Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [hepatitis e virus infection in japan]. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the major etiologic agent of enterically transmitted viral hepatitis in many developing countries. epidemics are primarily waterborne in areas where water supplies are contaminated with hev of human origin. there is increasing evidence, however, that hev is also prevalent in very low numbers in non-endemic countries, including japan. although the source of hev in these sporadic cases is unknown, a recently isolated swine virus is the best candidate for causing a zoonot ... | 2006 | 16722461 |
| expression and processing of the hepatitis e virus orf1 nonstructural polyprotein. | the orf1 of hepatitis e virus (hev) encodes a nonstructural polyprotein of approximately 186 kda that has putative domains for four enzymes: a methyltransferase, a papain-like cysteine protease, a rna helicase and a rna dependent rna polymerase. in the absence of a culture system for hev, the orf1 expressed using bacterial and mammalian expression systems has shown an approximately 186 kda protein, but no processing of the polyprotein has been observed. based on these observations, it was propos ... | 2006 | 16725054 |
| [epidemiology and clinical manifestations of viral hepatitis]. | viral hepatitis is an infectious disease affecting the liver. at this time, five different human hepatitis viruses are recognized and characterized in detail: hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), hepatitis c virus (hcv), hepatitis d virus (hdv), and hepatitis e virus (hev). the hepatitis viruses differ widely in their modes of transmission and clinical features. whereas all of them can cause acute hepatitis, only hbv, hdv, and hcv cause chronic hepatitis. this article reviews the ep ... | 2006 | 16725087 |
| a bicistronic subgenomic mrna encodes both the orf2 and orf3 proteins of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus replicons containing the neomycin resistance gene expressed from open reading frames (orfs) 2 and 3 were transfected into huh-7 cells, and stable cell lines containing functional replicons were selected by constant exposure to g418 sulfate. northern blot analyses detected full-length replicon rna and a single subgenomic rna. this subgenomic rna, which was capped, initiated at nucleotide 5122 downstream of the first two methionine codons in orf3 and was bicistronic; two closely ... | 2006 | 16731930 |
| array-based nano-amplification technique was applied in detection of hepatitis e virus. | a rapid method for the detection of hepatitis e virus (hev) was developed by utilizing nano-gold labeled oligonucleotide probes, silver stain enhancement and the microarray technique. the 5'-end -nh(2) modified oligonucleotide probes were immobilized on the surface of the chip base as the capture probe. the detection probe was made of the 3'-end -sh modified oligonucleotide probe and nano-gold colloid. the optimal concentrations of these two probes were determined. to test the detection sensitiv ... | 2006 | 16756752 |
| comparison of real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and nested or commercial reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for the detection of hepatitis e virus particle in human serum. | hepatitis e virus (hev) was originally identified as the causative agent of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis. the virus is the 7.5-kb single-stranded positive rna virus and has been classified in the genus herpevirus [corrected] of the [corrected] herpeviridae [corrected] recently, hevs were identified from several countries worldwide from human and animals including swine. studies on the genomic analysis of hev isolates and seroprevalence of anti-hev antibodies suggested that hev ... | 2006 | 16757142 |
| international collaborative survey on epidemiology of hepatitis e virus in 11 countries. | we conducted seroepidemiological studies on antibody prevalence to hepatitis e virus (hev) in 5,233 sera from 11 countries to ascertain the present state of hev infection on a global basis. the prevalence of anti-hev igg increased with age in these tested countries, but the rate of antibody positivity was over 20% in the 16-30 year-old group in most of the participating countries, except for japan, the usa, and spain. of patients with acute hepatitis of unknown etiology from nepal, 56% (14/25) w ... | 2006 | 16771218 |
| [hepatitis e]. | 2006 | 16774074 | |
| distinct changing profiles of hepatitis a and e virus infection among patients with acute hepatitis, patients on maintenance hemodialysis and healthy individuals in japan. | to compare the epidemiologic profiles of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) infections in japan, the prevalence of clinical or subclinical hav and hev infections was investigated serologically and molecularly among 128 consecutive patients (age, mean +/- standard deviation, 37.5 +/- 14.7 years) who contracted acute hepatitis between 1989 and 2005 in a city hospital, and among 416 hemodialysis patients (60.1 +/- 12.6 years) and 266 medical staff members (34.6 +/- 11.4 years) at t ... | 2006 | 16789007 |
| validation of single real-time taqman pcr assay for the detection and quantitation of four major genotypes of hepatitis e virus in clinical specimens. | since the characterization of the genome of the hepatitis e virus (hev) in 1990, a large genetic diversity has been described. a single real-time reverse transcription (rt)-pcr assay with taqman technology has been validated which uses only one set of primers and probe within the orf2 hev region (nt 5207-5292) for the detection and quantification of the four major genotypes of hev. this assay proved to be as efficient as the conventional rt-pcr methodology for the detection of hev in clinical sa ... | 2006 | 16789018 |
| indigenous hepatitis e virus infection in england and wales. | 2006 | 16793820 | |
| hepatitis e is an autochthonous disease in industrialized countries. analysis of 23 patients in south-west france over a 13-month period and comparison with hepatitis a. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is responsible for acute hepatitis predominantly in developing countries. in western europe and in the us, cases of acute hev infection are uncommon and occur primarily in travelers returning from endemic countries. the aim of this study was to describe patients with acute hepatitis e in south west france and compare them with patients with acute hepatitis a. | 2006 | 16801899 |
