Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| highly sensitive pcr assay for routine diagnosis of african swine fever virus in clinical samples. | this work provides a novel, highly sensitive, hot start pcr method for rapid and specific detection of african swine fever virus (asfv) that can be used as a routine diagnostic test for asfv in surveillance, control, and eradication programs. a confirmatory test of the specificity of this method based on restriction endonuclease analysis was also developed. | 2003 | 12958285 |
| spontaneous excision of bac vector sequences from bacmid-derived baculovirus expression vectors upon passage in insect cells. | repeated baculovirus infections in cultured insect cells lead to the generation of defective interfering viruses (dis), which accumulate at the expense of the intact helper virus and compromise heterologous protein expression. in particular, autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedovirus (acmnpv) dis are enriched in an origin of viral dna replication (ori) not associated with the homologous regions (hrs). this non-hr ori is located within the coding sequence of the non-essential p94 gene ... | 2003 | 13679600 |
| analysis of hepatitis c virus/classical swine fever virus chimeric 5'ntrs: sequences within the hepatitis c virus ires are required for viral rna replication. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is classified in the genus hepacivirus of the family flaviviridae, whose members have a single-stranded rna genome of positive polarity, which encodes a single polyprotein. within this family, hcv is closely related to viruses of the genus pestivirus, which includes classical swine fever virus (csfv). translation of the hepaci- and pestiviral polyprotein is initiated by internal entry of ribosomes, promoted by the 5'ntr. the secondary and tertiary rna structures of the hc ... | 2003 | 12810870 |
| classical swine fever--an update. | classical swine fever (csf) is a serious and contagious viral disease of pigs and wild boar with a widespread worldwide distribution. the immunopathology of the disease is poorly understood, but the ability of the csf virus to infect cells without triggering apoptosis and to kill uninfected cells is probably highly significant. the virus may be spread by various direct and indirect methods, but in most cases the exact mechanisms involved in local spread between farms are not known. excellent dia ... | 2003 | 13129664 |
| neighbourhood infections of classical swine fever during the 1997-1998 epidemic in the netherlands. | data of the 1997-1998 epidemic of classical swine fever (csf) in the netherlands were analysed in survival analysis to identify risk factors that were associated with the rate of neighbourhood infections. the study population consisted of herds within 1000 m of exclusively one previously infected herd. dates of virus introduction into herds were drawn randomly from estimated probability distributions per herd of possible weeks of virus introduction. (to confirm the insensitivity of the results f ... | 2003 | 14623411 |
| effect of prostaglandin a1 in porcine cells persistently infected with classical swine fever virus. | cyclopentenone prostaglandins are potent inhibitors of a wide variety of rna and dna viruses. in this report we describe that prostaglandin a1 (pga1) potently inhibited the replication of classical swine fever virus in cultures of pk-15 cells. the highest non-toxic dose (5 microg/ml) inhibited virus yield in 99% at the initial phase of infection and in 77% in persistent infected cells. however when pga1 was removed from persistently infected cells, the inhibition of virus replication was partial ... | 2003 | 14625897 |
| molecular epidemiology of classical swine fever in the russian federation. | the ability to discriminate between various classical swine fever virus (csfv) strains and isolates is a prerequisite for following the spread of the virus after an outbreak. to determine the relatedness between russian csfv isolates from different geographical regions, three fragments of the viral genome (5' ntr, the variable region of the e2 gene and a fragment of the ns5b gene) were sequenced and used for genetic typing. thirty-one field isolates were obtained from csf outbreaks which occurre ... | 2003 | 14633204 |
