Publications

effect of hemodiafiltration and sepsis on chemotaxis of granulocytes and the release of il-8 and il-10.	extracorporeal circulation, such as cardiopulmonary bypass and hemodialysis, has been associated with an activation of the immune system. continuous veno venous hemodiafiltration (cvvhd) is used in critically ill septic patients. during cvvhd, cytokines are excreted in ultrafiltrate. when the membranes, used in cvvhd, are incubated with leukocytes in vitro a slight production of cytokines is observed. due to the underlying disease it is difficult to investigate the effect of cvvhd in septic pati ...	2002	11942860
enhanced expression of plasmid dna-cationized gelatin complex by ultrasound in murine muscle.	this study is an investigation to experimentally confirm that ultrasound (us) irradiation is effective in enhancing the gene expression of plasmid dna. a cationized gelatin was prepared by introducing primary amino groups into gelatin. the plasmid of the lacz gene was complexed with the cationized gelatin and injected into the femoral muscle of normal mice. following us irradiation at the injected site of muscle, the gene expression of the treated muscle was evaluated to compare with that of the ...	2002	11943410
hormonal profile and morphological changes in pig ovaries after intraovarian infusions of escherichia coli endotoxin.	the purpose of this study was to estimate morphological changes in the ovary and size of the production of steroid hormones during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle in pigs after intraovarian infusions of escherichia coli endotoxin. polish large white gilts (n = 15) of similar age (7-8 months) and body weight (90-110 kg) with two controlled subsequent estrous cycles were used. the animals were randomly divided into two groups: control (n = 9, the 10th day of the estrous cycle,) and treated w ...	2002	11944581
vaccination of pregnant dams with intimin(o157) protects suckling piglets from escherichia coli o157:h7 infection.	cattle are important reservoirs of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h7 that cause disease in humans. both dairy and beef cattle are asymptomatically and sporadically infected with ehec. our long-term goal is to develop an effective vaccine to prevent cattle from becoming infected and transmitting ehec o157:h7 to humans. we used passive immunization of neonatal piglets (as a surrogate model) to determine if antibodies against ehec o157 adhesin (intimin(o157)) inhibit ehec colonizati ...	2002	11953378
biofilm bacteria: formation and comparative susceptibility to antibiotics.	the calgary biofilm device (cbd) was used to form bacterial biofilms of selected veterinary gram-negative and gram-positive pathogenic bacteria from cattle, sheep, pigs, chicken, and turkeys. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (mbec) of ampicillin, ceftiofur, cloxacillin, oxytetracycline, penicillin g, streptomycin, tetracycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, tilmicosin, and trimethoprim-sulfadoxine for gram-positive and -negative b ...	2002	11989739
l-arginine supplementation in hyperdynamic endotoxemic pigs: effect on nitric oxide synthesis by the different organs.	under septic conditions, the protective role of nitric oxide in the organs may become compromised at a time of increased demand as a result of decreased availability of l-arginine. it remains unknown whether supplementation with l-arginine, as a substrate, can modulate organ nitric oxide production.	2002	11990907
identification and characterization of the gene encoding the human phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase and dephospho-coa kinase bifunctional enzyme (coa synthase).	the final two enzymes in the coa biosynthetic pathway, phosphopantetheine adenylyltransferase (ppat; ec 2.7.7.3) and dephospho-coa kinase (dpck; ec 2.7.1.24), are separate proteins in prokaryotes, but exist as a bifunctional enzyme in pig liver. in the present study we have obtained sequence information from purified pig-liver enzyme, and identified the corresponding cdna in a number of species. the human gene localizes to chromosome 17q12-21 and contains regions with sequence similarity to the ...	2002	11994049
recruitment of intestinal cd45ra+ and cd45rc+ cells induced by a candidate oral vaccine against porcine post-weaning colibacillosis.	to assess the influence of a live attenuated oral vaccine against porcine post-weaning colibacillosis (pwc) induced by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) on mucosal lymphoid cell cd45 isoforms expression, experimental group of weaned pigs (n=6) was immunized orally with f4ac+ non-etec strain (day 0) and challenged with f4ac+ etec strain 7 days latter. non-immunized etec-infected pigs (n=6) served as control. all pigs were killed on post-challenge day 7. the small intestine was excised for i ...	2002	12007880
oral vaccination with subunit vaccines protects animals against aerosol infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis.	immunity against mycobacterium tuberculosis depends largely on activation of cell-mediated responses, and gamma interferon has been shown to play a crucial role in this process in both humans and animal models. since the lung is normally the organ in which infection is initiated and is the major site of pathology, immune responses in the lung play a significant role in restricting initial infection with m. tuberculosis. the aim of the present study was to stimulate efficient immunity in the lung ...	2002	12011005
[surveillance of escherichia coli o157:h7 among animals in jiangsu province in 1999].	to understand the escherichia coli o157:h7 carrier rate of host animals and the toxic gene of the strains in different areas in jiangsu province.	2002	12015089
characterization of the porcine fabgl gene.	the porcine major histocompatibility complex, also called swine lymphocyte antigen (sla) complex, is of particular interest not only because of its central role in the immune response, but also because of its influence on many traits such as reproduction, fatness and meat quality. the porcine fabgl (fabg (beta-ketoacyl-[acyl-carrierprotein] reductase, escherichia coli) like) gene, coding for a 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-hsd), is a candidate gene for these traits. the complete ge ...	2002	12030927
development of a procedure for discriminating among escherichia coli isolates from animal and human sources.	counts of escherichia coli cells in water indicate the potential presence of pathogenic microbes of intestinal origin but give no indication of the sources of the microbial pollution. the objective of this research was to evaluate methods for differentiating e. coli isolates of livestock, wildlife, or human origin that might be used to predict the sources of fecal pollution of water. a collection of 319 e. coli isolates from the feces of cattle, poultry, swine, deer, goose, and moose, as well as ...	2002	12039721
synthesis and pharmacological properties of benzisothiazole/benzimidazole derivatives with acidic groups.	the synthesis and the pharmacological evaluation of benzisothiazole and benzimidazole tetrazolyl- and carboxyl- derivatives 1-6 are described. structural modification was aimed at investigating the influence of two isosteric substituents (tetrazolyl- and carboxyl-) on the title benzofused heterocycles. the antiphlogistic, antipyretic and analgesic activities have been investigated in in vivo experimental models. additional investigations have been performed in vitro to study the antiplatelet and ...	2002	12058810
