Publications

a dna vaccine encoding the 42 kda c-terminus of merozoite surface protein 1 of plasmodium falciparum induces antibody, interferon-gamma and cytotoxic t cell responses in rhesus monkeys: immuno-stimulatory effects of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor.	we have constructed a dna plasmid vaccine encoding the c-terminal 42-kda region of the merozoite surface protein 1 (pmsp1(42)) from the 3d7 strain of plasmodium falciparum (pf3d7). this plasmid expressed recombinant msp1(42) after in vitro transfection in mouse vm92 cells. rhesus monkeys immunized with pmsp1(42) produced antibodies reactive with pf3d7 infected erythrocytes by ifat, and by elisa against yeast produced msp1(19) (ymsp1(19)). immunization also induced antigen specific t cell respons ...	2002	11841841
the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter, glut4, interacts physically with daxx. two proteins with capacity to bind ubc9 and conjugated to sumo1.	in this study we have used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify proteins that interact with the carboxyl-cytoplasmic domain (residues 464-509) of the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter glut4 (c-glut4). using as bait c-glut4, we have isolated the carboxyl domain of daxx (c-daxx), the adaptor protein associated with the fas and the type ii tgf-beta (tbetarii) receptors (1,2 ). the two-hybrid interaction between c-glut4 and c-daxx is validated by the ability of in vitro translated c-glut4 to ...	2002	11842083
wasp verprolin homology, cofilin homology, and acidic region domain-mediated actin polymerization is required for t cell development.	all members of the wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (wasp) family contain a carboxyl-terminal verprolin homology, cofilin homology, and acidic region (vca) domain that binds and activates the arp2/3 complex, thereby linking these proteins to the induction of actin polymerization. although the vca domain imbues wasp and other wasp family members with the capacity to modulate cytoskeletal organization, little is known about the impact of this domain activity on lymphoid cell function. here we demo ...	2002	11842211
the egf-like homeotic protein dlk affects cell growth and interacts with growth-modulating molecules in the yeast two-hybrid system.	levels of dlk, an egf-like homeotic protein, are critical for several differentiation processes. because growth and differentiation are, in general, exclusive of each other, and increasing evidence indicates that dlk1 expression changes in tumorigenic processes, we studied whether dlk could also affect cell growth. we found that, in response to glucocorticoids, balb/c 3t3 cells with diminished levels of dlk expression develop foci-like cells that have lost contact inhibition, display altered mor ...	2002	11846389
inhibition of human endothelial cell proliferation by shif, a vacuolar h(+)-atpase-like protein.	shif is a bone marrow stroma cell-derived factor originally identified to support proliferation of bone marrow cells in vitro. this protein shares high sequence homology to the yeast vacuolar h(+)-atpase subunit, vph1p, and the 116 kda proton pump of the rat and bovine synaptic vesicle, vpp1. we examined the function of shif in the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvec). shif inhibited huvec proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. recombinant shif added at 10 and 20 ng ...	2002	11850812
noninvasive quantitative imaging of protein-protein interactions in living subjects.	we are developing methods to image molecular and cellular events in living subjects. in this study, we validate imaging of protein-protein interactions in living mice by using bioluminescent optical imaging. we use the well studied yeast two-hybrid system adapted for mammalian cells and modify it to be inducible. we employ the nf-kappab promoter to drive expression of two fusion proteins (vp16-myod and gal4-id). we modulate the nf-kappab promoter through tumor necrosis factor alpha. firefly luci ...	2002	11854471
dematin interacts with the ras-guanine nucleotide exchange factor ras-grf2 and modulates mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.	erythroid dematin is a major component of red blood cell junctional complexes that link the spectrin-actin cytoskeleton to the overlying plasma membrane. transcripts of dematin are widely distributed including human brain, heart, lung, skeletal muscle, and kidney. in vitro, dematin binds and bundles actin filaments in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. the primary structure of dematin consists of a c-terminal domain homologous to the 'headpiece' domain of villin, an actin-binding protein of the ...	2002	11856323
the second largest subunit of mouse dna polymerase epsilon, dpe2, interacts with sap18 and recruits the sin3 co-repressor protein to dna.	dna polymerase epsilon is essential for cell viability and chromosomal dna replication in budding yeast. in addition, dna polymerase epsilon may be involved in dna repair and cell-cycle checkpoint control. the enzyme consists of at least four subunits in mammalian cells as well as in yeast. the largest subunit of dna polymerase epsilon is responsible for polymerase activity. to date, the functions of the other subunits have remained unknown. with a view to elucidating the functions of the second ...	2002	11872158
the organization of physcomitrella patensrad51 genes is unique among eukaryotic organisms.	genetic recombination pathways and genes are well studied, but relatively little is known in plants, especially in lower plants. to study the recombination apparatus of a lower land plant, a recombination gene well characterized particularly in yeast, mouse, and man, the rad51 gene, was isolated from the moss physcomitrella patens and characterized. two highly homologous rad51 genes were found to be present. duplicated rad51 genes have been found thus far exclusively in eukaryotes with duplicate ...	2002	11880641
[heme metabolism in stress response].	heme and its metabolism fulfill significant roles in many homeostatic and adaptative reactions. for example, heme (protein) senses oxygen concentration to regulate hypoxia response genes such as erythropoietin, and free heme, a proxidant, controls levels of several oxidative stress response proteins as well as that of a few enzymes in the heme metabolic pathway. heme oxygenase (ho) is the key enzyme in heme catabolism, which degrades heme to fe, co, and biliverdin. co is known as a gaseous messe ...	2002	11868390
regulation of endocytosis of activin type ii receptors by a novel pdz protein through ral/ral-binding protein 1-dependent pathway.	using yeast two-hybrid screening, we have identified a mouse postsynaptic density 95/discs large/zona occludens-1 (pdz) protein that interacts with activin type ii receptors (actriis). we named the protein activin receptor-interacting protein 2 (arip2). arip2 was found to have one pdz domain in the nh(2)-terminal region and interact specifically with actriis among the receptors for the transforming growth factor beta family by the pdz domain. interestingly, overexpression of arip2 enhances endoc ...	2002	11882656
a 320-kilobase artificial chromosome encoding the human hla dr3-dq2 mhc haplotype confers hla restriction in transgenic mice.	mhc class ii haplotypes control the specificity of th immune responses and susceptibility to many autoimmune diseases. understanding the role of hla class ii haplotypes in immunity is hampered by the lack of animal models expressing these genes as authentic cis-haplotypes. in this study we describe transgenic expression of the autoimmune prone hla dr3-dq2 haplotype from a yeast artificial chromosome (yac) containing an intact similar320-kb region from hla dra to dqb2. in yac-transgenic mice hla ...	2002	11884478