| expression of unmodified hepatitis c virus envelope glycoprotein-coding sequences leads to cryptic intron excision and cell surface expression of e1/e2 heterodimers comprising full-length and partially deleted e1. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) is a positive-strand rna virus that replicates exclusively in the cytoplasm of infected cells. the viral envelope glycoproteins, e1 and e2, appear to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, where viral budding is thought to occur. surprisingly, we found that the expression system used to generate hcv envelope glycoproteins influences their subcellular localization and processing. these findings have important implications for optimizing novel hcv fusion and entry assays ... | 2003 | 14645599 |
| expression of porcine cd163 on monocytes/macrophages correlates with permissiveness to african swine fever infection. | monocytes-macrophages, the target cells of african swine fever virus (asfv) are highly heterogeneous in phenotype and function. in this study, we have investigated the correlation between the phenotype of specific populations of porcine macrophages and their permissiveness to asfv infection. bone marrow cells and fresh blood monocytes were less susceptible to in vitro infection by asfv than more mature cells, such as alveolar macrophages. facs analyses of monocytes using a panel of mabs specific ... | 2003 | 14648288 |
| [case report: porcine circovirus type 2 infection in an european wild boar (sus scrofa) in the state of brandenburg, germany]. | this case represents the first case of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2)--infection in a free living european wild boar associated with morphological lesions, which are regarded as characteristic for postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in domestic pigs. the animal, an approximately 10 month old male, was found dead in a rural area within the state of brandenburg, germany. the closest commercial pig farm is located in 3 km distance from the spot where the carcass was found. at necro ... | 2003 | 14650740 |
| de novo rna synthesis by a recombinant classical swine fever virus rna-dependent rna polymerase. | classical swine fever virus nonstructural protein 5b (ns5b) encodes an rna-dependent rna polymerase, a key enzyme of the viral replication complex. to better understand the initiation of viral rna synthesis and to establish an in vitro replication system, a recombinant ns5b protein, lacking the c-terminal 24-amino acid hydrophobic domain, was expressed in escherichia coli. the truncated fusion protein (ns5bdelta24) was purified on a ni-chelating histrap affinity column and demonstrated to initia ... | 2003 | 14653821 |
| detection of porcine teschoviruses and enteroviruses by lightcycler real-time pcr. | porcine picornaviruses comprising at least 23 serotypes grouped into six species were described as causative agents of neurological disorders, reproductive failure, and aphthae-like dermal lesions of swine. other viruses such as classical swine fever virus (csfv), african swine fever virus, pseudorabies virus (prv), vesicular stomatitis virus, vesicular exanthema virus, porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus, and porcine parvovirus (ppv) may cause diseases with similar clinical symp ... | 2003 | 14500127 |
| high-pressure freezing in the study of animal pathogens. | high-pressure freezing is applicable to both morphological and immunocytochemical studies. we are investigating the morphogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease virus and african swine fever virus by the use of high-pressure freezing of infected cells. foot-and-mouth disease virus particles are not detected in sections of conventionally immersion-fixed infected cells, but when the cells are prepared by high-pressure freezing, newly formed virions are readily seen throughout the cell. we report two me ... | 2003 | 14516363 |
| genetic typing of recent classical swine fever virus isolates from croatia. | during a period of 5 years (1997-2001) several outbreaks of classical swine fever (csf) were recorded in croatia. for genetic typing, fragments of 150 nucleotides within the 5'-non-translated region (5'-ntr) and 190 nucleotides within the e2 glycoprotein coding gene of nine field isolates that were derived from domestic pigs and wild boars were used. for better epizootiological understanding, isolates from other european countries were included in the study. the results show that the isolates be ... | 2003 | 14516705 |
| rna-dependent rna polymerase activity of classical swine fever virus ns5b protein expressed in natural host cells. | the ns5b gene, cloned from classical swine fever virus (csfv) genome, was expressed in porcine kidney cells pk-15, natural host of csfv. in purifying cytoplasmic extracts from these cells by means of different concentrations of salt, glycerol and detergent four fractions, namely crude supernatant (sc) and different purified supernatants (s1, s2 and s3) were obtained. using western blot analysis the ns5b protein was found in all these fractions, showing that it was soluble in both higher and lowe ... | 2003 | 14524473 |