| [nine cases of sporadic acute hepatitis e in korea]. | hepatitis e virus is an enterically transmitted virus that causes endemic cases of acute hepatitis in many countries in africa, and southeast and central asia. sporadic cases of acute hepatitis e also have been reported in developed countries. in non-endemic areas, most of the sporadic cases of hepatitis e are introduced from the endemic areas. until now, only three cases of acute hepatitis e have been reported in korea. recently, we experienced nine cases of acute hepatitis, in which serologic ... | 2006 | 16804348 |
| autochthonous hepatitis e virus infection in germany with sequence similarities to other european isolates. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a common cause of acute hepatitis in endemic areas. yet reports on autochthonous cases in other areas such as middle europe are increasing. here we report on a patient, who obviously acquired his hev infection in germany. sequence analysis of the virus gained from his serum revealed homologies to other european isolates and swine isolates. | 2006 | 16804663 |
| significance of serum iga in patients with acute hepatitis e virus infection. | to study the significance of serum anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) iga in patients with hepatitis e. | 2006 | 16804983 |
| dynamic changes of hbv dna in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of chronic hepatitis patients after lamivudine treatment. | to study the dynamic changes of hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) of patients after lamivudine therapy. | 2006 | 16810760 |
| prolonged hepatitis e in an immunocompromised patient. | 2006 | 16824086 | |
| evidence of a potential receptor-binding site on the nipah virus g protein (niv-g): identification of globular head residues with a role in fusion promotion and their localization on an niv-g structural model. | as a preliminary to the localization of the receptor-binding site(s) on the nipah virus (niv) glycoprotein (niv-g), we have undertaken the identification of niv-g residues that play a role in fusion promotion. to achieve this, we have used two strategies. first, as niv and hendra virus (hev) share a common receptor and their cellular tropism is similar, we hypothesized that residues functioning in receptor attachment could be conserved between their respective g proteins. our initial strategy wa ... | 2006 | 16840334 |
| analysis of human and swine hepatitis e virus (hev) isolates of genotype 3 in japan that are only 81-83 % similar to reported hev isolates of the same genotype over the entire genome. | full-length sequences were determined for a human hepatitis e virus (hev) isolate (he-ja04-1911) and two swine hev isolates (swj8-5 and swj12-4) that belong to one of three clusters within genotype 3 in japan and are close to spanish isolates according to their partial sequences. the three hev isolates were 89.7-92.9 % identical to each other, but only 80.7-83.0 % similar to 21 hev strains of the same genotype isolated in canada, kyrgyzstan, the usa and japan over their entire genome. on compari ... | 2006 | 16847132 |
| [study on risk factors of sporadic hepatitis e virus cases in some districts of shanghai]. | to study the risk factors of acute sporadic hepatitis e virus (hev) cases and to analyze its partial sequence in some districts of shanghai. | 2006 | 16875530 |
| aetiology of acute viral hepatitis in andaman and nicobar islands, india. | 2006 | 16884639 | |
| molecular characterization of hepatitis a virus from a large outbreak from kerala, india. | hepatitis a is highly prevalent in india and mainly presents as a sporadic disease. this study investigated an outbreak of viral hepatitis at medical college hospital area, kottayam, kerala state, india during january 2005. | 2006 | 16885597 |
| development and validation of an improved rt-pcr assay with nested universal primers for detection of hepatitis e virus strains with significant sequence divergence. | recent studies revealed that hepatitis e virus (hev) genomes are more variable than previously thought and well-conserved regions suitable for designing universal primers are limited. in this study, based on alignment of 70 full-length hev sequences of genotypes 1-4, a part of the orf2/orf3 overlapping region was found to be the best target region for pcr amplification of various hev strains. using the newly designed primers, an rt-pcr method (orf2/3-137 pcr) that amplifies a 137-nucleotide (nt) ... | 2006 | 16901555 |
| structural and functional basis for adp-ribose and poly(adp-ribose) binding by viral macro domains. | macro domains constitute a protein module family found associated with specific histones and proteins involved in chromatin metabolism. in addition, a small number of animal rna viruses, such as corona- and toroviruses, alphaviruses, and hepatitis e virus, encode macro domains for which, however, structural and functional information is extremely limited. here, we characterized the macro domains from hepatitis e virus, semliki forest virus, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars ... | 2006 | 16912299 |
| full genome sequence and analysis of indian swine hepatitis e virus isolate of genotype 4. | the full-length genomic sequence of an indian swine hepatitis e virus (hev) isolate (ind-sw-00-01) recovered from feces of a pig experimentally infected with swine hev pool from western india was determined. the genome consisted of 7,240 nucleotides, excluding the poly (a) tail of at least 22 residues and contained three open reading frames (orfs), orf-1 encoding 1,707 amino acids, orf-2 encoding 674 amino acids and orf-3 encoding 114 amino acids. comparative full-length genome sequence and phyl ... | 2006 | 16457969 |
| hepatitis e virus genotyping based on full-length genome and partial genomic regions. | some genomic regions for hepatitis e virus (hev) genotyping have been reported to correlate well with the results from the phylogenetic analyses on the basis of the complete genome. however, few studies have systemically investigated the genomic regions for hev genotyping using a combined phylogenetic and statistical approach. a consensus region for hev genotyping has not been determined. in this study the nucleotide identities and genetic distances of 24 partial genomic regions and the complete ... | 2006 | 16472882 |
| hepatitis e virus infection as a marker for contaminated community drinking water sources in tibetan villages. | in april-may 2001, a study was conducted to determine the prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis e virus (hev) among 426 persons 8-49 years of age randomly selected from two groups of rural villages in central tibet. group 1 villages were assessed in 1998 as having poor quality water sources; new water systems were then constructed prior to this study. group 2 villages had higher quality water and were not designated as priority villages for new systems prior to the study. no participants te ... | 2006 | 16474079 |