characterization of a novel gene adjacent to pax6, revealing synteny conservation with functional significance.	the human eye anomaly aniridia is normally caused by intragenic mutations of pax6. several cases of aniridia are, however, associated with chromosomal rearrangements that leave the pax6 gene intact. we have identified and characterized a novel gene, paxneb (c11orf19), downstream (telomeric) of pax6. sequence analysis, including interspecies comparisons, show this gene to consist of 10 exons, with an unusually large final intron spanning 134 kb in human and 18 kb in fugu. this intron is disrupted ...	2002	11889558
rgs3 interacts with 14-3-3 via the n-terminal region distinct from the rgs (regulator of g-protein signalling) domain.	rgs3 belongs to a family of the regulators of g-protein signalling (rgs), which bind and inhibit the g alpha subunits of heterotrimeric g-proteins via a homologous rgs domain. increasing evidence suggests that rgs proteins can also interact with targets other than g-proteins. employing yeast two-hybrid screening of a cdna library, we identified an interaction between rgs3 and the phosphoserine-binding protein 14-3-3. this interaction was confirmed by in vitro binding and co-immunoprecipitation e ...	2002	11985497
murine apg12p has a substrate preference for murine apg7p over three apg8p homologs.	apg7p is a unique e1 enzyme which is essential for both the apg12p- and apg8p-modification systems, and plays indispensable roles in yeast autophagy. a cdna encoding murine apg7p homolog (mapg7p) was isolated from a mouse brain cdna library. the predicted amino acid sequence of the clone shows a significant homology to human apg7p and yeast apg7p. murine apg12p as well as the three mammalian apg8p homologs co-immunoprecipitate with mapg7p. site-directed mutagenesis revealed that an active-site c ...	2002	11890701
mrna expression profiling of laser microbeam microdissected cells from slender embryonic structures.	microarray hybridization has rapidly evolved as an important tool for genomic studies and studies of gene regulation at the transcriptome level. expression profiles from homogenous samples such as yeast and mammalian cell cultures are currently extending our understanding of biology, whereas analyses of multicellular organisms are more difficult because of tissue complexity. the combination of laser microdissection, rna amplification, and microarray hybridization has the potential to provide exp ...	2002	11891179
the pdz proteins pick1, grip, and syntenin bind multiple glutamate receptor subtypes. analysis of pdz binding motifs.	using sequence homology searches, yeast two-hybrid assays and glutathione s-transferase (gst)-pull-down approaches we have identified a series of glutamate receptor subunits that interact differentially with the pdz proteins grip, pick1, and syntenin. gst-pull-down experiments identified more interactions than detected by yeast two-hybrid assays. we report several receptor-protein interactions, strong ones include: (i) grip and syntenin with mglur7a, mglur4a, and mglur6; (ii) pick1 and grip with ...	2002	11891216
nuclear receptor corepressor-dependent repression of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor delta-mediated transactivation.	the nuclear receptor corepressor (ncor) was isolated as a peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (ppar) delta interacting protein using the yeast two-hybrid system. ncor interacted strongly with the ligand-binding domain of ppar delta, whereas interactions with the ligand-binding domains of ppar gamma and ppar alpha were significantly weaker. ppar-ncor interactions were antagonized by ligands in the two-hybrid system, but were ligand-insensitive in in vitro pull-down assays. interaction betw ...	2002	11903058
molecular cloning and sequence analysis of full-length cdnas encoding new group of cyn d 1 isoallergens.	cyn d 1, the major allergen of bermuda grass pollen, contains some acidic/basic isoforms. the n-terminal amino acid sequences of some acidic cyn d 1 isoforms were found to be different from those of cyn d 1 cdna clones identified previously.	2002	11906335
defective prelamin a processing and muscular and adipocyte alterations in zmpste24 metalloproteinase-deficient mice.	the mouse ortholog of human face-1, zmpste24, is a multispanning membrane protein widely distributed in mammalian tissues and structurally related to afc1p/ste24p, a yeast metalloproteinase involved in the maturation of fungal pheromones. disruption of the gene zmpste24 caused severe growth retardation and premature death in homozygous-null mice. histopathological analysis of the mutant mice revealed several abnormalities, including dilated cardiomyopathy, muscular dystrophy and lipodystrophy. t ...	2002	11923874
functional analysis of a vacuolar abc transporter in wild-type candida albicans reveals its involvement in virulence.	atp-driven transport proteins belonging to the atp-binding cassette (abc) superfamily perform important functions in cell metabolism and detoxification. compounds can be actively transported across membranes, including the plasma membrane or organellar membranes. the vacuole is an important organelle in fungal cells required for compartmentalization of metabolites as well as toxic substances. sequestration into the vacuole is often energy-dependent. we present the first isolation and molecular a ...	2002	11929516
roles of nrf2 in activation of antioxidant enzyme genes via antioxidant responsive elements.		2002	11885271
correlations between mrna expression levels and gc contents of coding and untranslated regions of genes in rodents.	gene expression is regulated by a highly coordinated network of events whose efficiency may constrain the level of expression. among other factors, natural selection for increased translational efficiency and/or fidelity may shape nucleotide composition and, hence, codon usage during evolution. previous studies have shown that highly expressed genes in saccharomyces cerevisiae, caenorhabditis elegans, and drosophila melanogaster have relatively higher codon usage biases. however, in the case of ...	2002	11734896
interaction of ced-6/gulp, an adapter protein involved in engulfment of apoptotic cells with ced-1 and cd91/low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (lrp).	the prompt clearance of cells undergoing apoptosis is critical during embryonic development, normal tissue turnover, as well as inflammation and autoimmunity. the molecular details of the engulfment of apoptotic cells are not fully understood. ced-6 and its human homologue gulp, encode an adapter protein, whose function in engulfment is highly evolutionarily conserved; however, the upstream and downstream components of ced-6 mediated signaling are not known. recently, ced-1 has been shown to enc ...	2002	11729193
identification and characterization of agtrap, a human homolog of murine angiotensin ii receptor-associated protein (agtrap).	several classes of cytoplasmic proteins have been found to interact specifically with the carboxyl-terminal cytoplasmic region of the angiotensin ii type 1 (at(1)) receptor to regulate different aspects of at(1) receptor physiology. the murine angiotensin ii receptor-associated protein (agtrap) is a new member of them. we have recently cloned a new human gene cdna that codes for a homolog of the murine agtrap protein from a human fetal brain cdna library. the deduced polypeptide product of the c ...	2002	11733189
olf-1/early b cell factor is a regulator of glut4 gene expression in 3t3-l1 adipocytes.	a negative regulatory element in the 5'-flanking region of the murine glut4 gene mediates chronic insulin- and camp-induced repression in 3t3-l1 adipocytes. previous work demonstrated that members of the nuclear factor 1 (nf1) family of transcription factors and an unidentified factor bind to and mediate repression from this regulatory element. by using a yeast one-hybrid screen, olf-1/early b cell factor (o/e-1) was isolated as a candidate for this unidentified factor. a protein complex from 3t ...	2002	11696544