| evaluation of the oral immunisation of wild boar against classical swine fever in baden-württemberg. | the oral immunisation of wild boar against classical swine fever (csf) in baden-württemberg is described and evaluated. the bait vaccine based on the csf virus (csfv) strain "c" proved to be safe in wild boar of all age classes. the modified immunisation procedure consisting of three double vaccinations per year was very effective. csfv was not detected beyond the second immunisation campaign. the average rate of seropositive wild boar diagnosed over all immunisation periods was 49.2%. the serop ... | 2003 | 14526465 |
| evaluation of the antiviral and antimicrobial activities of triterpenes isolated from euphorbia segetalis. | a phytochemical reinvestigation of the whole plant of euphorbia segetalis yielded five tetracyclic triterpenes: 3beta-hydroxy-cycloart-25-en-24-one (1), cycloart-25-ene-3beta,24-diol (2), cycloart-23-ene-3beta,25-diol (3), lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3beta-ol (4) and lanosta-7,9(11),24(31)-trien-3beta-ol (5). beta-acetoxy-cycloart-25-en-24-one (1a) and glutinol (6), lupenone (7), dammaranodienol (9), cycloartenol acetate (10), 24-methylenecycloartanol acetate (11) and beta-sitosterol (12), isolated ... | 2003 | 14526920 |
| role of birds in transmission of classical swine fever virus. | active transmission of classical swine fever virus (csfv) was studied in six birds (five ravens, one hooded crow) and two laying hens. cloacal swabs, blood and organs of birds and hens as well as blood and organ samples of pigs which had been fed with faeces derived from csfv infected birds or which had come in contact with faeces of infected hens were negative for csfv. none of the animals seroconverted during the study. this result demonstrates that active virus transmission by these animals i ... | 2003 | 14535936 |
| evidence for the evolution of ascoviruses from iridoviruses. | ascoviruses (family ascoviridae) are large, enveloped, double-stranded (ds)dna viruses that attack lepidopteran larvae and pupae, and are unusual in that they are transmitted by parasitic wasps during oviposition. previous comparisons of dna polymerase sequences from vertebrate and invertebrate viruses suggested that ascoviruses are closely related to iridoviruses. this relationship was unexpected because these viruses differ markedly in virion symmetry, genome configuration and cellular patholo ... | 2003 | 14573805 |
| a pilot study of therapeutic vaccination with envelope protein e1 in 35 patients with chronic hepatitis c. | new treatments are needed for chronic hepatitis c patients in whom viral clearance cannot be achieved. thirty-five chronic hepatitis c patients (genotype 1) were randomized to receive 20 mug of recombinant hcv e1 (e1) (n = 26) or placebo (n = 9) intramuscularly at weeks 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24. thirty-four then received open-label e1 vaccine at weeks 50, 53, 56, 59, 62, and 65. twenty-four patients (12 men, 12 women; mean age, 52 y; 18 interferon-based treatment failures; mean baseline alanine amino ... | 2003 | 14578869 |
| expression at mrna level of cytokines and a238l gene in porcine blood-derived macrophages infected in vitro with african swine fever virus (asfv) isolates of different virulence. | porcine macrophage cultures were infected with two asfv isolates of variable virulence and mrna levels of several relevant macrophage-derived cytokines were quantified by real time pcr. at six hours post infection, a clear enhancement of mrna expression of tnfalpha, il6, il12 and il15 was observed in macrophages infected with the low virulent asfv/nh/p68 (nhv) when compared to those infected with the highly virulent asfv/l60 (l60). the sequence of the a238l gene homologue to the cellular ikappab ... | 2003 | 14579171 |
| quantification of the effect of control strategies on classical swine fever epidemics. | emergency vaccination during an epidemic of classical swine fever virus (csfv) has become a serious option because of the ethical problems of strategies with massive culling and the availability of a marker vaccine that reduces virus transmission. here we present a model of between-herd csfv transmission, which quantifies the effect of control strategies with and without vaccination. we estimate the model parameters from data of the dutch csfv epidemic of 1997/1998. with the model, a set of cont ... | 2003 | 14583170 |
