"in situ" phytostabilisation of heavy metal polluted soils using lupinus luteus inoculated with metal resistant plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria.	the aim of this work is the evaluation of metal phytostabilisation potential of lupinus luteus inoculated with bradyrhizobium sp. 750 and heavy metal resistant pgprs (plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria), for in situ reclamation of multi-metal contaminated soil after a mine spill. yellow lupines accumulated heavy metals mainly in roots (cu, cd and especially pb were poorly translocated to shoots). this indicates a potential use of this plant in metal phytostabilisation. furthermore, as accumula ...	2010	20056325
microbially influenced corrosion of galvanized steel pipes in aerobic water systems.	to investigate the role of heterotrophic bacteria in the corrosion of galvanized steel in the presence of water.	2010	20070443
biodegradation of 5-nitroanthranilic acid by bradyrhizobium sp. strain js329.	biodegradation of synthetic compounds has been studied extensively, but the metabolic diversity required for catabolism of many natural compounds has not been addressed. 5-nitroanthranilic acid (5naa), produced in soil by streptomyces scabies, is also the starting material for synthetic dyes and other nitroaromatic compounds. bradyrhizobium js329 was isolated from soil by selective enrichment with 5naa. when grown on 5naa, the isolate released stoichiometric amounts of nitrite and half of the st ...	2010	20081004
the structure of a novel neutral lipid a from the lipopolysaccharide of bradyrhizobium elkanii containing three mannose units in the backbone.	the chemical structure of the lipid a of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) from bradyrhizobium elkanii usda 76 (a member of the group of slow-growing rhizobia) has been established. it differed considerably from lipids a of other gram-negative bacteria, in that it completely lacks negatively charged groups (phosphate or uronic acid residues); the glucosamine (glcpn) disaccharide backbone is replaced by one consisting of 2,3-dideoxy-2,3-diamino-d-glucopyranose (glcpn3n) and it contains two long-chain ...	2010	20087912
suppression of hypernodulation in soybean by a leaf-extracted, nark- and nod factor-dependent, low molecular mass fraction.	legumes regulate the number of nodules they form via a process called autoregulation of nodulation (aon). this involves a shoot-derived inhibitor (sdi) molecule that is synthesized in the shoots and is transported down to the roots where it inhibits further nodule development. to characterize sdi, we developed a novel feeding bioassay. this involved feeding aqueous leaf extracts directly into the petiole of hypernodulating and supernodulating nark mutant plants of glycine max (soybean). these ...	2010	20100211
an integrated proteomics and transcriptomics reference data set provides new insights into the bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteroid metabolism in soybean root nodules.	bradyrhizobium japonicum, a gram-negative soil bacterium that establishes an n(2)-fixing symbiosis with its legume host soybean (glycine max), has been used as a symbiosis model system. using a sensitive gelc-ms/ms proteomics approach, we report the identification of 2315 b. japonicum strain usda110 proteins (27.8% of the theoretical proteome) that are expressed 21 days post infection in symbiosis with soybean cultivated in growth chambers, substantially expanding the previously known symbiosis ...	2010	20104621
crystal structure of the bifunctional proline utilization a flavoenzyme from bradyrhizobium japonicum.	the bifunctional proline catabolic flavoenzyme, proline utilization a (puta), catalyzes the oxidation of proline to glutamate via the sequential activities of fad-dependent proline dehydrogenase (prodh) and nad(+)-dependent delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (p5cdh) domains. although structures for some of the domains of puta are known, a structure for the full-length protein has not previously been solved. here we report the 2.1 a resolution crystal structure of puta from bradyrhizo ...	2010	20133651