multi-pdz domain protein 1 (mupp1) is concentrated at tight junctions through its possible interaction with claudin-1 and junctional adhesion molecule.	claudins, most of which end in valine at their cooh termini, constitute tight junction (tj) strands, suggesting that tj strands strongly attract pdz-containing proteins. indeed, zo-1, -2, and -3, each of which contains three pdz domains, were shown to directly bind to claudins. using the yeast two-hybrid system, we identified zo-1 and mupp1 (multi-pdz domain protein 1) as binding partners for the cooh terminus of claudin-1. mupp1 has been identified as a protein that contains 13 pdz domains, but ...	2002	11689568
a novel germ line-specific gene of the phosducin-like protein (phlp) family. a meiotic function conserved from yeast to mice.	we identified a new member of the phosducin-like (phlp) protein family that is predominantly, if not exclusively, expressed in male and female germ cells. in situ analysis on testis sections and analysis of purified spermatogenic cell fractions evidenced a stage-specific expression with high levels of rna and protein in pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids. three mrna species were detected, which correspond to different polyadenylation sites and vary in abundance during germ cell maturat ...	2003	12424248
lxxll-related motifs in dax-1 have target specificity for the orphan nuclear receptors ad4bp/sf-1 and lrh-1.	the orphan receptor ad4bp/sf-1 (nr5a1) is a constitutive activator, and its activity is repressed by another orphan receptor, dax-1 (nr0b1). in the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying this repression by dax-1. yeast two-hybrid and transient-transfection assays confirmed the necessity of three lxxll-related motifs in dax-1 for interaction with and repression of ad4bp/sf-1. in vitro pull-down experiments confirmed that dax-1 interacts with ad4bp/sf-1 and also with lr ...	2003	12482977
the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (car) forms a complex with the pdz domain-containing protein ligand-of-numb protein-x (lnx).	the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (car) functions as a virus receptor, but its primary biological function is unknown. a yeast two-hybrid screen was used to identify ligand-of-numb protein-x (lnx) as a binding partner to the intracellular tail of car. lnx harbors several protein-protein interacting domains, including four pdz domains, and was previously shown to bind to and regulate the expression level of the cell-fate determinant numb. car was able to bind lnx both in vivo and in vitr ...	2003	12468544
inactivation of kex2p diminishes the virulence of candida albicans.	deletion of the kexin gene (kex2) in candida albicans has a pleiotropic effect on phenotype and virulence due partly to a defect in the expression of two major virulence factors: the secretion of active aspartyl proteinases and the formation of hyphae. kex2/kex2 mutants are highly attenuated in a mouse systemic infection model and persist within cultured macrophages for at least 24 h without causing damage. pathology is modest, with little disruption of kidney matrix. the infecting mutant cells ...	2003	12419804
mouse mu opioid receptor distal promoter transcriptional regulation by sox proteins.	we have identified transcription factors that bind to specific sequences in 5'-distal promoter regulatory sequences of the mouse mu opioid receptor (mor) promoter using the yeast one-hybrid system. the sequence between -746 and -707 in mor distal promoter was used as the bait because it acts as a functional promoter element and binds several dna-binding proteins. from an adult mouse brain cdna library, five cdna clones encoding three sox gene family (sry like high mobility group (hmg) box gene) ...	2003	12446692
human kallikrein 13: production and purification of recombinant protein and monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, and development of a sensitive and specific immunofluorometric assay.	the aims of this study were to develop immunologic reagents and a sensitive and specific immunoassay for human kallikrein 13 (hk13) and to examine the presence of hk13 in human tissues and biological fluids.	2003	12507963
the mammalian sir2alpha protein has a role in embryogenesis and gametogenesis.	the yeast sir2p protein has an essential role in maintaining telomeric and mating type genes in their transcriptionally inactive state. mammalian cells have a very large proportion of their genome inactive and also contain seven genes that have regions of homology with the yeast sir2 gene. one of these mammalian genes, sir2alpha, is the presumptive mammalian homologue of the yeast sir2 gene. we set out to determine if sir2alpha plays a role in mammalian gene silencing by creating a strain of mic ...	2003	12482959
nuclear localization of senescence marker protein-30, smp30, in cultured mouse hepatocytes and its similarity to rna polymerase.	senescence marker protein-30 (smp30), expressed mostly in the liver, protects cells against various injuries by stimulating membrane calcium-pump activity. by immunohistochemistry and western blotting, we found that smp30 was in both the nuclei and cytoplasm of cultured mouse hepatocytes. by a homology search, we found that a domain of the smp30 sequence 51 amino acid residues long was 60-66% similar to bacterial and yeast rna polymerases.	2003	12619687
trapping and characterization of novel retinoid response elements.	retinoids, such as retinoic acid (ra), play a critical role in normal vertebrate development and physiology. however, embryonic exposure to excess retinoids also causes severe malformations. retinoids bind ra receptors and retinoid x receptors, thus activating a plethora of genes. separating the genes induced directly by retinoid-bound receptors from those induced subsequently by other transcription factors is difficult. the loose consensus defining known ra responsive elements (rares) further c ...	2003	12511604
basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor epicardin/capsulin/pod-1 suppresses differentiation by negative regulation of transcription.	epicardin/capsulin/pod-1, expressed in skeletal myoblasts within brachial arches and in the condensing mesenchyme, is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) transcription factor family that is involved in various cell differentiation processes. in this study, we examined the functional properties of epicardin/capsulin/pod-1 in differentiation. the yeast and mammalian two-hybrid systems showed physical associations between epicardin/capsulin/pod-1 and e2a, both of which were present in the ...	2003	12493738
nlsdb: database of nuclear localization signals.	nlsdb is a database of nuclear localization signals (nlss) and of nuclear proteins. nlss are short stretches of residues mediating transport of nuclear proteins into the nucleus. the database contains 114 experimentally determined nlss that were obtained through an extensive literature search. using 'in silico mutagenesis' this set was extended to 308 experimental and potential nlss. this final set matched over 43% of all known nuclear proteins and matches no currently known non-nuclear protein. ...	2003	12520032
isolation and characterization of an avirulent candida albicans yeast monomorphic mutant.	mutagenesis of candida albicans strain atcc 26555 with n-methyl-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine followed by plating on solid yeast nitrogen base-n-acetylglucosamine medium at 37 degrees c yielded colony morphology variants that were characterized as forming smooth colonies, in contrast to the rough colonies formed by the parental strain. one yeast monomorphic mutant, cal4, was studied in detail. strain cal4 is defective in filamentous growth, unable to form hyphae or pseudohyphae in vivo and in vitro. ...	2003	12627803