| construction of an infectious chimeric classical swine fever virus containing the 5'utr of bovine viral diarrhea virus, and its application as a universal internal positive control in real-time rt-pcr. | rt-pcr is used widely as a diagnostic method to detect and differentiate pestiviruses. the construction of two chimeric classical swine fever virus (csfv) recombinants based on a marker virus constructed previously [j. virol. 72 (1998) 5318-5322] is described. these viruses, termed va187cat_5utrbvd and va187cat_iresbvd, contain the entire 5' untranslated region (5'utr) or the internal ribosome entry site (ires) of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), respectively. both chimeric viruses proved to ... | 2003 | 14599682 |
| assessment of the use of gross lesions at post-mortem to detect outbreaks of classical swine fever. | the performance of pathological findings as a diagnostic tool for the detection of classical swine fever (csf) outbreaks during the 1997/1998 csf-epidemic in the netherlands was evaluated by constructing and analysing receiver operating characteristic (roc) curves. this was done at the individual pig level and at the submission level (a group of pigs from the same herd submitted together for post-mortem investigation). at post-mortem examination, the tonsils, spleen, ileo-caecal valve and renal ... | 2003 | 14599782 |
| vaccinology of classical swine fever: from lab to field. | there are two types of classical swine fever vaccines available: the classical live and the recently developed e2 subunit vaccines. the live chinese strain vaccine is the most widely used. after a single vaccination, it confers solid immunity within a few days that appears to persist lifelong. the e2 subunit vaccine induces immunity from approximately 10-14 days after a single vaccination. the immunity may persist for more than a year, but is then not complete. the chinese strain vaccine may est ... | 2003 | 14599784 |
| protection of pigs against 'in contact' challenge with classical swine fever following oral or subcutaneous vaccination with a recombinant porcine adenovirus. | a recombinant porcine adenovirus expressing the classical swine fever virus (csfv) gp55 gene (rpadv-gp55) was administered to commercially available outbred pigs via the subcutaneous or oral route and their susceptibility to 'in contact' challenge with classical swine fever determined. animals vaccinated subcutaneously with a single dose of recombinant vaccine and challenged by 'in contact' exposure were protected from disease, whereas pigs given an equivalent single oral dose did not survive ch ... | 2003 | 14602208 |
| proteomics computational analyses suggest that hepatitis c virus e1 and pestivirus e2 envelope glycoproteins are truncated class ii fusion proteins. | class ii fusion proteins encoded by tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev), dengue virus, and semliki forest virus have a fusion peptide located at the end of a rod-like molecule comprised of three antiparallel beta sheet domains. proteomics computational analyses suggest that hepatitis c virus (hcv) envelope glycoprotein e1 and pestivirus envelope glycoprotein e2 are truncated class ii fusion proteins. similarities were also detected between the receptor-binding portion of tbev e and hcv e2, and ... | 2003 | 12667795 |
| african swine fever virus proteinase is essential for core maturation and infectivity. | african swine fever virus (asfv) encodes two polyprotein precursors named pp220 and pp62 that are sequentially processed during viral infection, giving rise to six major structural proteins. these reside at the core shell, a matrix domain located between the endoplasmic reticulum-derived inner envelope and the dna-containing nucleoid. proteolytic processing of the polyprotein precursors is catalyzed by the viral proteinase ps273r, a cysteine proteinase that shares sequence similarity with the su ... | 2003 | 12719549 |
| classical swine fever in wild boar in the lombardy region of italy from 1997 to 2002. | in 1997, outbreaks of classical swine fever occurred in wild boar and domestic pigs in the italian province of varese (lombardy region). statutory animal health measures were imposed, and a control plan aimed at preventing the virus from spreading outside the infected hunting zone of 108 km2 was implemented. however, in 1998, virologically positive wild boar were found outside this zone, including within swiss territory. the infected zone was then enlarged to include the three other hunting area ... | 2003 | 12723629 |