| putative neutralization epitopes and broad cross-genotype neutralization of hepatitis e virus confirmed by a quantitative cell-culture assay. | monolayers of hep g2/c3a cells were inoculated with genotype 1 hepatitis e virus (hev) mixed with either anti-hev or an appropriate control. after 5 or 6 days, cell monolayers were stained with anti-hev and infected cells were identified by immunofluorescence microscopy and counted. anti-hev from vaccinated or infected rhesus monkeys neutralized the virus, as did mabs that recognized epitopes on the c terminus of a recombinant vaccine protein. antibodies were broadly cross-reactive, since conval ... | 2006 | 16476993 |
| analysis of the full-length genome of genotype 4 hepatitis e virus isolates from patients with fulminant or acute self-limited hepatitis e. | it was suggested that hepatitis e virus (hev) genotype 4 is associated more closely with the severity of hepatitis e than genotype 3, although the virological basis remains unknown. the aim of this study was to examine whether genomic differences among genotype 4 hevs are responsible for the development of fulminant hepatitis. full-length sequences of genotype 4 hevs from three patients with fulminant hepatitis and six patients with acute self-limited hepatitis were determined. the sequences wer ... | 2006 | 16482537 |
| uk acquired hepatitis e--an emerging problem? | eight cases of hepatitis e acquired in the uk are reported. these cases presented to an inner city hospital in birmingham, uk, over a 5-month period in 2005. hev is considered unusual in the uk and generally occurs after travel to endemic regions. only five cases of hepatitis e acquired in the uk have been reported in the literature. this series represents an increase in the local incidence of hepatitis e, particularly that of uk-acquired infection. hev should be considered in all patients with ... | 2006 | 16482543 |
| a truncated hepatitis e virus orf2 protein expressed in tobacco plastids is immunogenic in mice. | to cost-effectively express the 23-ku pe2, the most promising subunit vaccine encoded by the e2 fragment comprising of the 3'-portion of hepatitis e virus (hev) open reading frame 2 (orf2) in plastids of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum cv. sr1), to investigate the transgene expression and pe2 accumulation in plastids, and to evaluate the antigenic effect of the plastid-derived pe2 in mice. | 2006 | 16482635 |
| [two cases of acute hepatitis e in patients with hyperthyroidism]. | acute hepatitis e occur commonly as outbreaks in endemic areas, but can occur sporadically in other part of the world. acute hepatitis e has been reported rarely in korea. a case of concurrent acute hepatitis e virus (hev) infection and hyperthyroidism was reported in an inactive hepatitis b surface antigen carrier. we experienced two cases of concomitant acute hev infection in patients with hyperthyroidism. the first case had acute hev infection with subclinical hyperthyroidism while taking pro ... | 2006 | 16434871 |
| active surveillance for acute viral hepatitis in rural villages in the nile delta. | acute viral hepatitis is less frequent in egypt than serum antibody levels suggest. because acute viral hepatitis has a wide clinical spectrum, we tested the hypothesis that many cases are undetected because of mild illness caused by initial, early-childhood exposure to hepatitis viruses. | 2006 | 16447107 |
| epidemiology and clinical features of sporadic hepatitis e as compared with hepatitis a. | to compare the epidemiology and clinical features of two enterically transmitted hepatitis, namely hepatitis e and hepatitis a. | 2006 | 16454833 |
| molecular analysis of an echovirus 3 strain isolated from an individual concurrently with appearance of islet cell and ia-2 autoantibodies. | growing evidence has implicated members of the genus enterovirus of the family picornaviridae in the etiology of some cases of type 1 diabetes (t1d). to contribute to an understanding of the molecular determinants underlying this association, we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a strain of echovirus 3 (e3), human enterovirus b (hev-b) species, isolated from an individual who soon after virus isolation developed autoantibodies characteristic of t1d. the individual has remained posit ... | 2006 | 16455897 |
| enhanced alpha1 microglobulin secretion from hepatitis e virus orf3-expressing human hepatoma cells is mediated by the tumor susceptibility gene 101. | viruses are known to exploit the host cell machinery for their benefit during different stages of their life cycle within the infected host. one of the major challenges for a virus during the early stages of infection is to escape recognition by the host immune system. viruses have adopted many novel strategies to evade the host immune response or to create an immune suppressed environment. an earlier study in our laboratory has demonstrated that the orf3 protein of the hepatitis e virus expedit ... | 2006 | 16407257 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) antibody and the possible association with chronic liver disease: a case-control study in albania. | a case-control study involving 109 in-patients with chronic liver disease and 190 in-patients with no apparent liver disease was conducted to evaluate the seroprevalence of anti-hev antibodies and the possible association with chronic liver disease. among cases, the anti-hev prevalence was 36.6% which increased significantly by age; among controls, the prevalence was 12.1% (p<0.05) and was similar among age groups <60 years. among cases, aged >50 years (or 4.0, 95% ci 1.4-11) and the presence of ... | 2006 | 16409655 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in wild mongooses of okinawa, japan: demonstration of anti-hev antibodies and a full-genome nucleotide sequence. | hepatitis e virus (hev), a single-strand rna virus, has been recovered not only from human beings but also from various species of animals. here we report our results suggesting that mongoose should be added to the list of reservoir animals of hev. of 100 mongooses we examined in okinawa, japan, 21 were thought to be positive for anti-hev antibodies, among which one was definitely positive for hev rna. full-genome sequencing of the hev isolate revealed that it segregates to a unique subgroup wit ... | 2006 | 16413822 |