identification of a novel protein, pdip38, that interacts with the p50 subunit of dna polymerase delta and proliferating cell nuclear antigen.	the yeast two-hybrid screening method was used to identify novel proteins that associate with human dna polymerase delta (pol delta). two baits were used in this study. these were the large (p125) and small (p50) subunits of the core pol delta heterodimer. p50 was the only positive isolated with p125 as the bait. two novel protein partners, named pdip38 and pdip46, were identified from the p50 screen. in this study, the interaction of pdip38 with pol delta was further characterized. pdip38 encod ...	2003	12522211
polycystin-2 interacts with troponin i, an angiogenesis inhibitor.	polycystin-2 (pc2), encoded by the pkd2 gene, is mutated in 10-15% of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (adpkd) patients. pc2 is a ca(2+)-permeable nonselective cation channel and is present in kidney and many other organs. likewise, pkd2-mutated patients and mice exhibit extrarenal abnormalities. in comparison with cysts in the kidney, liver, and pancreas, abnormalities in the heart, brain, and vascular vessels are less understood. in particular, roles of pc2 in muscle and endothelia ...	2003	12525172
evidence implicating ku antigen as a structural factor in rna polymerase ii-mediated transcription.	ku antigen is an abundant nuclear protein with multiple functions that depend mainly on ku's prolific and highly verstatile interactions with dna. we have shown previously that the direct binding of ku in vitro to negative regulatory element 1 (nre1), a transcriptional regulatory element in the long terminal repeat of mouse mammary tumour virus, correlates with the regulation of viral transcription by ku. in this study, we have sought to explore the interaction of ku with nre1 in vivo in yeast o ...	2003	12527196
ras-mediated apoptosis of pc cl 3 rat thyroid cells induced by ret/ptc oncogenes.	ret gene rearrangements, which generate chimeric ret/ptc oncogenes, are early events in the evolution of thyroid papillary carcinomas. expression of ret/ptc oncogenes promotes neoplastic transformation of cultured thyroid cells and of thyroid glands in transgenic mice. notwithstanding these oncogenic effects, we have found that the expression of two ret/ptc oncogenes (h4-ret and rfg-ret) induces apoptosis of rat thyroid pc cl 3 cells. promotion of thyroid cell death depends on the kinase activit ...	2003	12527893
uncleaved bap31 in association with a4 protein at the endoplasmic reticulum is an inhibitor of fas-initiated release of cytochrome c from mitochondria.	bap31 is a polytopic integral protein of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and, like bid, is a preferred substrate of caspase-8. upon fas/cd95 stimulation, bap31 is cleaved within its cytosolic domain, generating proapoptotic p20 bap31. in human kb epithelial cells expressing the caspase-resistant mutant crbap31, fas stimulation resulted in cleavage of bid and insertion of bax into mitochondrial membrane, but subsequent oligomerization of bax and bak, egress of cytochrome c to the cytosol, and ...	2003	12529377
a yeast display system for engineering functional peptide-mhc complexes.	in a cellular immune response, antigenic peptides derived by intracellular processing of foreign pathogens are bound to the class i major histocompatability complex (mhc i) and presented to cd8(+) cytotoxic t cells. although the crystal structures of several different mhc products have been solved, many mhc molecules, including some associated with diseases, have not been amenable to biochemical and structural studies. the variability in this success is based largely on the fact that peptide-mhc ...	2003	12505727
n-terminal acetyltransferases and sequence requirements for n-terminal acetylation of eukaryotic proteins.	n(alpha)-terminal acetylation occurs in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae by any of three n-terminal acetyltransferases (nat), nata, natb, and natc, which contain ard1p, nat3p and mak3p catalytic subunits, respectively. the n-terminal sequences required for n-terminal acetylation, i.e. the nata, natb, and natc substrates, were evaluated by considering over 450 yeast proteins previously examined in numerous studies, and were compared to the n-terminal sequences of more than 300 acetylated mammal ...	2003	12507466
differential cytokine pattern in the spleens and livers of balb/c mice infected with penicillium marneffei: protective role of gamma interferon.	penicillium marneffei is an intracellular opportunistic fungus causing invasive mycosis in aids patients. t cells and macrophages are important for protection in vivo. however, the role of t-cell cytokines in the immune response against p. marneffei is still unknown. we studied by semiquantitative reverse transcription-pcr and biological assays the patterns of expression of th1 and th2 cytokines in the organs of wild-type (wt) and gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) knockout (gko) mice infected intrave ...	2003	12496197
deletion of the aspergillus fumigatus gene encoding the ras-related protein rhba reduces virulence in a model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.	aspergillus fumigatus is the predominant mold pathogen in patients who lack functional innate immunity. the a. fumigatus rhba gene was first identified as a transcript that was upregulated when the organism was grown in the presence of mammalian cells. to gain insight into the function of rhba in the growth and pathogenesis of a. fumigatus, we constructed a strain that lacks a functional rhba gene. the delta rhba mutant showed a significant reduction in virulence compared to the virulence of the ...	2003	12704156
a very long-chain acyl-coa synthetase-deficient mouse and its relevance to x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.	x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (x-ald) is a neurodegenerative and endocrine disorder resulting from mutations in abcd1 which encodes a peroxisomal membrane protein in the atp binding cassette superfamily. the biochemical signature of x-ald is increased levels of saturated very long-chain fatty acids (vlcfa; carbon chains of 22 or more) in tissues and plasma that has been associated with decreased peroxisomal very long-chain acyl-coa synthetase (vlcs) activity and decreased peroxisomal vlcfa beta- ...	2003	12719378
the hermansky-pudlak syndrome 1 (hps1) and hps4 proteins are components of two complexes, bloc-3 and bloc-4, involved in the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles.	hermansky-pudlak syndrome (hps) is a genetic disease of lysosome, melanosome, and granule biogenesis. mutations of six different loci have been associated with hps in humans, the most frequent of which are mutations of the hps1 and hps4 genes. here, we show that the hps1 and hps4 proteins are components of two novel protein complexes involved in biogenesis of melanosome and lysosome-related organelles: biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-(bloc) 3 and bloc-4. the phenotypes of hps1- ...	2003	12663659
modulation of splicing events in histone deacetylase 3 by various extracellular and signal transduction pathways.	within the context of the chromatin environment histone deacetylases are important transcriptional regulators. three classes of human histone deacetylases have currently been identified on the basis of their similarity to yeast proteins. the class i enzymes contain four members: hdacs 1-3 and hdac8. of these, hdac3 is known to generate transcript variants with altered amino-terminal regions. here we describe the identification of a novel splice variant of hdac3, in which exon 3 is alternatively ...	2003	12691522
