Publications

campylobacter fetus adheres to and enters int 407 cells.	campylobacter fetus is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen of humans and ungulates and is normally transmitted via ingestion of contaminated food or water with infection resulting in mild to severe enteritis. however, despite clinical evidence that c. fetus infection often involves transient bacteremic states from which systemic infection may develop and the frequent isolation of c. fetus from extra-intestinal sites, this organism displays very poor invasiveness in in vitro models of infection. i ...	2002	12556127
effect of transport enrichment medium, transport time, and growth medium on the detection of campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis.	the combination of medium and growth conditions, including transport enrichment medium (tem), transport time, tem incubation time, and growth medium, that best support campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis while inhibiting contaminants was studied. the 3 tems evaluated, weybridge, cary-blair, and 0.85% saline solution, were inoculated with preputial smegma spiked with c. fetus subsp. venerealis and held in the laboratory for 4 or 24 hours before inoculation onto growth medium. the effect of over ...	2002	12680641
fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism probabilistic database for identification of bacterial isolates from urinary tract infections.	the ability of the fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (faflp) technique to identify bacterial isolates from urinary tract infections (utis) was investigated. faflp was carried out using the single primer combination msei plus ct and ecori plus 0, and information-rich faflp profiles were generated from all 69 uti isolates studied, which comprised both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria encompassing eight genera. the genetic relatedness of these 69 bacteria was determined by ...	2002	12149332
campylobacter surface-layers (s-layers) and immune evasion.	many pathogenic bacteria have evolved mechanisms for evading host immune systems. one evasion mechanism is manifest by the surface layer (s-layer), a paracrystalline protein structure composed of s-layer proteins (slps). the s-layer, possessed by 2 campylobacter species (c. fetus and c. rectus), is external to the bacterial outer membrane and can have multiple functions in immune avoidance. c. fetus is a pathogen of ungulates and immunocompromised humans, in whom it causes disseminated bloodstre ...	2002	16013216
cellulitis and septic arthritis caused by campylobacter fetus and campylobacter jejuni: report of 2 cases and review of the literature.	bacteremia caused by gram-negative bacteria occasionally causes soft tissue infections, including cellulitis and septic arthritis. we describe 1 patient each with campylobacter fetus cellulitis and septic arthritis and review the world literature with regard to c. fetus and c. jejuni infections at these sites. altogether, 14 patients with cellulitis (12 due to c. fetus and 2 due to c. jejuni) and 20 patients with septic arthritis (15 due to c. fetus and 4 caused by c. jejuni) have been described ...	2003	17043445
evaluation of acridine orange staining as a replacement of subcultures for bact/alert-positive, gram stain-negative blood cultures.	among 18,424 blood culture sets processed during a study period of 18 months, 85 bottles that were positive by the bact/alert system were gram stain negative. both acridine orange staining and subcultures detected microorganisms in a total of 12 bottles. acridine orange staining can replace subcultures of false-positive blood cultures.	2003	14605172
structure and genotypic plasticity of the campylobacter fetus sap locus.	the campylobacter fetus surface layer proteins (slps), encoded by five to nine sapa homologues, are major virulence factors. to characterize the sapa homologues further, a 65.9 kb c. fetus genomic region encompassing the sap locus from wild-type strain 23d was completely sequenced and analysed; 44 predicted open reading frames (orfs) were recognized. the 53.8 kb sap locus contained eight complete and one partial sapa homologues, varying from 2769 to 3879 bp, sharing conserved 553-2622 bp 5' regi ...	2003	12694614
failure of surface ring mutant strains of helicobacter mustelae to persistently infect the ferret stomach.	helicobacter mustelae, the gastric pathogen of ferrets, produces an array of surface ring structures which have not been described for any other member of the genus helicobacter, including h. pylori. the unique ring structures are composed of a protein named hsr. to investigate whether the hsr rings are important for colonization of the ferret stomach, ferrets specific pathogen free for h. mustelae were inoculated with an hsr-deficient mutant strain or the wild-type h. mustelae strain. quantitat ...	2003	12704104
presumptive toxoplasma gondii abortion in a sheep.	a primiparous ewe aborted in mid-gestation. toxoplasma gondii was suspected as the cause of abortion and a presumptive diagnosis of t. gondii abortion was based on histological lesions of the placenta.	2003	12715986
usefulness of the microseq 500 16s ribosomal dna-based bacterial identification system for identification of clinically significant bacterial isolates with ambiguous biochemical profiles.	due to the inadequate automation in the amplification and sequencing procedures, the use of 16s rrna gene sequence-based methods in clinical microbiology laboratories is largely limited to identification of strains that are difficult to identify by phenotypic methods. in this study, using conventional full-sequence 16s rrna gene sequencing as the "gold standard," we evaluated the usefulness of the microseq 500 16s ribosomal dna (rdna)-based bacterial identification system, which involves amplifi ...	2003	12734240
humoral immune responses to s-layer-like proteins of bacteroides forsythus.	bacteroides forsythus is one of the important periodontopathic bacteria, and this microorganism is known to have an s-layer outside the outer membrane. the s-layer-like antigens were recently isolated from b. forsythus, and they were found to be 270- and 230-kda proteins in the envelope fraction. in this study, these proteins were confirmed to be specific to b. forsythus by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and they were clearly recognized by sera from patients with adul ...	2003	12738635
phenotypic and genotypic differentiation of campylobacter spp. isolated from austrian broiler farms: a comparison.	an identification scheme based on restriction fragment length polymorphism of polymerase chain reaction products (pcr-rflp) was developed to differentiate isolates of the genera campylobacter, arcobacter and helicobacter. based on the 16s rrna gene of these genera, pcr amplified a 1216-bp fragment. the amplicons were digested with the restriction enzymes rsai and ecorv. additional differentiation was obtained using a pcr-assay based on the hippuricase gene. genotyping was performed on several re ...	2003	12745378