strains nodulating lupinus albus on different continents belong to several new chromosomal and symbiotic lineages within bradyrhizobium.	in this work we analysed different chromosomal and symbiotic markers in rhizobial strains nodulating lupinus albus (white lupin) in several continents. collectively the analysis of their rrs and atpd genes, and 16s-23s intergenic spacers (its), showed that they belong to at least four chromosomal lineages within the genus bradyrhizobium. most isolates from the canary islands (near to the african continent) grouped with some strains isolated on mainland spain and were identified as bradyrhizobium ...	2010	20135225
improved hydrogen production with expression of hemh and lba genes in chloroplast of chlamydomonas reinhardtii.	the coding region of both the ferrochelatase gene, hemh, from bradyrhizobium japonicum, and the leghemoglobin gene, lba, from glycine max, were transferred into chloroplast of chlamydomonas reinhardtii. as a result, transgenic c. reinhardtii cultures more rapidly consumed o(2) and increased h(2) output compared with controls in both sulfur-free and sulfur-containing medium. h(2) production of the transgenic algal cultures in sulfur-free medium was 4-fold greater than that of control cultures, ap ...	2010	20138927
molecular diversity of peanut-nodulating rhizobia in soils of argentina.	rsalpha sequencing is a valuable tool for identification of bacterial strains, and for evaluating the genetic structure of indigenous rhizobial populations. the purpose of this study was to evaluate, qualitatively, the presence or absence of rsalpha fragment in peanut-nodulating strains isolated from plants grown at four sites in central argentina. rsalpha fragment was found in only three of 26 indigenous strains, and in one of three inoculant strains analyzed. in contrast to results from studie ...	2010	20143354
dual control of sinorhizobium meliloti rpoe2 sigma factor activity by two phyr-type two-component response regulators.	rpoe2 is an extracytoplasmic function (ecf) sigma factor involved in the general stress response of sinorhizobium meliloti, the nitrogen-fixing symbiont of the legume plant alfalfa. rpoe2 orthologues are widely found among alphaproteobacteria, where they play various roles in stress resistance and/or host colonization. in this paper, we report a genetic and biochemical investigation of the mechanisms of signal transduction leading to s. meliloti rpoe2 activation in response to stress. we showed ...	2010	20154128
lack of o-polysaccharide enhances biofilm formation by bradyrhizobium japonicum.	to reveal the effects of the o-polysaccharide antigen of bradyrhizobium japonicum lps on biofilm formation and motility.	2010	20158607
thiosulfate-dependent chemolithoautotrophic growth of bradyrhizobium japonicum.	thiosulfate-oxidizing sox gene homologues were found at four loci (i, ii, iii, and iv) on the genome of bradyrhizobium japonicum usda110, a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium in soil. in fact, b. japonicum usda110 can oxidize thiosulfate and grow under a chemolithotrophic condition. the deletion mutation of the soxy(1) gene at the sox locus i, homologous to the sulfur-oxidizing (sox) system in alphaproteobacteria, left b. japonicum unable to oxidize thiosulfate and grow under chemolithotrophic ...	2010	20173070
partner choice in medicago truncatula-sinorhizobium symbiosis.	in nitrogen-fixing symbiosis, plant sanctions against ineffective bacteria have been demonstrated in previous studies performed on soybean and yellow bush lupin, both developing determinate nodules with bradyrhizobium sp. strains. in this study, we focused on the widely studied symbiotic association medicago truncatula-sinorhizobium meliloti, which forms indeterminate nodules. using two strains isolated from the same soil and displaying different nitrogen fixation phenotypes on the same fixed pl ...	2010	20200033
morphology and general characteristics of bacteriophages infectious to robinia pseudoacacia mesorhizobia.	four phages infectious to mesorhizobium strains were identified in soil samples taken from local robinia pseudoacacia stands. based on their polyhedral heads and short noncontractile tails, three of the phages, mlo30, mam12, and mam20, were assigned to group c of bradley's classification, the podoviridae family, while phage mlo1, with its elongated hexagonal head and a long flexible tail represented subgroup b2 bacteriophages, the siphoviridae family. the phages were homogeneous in respect of th ...	2010	20204638