| prevalence and risk factors for hev infection in pregnant women. | hepatitis e is an infectious viral disease with clinical and morphological features of acute hepatitis, clinically similar to other forms of acute viral hepatitis except in pregnant women, in whom the illness is particularly severe and has a high mortality rate. the present study was conducted in western turkey to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for hev infection in pregnant women. | 2006 | 16369469 |
| potent neutralization of hendra and nipah viruses by human monoclonal antibodies. | hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv) are closely related emerging viruses comprising the henipavirus genus of the paramyxovirinae. each has a broad species tropism and can cause disease with high mortality in both animal and human hosts. these viruses infect cells by a ph-independent membrane fusion event mediated by their attachment (g) and fusion (f) envelope glycoproteins (envs). seven fabs, m101 to -7, were selected for their significant binding to a soluble form of hendra g (sg) which w ... | 2006 | 16378991 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus infection in japanese children. | recently, sporadic cases of acute hepatitis and fulminant hepatitis caused by hepatitis e virus (hev) have been reported in japan. however, few reports have addressed the issue of hev infection during childhood. | 2006 | 16385260 |
| [effects of different vectors and gene fragments on antigen expression of hepatitis e virus dna immunization]. | to investigate the effects of different vectors and gene fragments on antigen expression of hepatitis e virus (hev) dna immunization. | 2006 | 16388737 |
| high prevalence of hepatitis e antibodies in pregnant egyptian women. | the epidemiology of hepatitis e virus (hev), an enterically-transmitted cause of acute viral hepatitis (avh), is not fully understood. during outbreaks on the indian subcontinent and elsewhere, hev causes severe avh with mortality rates around 20% during pregnancy. in egypt, where prevalence of hev antibodies (anti-hev) in rural communities is very high, severe hev-caused avh in pregnant women has not been reported. this study examined a cohort of 2,428 pregnant women in the nile delta to assess ... | 2006 | 16257426 |
| hepatitis e antibody seroconversion without disease in highly endemic rural egyptian communities. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is enterically transmitted and causes self-limiting acute viral hepatitis (avh) primarily in less developed countries. a prospective cohort study to assess incidence of, and risk factors for, seroconversion to hev (anti-hev) was conducted in two egyptian villages with a 67.7% anti-hev prevalence. nine hundred and nineteen villagers who were initially anti-hev-negative were followed for 10.7 months. thirty-four (3.7%) had strong anti-hev serologic responses at follow-up gi ... | 2006 | 16257427 |
| unexpected high prevalence of igg-antibodies to hepatitis e virus in swedish pig farmers and controls. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infections are responsible for large waterborne outbreaks in developing countries. sporadic cases in the developed world are mainly imported via immigrants and travellers from endemic areas. hev has been suggested to be a zoonotic infection where pigs may be an important reservoir for the disease and specific swine strains of hev have been identified which can infect also humans. the aim of this study was to analyse if swedish pig farmers are more exposed to hev than pers ... | 2006 | 16338839 |
| identification of b-cell epitopes in the capsid protein of avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) that are common to human and swine hevs or unique to avian hev. | avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) was recently discovered in chickens from the usa that had hepatitis-splenomegaly (hs) syndrome. the complete genomic sequence of avian hev shares about 50 % nucleotide sequence identity with those of human and swine hevs. the open reading frame 2 (orf2) protein of avian hev has been shown to cross-react with human and swine hev orf2 proteins, but the b-cell epitopes in the avian hev orf2 protein have not been identified. nine synthetic peptides from the predic ... | 2006 | 16361434 |
| convert hepatitis c virus into a non-enveloped virus like hepatitis a, by targeting its envelope rather than the rna. | based on the current understanding of the differences between the structure of hepatitis c virus (hcv) in one hand and the hepatitis a and e viruses (hav and hev) in the other hand, we hypothesize that converting the hcv into a non-enveloped virus may be the required key step in allowing viral clearance and preventing chronic viremia. better understanding of the structure of hcv envelop, and of the mechanisms involved in its acquisition is essential for the development of agents that can interfe ... | 2006 | 16229965 |
| the effect of antigen targeting sequences on antibody responses to hepatitis e virus dna vaccines in rats and sheep. | expression of the capsid (porf2) protein of hepatitis e virus (hev) in mammalian cells results in heterogeneous intracellular processing with a mixture of stable and rapidly degraded forms, which might be expected to influence immune responses to dna immunisation. plasmids encoding the n-terminal 22 or 50 amino acids of porf2 (sig1 or sig3, respectively) fused at the n-terminus of the orf2.1 antigen of hev (amino acids 394-660 of porf2) were examined for processing in vitro and antibody response ... | 2006 | 16242219 |
| a broadly reactive one-step real-time rt-pcr assay for rapid and sensitive detection of hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is transmitted by the fecal-oral route and causes sporadic and epidemic forms of acute hepatitis. large waterborne hev epidemics have been documented exclusively in developing countries. at least four major genotypes of hev have been reported worldwide: genotype 1 (found primarily in asian countries), genotype 2 (isolated from a single outbreak in mexico), genotype 3 (identified in swine and humans in the united states and many other countries), and genotype 4 (identified ... | 2006 | 16125257 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus antibodies in pigs: implications for human infections in village-based subsistence pig farming in the lao pdr. | we report a high seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus (hev) in pigs in the lao pdr. hev seroprevalence was 51.2% (300/586) amongst abattoir pigs and 15.3% (46/301) amongst village pigs. the age distribution suggested previous in-village hev pig infections. these findings suggest a zoonotic risk associated with village-based smallholder pig farming. | 2007 | 16919692 |