campylobacter fetus bacteremia in a patient with adult t cell leukemia.		2003	12766848
sandwich hybridisation assay for quantitative detection of yeast rnas in crude cell lysates.	background: a rapid microtiter plate based sandwich hybridization assay was developed for detection and quantification of single rna species using magnetic beads. following solution hybridization target rna molecules were collected by biotin-streptavidin affinity binding and detected by fluorescence signal generated by alkaline phosphatase. the 18s rrna and suc2 mrna of saccharomyces cerevisiae were used as model rna target molecules. results: the sensitivity of the assay was approximately 1.2 x ...	2003	12780940
use of pcr for direct detection of campylobacter species in bovine feces.	this study reports on the use of pcr to directly detect and distinguish campylobacter species in bovine feces without enrichment. inhibitors present in feces are a major obstacle to using pcr to detect microorganisms. the qiaamp dna stool minikit was found to be an efficacious extraction method, as determined by the positive amplification of internal control dna added to bovine feces before extraction. with nested or seminested multiplex pcr, campylobacter coli, c. fetus, c. hyointestinalis, and ...	2003	12788747
[a man with campylobacter endocarditis, treatable as campylobacter fetus following identification].		2003	12892017
rapid detection of campylobacter jejuni in chicken rinse water by melting-peak analysis of amplicons in real-time polymerase chain reaction.	five dna extraction protocols for the detection of campylobacter spp. by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were compared. a method involving triton x-100 produced template dna of sufficient quality to allow the detection of campylobacter jejuni at levels of 100 cfu/ml in pure culture. primers were designed on the basis of the cadf gene sequence. with a sybr green i real-time pcr assay, these primers amplified only sequences present in c. jejuni to produce a product with a melting temperature of 81 ...	2003	12929818
toward an international standard for pcr-based detection of food-borne thermotolerant campylobacters: validation in a multicenter collaborative trial.	as part of a european research project, the performance of a pcr assay to detect food-borne thermotolerant campylobacters (campylobacter jejuni, c. coli, and c. lari) was evaluated through an international collaborative trial involving 12 participating laboratories. dna from 10 target and 8 nontarget strains was tested, and the results were reported as the presence of a positive signal after gel electrophoresis. the overall inclusivity (sensitivity) was 93.7%, and the exclusivity (specificity) w ...	2003	12957959
pseudobacteraemia in a patient with neutropenic fever caused by a novel paenibacillus species: paenibacillus hongkongensis sp. nov.	to characterise a strain of gram negative aerobic straight or slightly curved rods (hku3) isolated from the blood culture of a 9 year old chinese boy with neutropenic fever and pseudobacteraemia.	2003	12560460
specific detection of arcobacter and campylobacter strains in water and sewage by pcr and fluorescent in situ hybridization.	the aim of this study was to evaluate pcr and fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) techniques for detecting arcobacter and campylobacter strains in river water and wastewater samples. both 16s and 23s rrna sequence data were used to design specific primers and oligonucleotide probes for pcr and fish analyses, respectively. in order to assess the suitability of the methods, the assays were performed on naturally and artificially contaminated samples and compared with the isolation of cells on ...	2003	12571045
pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for detection of point mutations associated with macrolide resistance in campylobacter spp.	a 23s rrna gene fragment in domain v was sequenced from 30 clinical isolates of campylobacter spp., including 22 resistant to macrolides. two point mutations associated with erythromycin resistance were identified at positions 2074 and 2075 on the 23s rrna gene (homologous to a2142c and a2143g mutations in helicobacter pylori) in which an adenine residue is also replaced with a cytosine and a guanine residue, respectively. a combined pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was dev ...	2003	12604552
a real-time pcr assay for the detection of campylobacter jejuni in foods after enrichment culture.	a real-time pcr assay was developed for the quantitative detection of campylobacter jejuni in foods after enrichment culture. the specificity of the assay for c. jejuni was demonstrated with a diverse range of campylobacter species, related organisms, and unrelated genera. the assay had a linear range of quantification over six orders of magnitude, and the limit of detection was approximately 12 genome equivalents. the assay was used to detect c. jejuni in both naturally and artificially contami ...	2003	12620820
phenotypic and molecular characterization of bovine campylobacter fetus strains isolated in brazil.	the objective of the present study was to characterize the phenotypic and molecular aspects of campylobacter fetus strains isolated from bovine herds with reproductive problems. thirty-one brazilian field isolates, together with one reference strain of each subspecies of c. fetus, were analyzed. the strains were submitted to phenotypic identification followed by subspecies characterization using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and numeric evaluation of restriction fragment length polymorphis ...	2003	12637000
[a man with campylobacter endocarditis, treatable as campylobacter fetus following identification].	a 48-year-old dutch patient presented with general malaise, recurrent fever and weight loss. routine cultures identified a campylobacter in two blood cultures. when initial treatment with clarithromycin failed, the patient developed endocarditis. dna sequencing identified campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus (c. fetus). the patient recovered after treatment of the infection with imipenem and gentamycin, based on the minimal inhibiting concentration. c. fetus is a rare cause of infection in human ...	2003	12661460
[identification and differentiation of campylobacter fetus subspecies by pcr].	the species campylobacter (c.) fetus is divided into the subspecies venerealis and fetus, which differ in epidemiology and clinical importance. the differences between these subspecies make an accurate distinction essential. differentiation of c. fetus by traditional microbiological methods is only based on two reactions (tolerance to glycin, na selenite reduction), in which c. fetus ssp. venerealis reacts negatively. however, the value of both reactions is limited. we used a specific pcr-based ...	2003	12666499