expression of various biotin-binding proteins in transgenic tobacco confers resistance to potato tuber moth, phthorimaea operculella (zeller) (fam. gelechiidae).	the high affinity biotin-binding proteins (bbps) avidin and streptavidin are established insecticidal agents, effective against a range of insect pests. earlier work showed that, when expressed in planta, full length avidin and a truncated form of streptavidin are highly insecticidal. more recently, a wide range of bbps, found in diverse organisms or engineered for various biotechnological applications have been reported. however, their effectiveness as plant-based insecticides has not been esta ...	2010	20217475
phenotypic and genotypic characterization of rhizobia associated with acacia saligna (labill.) wendl. in nurseries from algeria.	twenty seven rhizobial strains associated with acacia saligna grown in northern and southern algeria were characterized, including generation time, host-range, the 16s rrna gene and 16s-23s rrna intergenic spacer restriction patterns, 16s rrna gene sequence analysis and tolerance to salinity and drought. cross inoculation tests indicated that 11 slow-growing isolates from northern nurseries were able to nodulate introduced australian acacias exclusively, whereas 16 fast-growing isolates, mainly ...	2010	19836181
nifa is required for maximal expression of denitrification genes in bradyrhizobium japonicum.	in bradyrhizobium japonicum the napedabc, nirk, norcbqd and nosrzdyflx genes, which encode reductases for nitrate, nitrite, nitric oxide and nitrous oxide, respectively, are required for denitrification. microaerobic induction of these genes depends on fixlj and fixk2, whose products form the fixlj-fixk2 regulatory cascade. in b. japonicum, a second oxygen-responsive regulatory cascade mediated by the nitrogen fixation regulatory protein, nifa, has been described. in this study, we show that dis ...	2010	19840105
abundance of novel and diverse tfda-like genes, encoding putative phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicide-degrading dioxygenases, in soil.	phenoxyalkanoic acid (paa) herbicides are widely used in agriculture. biotic degradation of such herbicides occurs in soils and is initiated by alpha-ketoglutarate- and fe2+-dependent dioxygenases encoded by tfda-like genes (i.e., tfda and tfdaalpha). novel primers and quantitative kinetic pcr (qpcr) assays were developed to analyze the diversity and abundance of tfda-like genes in soil. five primer sets targeting tfda-like genes were designed and evaluated. primer sets 3 to 5 specifically ampli ...	2010	19880651
complete transcriptome of the soybean root hair cell, a single-cell model, and its alteration in response to bradyrhizobium japonicum infection.	nodulation is the result of a mutualistic interaction between legumes and symbiotic soil bacteria (e.g. soybean [glycine max] and bradyrhizobium japonicum) initiated by the infection of plant root hair cells by the symbiont. fewer than 20 plant genes involved in the nodulation process have been functionally characterized. considering the complexity of the symbiosis, significantly more genes are likely involved. to identify genes involved in root hair cell infection, we performed a large-scale tr ...	2010	19933387
[application of rhizobia-legume symbiosis for remediation of heavy-metal contaminated soils].	heavy-metal pollution in soil is a major threat to human health and the entire ecosystem. legumes and their associated rhizobial microorganisms are important for the biogeochemical cycles in agriculture and natural ecosystems. legume-rhizobia symbiosis is very important in restoration of heavy-metal contaminated soils because the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by legume-rhizobium symbiosis can increase the accumulation of nitrogen and organic matter. we reviewed the importance of remediation o ...	2010	21268885
[genetic diversity and phylogeny of soybean rhizobia isolated from the regions of loess plateau in china].	we investigated the genetic diversity and phylogeny of soybean rhizobia isolated from the regions of loess plateau in china.	2010	21268891