[survey of the presence of bacterial pathogens in foods sold at retail stores in the city of cassino].	the presence of bacterial food pathogens was evaluated in 154 food samples collected from supermarkets and butchers in the city of cassino (south-central italy). food pathogens were identified in 17.5% of the total food samples. in the raw meat samples, 24.6% tested positives for listeria monocytogenes, 4.3% for salmonella and 2.9% for escherichia coli o157. y. enterocolitica, only investigated in pork meat, was identified in 7.4% of the samples. in poultry, l. monocytogenes was identified in 55 ...	2002	12070904
induction of mucosal immune responses and protection against enteric viruses: rotavirus infection of gnotobiotic pigs as a model.	enteric viruses are a major cause of diarrhea in animals and humans. among them, rotaviruses are one of the most important causes of diarrhea in young animals and human infants. a lack of understanding of mechanisms to induce intestinal immunity and the correlates of protective immunity in neonates has impaired development of safe and effective vaccines against enteric viruses. studies of candidate vaccines using an adult mouse model of subclinical enteric viral infections often do not predict v ...	2002	12072229
oral immunisation of pigs with fimbrial antigens of enterotoxigenic e. coli: an interesting model to study mucosal immune mechanisms.	the intestinal mucosal immune system can discriminate actively between harmful pathogenic agents and harmless food antigens resulting in different immune responses namely iga production and oral tolerance, respectively. recently, a pig model has been developed for studying intestinal mucosal immune responses in which f4 fimbrial antigens of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (f4 etec) are used as oral antigens. a unique feature of this model is that soluble f4 antigens can be administered to pigs ...	2002	12072248
mucosal immunoadjuvant activity of the low toxic recombinant escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin produced by bacillus brevis for the bacterial subunit or component vaccine in pigs and cattle.	a gene encoding the mature escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) lacking the nick site in the a subunit by deleting tripeptides was introduced in a vector pnh301 and expressed extracellularly as mutant molecule of holotoxin at high levels in bacilus brevis hpd31-s5 of the host bacterium. the mucosal adjuvant activities of the produced mutant lt (mlt) preparation were studied in pigs and cattle. intranasal immunization of pigs with the recombinant subunit vaccine of erysipelothrix rhusiop ...	2002	12072249
effects of cutting process on pork meat contamination by verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) and e. coli o157:h7.	the aims of the present study were: (i) to evaluate verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) prevalence in pork cutting meat; (ii) to determine the effects of cutting process on pork meat contamination by vtec; (iii) to characterise the vtec strains isolated from pork and pork cutting plants (virulence genes and serotype); and (iv) to compare the strains isolated the same day in the same cutting plant in order to identify the routes of contamination inside the cutting plant. pork carcasses fr ...	2002	12076042
effects of slaughter processes on pig carcass contamination by verotoxin-producing escherichia coli and e. coli o157:h7.	the aims of the present study were: (i) to evaluate verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) faecal carriage of slaughtered pigs; (ii) to determine the effects of three different pig slaughtering processes on pig carcass contamination by vtec; (iii) to characterise the vtec strains isolated from pig and pig slaughterhouses (virulence genes and serotype); and (iv) to compare the strains isolated in the same slaughterhouse in order to identify the routes of contamination inside the slaughterhou ...	2002	12076043
quantification of bioavailable chlortetracycline in pig feces using a bacterial whole-cell biosensor.	bacterial whole-cell biosensors were used to measure the concentration of chlortetracycline (ctc) in the feces of pigs. in this study, the escherichia coli biosensor used has a detection limit of 0.03 mg/kg ctc in pig feces. the tetracycline concentration was correlated with the appearance and maintenance of fecal coliform bacteria resistant to tetracycline. initially, large quantities of water-extractable ctc were excreted from the pigs and measurable amounts were detected even at 30 days after ...	2002	12079746
development of an antibiotic resistance monitoring system in hungary.	because of the rapid development and spread of antimicrobial resistance it is important that a system be established to monitor antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic zoonotic and commensal bacteria of animal origin. susceptibility testing of bacteria from carcasses and different samples of animal origin has been carried out in veterinary institutes for a long time but by an inconsistent methodology. the disc diffusion method proposed by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards ( ...	2002	12113174
role of the high-affinity zinc uptake znuabc system in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium virulence.	the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium znuabc genes encoding a high-affinity zinc uptake system and its regulatory zur gene have been cloned. salmonella serovar typhimurium zur and znuc knockout mutants have been constructed by marker exchange. the 50% lethal dose of the znuc mutant increased when either orally or intraperitoneally inoculated in balb/c mice, while virulence of the zur mutant decreased only when mice were intraperitoneally challenged.	2002	12117991
different kinetic of antibody responses following infection of newly weaned pigs with an f4 enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strain or an f18 verotoxigenic escherichia coli strain.	to develop a vaccine against escherichia coli-induced post-weaning diarrhea and edema disease, insights in the induction of the protective immune response following infection with these pathogenic e. coli is needed. therefore, the fimbriae-specific antibody response of newly weaned pigs following infection with the shiga-like toxin type ii variant (slt-iiv) producing f18(+) verotoxigenic e. coli (vtec) (strain 107/86) was compared with the response following an infection with lt producing f4(+) ...	2002	12126913
the thermal inactivation of e. coli in straw and pig manure.	livestock manure may contain pathogenic organisms which pose a risk to the health of animals or humans if the manure is not adequately treated or disposed of. one possible treatment method is composting. however to ensure that pathogen destruction occurs, temperatures need to be sufficiently high throughout the heap to ensure that pathogens are inactivated. the temperature required to inactivate a marker organism, escherichia coli 11943, has been investigated, and found to depend on substrate co ...	2002	12137269
geographic variability of escherichia coli ribotypes from animals in idaho and georgia.	several genotypic methods have been developed for determining the host origin of fecal bacteria in contaminated waters. some of these methods rely on a host origin database to identify environmental isolates. it is not well understood to what degree these host origin isolates are geographically variable (i.e., cosmopolitan or endemic). this is important because a geographically limited host origin database may or may not be universally applicable. the objective of our study was to use one genoty ...	2002	12175046