| a histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of the intestine in pigs inoculated with classical swine fever virus. | the aim of this study was to report on the lesions occurring in the intestine during experimental classical swine fever (csf) and to clarify the nature of infected cells and the distribution of viral antigen. thirty-two pigs were inoculated with the virulent csf virus (csfv) isolate alfort 187 and slaughtered from 2 to 15 postinoculation days; four animals of similar background served as a control group. immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and the transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphos ... | 2003 | 12724565 |
| viral internal ribosome entry site structures segregate into two distinct morphologies. | an increasing number of viruses have been shown to initiate protein synthesis by a cap-independent mechanism involving internal ribosome entry sites (iress). predictions of the folding patterns of these rna motifs have been based primarily on sequence and biochemical analyses. biophysical confirmation of the models has been achieved only for the ires of hepatitis c virus (hcv), which adopts an open structure consisting of two major stems. we have conducted an extensive comparison of flavivirus a ... | 2003 | 12743317 |
| detection of trna-like structure through rnase p cleavage of viral internal ribosome entry site rnas near the aug start triplet. | the 9600-base rna genome of hepatitis c virus (hcv) has an internal ribosome entry site (ires) in its first 370 bases, including the aug start triplet at bases 342-344. structural elements of this and other ires domains substitute for a 5' terminal cap structure in protein synthesis. recent work (nadal, a., martell, m., lytle, j. r., lyons, a. j., robertson, h. d., cabot, b., esteban, j. i., esteban, r., guardia, j., and gomez, j. (2002) j. biol. chem. 277, 30606-30613) has demonstrated that the ... | 2003 | 12746454 |
| african swine fever and classical swine fever: a review of the pathogenesis. | this paper describes major pathogenetic mechanisms of african and classical swine fever virus infections. the interactions between both viruses and the monocyte-macrophage-system result in the release of mediator molecules, which are important for the further progression of the diseases. the causes of the thrombocytopenia and the mechanisms of the haemorrhages, which are characteristic in both infections, are described. apoptotic cell death is regarded as the predominant cause of lymphopenia in ... | 2003 | 12756959 |
| [heterogeneity of ruminant pestiviruses: academic interest or important basis for the development of vaccines and diagnostics?]. | pestiviruses cause economically important diseases of farm animals. members of the pestiviruses are bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (bvdv-1), bvdv-2, classical swine fever virus (csfv) and border disease virus (bdv). phylogenetic analyses based on the entire nucleic acid sequence encoding the npro allow a statistically significant segregation of established species and of subgroups within the species. bvdv-1 strains isolated in germany can be associated with at least five different subgroups. in c ... | 2003 | 12784555 |
| classical swine fever virus interferes with cellular antiviral defense: evidence for a novel function of n(pro). | classical swine fever virus (csfv) replicates efficiently in cell lines and monocytic cells, including macrophages (mphi), without causing a cytopathic effect or inducing interferon (ifn) secretion. in the present study, the capacity of csfv to interfere with cellular antiviral activity was investigated. when the porcine kidney cell line sk-6 was infected with csfv, there was a 100-fold increased capacity to resist to apoptosis induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(ic)], a synthetic d ... | 2003 | 12805464 |
| detection of classical swine fever virus in boar semen by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. | a seminested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was developed for the detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) in semen. five boars were inoculated intranasally with csfv isolate propagated in pk15 cells. two boars inoculated with the supernatant of noninfected pk15 cells were kept as controls. semen and serum samples were collected twice weekly for 63 days postinoculation (dpi). samples were tested for the presence of antibodies to csfv by an enzyme-linked immunosor ... | 2003 | 12580293 |