improved biohydrogen production with an expression of codon-optimized hemh and lba genes in the chloroplast of chlamydomonas reinhardtii.	according to the codon bias in the chloroplast genome of chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the codon-optimized coding regions of both the ferrochelatase gene, hemh, from bradyrhizobium japonicum and the leghemoglobin gene, lba, from glycine max were synthesized de novo and transferred into the chloroplast of c. reinhardtii. the expression level of hemh-lba protein was improved by 6.8 folds in the codon-optimized transgenic alga compared with the non-optimized one under both normal and anaerobic conditi ...	2010	21036035
new evidence for nitrogen fixation within the italian white truffle tuber magnatum.	diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and the nitrogen-fixation activity was investigated in tuber magnatum, the most well-known prized species of italian white truffle. degenerate pcr primers were applied to amplify the nitrogenase gene nifh from t. magnatum ascomata at different stages of maturation. putative amino acid sequences revealed mainly the presence of alphaproteobacteria belonging to bradyrhizobium spp. and expression of nifh genes from bradyrhizobia was detected. the nitrogenase act ...	2010	21036337
symbiotic n nutrition, bradyrhizobial biodiversity and photosynthetic functioning of six inoculated promiscuous-nodulating soybean genotypes.	six promiscuous soybean genotypes were assessed for their ability to nodulate with indigenous root-nodule bacteria in ghana, with bradyrhizobium japonicum wb74 serving as positive control. although the results revealed free nodulation of all six genotypes in both inoculated and uninoculated plots, there was a marked effect of inoculation on photosynthetic rates and whole-plant c. inoculation also increased stomatal conductance in tgx1485-1d, tgx1448-2e, tgx1740-2f and tgx1445-3e, leading to sign ...	2010	21044808
diagnosis and quantification of glycerol assimilating denitrifying bacteria in an integrated fixed-film activated sludge reactor via 13c dna stable-isotope probing.	glycerol, a byproduct of biodiesel and oleo-chemical manufacturing operations, represents an attractive alternate to methanol as a carbon and electron donor for enhanced denitrification. however, unlike methanol, little is known about the diversity and activity of glycerol assimilating bacteria in activated sludge. in this study, the microbial ecology of glycerol assimilating denitrifying bacteria in a sequencing batch integrated fixed film activated sludge (sb-ifas) reactor was investigated usi ...	2010	21053955
whole genome co-expression analysis of soybean cytochrome p450 genes identifies nodulation-specific p450 monooxygenases.	cytochrome p450 monooxygenases (p450s) catalyze oxidation of various substrates using oxygen and nad(p)h. plant p450s are involved in the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites performing diverse biological functions. the recent availability of the soybean genome sequence allows us to identify and analyze soybean putative p450s at a genome scale. co-expression analysis using an available soybean microarray and illumina sequencing data provides clues for functional annotation of these ...	2010	21062474
isolation of oligotrophic denitrifiers carrying previously uncharacterized functional gene sequences.	oligotrophic denitrifying bacteria, including those belonging to the genera herbaspirillum, azospirillum, and bradyrhizobium, were obtained using a single-cell isolation technique. the taxonomic composition of the denitrifier population was similar to those assessed by previous culture-independent studies. the sequencing of nitrite reductase and n(2)o reductase genes of these strains revealed previously unknown links between 16s rrna and the denitrification-functional gene phylogenies. in partic ...	2010	21075882
low endotoxic activity of lipopolysaccharides isolated from bradyrhizobium, mesorhizobium, and azospirillum strains.	the endotoxic activities of lipopolysaccharides (lps) isolated from different strains of rhizobia and rhizobacteria (bradyrhizobium, mesorhizobium, and azospirillum) were compared to those of salmonella enterica sv. typhimurium lps. the biological activity of all the examined preparations, measured as limulus lysate gelation, production of tumor necrosis factor (tnf), interleukin-1β (il-1β), and interleukin-6 (il-6), and nitrogen oxide (no) induction in human myelomonocytic cells (line thp-1), w ...	2010	21091983