structure and biological activities of beta-glucans from yeast and mycelial forms of candida albicans.	we have achieved the extraction of cell wall beta-glucan from the mycelial form of candida albicans (c. albicans) ifo 0579 (m-csbg) by using acetic acid, sodium hypochlorite (naclo), and dimethylsulfoxide (dmso) treatments. the yield of m-csbg was significantly lower (7.5% from dried mycelial cells) than that of the yeast form from c. albicans ifo 1385 (y-csbg, 25.9% from dried yeast cells). the properties of m-csbg were similar to those of y-csbg in terms of nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spe ...	2003	12725286
structural similarity in the absence of sequence homology of the messenger rna export factors mtr2 and p15.	the association between mtr2 and mex67 is essential for the nuclear export of bulk messenger rna in yeast. in metazoans, the analogous function is carried out by the tap-p15 heterodimer. whereas mex67 and tap are highly conserved proteins, their binding partners, mtr2 and p15, share no sequence similarity, but are nevertheless functionally homologous. here, we report the 2.8-a resolution crystal structure of mtr2 in complex with the ntf2-like domain of mex67. mtr2 is a novel member of the ntf2-l ...	2003	12835756
the septin 9 (msf) gene is amplified and overexpressed in mouse mammary gland adenocarcinomas and human breast cancer cell lines.	the expression of polyomavirus middle t antigen under the control of the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter in transgenic mice results in the induction of aggressive mammary gland adenocarcinomas at an early age. we screened 26 tumors for chromosomal aneuploidies using sky and cgh. in 70% of the tumor samples we could detect high-level copy number gains, which mapped to chromosome band 11e2, a region orthologous to human 17q25.3. we then identified a bacterial artificial chromosome clone that la ...	2003	12727837
ebv-encoded ebna-5 associates with p14arf in extranucleolar inclusions and prolongs the survival of p14arf-expressing cells.	epstein-barr virus (ebv) carrying lymphoblastoid cells of normal origin express the full program of all 9 virus-encoded, growth transformation associated proteins. they have an intact p53 pathway as a rule. this raises the question of whether any of the viral proteins impair the pathway functionally. using a yeast 2-hybrid system, we have shown that ebna-5 but not the other ebnas interacts with the p14arf protein, a regulator of the p53 pathway. the interaction was confirmed in vitro using a gst ...	2003	12740913
fak induces expression of prx1 to promote tenascin-c-dependent fibroblast migration.	fibroblast migration depends, in part, on activation of fak and cellular interactions with tenascin-c (tn-c). consistent with the idea that fak regulates tn-c, migration-defective fak-null cells expressed reduced levels of tn-c. furthermore, expression of fak in fak-null fibroblasts induced tn-c, whereas inhibition of fak activity in fak-wild-type cells had the opposite effect. paired-related homeobox 1 (prx1) encodes a homeobox transcription factor that induces tn-c by interacting with a bindin ...	2003	12741393
the viral death protein apoptin interacts with hippi, the protein interactor of huntingtin-interacting protein 1.	apoptin, a chicken anemia virus-encoded protein, induces apoptosis in human tumor cells but not in normal cells. the tumor-specific activity of apoptin is correlated with its nuclear localization in tumor cells. in an attempt to elucidate the molecular mechanism of apoptin-induced apoptosis, we identified human hippi, the protein interactor and apoptosis co-mediator of huntingtin interacting protein 1, as one of the apoptin-associated proteins by yeast two-hybrid screen. we also demonstrated tha ...	2003	12745083
calcium-regulated interaction of sgt1 with s100a6 (calcyclin) and other s100 proteins.	s100a6 (calcyclin), a small calcium-binding protein from the s100 family, interacts with several target proteins in a calcium-regulated manner. one target is calcyclin-binding protein/siah-1-interacting protein (cacybp/sip), a component of a novel pathway of beta-catenin ubiquitination. a recently discovered yeast homolog of cacybp/sip, sgt1, associates with skp1 and regulates its function in the skp1/cullin1/f-box complex ubiquitin ligase and in kinetochore complexes. s100a6-binding domain of c ...	2003	12746458
inhibition of p300/cbp by early b-cell factor.	early b-cell factor (ebf) is a dna binding protein required for early b-cell development. it activates transcription of several b-cell-specific genes, including the lambda5 gene, which encodes a protein necessary for signaling by the pre-b-cell receptor. in an effort to understand the mechanism by which ebf activates transcription, we examined its interaction with the coactivator protein p300/cbp. we found that two domains of ebf each bind the histone acetyltransferase (hat)/ch3 domain of p300/c ...	2003	12748286
the histidine triad protein hint is not required for murine development or cdk7 function.	the histidine triad (hit) protein hint has been found to associate with mammalian cdk7, as well as to interact both physically and genetically with the budding yeast cdk7 homologue kin28. to study the function of hint and to explore its possible role in modulating cdk7 activity in vivo, we have characterized the expression pattern of murine hint and generated hint-deficient (hint(-/-)) mice. hint was widely expressed during mouse development, with pronounced expression in several neuronal gangli ...	2003	12748294
cancer preventive potential of trichothecenes from trichothecium roseum.	bioassay-guided separation of extracts from the culture broth and mycelium of the fungus trichothecium roseum, aiming at the discovery for cancer preventive agents, resulted in the isolation of three new trichothecene sesquiterpenes, trichothecinols a-c (1-3) together with three known analogues, trichothecin (4), trichodermol (5) and trichothecolone (6). compounds 1-6 exhibited remarkably potent inhibition against epstein-barr virus early antigen (ebv-ea) activation induced by the tumor promoter ...	2003	12757719
ten families of variant genes encoded in subtelomeric regions of multiple chromosomes of plasmodium chabaudi, a malaria species that undergoes antigenic variation in the laboratory mouse.	the chromosome ends of human malaria parasites harbour many genes encoding proteins that are exported to the surface of infected red cells, often being involved in host-parasite interactions and immune evasion. unlike other murine malaria parasites plasmodium chabaudi undergoes antigenic variation during passage in the laboratory mouse and hence is a model suitable for investigation of switching mechanisms. however, little is known about the subtelomeric regions of p. chabaudi chromosomes and it ...	2003	12787350
genomic organization and expression of mouse tpt1 gene.	the translationally controlled tumor protein (tctp), also known as histamine-releasing factor (hrf), is encoded by a gene (tpt1) that is highly conserved throughout phylogeny. tctp is implicated in cell growth, acute allergic response, and apoptosis. in the present study, seven putative tpt1 genes with different chromosomal localizations were identified in the mouse genome. in six of them, analysis of the 5' and 3' untranslated regions revealed the presence of flanking direct repeats and residua ...	2003	12782126