effect of two commercial vaccines to campylobacter fetus subspecies on heifers naturally challenged.	efficacy of two commercial vaccines containing campylobacter fetus subspecies on heifers naturally challenged by service with an infected bull was tested. sixteen heifers were vaccinated parentally two times with 3 weeks as interval, eight with commercial vaccine a and the other eight with commercial vaccine b. eight other heifers were used as unvaccinated controls. forty days after the first vaccine dose, the heifers were served by an infected bull during 60 days. measure of systemic immune res ...	2003	12675898
role of s-layer protein antigenic diversity in the immune responses of sheep experimentally challenged with campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus.	surface layer proteins (slps) are essential for induction of abortion by campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus in experimentally challenged ewes. these proteins are encoded by multiple sap genes and vary in size and antigenicity. the role of slp antigenic variation during experimental ovine infection was investigated. following subcutaneous challenge, the slps were highly antigenic, and antibodies were detected in serum, milk, bile, and urine. fecal anti-slp antibodies were detected only in animals c ...	2003	12496160
cd4+cd25+ t(r) cells suppress innate immune pathology through cytokine-dependent mechanisms.	cd4(+)cd25(+) regulatory t (t(r)) cells can inhibit a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, but the precise mechanisms by which they suppress immune responses in vivo remain unresolved. here, we have used helicobacter hepaticus infection of t cell-reconstituted recombination-activating gene (rag)(-/-) mice as a model to study the ability of cd4(+)cd25(+) t(r) cells to inhibit bacterially triggered intestinal inflammation. h. hepaticus infection elicited both t cell-mediated and t cell ...	2003	12515818
comparison of recovery of blood culture isolates from two bact/alert fan aerobic blood culture bottles with recovery from one fan aerobic bottle and one fan anaerobic bottle.	traditionally, a routine blood culture for adult patients consisted of paired aerobic and anaerobic bottles, but the routine use of an anaerobic blood culture bottle has been challenged in recent years. in this study, we compared the recovery of two fan aerobic bottles with one fan aerobic and one fan anaerobic bottle. each pair of bottles was collected by a separate collection procedure, and each bottle held a recommended 8- to 12-ml draw. a total of 704 clinically significant isolates were rec ...	2003	12517851
rapid detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus directly from sterile or nonsterile clinical samples by a new molecular assay.	a rapid procedure was developed for detection and identification of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) directly from sterile sites or mixed flora samples (e.g., nose or inguinal swabs). after a rapid conditioning of samples, the method consists of two main steps: (i) immunomagnetic enrichment in s. aureus and (ii) amplification-detection profile on dna extracts using multiplex quantitative pcr (5'-exonuclease qpcr, taqman). the triplex qpcr assay measures simultaneously the follo ...	2003	12517857
evaluation of 11 pcr assays for species-level identification of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.	we examined the sensitivity and specificity of 11 pcr assays described for the species identification of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli by using 111 type, reference, and field strains of c. jejuni, c. coli, and campylobacter lari. for six assays, an additional 21 type strains representing related campylobacter, arcobacter, and helicobacter species were also included. pcr tests were initially established in the laboratory by optimizing conditions with respect to five type and referen ...	2003	12517869
epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibilities of 111 campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus strains isolated in québec, canada, from 1983 to 2000.	the epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibilities of 111 campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus strains isolated from 103 patients from 1983 to 2000 in québec, canada, were determined. the median number of patients infected annually with this bacteria was seven, with an incidence of 0.1 per 100,000 population. the male-to-female ratio was 1.1 to 1.0. the patients originated from 13 of the 18 québec socioeconomic regions. the age range of the patients was 6 months to 90 years old, 53% being > or = 70 ...	2003	12517895
pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing of campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus from sheep abortions in the hawke's bay region of new zealand.	to type campylobacter isolates from sheep abortions from the hawke's bay region of new zealand.	2003	16032287
comparative molecular and microbiologic diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis.	sequencing of 16s rdna, and of sodaint and rpobint in some cases, was applied to dna from heart valves of 46 patients (36 with definite and 10 with possible endocarditis). sequence-based identifications were compared with those obtained with conventional methods. among the 36 definite cases, 30 had positive blood cultures and 6 had negative cultures. among the 30 positive cases, sequencing of 16s rdna permitted identification of species (18), genus (8), or neither (4); sodaint and rpobint sequen ...	2003	14720393
a survey of campylobacter species shed in faeces of beef cattle using polymerase chain reaction.	a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based survey of campylobacters associated with faeces collected from 382 beef cattle was undertaken. to ensure the removal of pcr inhibitors present in faeces and determine if adequate extraction was achieved, faeces were seeded with internal control dna (i.e., dna designed to amplify with the campylobacter genus primer set, but provide a smaller amplicon) before the extraction procedure. in only two samples (0.5%) were the internal control or campylobacter genu ...	2003	14735214
[pathogenesis of campylobacter fetus infection].	campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus is a zoonotic pathogen and cause opportunistic systemic infection in human who either are pregnant or have an underlying illness. crystalline surface layer (s-layer), an external structure on the outer membrane is the prime virulence factor of this organism. s-layer is responsible for resistance to both leukocyte phagocytosis and the bactericidal effects of human serum. antigenic variation of c. fetus surface antigen during infection also help the organism to esc ...	2003	14509230