[evaluation of practical usefulness of selected phenotypic and genotypic markers for pathogenicity of enterotoxic and entero-hemorrhagic strains of e.coli. ].	this study included a description of enterotoxic and verocytotoxic activity of thirty strains of e. coli and their ability to produce beta-haemolysis in a ram blood medium. enterotoxic and verocytoxic activity was determined by using rpla test. the synthesis of enterotoxin lt was observed in 10 strains and the production of e. coli shiga toxins type 1--stx1 (1 strain) or type 2 (2 strains) was observed in 3 strains of serotype o157: h7. the beta-haemolytic characteristics in vitro were demonstra ...	2002	12185692
crystal structure of porcine mitochondrial nadp+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase complexed with mn2+ and isocitrate. insights into the enzyme mechanism.	the crystal structure of porcine heart mitochondrial nadp+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (idh) complexed with mn2+ and isocitrate was solved to a resolution of 1.85 a. the enzyme was expressed in escherichia coli, purified as a fusion protein with maltose binding protein, and cleaved with thrombin to yield homogeneous enzyme. the structure was determined by multiwavelength anomalous diffraction phasing using selenium substitution in the form of selenomethionine as the anomalous scatterer. t ...	2002	12207025
cerebral physiological and biochemical changes during vasogenic brain oedema induced by intrathecal injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharides in piglets.	the objective of the study was to evaluate biochemical and physiological changes in an experimental model of vasogenic brain oedema utilising techniques also used in routine neurointensive care.	2002	12212543
molecular cloning and characterization of the ferric hydroxamate uptake (fhu) operon in actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.	the bacterium actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, a swine pathogen, utilizes ferrichrome as an iron source. this study details the molecular cloning and sequencing of the genes involved in the uptake of this hydroxamate siderophore. four ferric hydroxamate uptake (fhu) genes, fhuc, fhud, fhub and fhua, were identified in a single operon, and these were found to encode proteins homologous to proteins of the fhu systems of several bacteria, including escherichia coli. the fhua gene encodes the 77 kda ...	2002	12213932
[antimicrobial, echinococcidial and immunostimulating properties of the drug cheblin-sk-1].	the antimicrobial properties of the drug cheblin-ck-1 (cck-1) were determined in mice intraabdominally inoculated with proteus mirabilis-4691 in a dose of 140-200 million daily cultured microbial bodies. its comparison agent was ampicillin. cck-1 was found to act as an antibiotic similar to ampicillin in its effects. the antimicrobial activity of cck-1 against staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli isolated from the contents of echinococcal cysts from patients operated on was also establishe ...	2002	12224264
selection of recently isolated colicinogenic escherichia coli strains inhibitory to escherichia coli o157:h7.	escherichia coli strains were screened for their ability to inhibit e. coli o157:h7. an initial evaluation of 18 strains carrying previously characterized colicins determined that only colicin e7 inhibited all of the e. coli o157:h7 strains tested. a total of 540 strains that had recently been isolated from humans and nine different animal species (cats, cattle, chickens, deer, dogs, ducks, horses, pigs, and sheep) were tested by a flip-plating technique. approximately 38% of these strains were ...	2002	12233846
beta-lactamases in ampicillin-resistant escherichia coli isolates from foods, humans, and healthy animals.	tem-, shv-, and oxa-type beta-lactamases were studied by pcr with 124 ampicillin-resistant (amp(r)) escherichia coli isolates recovered from foods of animal origin (n = 20) and feces of humans (n = 49) and healthy animals (n = 55). pcr showed that 103 isolates were positive for tem and negative for shv and oxa. three e. coli isolates showed a positive reaction for oxa, and one showed a positive reaction for shv. the remaining 17 e. coli isolates were negative for the three enzymes by pcr. fifty- ...	2002	12234838
investigation of putative cdt gene in escherichia coli isolates from pigs with diarrhea.	in this study, 98 escherichia coli isolates from 42 diarrheic neonatal piglets were screened for the presence of cytolethal distending toxin coding gene by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). pcr yielded a single product which was specifically generated for e. coli cdt(+) control strain and not for other control strains. twenty two (22.4%) of the isolates tested were cdtb positive, and 50% of the cdtb(+) isolates were also estii positive. the most prevalent pathotype was o32 cdtb(+) estii(+), which ...	2002	12243896
endotoxin decreases 51crcl3 uptake in early weaned pigs.	endotoxin, a product of bacterial infections, was used to investigate the effects acute infections on chromium (cr) uptake in early weaned (14 d of age) pigs. at d 18, pigs were anesthetized, and a 2-mm silastic jugular catheter was inserted and passed subcutaneously to a dorsal position behind the ear. at d 21, pigs were deprived of food for 7 h and injected intraperitoneally with saline or 25 microg endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide from escherichia coli serotype 0111:b4) per kg body wt suspended ...	2002	12296425
increased stability of human growth hormone with reduced lactogenic potency.	human growth hormone (hgh), whose main function is the somatic growth stimulation, induces diverse effects including lactation. we examined the possibility of hgh stabilization by elimination of its lactogenic activity. chimeric ghs were constructed by replacement of different segments of hgh with sequences derived from non-lactogenic porcine gh. as was observed in the rat nb2-11c lymphoma cell test, lactogenic activity of some chimeric hormones was seriously destroyed. this kind of hormones dis ...	2002	12297316
postovulatory effect of intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide (e. coli, o55:b5) on the contractile activity of the oviduct, ova transport, binding of accessory spermatozoa to the zona pellucida and embryo development in sows.	the effect of lipopolysaccharide (lps) (e. coli, o55:b5), administered 18 h after ovulation in the second oestrus after weaning, on the contractile activity of the oviduct, ova transport, sperm binding to zona pellucida (zp) and embryo development, was studied in 14 swedish crossbred (landrace yorkshire) multiparous sows. the endotoxin group (e-group) sows were administered with 300 ng/kg of lps while the control group (c-group) sows were administered with 5 ml of saline i.v. via an indwelling j ...	2002	12354178
neuronal involvement in the effect of an antisecretory factor-derived peptide on induced secretion in the porcine small intestine.	the antisecretory factor is a protein inhibiting enterotoxin-induced intestinal inflammation and hypersecretion. we studied the signaling pathway of three antisecretory factor-derived peptides (a1, a3 and a4) in the proximal and distal porcine small intestine. in vivo (ligated loops), only a3 significantly reduced the cholera toxin-induced fluid accumulation and only in proximal loops. a3 and a4 reduced escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin-induced fluid accumulation in the proximal segment, ...	2002	12355234