identification of the motifs and amino acids in aggrecan g1 and g2 domains involved in product secretion.	members of the large aggregating chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans are characterized by an n-terminal fragment known as g1 domain, which is composed of an immunoglobulin (igg)-like motif and two tandem repeats (tr). previous studies have indicated that the expressed product of aggrecan g1 domain was not secreted. here we demonstrated that the inability of g1 secretion was associated with the tandem repeats but not the igg-like motif, and specifically with tr1 of aggrecan. we also demonstrated th ...	2003	12795619
interaction of the bullous pemphigoid antigen 1 (bp230) and desmoplakin with intermediate filaments is mediated by distinct sequences within their cooh terminus.	the bullous pemphigoid antigen 1 (bp230) and desmoplakin (dp) are members of the plakin protein family of cytolinkers. despite their homology, their cooh termini selectively bind distinct intermediate filaments (ifs). we studied sequences within their cooh termini required for their interaction with the epidermal keratins k5/k14, the simple epithelial keratins k8/k18, and type iii if vimentin by yeast three-hybrid, cell transfection, and overlay assays. the results indicate that bp230 interacts ...	2003	12802069
akap7gamma is a nuclear ri-binding akap.	spatial regulation of protein kinase a (pka) is accomplished by its sequestration via a-kinase anchor proteins (akaps). pka activity is critical for mammalian oocyte development, suggesting that pka must be appropriately positioned in these large cells. a screen for akaps in oocytes identified akap7gamma, an akap originally found in pancreas. yeast two-hybrid analysis and co-immunoprecipitation studies showed that akap7gamma bound the type i pka regulatory subunit (ri) and that the ri-binding do ...	2003	12804576
repair of damaged and mismatched dna by the xpc homologues rhp41 and rhp42 of fission yeast.	rhp41 and rhp42 of schizosaccharomyces pombe are homologues of human xpc, which is involved in nucleotide excision repair (ner) of damaged dna. inactivation of rhp41 caused moderate sensitivity to ultraviolet (uv) radiation. in addition, an increase of mitotic mutation rates was observed in the rhp41 mutant, which was dependent on active translesion polymerase z. uv sensitivity and mutation rates were not different between rhp42 and wild type, but compared to rhp41 were further increased in rhp4 ...	2003	12807767
gc-gap, a rho family gtpase-activating protein that interacts with signaling adapters gab1 and gab2.	gab1 and gab2 are scaffolding proteins acting downstream of cell surface receptors and interact with a variety of cytoplasmic signaling proteins such as grb2, shp-2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, shc, and crk. to identify new binding partners for gab proteins and better understand their functions, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screening with hgab2-(120-587) as bait. this work led to identification of a novel gtpase-activating protein (gap) for rho family gtpases. the gap domain shows high sim ...	2003	12819203
defining desmosomal plakophilin-3 interactions.	plakophilin 3 (pkp3) is a recently described armadillo protein of the desmosomal plaque, which is synthesized in simple and stratified epithelia. we investigated the localization pattern of endogenous and exogenous pkp3 and fragments thereof. the desmosomal binding properties of pkp3 were determined using yeast two-hybrid, coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization experiments. to this end, novel mouse anti-pkp3 mabs were generated. we found that pkp3 binds all three desmogleins, desmocollin (dsc) ...	2003	12707304
m phase-specific phosphorylation of brca2 by polo-like kinase 1 correlates with the dissociation of the brca2-p/caf complex.	brca2 is a breast tumor susceptibility gene encoding a 390-kda protein with functions in maintaining genomic stability and cell cycle progression. evidence has been accumulated to support the concept that brca2 has a critical role in homologous recombination of dna double-stranded breaks by interacting with rad51. in addition, brca2 may have chromatin modifying activity through interaction with a histone acetyltransferase protein, p300/cbp-associated factor (p/caf). to explore how the functions ...	2003	12815053
candida albicans septin mutants are defective for invasive growth and virulence.	hyphal growth of candida albicans is implicated as an important virulence factor for this opportunistic human pathogen. septin proteins, a family of cytoskeletal elements that regulate membrane events and are important for proper morphogenesis of c. albicans, were examined for their role in tissue invasion and virulence in the mouse model of systemic infection. in vitro, septin mutants are only mildly defective for hyphal growth in liquid culture but display pronounced defects for invasive growt ...	2003	12819094
reduce: an online tool for inferring cis-regulatory elements and transcriptional module activities from microarray data.	reduce is a motif-based regression method for microarray analysis. the only required inputs are (i) a single genome-wide set of absolute or relative mrna abundances and (ii) the dna sequence of the regulatory region associated with each gene that is probed. currently supported organisms are yeast, worm and fly; it is an open question whether in its current incarnation our approach can be used for mouse or human. reduce uses unbiased statistics to identify oligonucleotide motifs whose occurrence ...	2003	12824350
the mouse apg10 homologue, an e2-like enzyme for apg12p conjugation, facilitates map-lc3 modification.	autophagy is a process for the bulk degradation of cytosolic compartments by lysosomes/vacuoles. the formation of autophagosomes involves a dynamic rearrangement of the membrane for which two ubiquitin-like modifications (the conjugation of apg12p and the modification of a soluble form of map-lc3 to a membrane-bound form) are essential. in yeast, apg10p is an e2-like enzyme essential for apg12p conjugation. the isolated mouse apg10 gene product interacts with mammalian apg12p dependent on mammal ...	2003	12890687
molecular characterization of a novel nucleolar protein, pno40.	we report the discovery and characterization of a novel nucleolar protein. this protein, referred to as pno40 based on its molecular weight on sds-page, was identified through yeast two hybrid interaction screen of a human kidney cdna library using pinin (pnn) protein as the bait. the deduced amino acids of pno40 derived from cdna cloning of diverse species display high conservation; 95% identify between human and mouse and 57.3% identity for human and zebrafish. several distinct domains are dis ...	2003	12893261
hoxb5 is an upstream transcriptional switch for differentiation of the vascular endothelium from precursor cells.	endothelial cells differentiate from mesoderm-derived precursors to initiate the earliest events in vascular development. although the signaling events that regulate the successive steps of vascular development are known in some detail, the transcriptional processes that regulate the first steps in vasculogenesis are not well defined. we have studied the regulatory mechanisms of flk1 expression as a model to understand the upstream events in endothelial cell differentiation, since flk1 is the ea ...	2003	12897140
cofilin interacts with clc-5 and regulates albumin uptake in proximal tubule cell lines.	receptor-mediated endocytosis is a constitutive high capacity pathway for the reabsorption of proteins from the glomerular filtrate by the renal proximal tubule. clc-5 is a voltage-gated chloride channel found in the proximal tubule where it has been shown to be essential for protein uptake, based on evidence from patients with dent's disease and studies in clc-5 knockout mice. to further delineate the role of clc-5 in albumin uptake, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen with the c-terminal ta ...	2003	12904289