| dna polymerase x of african swine fever virus: insertion fidelity on gapped dna substrates and ap lyase activity support a role in base excision repair of viral dna. | dna polymerase x (pol x) from african swine fever virus (asfv) is the smallest naturally ocurring dna-directed dna polymerase (174 amino acid residues) described so far. previous biochemical analysis has shown that asfv pol x is a highly distributive, monomeric enzyme, lacking a proofreading 3'-5' exonuclease. also, asfv pol x binds intermediates of the single-nucleotide base excision repair (ber) process, and is able to efficiently repair single-nucleotide gapped dna. in this work, we perform a ... | 2003 | 12595253 |
| inactivation of classical swine fever virus: association of hydrostatic pressure and ultraviolet irradiation. | reversible pressure-induced disassembly of several viruses has suggested the idea of using hydrostatic pressure to suppress virus infectivity. in this study, the effects of high hydrostatic pressure and ultraviolet (uv) irradiation were investigated on classical swine fever virus (csfv) in an attempt to eliminate residual infectivity. the structural modifications were followed by intrinsic fluorescence and biological activity assays. the kinetics of csfv inactivation showed that pressure-induced ... | 2003 | 12609688 |
| infectious hepatitis c virus pseudo-particles containing functional e1-e2 envelope protein complexes. | the study of hepatitis c virus (hcv), a major cause of chronic liver disease, has been hampered by the lack of a cell culture system supporting its replication. here, we have successfully generated infectious pseudo-particles that were assembled by displaying unmodified and functional hcv glycoproteins onto retroviral and lentiviral core particles. the presence of a green fluorescent protein marker gene packaged within these hcv pseudo-particles allowed reliable and fast determination of infecti ... | 2003 | 12615904 |
| animal disease eradication demands targetted resources and determination. | 2003 | 12618061 | |
| clinical signs and epidemiology of classical swine fever: a review of new knowledge. | although classical swine fever (csf) has been well known for decades and epidemics still occur, clinical diagnosis continues to cause problems for veterinary practitioners. this is due to the extensive differential diagnosis, further complicated by the emergence of new diseases such as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns). in addition, acute, chronic and prenatal courses of csf have to be distinguished. as a cause of consider ... | 2003 | 12618065 |
| localization of classical swine fever virus from chronically infected pigs by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. | classical swine fever (csf) virus (csfv) nucleic acid and antigen were detected in 15 pigs with naturally occurring chronic csf by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. the most consistent and prominent microscopic lesions were perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration and gliosis in the central nervous system of pigs with chronic csf. positive cells typically exhibited a dark brown (in situ hybridization) or red (immunohistochemistry) reaction product in the cytoplasm without backgro ... | 2003 | 12627722 |
| polyprotein processing protease of african swine fever virus: purification and biochemical characterization. | the purified recombinant african swine fever virus polyprotein processing protease cleaves the two gg-x sites in polyprotein pp62 with the same efficiency. cleavage at the site that is first recognized in vivo is not a requisite for cleavage at the second site, suggesting the existence of mechanisms that control the ordered processing of the polyprotein during infection. | 2003 | 12634404 |
| classical swine fever: pathology of bone marrow. | twenty pigs were inoculated with a virulent isolate (quillota strain) of classical swine fever (csf) virus to determine the chronological development of lesions in bone marrow. histopathologic, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical (detection of viral antigen gp55, myeloid-histiocyte antigen, cd3 antigen, and fviii-rag), and morphometric techniques were employed. viral antigen was detected from 2 days postinfection (dpi) in stromal and haematopoitic cells, and severe atrophy related to apoptos ... | 2003 | 12637755 |