glycine max non-nodulation locus rj1: a recombinogenic region encompassing a snp in a lysine motif receptor-like kinase (gmnfr1α).	the rj1 mutation of soybean is a simple recessive allele in a single line that arose as a spontaneous mutation in a population; it exhibits non-nodulation with virtually all bradyrhizobium and sinorhizobium strains. here, we described fine genetic and physical mapping of the rj1 locus on soybean chromosome 2. the initial mapping of the rj1 locus using public markers indicated that a343.p2, a sequence-based marker that contains sequence similar to a part of the ljnfr1 gene regulating nodule forma ...	2010	21104396
roles of flavonoids and the transcriptional regulator ttsi in the activation of the type iii secretion system of bradyrhizobium elkanii semia587.	bradyrhizobium elkanii semia587 is a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium of the group commonly called rhizobia, which induce nodule formation in legumes, and is widely used in brazilian commercial inoculants of soybean. in response to flavonoid compounds released by plant roots, besides nod factors, other molecular signals are secreted by rhizobia, such as proteins secreted by type iii secretion systems (t3sss). rhizobial t3sss are activated by the transcription regulator ttsi, which binds to se ...	2010	21109563
bradyrhizobium lablabi sp. nov., isolated from effective nodules of lablab purpureus and arachis hypogaea grown in southern china.	five strains isolated from root nodules of lablab purpureus and arachis hypogaea grown in anhui and sichuan provinces of china were classified within the genus bradyrhizobium. these strains had identical 16s rrna nucleotide sequences which shared 99.22% and 99.48% similarities with the most related strains of bradyrhizobium jicamae pac 68(t), bradyrhizobium pachyrhizi pac 48(t) and bradyrhizobium elkanii usda 76(t). polyphasic approaches including 16s rrna gene rflp, igs-rflp, box-pcr, comparati ...	2010	21112989
bacterial communities associated with the lichen symbiosis.	lichens are commonly described as a mutualistic symbiosis between fungi and "algae" (chlorophyta or cyanobacteria); however, they also have internal bacterial communities. recent research suggests that lichen-associated microbes are an integral component of lichen thalli and that the classical view of this symbiotic relationship should be expanded to include bacteria. however, we still have a limited understanding of the phylogenetic structure of these communities and their variability across li ...	2010	21169444
nodulation factor receptor kinase 1α controls nodule organ number in soybean (glycine max l. merr).	two allelic non-nodulating mutants, nod49 and rj1, were characterized using map-based cloning and candidate gene approaches, and genetic complementation. from our results we propose two highly related lipo-oligochitin lysm-type receptor kinase genes (gmnfr1α and gmnfr1β) as putative nod factor receptor components in soybean. both mutants contained frameshift mutations in gmnfr1α that would yield protein truncations. both mutants contained a seemingly functional gmnfr1β homeologue, characterized ...	2010	21175888
phylogenetic diversity of rhizobia associated with horsegram [macrotyloma uniflorum (lam.) verdc.] grown in south india based on glnii, reca and 16s-23s intergenic sequence analyses.	horsegram [macrotyloma uniflorum (lam.) verdc.) is an important grain legume and fodder crop in india. information on root nodule endosymbionts of this legume in india is limited. in the present study, 69 isolates from naturally occurring root nodules of horsegram collected from two agro-eco-climatic regions of south india was analyzed by generation rate, acid/alkali reaction on yma medium, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacer region (igs), and sequ ...	2010	21188591
a member of the highly conserved fwl (tomato fw2.2-like) gene family is essential for soybean nodule organogenesis.	a soybean homolog of the tomato fw2.2 gene, here named gmfwl1 (glycine max fw2.2-like 1), was found to respond strongly to inoculation with the nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacterium bradyrhizobium japonicum. in tomato, the fw2.2 gene is hypothesized to control 30% of the variance in fruit weight by negatively regulating cell division. in the present study, the induction of gmfwl1 expression in root hair cells and nodules in response to b. japonicum inoculation was documented using quantitative rt- ...	2010	20230508