selective striatal neuronal loss in a yac128 mouse model of huntington disease.	an expanded cag repeat is the underlying genetic defect in huntington disease, a disorder characterized by motor, psychiatric and cognitive deficits and striatal atrophy associated with neuronal loss. an accurate animal model of this disease is crucial for elucidation of the underlying natural history of the illness and also for testing experimental therapeutics. we established a new yeast artificial chromosome (yac) mouse model of hd with the entire human hd gene containing 128 cag repeats (yac ...	2003	12812983
tomosyn interacts with the t-snares syntaxin4 and snap23 and plays a role in insulin-stimulated glut4 translocation.	the sec1p-like/munc18 (sm) protein munc18a binds to the neuronal t-snare syntaxin1a and inhibits snare complex assembly. tomosyn, a cytosolic syntaxin1a-binding protein, is thought to regulate the interaction between syntaxin1a and munc18a, thus acting as a positive regulator of snare assembly. in the present study we have investigated the interaction between b-tomosyn and the adipocyte snare complex involving syntaxin4/snap23/vamp-2 and the sm protein munc18c, in vitro, and the potential involv ...	2003	12832401
localization and interaction of nherf isoforms in the renal proximal tubule of the mouse.	in expression systems and in yeast, na/h exchanger regulatory factor (nherf)-1 and nherf-2 have been demonstrated to interact with the renal brush border membrane proteins nhe3 and npt2. in renal tissue of mice, however, nherf-1 is required for camp regulation of nhe3 and for the apical targeting of npt2 despite the presence of nherf-2, suggesting another order of specificity. the present studies examine the subcellular location of nherf-1 and nherf-2 and their interactions with target proteins ...	2003	12917102
ahp2 is required for bivalent formation and for segregation of homologous chromosomes in arabidopsis meiosis.	a new arabidopsis meiotic mutant has been isolated. homozygous ahp2-1 (arabidopsis homologue pairing 2) plants were sterile because of failure of both male and female gametophyte development. fluorescent in situ hybridisation showed that in ahp2-1 male meiocytes, chromosomes did not form bivalents during prophase i and instead seemed to associate indiscriminately. chromosome fragmentation, chromatin bridges and unbalanced segregation were seen in anaphase i and anaphase ii. the ahp2-1 mutation w ...	2003	12974806
identification and analysis of chromodomain-containing proteins encoded in the mouse transcriptome.	the chromodomain is 40-50 amino acids in length and is conserved in a wide range of chromatic and regulatory proteins involved in chromatin remodeling. chromodomain-containing proteins can be classified into families based on their broader characteristics, in particular the presence of other types of domains, and which correlate with different subclasses of the chromodomains themselves. hidden markov model (hmm)-generated profiles of different subclasses of chromodomains were used here to identi ...	2003	12819141
rapid deadenylation triggered by a nonsense codon precedes decay of the rna body in a mammalian cytoplasmic nonsense-mediated decay pathway.	nonsense-mediated mrna decay (nmd) is an rna surveillance pathway that detects and destroys aberrant mrnas containing nonsense or premature termination codons (ptcs) in a translation-dependent manner in eukaryotes. in yeast, the nmd pathway bypasses the deadenylation step and directly targets ptc-containing messages for decapping, followed by 5'-to-3' exonuclease digestion of the rna body. in mammals, most ptc-containing mrnas are subject to active nucleus-associated nmd. here, using two distinc ...	2003	12832468
stearoyl-coa desaturase, a short-lived protein of endoplasmic reticulum with multiple control mechanisms.	stearoyl-coa desaturase (scd) is a short-lived, polytopic membrane-bound non-heme iron enzyme localized primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum. scd is required for the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, and plays a key role in hepatic synthesis of triglycerides and very-low-density lipoproteins. the intracellular concentration of scd fluctuates in a wide range in response to complex and often competing hormonal and dietary factors. a combination of transcriptional regulation and rapid ...	2003	12538076
the mouse organellar biogenesis mutant buff results from a mutation in vps33a, a homologue of yeast vps33 and drosophila carnation.	in the mouse, more than 16 loci are associated with mutant phenotypes that include defective pigmentation, aberrant targeting of lysosomal enzymes, prolonged bleeding, and immunodeficiency, the result of defective biogenesis of cytoplasmic organelles: melanosomes, lysosomes, and various storage granules. many of these mouse mutants are homologous to the human hermansky-pudlak syndrome (hps), chediak-higashi syndrome, and griscelli syndrome. we have mapped and positionally cloned one of these mou ...	2003	12538872
an integrated physical and gene map of the 3.5-mb chromosome 3p21.3 (ap20) region implicated in major human epithelial malignancies.	to facilitate the identification of tumor suppressor genes in the chromosome 3p21.3-p22 ap20 subregion, we constructed a 3.5-mb physical and gene map of this segment (between markers d3s4285 and d3s3873) that spans the distance from 124.4cr3000 to 133.5 cr3000 of the gb4 genetic map. we used noti-linking and -jumping clones, sequence-tagged site pcr marker analysis, and multicolor and fiber fluorescence in situ hybridization to confirm the sequence order and map orientation. an integrated clone ...	2003	12543795
loss of hr6b ubiquitin-conjugating activity results in damaged synaptonemal complex structure and increased crossing-over frequency during the male meiotic prophase.	the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes hr6a and hr6b are the two mammalian homologs of saccharomyces cerevisiae rad6. in yeast, rad6 plays an important role in postreplication dna repair and in sporulation. hr6b knockout mice are viable, but spermatogenesis is markedly affected during postmeiotic steps, leading to male infertility. in the present study, increased apoptosis of hr6b knockout primary spermatocytes was detected during the first wave of spermatogenesis, indicating that hr6b performs a pri ...	2003	12556476
disruption of the pelota gene causes early embryonic lethality and defects in cell cycle progression.	mutations in either the drosophila melanogaster pelota or pelo gene or the saccharomyces cerevisiae homologous gene, dom34, cause defects of spermatogenesis and oogenesis in drosophila, and delay of growth and failure of sporulation in yeast. these phenotypes suggest that pelota is required for normal progression of the mitotic and meiotic cell cycle. to determine the role of the pelota in mouse development and progression of cell cycle, we have established a targeted disruption of the mouse pel ...	2003	12556505
self-interaction of heterochromatin protein 1 is required for direct binding to histone methyltransferase, suv39h1.	heterochromatin protein 1 (hp1) binds to the nucleosome via a methylated lysine residue 9 of histone h3 which is catalyzed by a histone methyltransferase such as suv39h1. although co-localization of hp1 and suv39h1 has been evident in immunostaining and immunoprecipitation experiments, direct protein-protein interactions have remained to be characterized. we examined interactions between mouse hp1 alpha (mhp1 alpha) and suv39h1 in yeast and in vitro. a yeast two-hybrid and a glutathione s-transf ...	2003	12565857