detrimental effects of nicotine and endotoxin in the newborn piglet brain during severe hypoxemia.	hypoxia-ischemia is a major cause of perinatal brain damage, but evidence shows that brain injury also is associated with intrauterine infections and maternal smoking. the mechanisms are not known, and we therefore explored the effects of experimental inflammation or nicotine on perinatal brain metabolism and injury during severe hypoxemia. twenty-eight 1-week-old piglets were anesthetized and instrumented with microdialysis probes in the striatum and brainstem. we studied three pretreatment gro ...	2002	12373070
design of non-cysteine-containing antimicrobial beta-hairpins: structure-activity relationship studies with linear protegrin-1 analogues.	protegrins are short, cationic peptides that display potent, broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. pg-1, the first of the five natural analogues discovered, forms a rigid antiparallel two-stranded beta-sheet that is stabilized by two disulfide bonds. the two strands of the sheet are linked by a short two-residue loop segment. removal of the disulfide bridges (e.g., in cys --> ala analogues) is known to cause marked loss of antimicrobial activity. we have used basic principles of beta-hairpin de ...	2002	12379126
cloning and expression of the nucleocapsid protein gene of nipah virus in different strains of escherichia coli.	the coding region of the nucleocapsid (n) gene was amplified from the viral rna and inserted into the bacterial expression vector, ptrchis2, for intracellular expression in three escherichia coli strains: top 10, bl 21 and sg 935. the n protein was expressed as a fusion protein containing the myc epitope and his-tag at its c-terminal end. the amount of the fusion protein expressed in strain sg 935 was significantly higher than the other two strains, and was detected by the anti-myc antibody, ant ...	2002	12385971
expression of interleukin-18 by porcine airway and intestinal epithelium.	in this study, we investigated the expression of interleukin-18 (il-18) in porcine airway and intestinal epithelium. we found constitutive protein expression of precursor il-18 in primary culture of porcine airway epithelium. immunohistochemical staining revealed that porcine il-18 was localized in the porcine airway epithelium and that it was significantly upregulated with experimental endotoxemia induced by escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps) inoculation. we also confirmed by immunohisto ...	2002	12396728
infestation of fish-culturing communities with fish-borne bacteria: the ghanaian case.	twenty different bacterial species were isolated from fishermen and members of communities associated with seven fish ponds with different fertilizer treatments, and an open system. the number and types of the bacterial species were different for the different ponds. generally, neither the geographical location of the ponds nor the type of fertilizer used could be related to the bacterial flora. escherichia coli was the predominant species in all the communities, while escherichia coli, klebsiel ...	2002	12400540
intestinal nitric oxide in the normal and endotoxemic pig.	the gut is considered a central organ in the pathogenesis of sepsis and multiple organ failure, where several mediators, including endothelin (et) and nitric oxide (no), are involved. the aim of the current study was to characterize, by direct measurements, the intestinal no production in the anesthetized pig during normal and endotoxemic conditions. in pigs subjected to endotoxin infusion, there was a progressive decrease in jejunal luminal no levels, as well as portal venous blood flow and blo ...	2002	12412626
brewers dried yeast as a source of mannan oligosaccharides for weanling pigs.	brewers dried yeast, a source of mannan oligosaccharides (mos), was assessed as an alternative to an antimicrobial agent (carbadox) for young pigs in two experiments. the yeast contained 5.2% mos. agglutination tests confirmed adsorption of several serovars of e. coli and salmonella spp. onto the yeast product. in exp. 1, seven replicates (five pigs per pen) of 22-d-old pigs were fed a nonmedicated basal diet or the basal diet with carbadox (55 mg/kg), yeast (3%), or a combination of 3% yeast an ...	2002	12413084
characterization of toxoplasma gondii sag2 expressed in insect cells by recombinant baculovirus and evaluation of its diagnostic potential in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	a baculovirus carrying the sag2 gene of toxoplasma gondii was constructed, and recombinant sag2 protein (s-rsag2) was expressed in insect cells. s-rsag2 was recognized by sera from cats and pigs infected with t. gondii. mice immunized with s-rsag2 produced high titers of specific immunoglobulin g2a (igg2a) and igg1 antibodies. in an indirect fluorescent antibody test, all mouse antisera against s-rsag2 reacted strongly to the natural parasites, but those against rsag2 expressed in escherichia co ...	2002	12414772
chemiluminescent immunoassay as a microtiter system for the detection of salmonella antibodies in the meat juice of slaughter pigs.	chemiluminescent immunoassay (clia) was applied in the screening of swine meat juice samples obtained from different laboratories in germany, using the indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) as test for comparison. out of the 1350 samples tested, 987 were found acceptable for validation of results. a good level of agreement between the two tests was obtained with a kappa value of 0.824 at 20% cut-off and 0.798 at 40% cut-off. at 20% and 40% cut-off levels, a sensitivity of 96.2% and ...	2002	12420869
interactive inhibition of meat spoilage and pathogenic bacteria by lysozyme, nisin and edta in the presence of nitrite and sodium chloride at 24 degrees c.	to develop a nisin- and lysozyme-based antimicrobial treatment for use with processed ham and bologna, in vitro experiments were conducted to determine whether inhibition enhancing interactions occur between the antimicrobials lysozyme, chrisin (a commercial nisin preparation), edta, nacl and nano(2). inhibitory interactions were observed between a number of agents when used against specific pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. the observed interactions included lysozyme with edta (enterococcus fae ...	2003	12423927
prevalence of bacterial faecal pathogens in separated and unseparated stored pig slurry.	to examine the prevalence and diversity of bacterial faecal pathogens in unseparated slurry, separated solids and liquid fractions from a commercial pig farm.	2003	12641712
the effect of escherichia coli endotoxin infusion on the ventilatory response to hypoxia in unanesthetized newborn piglets.	to determine the effects of endotoxemia on the neonatal ventilatory response to hypoxia, 17 chronically instrumented and unanesthetized newborn piglets (</=7 d) were studied before and 30 min after the administration of escherichia coli o55:b5 endotoxin (n = 8) or normal saline (n = 9). minute ventilation, oxygen consumption, heart rate, arterial blood pressure, and blood gases were measured during normoxia and 10 min of hypoxia (fraction of inspired oxygen, 0.10). basal ventilation was not modi ...	2003	12646732