| amino acids 1-20 of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) core protein specifically inhibit hcv ires-dependent translation in hepg2 cells, and inhibit both hcv ires- and cap-dependent translation in huh7 and cv-1 cells. | a self-modulating mechanism by the hepatitis c virus (hcv) core protein has been suggested to influence the level of hcv replication, but current data on this subject are contradictory. we examined the effect of wild-type and mutated core protein on hcv ires- and cap-dependent translation. the wild-type core protein was shown to inhibit both ires- and cap-dependent translation in an in vitro system. this effect was duplicated in a dose-dependent manner with a synthetic peptide representing amino ... | 2003 | 12655082 |
| genotyping field strains of african swine fever virus by partial p72 gene characterisation. | a pcr-based sequencing method was developed which permits detection and characterization of african swine fever virus (asfv) variants within 5 and 48 h, respectively, of receipt of a clinical specimen. amplification of a 478 bp fragment corresponding to the c-terminal end of the p72 gene, confirms virus presence with genetic characterization being achieved by nucleotide sequence determination and phylogenetic analysis. the method was applied to 55 viruses including those representative of the ma ... | 2003 | 12664294 |
| rapid detection of classical swine fever virus by a portable real-time reverse transcriptase pcr assay. | a fluorogenic-probe hydrolysis (taqman)-reverse transcriptase pcr assay for classical swine fever virus (csfv) was developed and evaluated in experimentally infected swine. the assay detected csfv, representing different phylogenetic groupings, but did not amplify viral rna from related pestiviruses. the assay met or exceeded the sensitivity (1 to 100 50% tissue culture infective doses per ml) of viral cultures of samples from experimentally infected animals. viral rna was detected in nasal and ... | 2003 | 12517907 |
| experimental infection with the paderborn isolate of classical swine fever virus in 10-week-old pigs: determination of viral replication kinetics by quantitative rt-pcr, virus isolation and antigen elisa. | we performed experimental infection in 10-week-old pigs with the paderborn isolate of classical swine fever virus (csfv). despite being epidemiologically linked to the major csfv outbreak in the netherlands in 1997, the in vivo replication kinetics of this isolate have to our knowledge not been described in detail previously. we found that oronasal infection with 10(4.7) tcid(50) produced mortality in three out of five pigs after 29-31 days, and severe clinical symptoms in one out of five pigs, ... | 2003 | 12523982 |
| membrane association facilitates the correct processing of pp220 during production of the major matrix proteins of african swine fever virus. | the african swine fever (asf) virus polyprotein pp220 is processed at gly-gly-x sites by a virally encoded sumo-like protease to produce matrix proteins p150, p37, p34, and p14. four gly-gly-x sites are used to produce the matrix proteins, but the polyprotein contains an additional 15 sites potentially recognized by the protease. this study shows that cleavage occurs at many, if not all, gly-gly-x sites, and at steady state, p150 and p34 are minor products of processing. significantly, only the ... | 2003 | 12525602 |
| detection of classical swine fever virus in the ovaries of experimentally infected sows. | six sows were infected intranasally with a korean isolate of classical swine fever virus (csfv). the distribution of virus in ovarian tissues was then assessed for 21 days by in-situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. csfv was detected in the ovaries between 7 and 21 days post-inoculation (dpi) by both methods, but the labelling was particularly intense and widespread at 7 dpi. csfv nucleic acid and antigen were located almost exclusively within the cytoplasm of cells shown by haematoxylin ... | 2003 | 12531688 |
| the influence of maternal immunity on the efficacy of a classical swine fever vaccine against classical swine fever virus, genogroup 2.2, infection. | in thailand, where vaccination is routinely employed, there has been an increased incidence of chronic classical swine fever (csf) outbreaks during the past decade. the major causative virus has been identified to be the moderate virulence, classical swine fever virus (csfv) of the genogroup 2.2. an investigation was made into the efficacy of a csf vaccine against this genogroup 2.2 challenge. five-week-old pigs, grouped by their level of passive antibody titer were immunized with lapinized chin ... | 2003 | 12488082 |