aetiology of bovine abortion in argentina.	necropsies were performed on 354 fetuses from dairy and beef herds submitted from 1994 to 2000 to the diagnostic laboratories at instituto nacional de tecnología agropecuaria, balcarce, argentina. samples from the fetuses were examined for pathogenic organisms and processed for microscopic examination. an aetiological diagnosis was made for 161 (45.5%) of the fetuses. no diagnosis was made for 193 (54.5%) fetuses. infectious agents were isolated from 122 (34.4%) of the fetuses, bacterial agents ...	2003	14509450
[campylobacter fetus bacteremia in immunocompetent patient].		2003	14516269
simplified serological diagnosis of endocarditis due to coxiella burnetii and bartonella.	we tested a single-step serological assay against coxiella burnetii and bartonella species and found a sensitivity of 100%, and a positive predictive value of 98% for the diagnosis of blood culture-negative endocarditis (bcne). this assay should be considered as a possible commercial test for the diagnosis of bcne.	2003	14607881
heat resistance in liquids of enterococcus spp., listeria spp., escherichia coli, yersinia enterocolitica, salmonella spp. and campylobacter spp.	the aim of the work was to collect, evaluate, summarize and compare heat resistance data reported for campylobacter, enterococcus, escherichia, listeria, salmonella and yersinia spp. the work was limited to resistance in liquids with ph values 6-8. results obtained under similar experimental conditions were sought. thermal destruction lines for the various bacterial groups studied were constructed using log10 d values and treatment temperatures. there was a good linear relationship between log10 ...	2003	14650540
vaccines against sexually transmitted diseases.		2003	14651753
new connections in the prokaryotic toxin-antitoxin network: relationship with the eukaryotic nonsense-mediated rna decay system.	several prokaryotic plasmids maintain themselves in their hosts by means of diverse post-segregational cell killing systems. recent findings suggest that chromosomally encoded copies of toxins and antitoxins of post-segregational cell killing systems - such as the rele system - might function as regulatory switches under stress conditions. the rele toxin cleaves ribosome-associated transcripts, whereas another post-segregational cell killing toxin, pare, functions as a gyrase inhibitor.	2003	14659018
use of genome selected repeated sequences increases the sensitivity of pcr detection of tropheryma whipplei.	the availability of the tropheryma whipplei genome offers the putative possibility of choosing logical dna targets. we applied a pcr assay (targeting repeated sequences of t. whipplei) to samples from patients with whipple's disease and to those from members of a control group. when compared to the results seen with regular pcr, the sensitivity of repeat pcr was significantly enhanced (p = 0.02) without alteration of its specificity.	2004	14715790
[opportunistic campylobacter fetus bacteremia in an apparently healthy patient].		2004	14974904
conservation and diversity of sap homologues and their organization among campylobacter fetus isolates.	campylobacter fetus surface layer proteins (slps), encoded by sapa homologues, are important in virulence. in wild-type c. fetus strain 23d, all eight sapa homologues are located in the 54-kb sap island, and slp expression reflects the position of a unique sapa promoter in relation to the sapa homologues. the extensive homologies in the sap island include both direct and inverted repeats, which allow dna rearrangements, deletion, or duplication; these elements confer substantial potential for ge ...	2004	14977980
jejunal hemorrhage syndrome in 2 canadian beef cows.	two beef cows were presented with a history of anorexia and abdominal pain. both cows were euthanized. necropsy revealed the presence of a segmental area of ulceration, necrosis, and intraluminal blood clots in the jejunum. jejunal hemorrhage syndrome is an emerging disease and has not been reported previously in beef cattle.	2004	14992254
multiplex pcr assay for differentiation of helicobacter felis, h. bizzozeronii, and h. salomonis.	helicobacter felis, helicobacter bizzozeronii, and helicobacter salomonis are frequently found in the gastric mucous membrane of dogs and cats. these large spiral organisms are phylogenetically highly related to each other. their fastidious nature makes it difficult to cultivate them in vitro, hampering traditional identification methods. we describe here a multiplex pcr test based on the trna intergenic spacers and on the urease gene, combined with capillary electrophoresis, that allows discrim ...	2004	15004062
comparison of prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of campylobacter spp. isolates from organic and conventional dairy herds in wisconsin.	the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of campylobacter spp. isolates from bovine feces were compared between organic and conventional dairy herds. thirty organic dairy herds, where antimicrobials are rarely used for calves and never used for cows, were compared with 30 neighboring conventional dairy farms, where antimicrobials were routinely used for animals for all ages. fecal specimens from 10 cows and 10 calves on 120 farm visits yielded 332 campylobacter isolates. the prevalence ...	2004	15006764
direct quantification of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter lanienae in feces of cattle by real-time quantitative pcr.	campylobacter species are fastidious to culture, and the ability to directly quantify biomass in microbiologically complex substrates using real-time quantitative (rtq) pcr may enhance our understanding of their biology and facilitate the development of efficacious mitigation strategies. this study reports the use of nested rtq-pcr to directly quantify campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter lanienae in cattle feces. for c. jejuni, the single-copy mapa gene was selected. for c. lanienae, the thre ...	2004	15066825
[campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus sepsis: a case report and review of the literatures in japan].	we report a 32-year-old female with eating disorder whose body weight was only 20 kg. she was admitted to the hospital with severe low nutrition, low proteinemia, liver dysfunction, hypokalemia and hypoglycemia. on the third hospital day, she had a high fever and campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus (c. fetus) was isolated from the blood. after treatment with meropenem (1 g/day) intravenous drip injection, her condition improved. c. fetus sepsis is not common disease in japan. a review of 37 cases o ...	2004	15103897
a case of right loin pain: septic ovarian vein thrombosis due to campylobacter fetus bacteraemia.	septic ovarian venous thrombosis is an uncommon condition. diagnosis is often not immediately apparent clinically and there are many that mimic this condition. we described an unusual case of septic ovarian vein thrombosis associated with campylobacter fetus (c. fetus) bacteraemia.	2004	15175788