| identification of genotype 3 hepatitis e virus in fecal samples from a pig farm located in a shanghai suburb. | strains of hepatitis e virus (hev) genotypes 1 and 4 have been detected on the chinese mainland although there have been no previous reports of zoonotic genotype 3 hev. in the present study, 65 swine fecal specimens were collected from five pig farms located in different shanghai suburbs. rt-pcr and nested pcr were undertaken using partial nucleotide sequences of open reading frame 2 (orf2) of hev to detect hev rna. genetic analysis was based on alignments of an amplified 150-nt orf2 sequence. r ... | 2007 | 17184935 |
| hepatitis e virus (hev) infection in patients with cirrhosis is associated with rapid decompensation and death. | india is hyper-endemic for hepatitis e virus (hev). hev infection in cirrhosis may cause high mortality. prospective study evaluating hev infection in cirrhotics is scarce. | 2007 | 17125878 |
| identification of genetic diversity of hepatitis e virus (hev) and determination of the seroprevalence of hev in eastern china. | hepatitis e, caused by the hepatitis e virus (hev), is endemic in china. however, the molecular characteristics of hev circulating in eastern china and the seroprevalence of hev infection in eastern china are relatively unknown. in this study, 25 hev strains, isolated from sporadic hepatitis e cases in eastern china, were sequenced in the rna-dependent rna polymerase region and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. these hev strains were 74.6-98.7% identical in nucleotides and were all clustered i ... | 2007 | 17131064 |
| comparison of hepatitis a and e virus infections among healthy children in mongolia: evidence for infection with a subgenotype ia hav in children. | to compare the epidemiologic profiles of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) infections in children in mongolia, the prevalence of hav and hev infections was investigated serologically and molecularly among 717 apparently healthy individuals of 0-20 years of age (mean +/- standard deviation, 8.6 +/- 4.9 years) using serum samples obtained between october 2005 and january 2006. total antibody against hav (anti-hav [total]) was detected in 494 (68.9%) of the 717 subjects, while igg ... | 2007 | 17133554 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus infection among institutionalized psychiatric patients in taiwan. | hepatitis e virus infection (hev) remains unclear in institutionalized psychiatric patients. | 2007 | 17067852 |
| protection of chickens against avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) infection by immunization with recombinant avian hev capsid protein. | avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) is an emerging virus associated with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in chickens in north america. avian hev is genetically and antigenically related to human hev, the causative agent of hepatitis e in humans. in the lack of a practical animal model, avian hev infection in chickens has been used as a model to study human hev replication and pathogenesis. a 32 kda recombinant orf2 capsid protein of avian hev expressed in escherichia coli was found having simila ... | 2007 | 17074425 |
| hepatitis e virus. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is the aetiological agent of non-hav enterically transmitted hepatitis. it is the major cause of sporadic as well as epidemic hepatitis, which is no longer confined to asia and developing countries but has also become a concern of the developed nations. in the indian subcontinent, it accounts for 30-60% of sporadic hepatitis. it is generally accepted that hepatitis e is mostly self-limited and never progresses to chronicity. it has a higher mortality in pregnant women whe ... | 2007 | 17051624 |
| initiation at the third in-frame aug codon of open reading frame 3 of the hepatitis e virus is essential for viral infectivity in vivo. | to determine the initiation strategy of the hepatitis e virus (hev) open reading frame 3 (orf3), we constructed five hev mutants with desired mutations in the orf1 and orf2 junction region and tested their levels of in vivo infectivity in pigs. a mutant with a c-terminally truncated orf3 is noninfectious in pigs, indicating that an intact orf3 is required for in vivo infectivity. mutations with substitutions in the first in-frame aug in the junction region or with the same t insertion at the cor ... | 2007 | 17202216 |
| quantitative analysis of nipah virus proteins released as virus-like particles reveals central role for the matrix protein. | nipah virus (niv) is an emerging paramyxovirus distinguished by its ability to cause fatal disease in both animal and human hosts. together with hendra virus (hev), they comprise the genus henipavirus in the paramyxoviridae family. niv and hev are also restricted to biosafety level-4 containment and this has hampered progress towards examining details of their replication and morphogenesis. here, we have established recombinant expression systems to study niv particle assembly and budding throug ... | 2007 | 17204159 |
| the first experimental study on a candidate combined vaccine against hepatitis a and hepatitis e. | to test the possibility of developing a combined vaccine against hepatitis a and e, groups of mice were immunized with different formulations containing different dosages of a commercially inactivated hepatitis a vaccine and a candidate recombinant hepatitis e vaccine. monovalent vaccine components were used as controls. the experimental results showed that the combined vaccine could induce neutralizing antibodies against both hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) effectively in mi ... | 2007 | 17156900 |
| a survey of zoonotic pathogens carried by norway rats in baltimore, maryland, usa. | norway rats (rattus norvegicus) carry several zoonotic pathogens and because rats and humans live in close proximity in urban environments, there exists potential for transmission. to identify zoonotic agents carried by rats in baltimore, maryland, usa, we live-trapped 201 rats during 2005-2006 and screened them for a panel of viruses, bacteria, and parasites. antibodies against seoul virus (57.7%), hepatitis e virus (hev, 73.5%), leptospira interrogans (65.3%), bartonella elizabethae (34.1%), a ... | 2007 | 17224086 |