heme-responsive dna binding by the global iron regulator irr from rhizobium leguminosarum.	heme, a physiologically crucial form of iron, is a cofactor for a very wide range of proteins and enzymes. these include dna regulatory proteins in which heme is a sensor to which an analyte molecule binds, effecting a change in the dna binding affinity of the regulator. given that heme, and more generally iron, must be carefully regulated, it is surprising that there are no examples yet in bacteria in which heme itself is sensed directly by a reversibly binding dna regulatory protein. here we s ...	2010	20233710
symbiotic functioning and bradyrhizobial biodiversity of cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp.) in africa.	cowpea is the most important food grain legume in sub-saharan africa. however, no study has so far assessed rhizobial biodiversity and/or nodule functioning in relation to strain igs types at the continent level. in this study, 9 cowpea genotypes were planted in field experiments in botswana, south africa and ghana with the aim of i) trapping indigenous cowpea root-nodule bacteria (cowpea "rhizobia") in the 3 countries for isolation, molecular characterisation using pcr-rflp analysis, and sequen ...	2010	20331875
disparate pathways for the biogenesis of cytochrome oxidases in bradyrhizobium japonicum.	this work addresses the biogenesis of heme-copper terminal oxidases in bradyrhizobium japonicum, the nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbiont of soybean. b. japonicum has four quinol oxidases and four cytochrome oxidases. the latter include the aa(3)- and cbb(3)-type oxidases. although both have a cu(b) center in subunit i, the subunit ii proteins differ in having either a cu(a) center (in aa(3)) or a covalently bound heme c (in cbb(3)). two biogenesis factors were genetically studied here, the peri ...	2010	20335176
origins of cheating and loss of symbiosis in wild bradyrhizobium.	rhizobial bacteria nodulate legume roots and fix nitrogen in exchange for photosynthates. these symbionts are infectiously acquired from the environment and in such cases selection models predict evolutionary spread of uncooperative mutants. uncooperative rhizobia - including nonfixing and non-nodulating strains - appear common in agriculture, yet their population biology and origins remain unknown in natural soils. here, a phylogenetically broad sample of 62 wild-collected rhizobial isolates wa ...	2010	20345811
ctpa, a copper-translocating p-type atpase involved in the biogenesis of multiple copper-requiring enzymes.	the ctpa (ccoi) gene product, a putative inner membrane copper-translocating p1b-type atpase present in many bacteria, has been shown to be involved only in the cbb(3) assembly in rhodobacter capsulatus and bradyrhizobium japonicum. ctpa was disrupted in rubrivivax gelatinosus, and the mutants showed a drastic decrease in both cbb(3) and caa(3) oxidase activities. inactivation of ctpa results also in a decrease in the amount of the nitrous oxide reductase, nosz. this pleiotropic phenotype could ...	2010	20363758
temperature-dependent expression of type iii secretion system genes and its regulation in bradyrhizobium japonicum.	the genome-wide expression profiles of bradyrhizobium japonicum in response to soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.) seed extract (sse) and genistein were monitored with time at a low temperature (15 degrees c). a comparison with the expression profiles of the b. japonicum genome previously captured at the common growth temperature (30 degrees c) revealed that the expression of sse preferentially induced genomic loci, including a large gene cluster encoding the type iii secretion system (t3ss), were ...	2010	20367471
atypical transcriptional regulation and role of a new toxin-antitoxin-like module and its effect on the lipid composition of bradyrhizobium japonicum.	a toxin-antitoxin (ta)-like system (designated as bat/bto genes) was identified in bradyrhizobium japonicum, based on sequence homology and similarities in organization and size to known ta systems. deletion of the bat/bto module resulted in pleiotropic alterations in cell morphology and metabolism. the generation time of the mutant was considerably decreased in rich media. atomic force microscopy revealed the modified shape (shorter and wider) and softness of mutant cells. the synthesis of phos ...	2010	20367472