ileocolitis associated with anaerobiospirillum in cats.	ileocolitis associated with spiral bacteria identified as an anaerobiospirillum sp. was found in six cats. two cats had acute onset of gastrointestinal signs characterized by vomiting and diarrhea in one cat and vomiting in another cat, one cat had chronic diarrhea that was refractory to medical therapy; one cat had acute onset of anorexia and lethargy, and two cats had clinical signs that were not related to the gastrointestinal tract. the presence of an anaerobiospirillum sp. was demonstrated ...	2004	15184462
synthesis of the heteropolysaccharide o antigen of escherichia coli o52 requires an abc transporter: structural and genetic evidence.	the structural and genetic organization of the escherichia coli o52 o antigen was studied. as identified by sugar and methylation analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the o antigen of e. coli o52 has a partially o-acetylated disaccharide repeating unit (o unit) containing d-fucofuranose and 6-deoxy-d-manno-heptopyranose, as well as a minor 6-deoxy-3-o-methylhexose (most likely, 3-o-methylfucose). the o-antigen gene cluster of e. coli o52, which is located between the galf and gn ...	2004	15231783
campylobacter fetus meningitis in a diabetic adult cured by imipenem.	reported here is the successful management of a severe case of campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus meningitis, complicated by septic shock, in a patient without overt immunosuppression who was cured by imipenem. meningitis caused by c. fetus has rarely been reported in adults, and only exceptionally in non-immunocompromised patients, and septic shock has not previously been reported as a complication of such meningitis. the best antibiotic regimen for treating this condition remains to be deter ...	2004	15322930
[campylobacter fetus subsp fetus bacteremia in a female patient infected by the hepatitis c virus].	campylobacter fetus subsp fetus was identified as an unusual etiologic agent of septicemia in an immuno-compromized patient vhc positive by utilizing a 16s rrna molecular kit in our hospital's clinical laboratory. this method would appear as a performing approach to identify pathogens when discrepancies exist between phenotypical tests.	2004	15355811
campylobacter fetus of reptile origin as a human pathogen.	a campylobacter species was isolated from blood from a febrile patient with precursor t-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and after antibiotic treatment, a similar bacterium was isolated from blood 37 days later. although phenotypic testing did not definitively identify the organisms, molecular analysis indicated that they were the same strain of campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus and were of reptile origin.	2004	15365057
evaluation of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of campylobacter fetus in bovine preputial washing and vaginal mucus samples.	a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was described and evaluated for use as a presumptive screening test for detection of campylobacter fetus in bovine preputial washing and vaginal mucus samples. a total of 725 diagnostic samples collected in the field and submitted in clark's transport enrichment medium (tem) were analyzed. cultural isolation of c. fetus was used as the standard for comparison. after incubation of the tem vials for 4-5 days, fluid was removed f ...	2004	15381269
gastroenteritis in nf-kappab-deficient mice is produced with wild-type camplyobacter jejuni but not with c. jejuni lacking cytolethal distending toxin despite persistent colonization with both strains.	campylobacter jejuni continues to be a leading cause of bacterial enteritis in humans. however, because there are no readily available animal models to study the pathogenesis of c. jejuni-related diseases, the significance of potential virulence factors, such as cytolethal distending toxin (cdt), in vivo are poorly understood. mice deficient in nf-kappab subunits (p50(-/-) p65(+/-)) in a c57bl/129 background are particularly susceptible to colitis induced by another enterohepatic microaerobe, he ...	2004	14742559
genotypic and antibiotic susceptibility characteristics of a campylobacter coli population isolated from dairy farmland in the united kingdom.	campylobacter infections are the most common cause of bacterial enteritis in humans, and nearly 8% of such infections are caused by campylobacter coli. most studies have concentrated on campylobacter jejuni, frequently isolated from intensively farmed poultry and livestock production units, and few studies have examined the spread and relatedness of campylobacter across a range of geographical and host boundaries. systematic sampling of a 100-km2 area of mixed farmland in northwest england yield ...	2004	14766560
rpob gene sequence-based identification of aerobic gram-positive cocci of the genera streptococcus, enterococcus, gemella, abiotrophia, and granulicatella.	we developed a new molecular tool based on rpob gene (encoding the beta subunit of rna polymerase) sequencing to identify streptococci. we first sequenced the complete rpob gene for streptococcus anginosus, s. equinus, and abiotrophia defectiva. sequences were aligned with these of s. pyogenes, s. agalactiae, and s. pneumoniae available in genbank. using an in-house analysis program (svarap), we identified a 740-bp variable region surrounded by conserved, 20-bp zones and, by using these conserve ...	2004	14766807
campylobacter fetus septic arthritis revealing a malignancy.	campylobacter fetus is a rare cause of bone and joint infection. we report a new case in a patient who also had endocarditis due to the same organism. this type of infection usually occurs in immunocompromised hosts. investigations in our patient found a cancer of the prostate.	2004	14769524
pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing of campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus isolated from sheep abortions in new zealand.	to genotype campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus isolates cultured from sheep abortions submitted to diagnostic laboratories in new zealand during the year 2000 breeding season. to compare the types found nationally with those found in the hawke's bay region in 1999, and strains held in the new zealand reference culture collection, medical section (nzrm) from a study published in 1987.	2004	15768136