detection and characterization of verotoxigenic escherichia coli by a vtec/ehec multiplex pcr in porcine faeces and pig carcass swabs.	to determine whether pigs and pig carcasses are a reservoir of verotoxigenic-producing escherichia coli, a sensitive and rapid isolation method was developed. a vtec/ehec multiplex pcr method was developed to test all samples taken at the farm (n=289) and at the slaughterhouse (n=233). from the 137 positive vtec/ehec multiplex pcr farm samples, 54 strains were isolated that carried one virulence gene. of these, thirty-one strains carried the vt2e variant of the vt2 gene, which causes oedemic dis ...	2003	12648724
unexpected similarity in regulation between an archaeal inositol monophosphatase/fructose bisphosphatase and chloroplast fructose bisphosphatase.	hyperthermophilic archaea have an unusual phosphatase that exhibits activity toward both inositol-1-phosphate and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, activities carried out by separate gene products in eukaryotes and bacteria. the structures of phosphatases from archaeoglobus fulgidus (af2372) and methanococcus jannaschii (mj0109), both anaerobic organisms, resemble the dimeric unit of the tetrameric pig kidney fructose bisphosphatase (fbpase). a striking feature of af2372, but not of mj0109, is that the ...	2003	12649434
presence and characterization of extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli virulence genes in f165-positive e. coli strains isolated from diseased calves and pigs.	the virulence genotype profile and presence of a pathogenicity island(s) (pai) were studied in 18 strains of f165-positive escherichia coli originally isolated from diseased calves or piglets. on the basis of their adhesion phenotypes and genotypes, these extraintestinal pathogenic strains were classified into three groups. the f165 fimbrial complex consists of at least two serologically and genetically distinct fimbriae: f165(1) and f165(2). f165(1) is encoded by the foo operon (pap-like), and ...	2003	12682117
in vitro elution of gentamicin from plaster of paris beads.	to determine the in vitro elution characteristics of gentamicin from plaster of paris-gentamicin (pop-gent) beads.	2003	12692757
isocitrate dehydrogenase of plasmodium falciparum.	erythrocytic stages of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum rely on glycolysis for their energy supply and it is unclear whether they obtain energy via mitochondrial respiration albeit enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle appear to be expressed in these parasite stages. isocitrate dehydrogenase (icdh) is either an integral part of the mitochondrial tca cycle or is involved in providing nadph for reductive reactions in the cell. the gene encoding p. falciparum icdh was cloned and a ...	2003	12694190
pathogen survival in swine manure environments and transmission of human enteric illness--a review.	the influence of zoonotic pathogens in animal manure on human health and well-being as a direct or indirect cause of human enteric illness is examined. available international data are considered, but the study is focused on the developing situation in western canada, where it is certain there will be further rapid growth in livestock numbers, particularly hogs. major pathogens considered are escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, campylobacter, yersinia, cryptosporidium, and giardia. canada is n ...	2003	12708660
differences in antibiotic resistance in escherichia coli, isolated from east-european swine herds with or without prophylactic use of antibiotics.	the aim of the study was to compare the resistance patterns of escherichia coli isolates from pig herds with or without prophylactic use of anti-microbial substances. the presented pig units received either antibiotics or oregano as preventive feed additives. the trial was performed from april to october 2001, in the large 'country-corner', hungary-rumania-serbia. thirty of 39 evaluated herds suffered e. coli o139 k88 ac or ad lt stb caused losses, the remaining were negative for e. coli o139. t ...	2003	12710497
monoclonal antibodies to escherichia coli-expressed p46 and p65 membranous proteins for specific immunodetection of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in lungs of infected pigs.	the p46 and p65 proteins of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae are two membranous proteins carrying species-specific antigenic determinants. based on the genomic sequence of the reference strain atcc 25934, primers were designed for pcr amplification of the genes encoding entire p46 (1,260 bp) and p65 (1,803 bp) and n-terminally truncated p65(c) (1,200 bp). these primers were shown to be specific to m. hyopneumoniae since no dna amplicons could be obtained with other mycoplasma species that commonly colon ...	2003	12738649
a comparative study of biochemical and immunological properties of triosephosphate isomerase from taenia solium and sus scrofa.	we produced the taenia solium triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) in escherichia coli and compared its biochemical and immunological properties with those of the commercial tpi from sus scrofa. taenia solium tpi is a homodimer composed of two 27-kda monomers, with a specific activity of 5,683 u/mg and a km value of 0.758, and s. scrofa tpi is also dimeric with similar monomeric molecular weight, specific activity of 4,227 u/mg, and a km value of 0.51. the catalytic parameters for the isomerization o ...	2003	12760631
progesterone increases susceptibility of gilts to uterine infections after intrauterine inoculation with infectious bacteria.	in cattle and sheep, a progestogenated uterus is susceptible to infections, but this is not well documented for pigs. therefore, the effects of day of the estrous cycle and progesterone on the susceptibility to uterine infections were evaluated. gilts (n = 5 per group) were assigned to treatments in 2 x 2 factorial arrays. in exp. 1, day of cycle and bacterial challenge were main effects. on d 0 or 8, uteri were inoculated with either 70 x 10(7) cfu of escherichia coli and 150 x 10(7) cfu of arc ...	2003	12772852
lipoprotein signal peptidase of streptococcus suis serotype 2.	this paper reports the complete coding sequence for a proliprotein signal peptidase (sp-ase) of streptococcus suis, lsp. this is believed to be the first sp-ase described for s. suis. sp-ase ii is involved in the removal of the signal peptide from glyceride-modified prolipoproteins. by using in vitro transcription/translation systems, it was shown that the lsp gene was transcribed in vitro. functionality of lsp in escherichia coli was demonstrated by using an in vitro globomycin resistance assay ...	2003	12777481
development and application of a pig il-8 elisa detection system.	interleukin 8 (il-8) is a chemotactic and activating chemokine, especially for neutrophils, which plays an important role in inflammatory process. a pig il-8 specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to measure il-8 concentrations in cell culture supernatants and biological fluids. a streptavidin-biotin amplified sandwich method uses mouse capture mab iz8.03 and detection biotinylated mouse mab iz8.04 against recombinant pig il-8. the assay specifically and reproducibly re ...	2003	12778973
antibiotic resistance in animals.	there is currently no systematic surveillance or monitoring of antibiotic resistance in australian animals. registration of antibiotics for use in animals is tightly controlled and has been very conservative. fluoroquinolones have not been registered for use in food producing animals and other products have been removed from the market because of human health concerns. in the late 1970s, the animal health committee coordinated a survey of resistance in salmonella and escherichia coli isolates fr ...	2003	12807287