| cytoplasmic localization of the orf2 protein of hepatitis e virus is dependent on its ability to undergo retrotranslocation from the endoplasmic reticulum. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a positive-strand rna virus that is prevalent in much of the developing world. orf2 is the major capsid protein of hev. although orf2 is an n-linked glycoprotein, it is abundantly located in the cytoplasm in addition to having membrane and surface localization. the mechanism by which orf2 protein obtains access to the cytoplasm is unknown. in this report, we prove that initially all orf2 protein is present in the endoplasmic reticulum and a fraction of it becomes retro ... | 2007 | 17229684 |
| a simple, rapid, and sensitive integrated protein microarray for simultaneous detection of multiple antigens and antibodies of five human hepatitis viruses (hbv, hcv, hdv, hev, and hgv). | protein microarrays for parallel detection of multiple viral antigens and antibodies have not yet been described in the field of human hepatitis virus infections. here, we describe a simple, rapid and sensitive integrated protein microarray with three different reaction models. the integrated protein microarray could simultaneously determine in human sera two viral antigens (hbsag, hbeag) and seven viral antibodies (hbsab, hbcab, hbeab, hcvab, hdvab, hevab, hgvab) of human hepatitis viruses with ... | 2007 | 17239337 |
| swine-like hepatitis e viruses are a cause of unexplained hepatitis in the netherlands. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infections in developed countries are recognized as an imported disease related to travel to endemic regions. however, increasing evidence suggests that hev infection may also occur in the developed countries and that swine may act as a possible reservoir. to investigate the indigenous transmission of hev in the netherlands, sera from 50 blood donors and 1027 sera from patients with acute hepatitis were screened with an elisa for hev-specific igg and igm. because the neth ... | 2007 | 17244254 |
| inhibition of henipavirus infection by nipah virus attachment glycoprotein occurs without cell-surface downregulation of ephrin-b2 or ephrin-b3. | nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus (hev) are newly identified members of the family paramyxoviridae and have been classified in the new genus henipavirus based on unique genetic characteristics distinct from other paramyxoviruses. transgenic cell lines were generated that expressed either the attachment protein (g) or the fusion protein (f) of niv. functional expression of niv f and g was verified by complementation with the corresponding glycoprotein, which resulted in the development of syncyt ... | 2007 | 17251577 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus rna from the bivalve yamato-shijimi (corbicula japonica) in japan. | to evaluate whether bivalves are contaminated with hepatitis e virus (hev), samples of a bivalve called yamato-shijimi (corbicula japonica) were examined for hev by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. genotype 3 hev was detected from 2 of 32 packages of yamato-shijimi obtained from japanese rivers, which indicated that hev contaminates river water in japan. | 2007 | 17255247 |
| full-length sequences of two hepatitis e virus isolates representing an eastern china-indigenous subgroup of genotype 4. | although the majority of hepatitis e virus (hev) infections in japan are 'domestic' due to the presence of indigenous strains, there are still 'imported' cases as well. among 83 patients with non-a, non-b and non-c acute liver diseases admitted to saitama medical university hospital, 7 (8.4%) were positive for serum hev-rna, of whom 2 had a recent history of traveling to china, one to xian and another to shanghai. we determined the full-genome sequences of hev from these 2 patients (isolate name ... | 2007 | 17259737 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus-specific immunoglobulin a in patients infected with hepatitis e virus genotype 1 or 3. | currently, diagnosis of acute hepatitis e virus (hev) in patients is primarily based on anti-hev immunoglobulin m (igm) detection. however, several investigations suggest the use of hev-specific iga for diagnosing acute hev infections. we evaluated two commercially available assays, an iga enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) (diacheck) and an adapted immunoblot protocol (mikrogen) for iga detection and compared the performance in genotype 1- and 3-infected patients. the specificity of the ... | 2007 | 17267585 |
| association of hepatitis e virus (hev) and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) with lesions of hepatitis in pigs. | the aim of the study was to determine the presence of swine hepatitis e virus (hev) rna and antibodies in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome-affected (n=114) and non-affected (n=46) pigs and the possible association with hepatitis lesions. forty-four pigs were rt-pcr positive (28.2%); 25 of them were pmws cases, while 19 were non-pmws pigs. in both groups, hev rt-pcr results were associated with hepatitis (or=5.61 for pmws-affected pigs and or=5.17 for non-pmws affected pigs; p=0.01). no ... | 2007 | 17270366 |
| human enterovirus 71 disease in sarawak, malaysia: a prospective clinical, virological, and molecular epidemiological study. | human enterovirus (hev)-71 causes large outbreaks of hand-foot-and-mouth disease with central nervous system (cns) complications, but the role of hev-71 genogroups or dual infection with other viruses in causing severe disease is unclear. | 2007 | 17278054 |
| hepatitis e virus infection in work horses in egypt. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important cause of hepatitis among young egyptian adults with high seroprevalence rates seen in both rural areas of the nile delta and in suburban cairo. because natural antibodies to hev have been detected in animals and zoonotic transmission is postulated, we surveyed work horses in cairo for evidence of hev exposure and viremia. sera from 200 cairo work horses were tested by elisa for the presence of igg anti-hev antibody revealed a seropositivity of 13%. among 1 ... | 2007 | 17046335 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus in liver, mesenteric lymph node, serum, bile and faeces of naturally infected pigs affected by different pathological conditions. | the objective of the present study was to detect hepatitis e virus (hev) in different samples from naturally infected pigs and to characterise genetically the detected strains. serum, bile, liver, lymph nodes and faeces of 69 animals from 1 week to 4 months of age with different pathological conditions were collected. reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) to detect hev and histopathology of tissues was conducted. positive rt-pcr samples were sequenced and phylogenetically anal ... | 2007 | 16997512 |