immunization in heifers with dual vaccines containing tritrichomonas foetus and campylobacter fetus antigens using systemic and mucosal routes.	vaccines against both bovine venereal campylobacteriosis and trichomonosis were tested. heifers were assigned to three groups. groups 1 (n = 21 heifers) and group 2 (n = 20) received a commercial or experimental vaccine, respectively, containing both campylobacter fetus and tritrichomonas foetus antigens. group 3 (n = 21) received adjuvant alone. preparations were injected sq in groups 1 and 3 at days -60 and -30 (day 0 was considered the first day of a 90-day breeding period), and in group 2 sq ...	2004	15451246
campylobacter fetus bacteremia in an immunocompromised patient: case report and review of the literature.	a 33-year-old woman underwent a liver transplantation and splenectomy in 1985 and had followed immunosuppressive therapy until 1995. afterwards a non-hodgkin lymphoma was diagnosed and chemotherapy was started. in january 2000, because of suspect transplantation rejection she was treated with steroid and immunosuppressive therapy. fever occurred after two months and cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection was diagnosed. ganciclovir was started with clinical remission. in november 2000 fever recurred wit ...	2004	15460531
genomic analysis of bacteroides fragilis reveals extensive dna inversions regulating cell surface adaptation.	bacteroides are predominant human colonic commensals, but the principal pathogenic species, bacteroides fragilis (bf), lives closely associated with the mucosal surface, whereas a second major species, bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (bt), concentrates within the colon. we find corresponding differences in their genomes, based on determination of the genome sequence of bf and comparative analysis with bt. both species have acquired two mechanisms that contribute to their dominance among the colonic ...	2004	15466707
detection of campylobacter spp. in chicken fecal samples by real-time pcr.	a real-time pcr assay for detecting thermophilic campylobacter spp. directly in chicken feces has been developed. dna was isolated from fecal material by using magnetic beads followed by pcr with a prealiquoted pcr mixture, which had been stored at -18 degrees c. campylobacter could be detected in less than 4 h, with a detection limit of 100 to 150 cfu/ml, in a fecal suspension. a bacterial internal control was added before dna extraction to control both dna isolation and the presence of pcr inh ...	2004	15528705
studies on calf diarrhoea in mozambique: prevalence of bacterial pathogens.	the prevalence of diarrhoea in calves was investigated in 8 dairy farms in mozambique at 4 occasions during 2 consecutive years. a total of 1241 calves up to 6 months of age were reared in the farms, and 63 (5%) of them had signs of diarrhoea. two farms had an overall higher prevalence (13% and 21%) of diarrhoea. faecal samples were collected from all diarrhoeal calves (n = 63) and from 330 healthy calves and analysed for salmonella species, campylobacter jejuni and enterotoxigenic escherichia c ...	2004	15535084
two outer membrane proteins are required for maximal type i secretion of the caulobacter crescentus s-layer protein.	transport of rsaa, the crystalline s-layer subunit protein of caulobacter crescentus, is mediated by a type i secretion mechanism. two proteins have been identified that play the role of the outer membrane protein (omp) component in the rsaa secretion machinery. the genes rsaf(a) and rsaf(b) were identified by similarity to the escherichia coli hemolysin secretion omp tolc by using the c. crescentus genome sequence. the rsaf(a) gene is located several kilobases downstream of the other transporte ...	2004	15547272
survival of cold-stressed campylobacter jejuni on ground chicken and chicken skin during frozen storage.	campylobacter jejuni is prevalent in poultry, but the effect of combined refrigerated and frozen storage on its survival, conditions relevant to poultry processing and storage, has not been evaluated. therefore, the effects of refrigeration at 4 degrees c, freezing at -20 degrees c, and a combination of refrigeration and freezing on the survival of c. jejuni in ground chicken and on chicken skin were examined. samples were enumerated using tryptic soy agar containing sheep's blood and modified c ...	2004	15574906
evidence for involvement of at least six proteins in adaptation of lactobacillus sakei to cold temperatures and addition of nacl.	lactobacillus sakei is a lactic acid bacterium widely represented in the natural flora of fresh meat. the aim of this study was to analyze the differences in protein expression during environmental changes encountered during technological processes in which l. sakei is involved in order to gain insight into the ability of this species to grow and survive in such environments. using two-dimensional electrophoresis, we observed significant variation of a set of 21 proteins in cells grown at 4 degr ...	2004	15574925
differentiation of campylobacter coli, campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter lari, and campylobacter upsaliensis by a multiplex pcr developed from the nucleotide sequence of the lipid a gene lpxa.	we describe a multiplex pcr assay to identify and discriminate between isolates of campylobacter coli, campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter lari, and campylobacter upsaliensis. the c. jejuni isolate f38011 lpxa gene, encoding a udp-n-acetylglucosamine acyltransferase, was identified by sequence analysis of an expression plasmid that restored wild-type lipopolysaccharide levels in escherichia coli strain sm105 [lpxa(ts)]. with oligonucleotide primers developed to the c. jejuni lpxa gene, nearly fu ...	2004	15583280
abstracts of the 27th annual meeting of the society of general internal medicine. chicago, illinois, usa, 12-15 may, 2004.		2004	15107043
phase and antigenic variation in bacteria.	phase and antigenic variation result in a heterogenic phenotype of a clonal bacterial population, in which individual cells either express the phase-variable protein(s) or not, or express one of multiple antigenic forms of the protein, respectively. this form of regulation has been identified mainly, but by no means exclusively, for a wide variety of surface structures in animal pathogens and is implicated as a virulence strategy. this review provides an overview of the many bacterial proteins a ...	2004	15258095
bacterial biota in reflux esophagitis and barrett's esophagus.	to identify the bacterial flora in conditions such as barrettos esophagus and reflux esophagitis to determine if they are similar to normal esophageal flora.	2005	16437628
prevalence of genital campylobacteriosis and trichomonosis in crossbred breeding bulls kept on zero-grazed smallholder dairy farms in the tanga region of tanzania.	a survey to demonstrate the presence or absence of genital campylobacteriosis and trichomonosis in cross-bred breeding bulls kept under smallholding dairy farms in the tanga region of tanzania was carried out during the period of january-june 1996. sheath washings, swabs and preputial scrapings were collected from 58 randomly selected bulls. campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis was demonstrated in 3/58 (5.1%) and tritrichomonas foetus in 0/58 (0%) of all bulls tested. bull-level variables of le ...	2005	16642720