surveillance for antibiotic resistance in veterinary pathogens from the perspective of a regional diagnostic laboratory.	the toowoomba veterinary laboratory tests for antibiotic resistance through passive surveillance of bacterial pathogens from diseased, frequently intensively managed, animals. testing is carried out on the basis of the number of animals involved, the nature and severity of the disease and the identity and significance of the bacterium, the results guiding the submitting veterinarian in implementing appropriate treatment. the antibiotics chosen for testing are those that are currently registered ...	2003	12807288
detection of salmonella spp., yersinia enterocolitica and verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 in pigs at slaughter in italy.	from december 1999 to december 2000, 150 pigs were randomly selected in two large abattoirs of northern italy. caecal material and carcass swabs were collected and examined for salmonella, yersinia enterocolitica, and escherichia coli o157. tonsils were examined for salmonella and y. enterocolitica. salmonella was isolated from the intestinal content of 55 (36.7%) specimens, from 8 (5.3%) tonsils, and from 9 (6.0%) carcasses. ten different serotypes were detected; the more common were salmonella ...	2003	12810275
polymorphism of e. coli f18 receptor gene in different pig breeds.	the genetic variation of e. coli f18 receptor(ecf18r) loci in 867 pigs including large yorkshire, landrace, duroc, ningxiang pig, shaziling pig and daweizi pig was detected by pcr-rflp with hin6 i. the results showed as follows: the three exotic breeds including large yorkshire, landrace and duroc were proved to be polymorphic at the hin6 i-rflp site. the average susceptibility genotype frequency of ag and gg in the exotic breeds was 0.94, g allelic frequency was 0.76. the c-->a mutation frequen ...	2003	12812087
verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157:h7 in the swedish pig population.	verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157:h7 (vtec o157:h7) was detected in two of 2446 individual faecal samples collected from pigs slaughtered at five swedish slaughterhouses, indicating a prevalence of 0.08 per cent, with a 95 per cent confidence interval from 0 to 0.16 per cent four swedish vtec o157:h7-positive farms which kept ruminants and pigs were studied by repeated faecal sampling; vtec o157:h7 was isolated from the ruminants and pigs on all the farms and the same strains were pr ...	2003	12825704
the european ban on growth-promoting antibiotics and emerging consequences for human and animal health.	following the ban of all food animal growth-promoting antibiotics by sweden in 1986, the european union banned avoparcin in 1997 and bacitracin, spiramycin, tylosin and virginiamycin in 1999. three years later, the only attributable effect in humans has been a diminution in acquired resistance in enterococci isolated from human faecal carriers. there has been an increase in human infection from vancomycin-resistant enterococci in europe, probably related to the increased in usage of vancomycin f ...	2003	12837737
response of early-weaned pigs to an enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (k88) challenge when fed diets containing spray-dried porcine plasma or pea protein isolate plus egg yolk antibody.	enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) infection and resulting scours is a major problem for young pigs, especially when purified plant proteins are fed rather than spray-dried porcine plasma (sdpp). the effect of supplementing a pea protein isolate (ppi)-based diet with egg yolk antibodies (eya) from laying hens immunized with etec k88 antigen on piglet performance, incidence of scours, and gut histology was studied in a 14-d trial. ninety-six 10-d-old weaned pigs were assigned to five dietary treatmen ...	2003	12854815
effect of apitherapy in piglets with preweaning diarrhea.	this study was designed to examine the therapeutic effect of honeybee (apis mellifera l.) venom in piglets with bacterial diarrhea comparison between bee venom- and drug-treated groups was our main concern in the present study. preweaning piglets were assigned to treated and non-treated control groups. in the treated group, 47 piglets were acupunctured with the worker honeybee once a day for three consecutive days. two acupoints, gv-1 (jiao-chao) and st-25 (hai-men), were selected for apitherapy ...	2003	12856871
susceptibility of escherichia coli and enterococcus faecium isolated from pigs and broiler chickens to tetracycline degradation products and distribution of tetracycline resistance determinants in e. coli from food animals.	one hundred escherichia coli isolates from diseased and healthy pigs, cattle and broiler chickens were screened for the presence of tetracycline resistance genes tet(a), (b), (c), (d) or (e). the tet(a) gene was the most abundant (71% of the 100 isolates) followed by tet(b) (25%). the predominance of tet(a) and tet(b) applied to all three animal species, and there was no difference between the distribution of tet(a) and tet(b) genes among non-pathogenic and pathogenic e. coli in any of the anima ...	2003	12860079
apparent heterogeneity of regional blood flow and metabolic changes within splanchnic tissues during experimental endotoxin shock.	we conducted a randomized, controlled experiment of prolonged lethal endotoxin shock in pigs aiming at 1) simultaneously measuring perfusion at different parts of the gut to study the potential heterogeneity of blood flow within the splanchnic region; 2) studying the association among regional blood flows, oxygen supply, and different metabolic markers of perfusion; and 3) analyzing the association between histological gut injury and markers of perfusion and metabolism. the primary response to e ...	2003	12873953
characterization of the novel factor paa involved in the early steps of the adhesion mechanism of attaching and effacing escherichia coli.	nonenterotoxigenic porcine escherichia coli strains belonging to the serogroup o45 have been associated with postweaning diarrhea in swine and adhere to intestinal epithelial cells in a characteristic attaching and effacing (a/e) pattern. o45 porcine enteropathogenic e. coli (pepec) strain 86-1390 induces typical a/e lesions in a pig ileal explant model. using tnphoa transposon insertion mutagenesis on strain 86-1390, we found a mutant that did not induce a/e lesions. the insertion was identifie ...	2003	12874331
survey of campylobacter species, vtec o157 and salmonella species in swedish wildlife.	samples collected from 791 wild animals (canada geese, roe deer, hares, moose, wild boar and gulls) shot during hunting were examined for verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) o157, and thermophilic campylobacter and salmonella species. with the exception of one positive isolate from a wild boar, vtec o157 was not isolated from any of the animals. salmonella species were isolated only from the gulls, of which 4 per cent were estimated to be positive. thermophilic campylobacter species ...	2003	12892266
prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella spp. in surface waters of southern alberta and its relation to manure sources.	the oldman river watershed in southern alberta, canada, is an extensively irrigated region in which intensive agricultural practices have flourished. concern over water quality in the basin has been expressed because of high levels of enteric disease indigenous to the region. to address these concerns, we conducted a 2-year study to estimate the prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella spp. in surface water within the basin. this study is the first of its kind to identify e. coli o1 ...	2003	12897826
conjugative plasmid conferring resistance to olaquindox.	a conjugative plasmid, pola52, conferring resistance to the antibiotic growth promoter olaquindox has been isolated from escherichia coli from swine manure. it also confers resistance to ampicillin and chloramphenicol and has a high frequency of transfer between strains of e. coli. plasmid-borne olaquindox resistance has not been demonstrated before.	2003	12543696
reduced faecal excretion of f4+-e coli by the intramuscular immunisation of suckling piglets by the addition of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 or cpg-oligodeoxynucleotides.	in this study it was analysed whether intramuscular (im) immunisation of piglets with f4 during the suckling period could protect against oral challenge with f4(+)-escherichia coli and whether addition of 1alpha,25(oh)(2)d(3) or cpg-odn could improve this protection.f4-seronegative f4-receptor positive pigs were divided into four groups of five pigs each. the pigs were intramuscularly injected with f4 fimbriae only or supplemented with 1alpha,25(oh)(2)d(3) (d(3)-group) or cpg-odn (cpg-group). th ...	2003	12547616
flagella and motility in actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.	actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae has been considered nonmotile and nonflagellate. in this work, it is demonstrated that a. pleuropneumoniae produces flagella composed of a 65-kda protein with an n-terminal amino acid sequence that shows 100% identity with those of escherichia coli, salmonella, and shigella flagellins. the dna sequence obtained through pcr of the flic gene in a. pleuropneumoniae showed considerable identity (93%) in its 5' and 3' ends with the dna sequences of corresponding genes ...	2003	12511514
bacteriological and genetic assessment of game meat from japanese wild boars.	bacterial tests were used to assess bacterial contamination of game meat from japanese wild boars. the bacterial contamination of wild boar meat was less than that of domestic pork, as determined by aerobic plate counts (apc) and coliform counts. none of the meat examined in this study was contaminated by salmonella or e. coli o-157. to detect adulteration by domestic pig meat or european wild boar meat, 46 samples of game meat sold as japanese wild boar were examined genetically. a total of 17 ...	2003	12517093
cloning, expression and characterization of a mammalian nudix hydrolase-like enzyme that cleaves the pyrophosphate bond of udp-glucose.	a distinct udp-glucose (udpg) pyrophosphatase (ugppase, ec 3.6.1.45) has been characterized using pig kidney ( sus scrofa ). this enzyme hydrolyses udpg, the precursor molecule of numerous glycosylation reactions in animals, to produce glucose 1-phosphate (g1p) and ump. sequence analyses of the purified enzyme revealed that, similar to the case of a nucleotide-sugar hydrolase controlling the intracellular levels of adp-glucose linked to glycogen biosynthesis in escherichia coli [moreno-bruna, ba ...	2003	12429023
comparison of ligand polarization and enzyme activation in medium- and short-chain acyl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase-novel analog complexes.	spectroelectrochemical and off-resonance raman indicate that substrate/product binding to medium-chain acyl-coenzyme a (coa) dehydrogenase (pmcad) results in ligand polarization and positive flavin potential shifts, which activate the enzyme for electron transfer. bacterial short-chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase (bscad) typically exhibits smaller potential shifts upon substrate/product binding that have not been linked to ligand polarization. to further investigate the roles of ligand binding and po ...	2003	12504892
endogenous production of nitric oxide in endotoxemic piglets.	we sought to assess the relation between endotoxin-induced pulmonary hypertension and the production of nitric oxide (no) in neonatal animals. adult animals respond to endotoxin by increasing exhaled no and plasma no metabolites. the response of neonatal animals has not previously been reported. we administered 20 microg/kg of escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps) to 12- to 18-day-old and to 5- to 7-week-old piglets. pulmonary vascular resistance increased significantly in both age groups. e ...	2003	12566683
a new sulfonamide resistance gene (sul3) in escherichia coli is widespread in the pig population of switzerland.	a new gene, sul3, which specifies a 263-amino-acid protein similar to a dihydropteroate synthase encoded by the 54-kb conjugative plasmid pvp440 from escherichia coli was characterized. expression of the cloned sul3 gene conferred resistance to sulfamethoxazole on e. coli. two copies of the insertion element is15delta/26 flanked the region containing sul3. the sul3 gene was detected in one-third of the sulfonamide-resistant pathogenic e. coli isolates from pigs in switzerland.	2003	12604565
lactobacillus ruminis is a predominant lactic acid producing bacterium in the caecum and rectum of the pig.	to identify the predominant lactic acid producing bacteria in the small intestine, caecum and the rectum of the healthy pig.	2003	12904222
transfer of antibiotic resistance between commensal and pathogenic members of the enterobacteriaceae under ileal conditions.	to determine the rate of antibiotic resistance transmission between commensal and pathogenic representatives of the enterobacteriaceae.	2003	12911689
prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistance in 443 campylobacter spp. isolated from humans and animals.	in view of recent findings that a multidrug efflux pump cmeabc exists in campylobacter jejuni, 391 c. jejuni and 52 campylobacter coli of human and animal origin were examined for a multidrug resistance phenotype.	2003	12917241
binding of shiga toxin 2e to porcine erythrocytes in vivo and in vitro.	shiga toxin 2e (stx2e), produced by host-adapted shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains, causes edema disease in weaned pigs. edema disease is manifested as vascular necrosis, edema, neurologic signs, and death. in this study we sought to determine the correlation between the presence of stx2e in the blood of stec-inoculated pigs and the disease outcome. eleven of 15 (73%) pigs with clinical and 5 of 35 (14%) pigs with subclinical edema disease had detectable levels of stx2e in th ...	2003	12933864
mice intranasally immunized with a recombinant 16-kilodalton antigen from roundworm ascaris parasites are protected against larval migration of ascaris suum.	protective immunity to the pig roundworm, ascaris suum, has been demonstrated by immunization of pigs with antigens derived from the parasite's larval stages. we identified a protective antigen commonly expressed in the human and pig ascaris infections as a 16-kda protein (as16), which has no similarity at the amino acid level to mammalian proteins but has some similarity to those of the filarial parasites and caenorhabditis elegans gene product. localization analysis revealed that the native as ...	2003	12933879