interaction of retinal bzip transcription factor nrl with flt3-interacting zinc-finger protein fiz1: possible role of fiz1 as a transcriptional repressor.	nrl (neural retina leucine zipper) is a basic motif leucine zipper transcription factor of the maf-subfamily. multiple phosphorylated isoforms of nrl are detected specifically in rod photoreceptors. nrl regulates the expression of several rod-specific genes, including rhodopsin and cgmp phosphodiesterase beta-subunit, in synergy with other transcription factors (e.g. the homeodomain protein crx). missense mutations in the human nrl gene are associated with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa ...	2003	12566383
tes is a novel focal adhesion protein with a role in cell spreading.	previously, we identified tes as a novel candidate tumour suppressor gene that mapped to human chromosome 7q31.1. in this report we demonstrate that the tes protein is localised at focal adhesions, actin stress fibres and areas of cell-cell contact. tes has three c-terminal lim domains that appear to be important for focal adhesion targeting. additionally, the n-terminal region is important for targeting tes to actin stress fibres. yeast two-hybrid and biochemical analyses yielded interactions w ...	2003	12571287
rh-rhag/ankyrin-r, a new interaction site between the membrane bilayer and the red cell skeleton, is impaired by rh(null)-associated mutation.	several studies suggest that the rh complex represents a major interaction site between the membrane lipid bilayer and the red cell skeleton, but little is known about the molecular basis of this interaction. we report here that ankyrin-r is capable of interacting directly with the c-terminal cytoplasmic domain of rh and rhag polypeptides. we first show that the primary defect of ankyrin-r in normoblastosis (nb/nb) spherocytosis mutant mice is associated with a sharp reduction of rhag and rh pol ...	2003	12719424
isolation and characterization of a myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase cdna from developing sesame (sesamum indicum l.) seeds: functional and differential expression, and salt-induced transcription during germination.	a cdna (semips1) encoding myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase (ec 5.5.1.4) (mips) has been characterized from sesame (sesamum indicum l. cv. dan-baek) seeds and its functional expression analyzed. the semips1 protein was highly homologous with those from other plant species (88-94%), while a much lower degree of sequence homology (53-62%) was found with other organisms such as humans, mouse, algae, yeast, drosophila, bacteria and other prokaryotes. a yeast-based complementation assay in yeast muta ...	2003	12624775
hypothesis: a glycoprotein-degradation complex formed by protein-protein interaction involves cytoplasmic peptide:n-glycanase.	a cytoplasmic peptide:n-glycanase has been implicated in the proteasomal degradation of newly synthesized misfolded glycoproteins that are exported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. recently, the gene encoding this enzyme (png1p) was identified in yeast and shown to bind to the 26s proteasome through its interaction with a component of the dna repair system, rad23p. moreover, a mouse homologue of png1p (mpng1p), which has an extended n-terminal domain, was found to bind not only to ...	2003	12593838
induction of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain ii-c by butyrate in raw 264.7 mouse macrophages.	raw 264.7 macrophages express nonmuscle myosin heavy chain ii-a as the only significant nonmuscle myosin heavy chain isoform, with expression of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain ii-b and ii-c low or absent. treatment of the cells with sodium butyrate, an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, led to the dose-dependent induction of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain ii-c. trichostatin a, another inhibitor of histone deacetylase, also induced nonmuscle myosin heavy chain ii-c. induction of nonmuscle myosin heavy ...	2003	12598534
novel espin actin-bundling proteins are localized to purkinje cell dendritic spines and bind the src homology 3 adapter protein insulin receptor substrate p53.	we identified a group of actin-binding-bundling proteins that are expressed in cerebellar purkinje cells (pcs) but are not detected in other neurons of the cns. these proteins are novel isoforms of the actin-bundling protein espin that arise through the use of a unique site for transcriptional initiation and differential splicing. light and electron microscopic localization studies demonstrated that these espin isoforms are enriched in the dendritic spines of pcs. they were detected in the head ...	2003	12598619
coenzyme-based functional assignments of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (sdrs).	short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (sdrs) are enzymes of great functional diversity. in spite of a residue identity of only 15-30%, the folds are conserved to a large extent, with specific sequence motifs detectable. we have developed an assignment scheme based on these motifs and detect five families. only two of these were known before, called 'classical' and 'extended', but are now distinguished at a further level based on patterns of charged residues in the coenzyme-binding region, giving ...	2003	12604213
a-kinase anchoring protein 4 binding proteins in the fibrous sheath of the sperm flagellum.	the fibrous sheath is a unique cytoskeletal structure located in the principal piece of the sperm flagellum and is constructed of two longitudinal columns connected by closely spaced circumferential ribs. cyclic amp-dependent protein kinases are secured within specific cytoplasmic domains by a-kinase anchoring proteins (akaps), and the most abundant protein in the fibrous sheath is akap4. several other fibrous sheath proteins have been identified, but how the fibrous sheath assembles is not unde ...	2003	12606363
tailoring the genome: the power of genetic approaches.	in the last century, genetics has developed into one of the most powerful tools for addressing basic questions concerning inheritance, development, individual and social operations and death. here we summarize the current approaches to these questions in four of the most advanced models organisms: saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast), caenorhabditis elegans (worm), drosophila melanogaster (fly) and mus musculus (mouse). the genomes of each of these four models have been sequenced, and all have well ...	2003	12610537
transcriptional regulation of the nuclear gene encoding the alpha-subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial f1f0 atp synthase complex: role for the orphan nuclear receptor, coup-tfii/arp-1.	our laboratory has been studying the transcriptional regulation of the nuclear gene (atpa) that encodes the alpha-subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial f1f0 atp synthase complex. we have previously determined that the regulatory factor, upstream stimulatory factor 2 (usf2), can stimulate transcription of the atpa gene through the cis-acting regulatory element 1 in the upstream promoter of this gene. in this study, we used the yeast one-hybrid screening method to identify another factor, coup-tf ...	2003	12614160
the c-terminal kinase domain of the p34cdc2-related pitslre protein kinase (p110c) associates with p21-activated kinase 1 and inhibits its activity during anoikis.	the pitslre protein kinases are parts of the large family of p34cdc2-related kinases. during apoptosis induced by some stimuli, specific pitslre isoforms are cleaved by caspase to produce a protein that contains the c-terminal kinase domain of the pitslre proteins (p110c). the p110c induces apoptosis when it is ectopically expressed in chinese hamster ovary cells. in our study, similar induction of this p110c was observed during anoikis in nih3t3 cells. to investigate the molecular mechanism of ...	2003	12624090