global detection and identification of campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis.	bovine genital campylobacteriosis caused by campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (cfv) is a genital infection that threatens the cattle industry. detection and identification of cfv are key factors in control programmes. trade regulations should be based on scientifically and internationally accepted methods of detection and identification of cfv. such methods are described in the world organisation for animal health (oie) manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals. a study ...	2005	16642772
human peripheral and gastric lymphocyte responses to helicobacter pylori napa and aphc differ in infected and uninfected individuals.	in this study, we identify the nature of the immunological response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) and lamina propria gastric lymphocytes (lpl) to two helicobacter pylori antigens, the neutrophil activating protein (napa) and alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (aphc). these antigens were identified and selected for study based on the observation that serological recognition of these proteins was associated with h pylori negative status in humans.	2005	15591500
sequence typing and comparison of population biology of campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni.	a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme that uses the same loci as a previously described system for campylobacter jejuni was developed for campylobacter coli. the c. coli-specific primers were validated with 53 isolates from humans, chickens, and pigs, together with 15 penner serotype reference isolates. the nucleotide sequence of the flaa short variable region (svr) was determined for each isolate. these sequence data were compared to equivalent information for 17 c. jejuni isolates represe ...	2005	15634992
characterization of cytolethal distending toxin of campylobacter species isolated from captive macaque monkeys.	an association between certain campylobacter species and enterocolitis in humans and nonhuman primates is well established, but the association between cytolethal distending toxin and disease is incompletely understood. the purpose of the present study was to examine campylobacter species isolated from captive conventionally raised macaque monkeys for the presence of the cdtb gene and for cytolethal distending toxin activity. the identity of each isolate was confirmed on the basis of phenotypic ...	2005	15695658
investigation of bovine venereal campyloacteriosis in beef cow herds in new zealand.	to determine regional prevalences of beef cow herds in new zealand positive for campylobacter fetus subsp venerealis antibodies in samples of vaginal mucus tested using an immunoglobulin (ig) a enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and to examine the suitability of the iga elisa for detecting infection with c. fetus subsp venerealis under field conditions in new zealand.	2005	15731834
could flies explain the elusive epidemiology of campylobacteriosis?	unlike salmonellosis with well-known routes of transmission, the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis is still largely unclear. known risk factors such as ingestion of contaminated food and water, direct contact with infected animals and outdoor swimming could at most only explain half the recorded cases.	2005	15752427
fly transmission of campylobacter.	an annual increase in campylobacter infection in england and wales begins in may and reaches a maximum in early june. this increase occurs in all age groups and is seen in all geographic areas. examination of risk factors that might explain this seasonal increase identifies flies as a potential source of infection. the observed pattern of infection is hypothesized to reflect an annual epidemic caused by direct or indirect contamination of people by small quantities of infected material carried b ...	2005	15757548
development of a real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer pcr to identify the main pathogenic campylobacter spp.	a simple real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret) pcr, targeting the gyra gene outside the quinolone resistance-determining region, was developed to identify campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. these species were distinguished easily, as the corresponding melting points showed a difference of 15 degrees c. a second assay using the same biprobe and pcr conditions, but different pcr primers, was also developed to identify the less frequently encountered campylobacter fetus. ...	2005	15760424
the need to differentiate campylobacter fetus subspecies isolated from humans.		2005	15760436
campylobacter fetus prosthetic hip joint infection: successful management with device retention and review.		2005	15780423
bilateral prosthetic knee infection by campylobacter fetus.	we present the first documented case of a bilateral prosthetic knee joint infection with campylobacter fetus. our patient's risk factors included age, the presence of prosthetic joints, and potential exposure through his contact with farm animals. it is important to be aware of the possibility of c fetus joint infections in high-risk patients who present with pain after total joint arthroplasty.	2005	15809962
[campylobacter as a venereal disease in cattle].	since the introduction of ai, venereal diseases caused by tritrichomonas fetus and campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis haved been eradicated in the netherlands. campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus can cause sporadic abortion and early embryonic death. when natural breeding is practised, venereal diseases must be included in the list of differential diagnoses of fertility problems. a case study of a campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus infection is described.	2005	16047745
real-time pcr screening for 16s rrna mutations associated with resistance to tetracycline in helicobacter pylori.	the effectiveness of recommended first-line therapies for helicobacter pylori infections is decreasing due to the occurrence of resistance to metronidazole and/or clarithromycin. quadruple therapies, which include tetracycline and a bismuth salt, are useful alternative regimens. however, resistance to tetracycline, mainly caused by mutations in the 16s rrna genes (rrna and rrnb) affecting nucleotides 926 to 928, are already emerging and can impair the efficacies of such second-line regimens. her ...	2005	16048919