production of nitric oxide and nitrosylleghemoglobin complexes in soybean nodules in response to flooding.	nitric oxide (no) has gained interest as a major signaling molecule during plant development and in response to environmental cues. formation of no during symbiotic interactions has been reported, but the role and sources of no in nodules remain unclear. in this work, the involvement of denitrification, performed by the symbiont bradyrhizobium japonicum, in no formation in soybean nodules in response to flooding conditions has been investigated by inoculating plants with napa-, nirk-, or norc-de ...	2010	20367476
duplicated nod-factor receptor 5 (nfr5) genes are mutated in soybean (glycine max l. merr.).	in symbiosis with bradyrhizobium japonicum, soybean (glycine max l.) forms nitrogen-fixing nodules in its roots after mitogenic stimulation from a bacterial lipo-oligosaccharide (the 'nod-factor'). in our recent paper in plant and cell physiology we utilize two recessive loss-of-function plant mutants with a non-nodulation phenotype, and comparative genomics to clone and functionally analyze relevant soybean genes of the lysm receptor kinase family which are needed for perception of nod-factor r ...	2010	20418659
isolation and partial characterization of bacterial strains on low organic carbon medium from soils fertilized with different organic amendments.	a total of 720 bacterial strains were isolated from soils with four different organic amendment regimes on a low organic carbon (low-c) agar medium (10 µg c ml(-1)) traditionally used for isolation of oligotrophs. organic amendments in combination with field history resulted in differences in dissolved organic carbon contents in these soils. there were negative correlations between total and dissolved organic carbon content and the number of isolates on low-c agar medium, whereas these correlati ...	2010	20422409
lotus endemic to the canary islands are nodulated by diverse and novel rhizobial species and symbiotypes.	genetic and symbiotic characterization of 34 isolates from several lotus species endemic to the canary islands showed extraordinary diversity, with bacteria belonging to different species of the genera mesorhizobium (17 isolates), sinorhizobium (12 isolates) and rhizobium/agrobacterium (5 isolates). in a previous report, we showed that the sinorhizobium isolates mostly belonged to s. meliloti. here, we focused on the remaining isolates. the lotus mesorhizobial strains were distributed in the rrs ...	2010	20447791
genista tinctoria microsymbionts from poland are new members of bradyrhizobium japonicum bv. genistearum.	the phylogeny and taxonomic position of slow-growing genista tinctoria rhizobia from poland, ukraine and england were estimated by comparative 16s rdna, atpd, and dnak sequence analyses, pcr-rflp of 16s rdna, dna g+c content, and dna-dna hybridization. each core gene studied placed the g. tinctoria rhizobia in the genus bradyrhizobium cluster with unequivocal bootstrap support. g. tinctoria symbionts and bradyrhizobial strains shared 96-99% similarity in 16s rdna sequences. their similarity for ...	2010	20452160
large-scale transposon mutagenesis of photosynthetic bradyrhizobium sp. strain ors278 reveals new genetic loci putatively important for nod-independent symbiosis with aeschynomene indica.	photosynthetic bradyrhizobium strains possess the unusual ability to form nitrogen-fixing nodules on a specific group of legumes in the absence of nod factors. to obtain insight into the bacterial genes involved in this nod-independent symbiosis, we screened 15,648 tn5 mutants of bradyrhizobium sp. strain ors278 for clones affected in root symbiosis with aeschynomene indica. from the 268 isolated mutants, 120 mutants were altered in nodule development (ndv(-)) and 148 mutants were found to be de ...	2010	20459315
rhizobial adaptation to hosts, a new facet in the legume root-nodule symbiosis.	rhizobia are able to infect legume roots, elicit root nodules, and live therein as endosymbiotic, nitrogen-fixing bacteroids. host recognition and specificity are the results of early programming events in bacteria and plants, in which important signal molecules play key roles. here, we introduce a new aspect of this symbiosis: the adaptive response to hosts. this refers to late events in bacteroids in which specific genes are transcribed and translated that help the endosymbionts to meet the di ...	2010	20459317