designing repeat proteins: modular leucine-rich repeat protein libraries based on the mammalian ribonuclease inhibitor family.	we present a novel approach to design repeat proteins of the leucine-rich repeat (lrr) family for the generation of libraries of intracellular binding molecules. from an analysis of naturally occurring lrr proteins, we derived the concept to assemble repeat proteins with randomized surface positions from libraries of consensus repeat modules. as a guiding principle, we used the mammalian ribonuclease inhibitor (ri) family, which comprises cytosolic lrr proteins known for their extraordinary affi ...	2003	12948496
neuromodulation of enteropathogen internalization in peyer's patches from porcine jejunum.	jejunal peyer's patches (jpp) are innervated sites of immune induction and enteropathogen infection. we investigated the role of enteric nerves in modulating pathogen entry into porcine jpp. presumptive norepinephrine (ne)-containing nerve fibers were localized in jpp domes and follicle-associated villi by secondary immunofluorescence histochemistry. ne or the neuronal conduction blocker saxitoxin increased intracellular internalization of pathogenic salmonella choleraesuis and escherichia coli ...	2003	12965256
regionally differentiated fibrinolytic responses during volume-resuscitated acute endotoxemia in pigs.	microcirculatory dysfunction and formation of microthrombi are common in sepsis as a result of a procoagulant state. a profibrinolytic change has however, been reported in early sepsis. this study investigates systemic and regional (pulmonary, preportal, hepatic, renal) fibrinolytic capacity as mirrored by fluxes of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-pa) in response to acute endotoxemia and volume resuscitation.	2003	12969107
calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase, a novel therapeutic drug for lipopolysaccharide (lps)-mediated diseases, attenuates lps toxicity in mice and piglets.	it has been demonstrated that human placental alkaline phosphatase (hplap) attenuates the lipopolysaccharide (lps)-mediated inflammatory response, likely through dephosphorylation of the lipid a moiety of lps. in this study, it is demonstrated that also alkaline phosphatase derived from calf intestine (ciap) is able to detoxify lps. in mice administered ciap, 80% of the animals survived a lethal escherichia coli infection. in piglets, previous to lps detoxification, the pharmacokinetic behavior ...	2003	12970380
antimicrobial resistance genes in enterotoxigenic escherichia coli o149:k91 isolates obtained over a 23-year period from pigs.	a total of 112 escherichia coli o149:k91 strains isolated from pigs with diarrhea in quebec, canada, between 1978 and 2000 were characterized for their genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles. tests for resistance to 10 antimicrobial agents were conducted. resistance to tetracycline and sulfonamides was found to be the most frequent, but resistance to cefotaxime and ceftiofur was absent. an increase in the number of isolates resistant to at least three antimicrobials was observed over time. ...	2003	14506033
critical role of lys212 and tyr140 in porcine nadp-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase.	lys212 and tyr140 are close to the enzyme-bound isocitrate in the recently determined crystal structure of porcine nadp-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase (ceccarelli, c., grodsky, n. b., ariyaratne, n., colman, r. f., and bahnson, b. j. (2002) j. biol. chem. 277, 43454-43462). we have constructed mutant enzymes in which lys212 is replaced by gln, tyr, and arg, and tyr140 is replaced by phe, thr, glu, and lys. wild type and mutant enzymes were each expressed in escherichia coli and purified to ho ...	2003	14512428
rainfall timing and frequency influence on leaching of escherichia coli rs2g through soil following manure application.	the time between swine (sus scrofa) manure application to soil as a crop fertilizer, the first rainfall event, and the frequency of rainfall events should influence leaching potential of fecal pathogens. soil microcosms were inoculated in the lab with a swine manure isolate of escherichia coli, strain rs2g, expressing green fluorescent protein, to examine how timing and frequency of rainfall events influences rs2g leaching and survival in soil. liquid swine manure inoculated with rs2g was applie ...	2003	14535331
inspective consideration in detection of enterobacteria in the blood of normally slaughtered swine.		2003	14535415
detrimental effects of n(omega) nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-name)in experimental escherichia coli sepsis in the newborn piglet.	the role of nitric oxide during neonatal sepsis is complex. we tested the hypothesis that nonselective inhibition of nitric oxide synthase with n(omega) -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-name) is detrimental during the early phase of experimental sepsis in the newborn piglet. newborn piglets were divided into four groups: 6 in the control group, 6 in the l-name control group, 12 in the sepsis group (sg), and 11 in the sepsis with l-name group (ns). sepsis was induced by intravenous injection of ...	2003	14555813
protein refolding assisted by self-assembled nanogels as novel artificial molecular chaperone.	molecular chaperone-like activity for protein refolding was investigated using nanogels of self-assembly of cholesterol-bearing pullulan. nanogels effectively prevented protein aggregation (i.e. carbonic anhydrase and citrate synthase) during protein refolding from gdmcl denaturation. enzyme activity recovered in high yields upon dissociation of the gel structure in which the proteins were trapped, by the addition of cyclodextrins. the nanogels assisted protein refolding in a manner similar to t ...	2003	14572636
phenotypic and molecular characteristics of typical and atypical escherichia coli o157, clinical and food isolates.	enrichment, colony isolation and confirmation are three general phases of a standard diagnostic method. e. coli o 157 (the main member of ehec group) differs metabolically from other strains of e. coli in a number of ways. most isolates are slow- or non-fermenters of sorbitol and lack the enzyme beta-glucuronidase (gud). but, a variety of atypical strains of e. coli o157 (sorbitol-fermenting variants, nonmotile and gud-positive) have been reported. the discovery of these atypical pathogenic stra ...	2003	14594402
selenomethionine and selenocysteine double labeling strategy for crystallographic phasing.	a protocol for the quantitative incorporation of both selenomethionine and selenocysteine into recombinant proteins overexpressed in escherichia coli is described. this methodology is based on the use of a suitable cysteine auxotrophic strain and a minimal medium supplemented with selenium-labeled methionine and cysteine. the proteins chosen for these studies are the cathelin-like motif of protegrin-3 and a nucleoside-diphosphate kinase. analysis of the purified proteins by electrospray mass spe ...	2003	14604526
structure of the nucleocapsid protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.	porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) is an enveloped rna virus of the arteriviridae family, genomically related to the coronaviruses. prrsv is the causative agent of both severe and persistent respiratory disease and reproductive failure in pigs worldwide. the prrsv virion contains a core made of the 123 amino acid nucleocapsid (n) protein, a product of the orf7 gene. we have determined the crystal structure of the capsid-forming domain of n. the structure was solved to 2. ...	2003	14604534