| identification, phenotypic analysis, and full-length nucleotide sequence of a dutch coxsackievirus a20 isolate. | recombination between (human) enteroviruses is a common event in nature. recently, it has been recognised that this feature has a major impact on the use of the live-attenuated polio vaccine during the end stage of polio eradication. the constraints for successful recombination between (vaccine-derived) polioviruses and human enteroviruses are, however, largely unknown. here, we describe the identification and characterisation of a hev-c field strain, isolated from the stool of a 2-year-old dutc ... | 2007 | 16964555 |
| prevalence and genotyping of hepatitis e virus in swine population in korea between 1995 and 2004: a retrospective study. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infections have been reported in pigs throughout the world but have only recently been recorded in korean pigs. the aim of this study was to investigate whether hev was present in archived porcine hepatic tissues collected between 1995 and 2004 using rt-pcr and immunohistochemistry and, if so, to determine the genotype of the isolates. swine hev was identified in the liver tissue of 42 pigs of 388 submissions (four pigs every year on average). the isolates showed genetic ... | 2007 | 16624599 |
| seropositivity and pattern of viral hepatitis in clinically suspected cases of hepatitis in dhaka city. | an attempt was made to see the seropositivity and pattern of four common hepatotrophic viruses (hbv, hcv, hev, hav) in patients suspected to have been suffering from viral hepatitis. blood samples from 2,995 cases of suspected hbv infection, 331 from hcv, 155 from hev and 24 from hav were tested for these viral markers. of these a total of 245 (8.1%) were positive for hbsag, 18 (5.4%) for hcv, 87 (56.1%) for hev and 8 (33.3%) were positive for hav infection. the predominant age group affected in ... | 2007 | 18783066 |
| isolation of human antibodies against hepatitis e virus from phage display library by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. | to isolate human antibodies against hepatitis e virus from phage display library by a new method of panning phage antibody library based on immobilized metal affinity chromatography (imac). | 2007 | 18348408 |
| evaluation of two anti-hepatitis e virus igm kits. | to evaluate two commercial anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) igm kits used for differential diagnosis of acute enteric viral hepatitis. | 2007 | 18348412 |
| [isolation of hepatitis e virus from liver of swine at abattoirs in shandong province]. | to determine the prevalence and genotype of hepatitis e virus (hev) in swine liver before on the market and to analyze the phylogenetic relationship between the isolates from swine and human. | 2007 | 18399152 |
| aetiology, clinical profile and prognostic indicators for children with acute liver failure admitted in a teaching hospital in kolkata. | to estimate the prevalence of hepatotropic viruses in the causation of acute liver failure in children admitted to a tertiary hospital in kolkata. | 2007 | 18384007 |
| difference of t cell and b cell activation in two homologous proteins with similar antigenicity but great distinct immunogenicity. | the candidate particulate hepatitis e vaccine, hev 239, has been shown to be an efficacious vaccine in primates, and clinical study to date shows it to be safe and immunogenic for humans. the antigenicity of hev 239 is virtually identical to its n-terminal 26 amino acids truncated protein, e2, which is not particulate but soluble. however, hev 239 is over 200 times more immunogenic than e2. in present study, several events underlying this dramatic immunogenicity difference have been addressed. ( ... | 2007 | 17408743 |
| postinfantile giant cell hepatitis due to hepatitis e virus along with the presence of autoantibodies. | 2007 | 17410455 | |
| egg whites from eggs of chickens infected experimentally with avian hepatitis e virus contain infectious virus, but evidence of complete vertical transmission is lacking. | avian hepatitis e virus (hev) is genetically and antigenically related to human hev. vertical transmission of hev has been reported in humans, but not in other animals. in this study, we showed that avian hev could be detected in chicken egg-white samples. subsequently, avian hev in egg white was found to be infectious, as evidenced by the appearance of viraemia, faecal virus shedding and seroconversion in chickens inoculated with avian hev-positive egg white, but not in chickens inoculated with ... | 2007 | 17412983 |
| analysis of the complete genomic sequence of an apparently avirulent strain of avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) identified major genetic differences compared with the prototype pathogenic strain of avian hev. | avian hepatitis e virus (hev) was identified from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome. in this study, the complete genomic sequence of an apparently avirulent strain of avian hev was determined to be 6649 nt in length, excluding the poly(a) tail, which is 5 nt shorter than the prototype avian hev. sequence analyses revealed that the orf1 has 89.6% nucleotide sequence identity, with numerous non-silent mutations and deletions, compared to the prototype strain. the orf2 capsid gene showe ... | 2007 | 17412984 |
| cellular immune responses in acute hepatitis e virus infection to the viral open reading frame 2 protein. | hepatitis e virus (hev) causes acute viral hepatitis and is endemic in the developing world. few data are available on cellular immune responses in hev infection. using flow cytometry, we studied the frequencies of peripheral blood cd4(+) /cd8(+) t cells secreting interferon (ifn)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, and interleukin (il)-4 in 21 patients with acute hepatitis e and 18 healthy controls, after stimulation with the hev capsid (orf2) protein. cytokine levels in serum specimens a ... | 2007 | 17425421 |
| [hepatitis e virus infection in population of non-remunerate blood donors in shaoxing]. | to investigate the incidence of hev infection in population of non-remunerate blood donors in shaoxing. | 2007 | 17429528 |
| [evaluation of the elisa diagnostic kits for hepatitis e virus antibody in the reference serum, the suspect patients of hepatitis e and normal persons' sera]. | to evaluate the quality of the elisa diagnostic kits for detecting hepatitis e virus (hev) specific igg antibody. | 2007 | 17429538 |