control of bacterial iron homeostasis by manganese.	perception and response to nutritional iron availability by bacteria are essential to control cellular iron homeostasis. the irr protein from bradyrhizobium japonicum senses iron through the status of heme biosynthesis to globally regulate iron-dependent gene expression. heme binds directly to irr to trigger its degradation. here, we show that severe manganese limitation created by growth of a mn(2+) transport mutant in manganese-limited media resulted in a cellular iron deficiency. in wild-type ...	2010	20498065
copper metallochaperones are required for the assembly of bacteroid cytochrome c oxidase which is functioning for nitrogen fixation in soybean nodules.	bradyrhizobium japonicum, a symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium for glycine max, has complex respiratory electron transport chains. bll4880 contained a copper-binding motif for metallochaperone, h(m)x(10)mx(21)hxm. a mutant strain, bj4880, induced nodules with lower acetylene reduction activity. a double mutant, bj4880-1131, which had inserted mutations both in blr1131, a gene of the sco1-like protein, and in bll4880, induced nodules of significant fix(-) phenotype and low cytochrome c oxidase ( ...	2010	20519277
autoregulation of fixk(2) gene expression in bradyrhizobium japonicum.	several essential bradyrhizobium japonicum genes for a symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing root-nodule symbiosis are positively controlled under micro-oxic conditions by the fixlj-fixk(2) regulatory cascade. negative control is exerted by reactive oxygen species at the level of the fixk(2) protein. furthermore, we noticed that fixk (2) gene expression is increased in a fixk (2) mutant, suggesting that fixk(2) in the wild type has a negative effect, directly or indirectly, on its own expression. to possib ...	2010	20524010
biochemical and molecular characterization of a rhizobitoxine-producing bradyrhizobium from pigeon pea plants.	out of a total of 8 bacterial strains isolated from the root nodules of pigeon pea plants grown in arid region, five were identified as rhizobia based on biochemical test and confirmed by 16s rdna sequencing. pcr based screening for the rtxa gene (involved in biosynthesis of rhizobitoxine) revealed that the gene was present in one strain identified biochemically and genetically as belonging to species bradyrhizobium (bs kt-24). the strain was resistant to phosphomycin, nalidixic acid, kanamycin, ...	2010	20526835
soybean metabolites regulated in root hairs in response to the symbiotic bacterium bradyrhizobium japonicum.	nodulation of soybean (glycine max) root hairs by the nitrogen-fixing symbiotic bacterium bradyrhizobium japonicum is a complex process coordinated by the mutual exchange of diffusible signal molecules. a metabolomic study was performed to identify small molecules produced in roots and root hairs during the rhizobial infection process. metabolites extracted from roots and root hairs mock inoculated or inoculated with b. japonicum were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and ultraper ...	2010	20534735
oxidation of elemental sulfur by fusarium solani strain thif01 harboring endobacterium bradyrhizobium sp.	nineteen fungal strains having an ability to oxidize elemental sulfur in mineral salts medium were isolated from deteriorated sandstones of angkor monuments. these fungi formed clearing zone on agar medium supplemented with powder sulfur due to the dissolution of sulfur. representative of the isolates, strain thif01, was identified as fusarium solani on the basis of morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses. pcr amplification targeting 16s rrna gene and analyses of full 16s rrna ge ...	2010	20571793
transcriptional control of the bradyrhizobium japonicum irr gene requires repression by fur and antirepression by irr.	bradyrhizobium japonicum fur mediates manganese-responsive transcriptional control of the mnth gene independently of iron, but it also has been implicated in iron-dependent regulation of the irr gene. thus, we sought to address the apparent discrepancy in fur responsiveness to metals. irr is a transcriptional regulator found in iron-limited cells. here, we show that irr gene mrna was regulated by both iron and manganese, and repression occurred only in the presence of both metals. under these co ...	2010	20573962