campylobacter spp., salmonella spp., verocytotoxic escherichia coli, and antibiotic resistance in indicator organisms in wild cervids.	faecal samples were collected, as part of the national health surveillance program for cervids (hop) in norway, from wild red deer, roe deer, moose and reindeer during ordinary hunting seasons from 2001 to 2003. samples from a total of 618 animals were examined for verocytotoxic e. coli (vtec); 611 animals for salmonella and 324 animals for campylobacter. a total of 50 samples were cultivated from each cervid species in order to isolate the indicator bacterial species e. coli and enterococcus fa ...	2005	16108210
does age acquired immunity confer selective protection to common serotypes of campylobacter jejuni?	campylobacter infection is a major cause of bacterial gastrointestinal disease. exposure to campylobacter is known to produce an immune response in humans that can prevent future symptomatic infections. further, studies of the general population have shown that seroprevalence to campylobacter increases with age.	2005	16117832
factors affecting the pressure resistance of some campylobacter species.	to compare pressure resistance between strains of campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, campylobacter lari and campylobacter fetus, and to investigate the effect of suspending medium on pressure resistance of sensitive and more resistant strains.	2005	16162138
a multiplex polymerase chain reaction to detect and differentiate campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus and campylobacter fetus -species venerealis: use on uk isolates of c. fetus and other campylobacter spp.	subspeciation of campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus (cff) and campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (cfv) is important for international animal import regulations. phenotyping can be unreliable, and genotyping by techniques like pulsed field gel electrophoresis is difficult in routine diagnostic laboratories. a pcr subspeciation technique has been reported [aust vet j (1997) 75, 827]; we aimed to develop this pcr and investigate its use on uk c. fetus isolates.	2005	16162226
jejunal hemorrhage syndrome in dairy and beef cattle: 11 cases (2001 to 2003).	the medical records of 11 cattle with jejunal hemorrhage syndrome were reviewed. female and male, lactating and pregnant, dairy and beef cattle were affected. decreased feed intake and milk production, reduced amounts of dark feces, and abdominal discomfort were common historical findings. common clinical findings included depressed demeanor, a "ping" and fluid-splashing sounds over the right abdomen, melena, and distended loops of intestine on rectal palpation. surgery was done on 7 cases, 10 c ...	2005	16187715
the frequency and rate of pilin antigenic variation in neisseria gonorrhoeae.	the pilin antigenic variation (av) system of neisseria gonorrhoeae (gc) mediates unidirectional dna recombination from silent gene copies into the pilin expression locus. a dna sequencing assay was developed to accurately measure pilin av in a population of gc strain fa1090 arising from a defined pilin progenitor under non-selective culture conditions. this assay employs a piliated parental gc variant with a reca allele whose promoter is replaced by lac-regulatory elements, allowing for controll ...	2005	16194236
contribution of systematic serological testing in diagnosis of infective endocarditis.	despite progress with diagnostic criteria, the type and timing of laboratory tests used to diagnose infective endocarditis (ie) have not been standardized. this is especially true with serological testing. patients with suspected ie were evaluated by a standard diagnostic protocol. this protocol mandated an evaluation of the patients according to the modified duke criteria and used a battery of laboratory investigations, including three sets of blood cultures and systematic serological testing f ...	2005	16207989
immunohistochemical identification of campylobacter fetus in natural cases of bovine and ovine abortions.	an immunohistochemistry (ihc) procedure for the detection of campylobacter fetus antigens using an avidin-biotin complex technique was performed on formalin fixed bovine and ovine fetal tissues from 26 natural cases of campylobacter spp. abortion (four ovine and 22 bovine). the species of campylobacter isolated included c. fetus ssp. venerealis from 13 bovine fetuses, c. fetus ssp. fetus from two ovine and one bovine fetus, campylobacter jejuni from seven bovine fetuses, campylobacter lari from ...	2005	15876227
mechanisms underlying campylobacter fetus pathogenesis in humans: surface-layer protein variation in relapsing infections.	campylobacter fetus causes gastrointestinal and systemic infections in humans. although relapse is common despite antibiotic treatment, the mechanisms are not well understood. the surface-layer proteins (slps) of c. fetus, which are critical in virulence, undergo high-frequency phenotypic switching due to recombination of sap homologues, resulting in antigenic variation. to investigate the mechanisms involved in relapsing c. fetus infections, we compared slp variation in 4 pairs of c. fetus stra ...	2005	15897994
genetic divergence of campylobacter fetus strains of mammal and reptile origins.	campylobacter fetus is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen of both humans and animals. two subspecies have been identified, campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus and campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis, and there are two serotypes, a and b. to further investigate the genetic diversity among c. fetus strains of different origins, subspecies, and serotypes, we performed multiple genetic analyses by utilizing random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and d ...	2005	16000457
campylobacter fetus bacteraemia in a healthy individual: clinical and therapeutical implications.	campylobacter species are well-recognized common causes of gastrointestinal infections. while campylobacter jejuni is probably the most common campylobacter isolated in humans, campylobacter fetus is rather infrequent and mostly related with bacteraemia. even on such occasions, it seems that immunocompetent individuals are spared. we report a case of c. fetus bacteraemia in a healthy-except for impaired fasting glucose (ifg) levels-farmer, presenting as an acute febrile syndrome and treated succ ...	2005	16291287
infective tricuspid valve endocarditis with pulmonary emboli caused by campylobacter fetus after tooth extraction.	we describe a case of infective endocarditis caused by campylobacter fetus accompanied by pulmonary emboli. a 52-year-old man was referred to our hospital due to febrile temperatures with a history of dental treatment followed by eating raw meat. computed tomography revealed multiple infiltrations and a nodule with low attenuation area and feeding vessels. a mobile mass, possible vegetation, attached to the tricuspid valve was detected by transthoracic echocardiography. two blood cultures disclo ...	2005	16293916