| prevalence of antibody to hepatitis e virus among wild sika deer, cervus nippon, in japan. | we examined 976 sika deer serum samples, 159 liver tissue samples and 88 stool samples collected from 16 prefectures in japan, and performed elisa and rt-pcr assays to detect antibodies to hev and hev rna, respectively. although 25 (2.6%) of 976 samples were positive for anti-hev igg, the antibody titers were very low. the od values ranged between 0.018 and 0.486, forming a single distribution rather than a bimodal distribution, suggesting that the antibody detected in this study was not induced ... | 2007 | 17431737 |
| fulminant hepatic failure in an african setting: etiology, clinical course, and predictors of mortality. | this is prospective cross-sectional study on 37 patients presenting to different hospitals in khartoum state, sudan, sought to determine the etiology, clinical course, and predictors of mortality in patients presenting with fulminant hepatic failure (fhf). patients were subclassified into hyperacute, acute, and subacute fhf; all sera were tested for hepatitis a, b, c, and e; negative samples were tested for antinuclear antibodies and anti-smooth muscle antibodies. the commonest etiologic factors ... | 2007 | 17436091 |
| the two clinico-epidemiological forms of hepatitis e. | 2007 | 17439517 | |
| fulminant liver failure from acute autochthonous hepatitis e in france: description of seven patients with acute hepatitis e and encephalopathy. | fulminant hepatitis e has not been well characterized in industrialized countries. the aim of this study was to prospectively describe patients with acute hepatitis e presenting as fulminant hepatic failure, i.e. with encephalopathy and prothrombin index <50%. between february 1997 and april 2005, seven patients with encephalopathy were diagnosed with acute hepatitis e using viral rna detection. these patients were compared with 33 patients diagnosed with a mild form (absence of encephalopathy) ... | 2007 | 17439518 |
| autochthonous hepatitis e in southwest england. | although autochthonous hepatitis e has been reported in developed countries, its extent and nature in the united kingdom are unclear. the aim of the present study was to report the natural history, lifestyle risk factors and molecular epidemiology of autochthonous hepatitis e infection in southwest england. three hundred and thirty-three patients with unexplained hepatitis were tested for markers of hepatitis e virus (hev) infection over a 7-year period. hev rna isolated from the cases was ampli ... | 2007 | 17439519 |
| hepatitis e virus infection among animals in northern india: an unlikely source of human disease. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is a major cause of acute hepatitis in many developing countries. based on data from nonendemic regions, an animal reservoir of hev has been proposed; however, data from hev-endemic regions are limited. we tested sera from 200 pigs, 98 chickens, 86 goats, 58 sheep and 30 buffaloes for anti-hev igg using two different enzyme immunoassays. specificity of the detected antibodies was confirmed using inhibition assays. stool specimens from 210 pigs, 94 piglets and 37 sheep wer ... | 2007 | 17439520 |
| hepatitis e virus infection and fulminant hepatic failure during pregnancy. | hepatitis e virus (hev) infection leading to fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) and high mortality is a common feature in indian women during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. an altered status of hormones and immunity are observed during pregnancy but the actual cause of high mortality is still unknown. the present study was carried out to analyze cd3, cd4 and cd8 t cell counts and to assay the level of pregnancy-related hormones such as estrogen, progesterone and beta-hcg in order to ... | 2007 | 17444855 |
| [immunogenicity of experimentally combined hepatitis a and hepatitis e vaccine at different dosage ratio]. | to evaluate the immunogenicity of experimentally combined hepatitis a and hepatitis e (cha+e) vaccine and analyze the interactions between the two antigenic components in vaccine. | 2007 | 17286906 |
| detection of hepatitis e virus rna in sera of patients with hepatitis e by polymerase chain reaction. | the duration of viremia during hepatitis e virus (hev) infection has rarely been reported. this study was undertaken to detect hev rna in sera of patients with hepatitis e and to understand the process of hev infection more thoroughly. | 2007 | 17287164 |
| t-cell epitope mapping of orf2 and orf3 proteins of human hepatitis e virus. | little data are available on cellular immune responses during infection with hepatitis e virus (hev). we therefore mapped cd4 t-cell epitopes in open reading frame (orf)2 and orf3 proteins of hev using lymphocyte proliferation assays and overlapping peptide libraries. proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 40 patients with acute hepatitis e and 21 healthy controls with recombinant hev orf2 protein or pools of overlapping hev orf2/orf3 peptides was measured. hla-dqb1 and hla-drb ... | 2007 | 17381721 |
| identification of hendra virus g glycoprotein residues that are critical for receptor binding. | hendra virus (hev) is an emerging paramyxovirus capable of infecting and causing disease in a variety of mammalian species, including humans. the virus infects its host cells through the coordinated functions of its fusion (f) and attachment (g) glycoproteins, the latter of which is responsible for binding the virus receptors ephrinb2 and ephrinb3. in order to identify the receptor binding site, a panel of g glycoprotein constructs containing mutations was generated using an alanine-scanning mut ... | 2007 | 17376907 |
| neutralization assays for differential henipavirus serology using bio-plex protein array systems. | hendra virus (hev) and nipah virus (niv) are related emerging paramyxoviruses classified in the genus henipavirus. both cause fatal disease in animals and humans and are classified as biosafety level 4 pathogens. here we detail two new multiplexed microsphere assays, one for antibody detection and differentiation and another designed as a surrogate for virus neutralization. both assays utilize recombinant soluble attachment glycoproteins (sg) whereas the latter incorporates the cellular receptor ... | 2007 | 17292974 |
| transmission of hepatitis e virus. | 2007 | 17293584 | |
| single nucleotide polymorphism profiling assay to exclude serum sample mix-up. | sample mix-ups are a threat to the validity of clinical laboratory test results. to detect serum sample mix-ups we developed a single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) profiling test. snps are frequent sequence variations in the human genome. each individual has a unique combination of these nucleotide variations. | 2007 | 17298578 |