| establishment and characterization of two new pig cell lines for use in virological diagnostic laboratories. | two pig cell lines derived from kidney and trachea tissues and referred to as newborn swine kidney (nsk) and newborn pig trachea (nptr) were established following serial culture of primary cells. they were characterized by an epithelial-like morphology, high capacity to replicate and stability of the cell monolayer for several days after seeding. their modal chromosome number was modified in comparison to that of primary swine cells and they both displayed a transforming potential in vitro and d ... | 2003 | 12505635 |
| determination of the sequence of the complete open reading frame and the 5'ntr of the paderborn isolate of classical swine fever virus. | the classical swine fever (csf) epidemic in the netherlands in 1997-1998 lasted 14 months, during which 429 infected and 1300 at risk herds were culled, at an estimated economical cost of 2 billion us dollars. despite the overwhelming scale of the epizootic, the csf virus (csfv) strain causing the outbreak has remained largely uncharacterized. the dutch epizootic is epidemiologically linked to a small csf outbreak in 1997, in paderborn in germany. e2 and partial 5' ntr sequencing has shown that ... | 2003 | 12554101 |
| pathogenicity and kinetics of virus propagation in swine infected with the cytopathogenic classical swine fever virus containing defective interfering particles. | to analyze the pathogenicity and in vivo kinetics of the cytopathogenic (cp) classical swine fever virus (csfv) wb82 strain, which is composed of cp defective interfering (di) particles and noncytopathogenic (noncp) helper virus (wb82/e(+) strain), wb82 and wb82/e(+) strains were administered separately to domestic pigs. after inoculation with either strain, all pigs showed typical symptoms of classical swine fever (csf), such as leucopenia and high fever. there were few differences in clinical ... | 2003 | 12556994 |
| evolution of hepatitis c virus in blood donors and their respective recipients. | this paper describes the study of hepatitis c virus (hcv) evolution in the largest cohort of hcv-infected blood donors (bds)/blood recipients (brs) reported to date (25 pairs). a molecular analysis of partial sequences in the e1 (envelope) and ns5-b (polymerase) genes was performed. phylogenetic reconstruction showed that the evolution of dominant strains was qualitatively and quantitatively different in bds and brs. the evolutionary rate was significantly higher in brs, in which, in addition, m ... | 2003 | 12560577 |
| upregulation of il-10 gene expression in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | several lines of evidence suggest that porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) may have immunomodulatory effects on the host immune system. to determine the effect of prrsv on cytokine production, a multiplex pcr was established. this allowed a semi-quantitative analysis of ifn-gamma, il-2, il-4, il-10 and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) gene expression levels from porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs). these results showed that both live and ina ... | 2003 | 12560579 |
| development of a taqman pcr assay with internal amplification control for the detection of african swine fever virus. | a closed-tube polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed to allow the rapid detection of african swine fever virus (asfv) dna. this assay targets the vp72 gene of asfv and uses the 5'-nuclease assay (taqman) system to detect pcr amplicons, avoiding tube opening and potential cross-contamination of post-pcr products. an artificial mimic was engineered with the taqman probe site replaced by a larger irrelevant dna fragment allowing discrimination from asfv by using two-colour taqman probe repor ... | 2003 | 12445938 |
| codon-optimized cloning, expression and characertization of the c-terminal region of human apoptotic protein gadd34 in escherichia coli. | the human gadd34 (growth arrest and dna damage-inducible 34) is the product of an apoptosis- and dna-damage-inducible gene. the c-terminus domain of gadd34 is highly homologous to hsv-1 gamma-1 34.5, hsv-2 and the african swine fever virus virulence-associated factor nl-s. among these viral proteins, hsv-1 gamma 34.5 protein is known to prevent apoptosis of viral-infected cells. because of the difficulty in expressing gadd34 protein or any of its fragments, including the c-terminus (amino acids ... | 2004 | 14657671 |
| [ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and virus infection]. | ubiquitin is highly conserved 76 amino acid protein found in all eukaryotic organisms and ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (upp) plays a very important role in regulated non-lysosomal atp dependent protein degradation. this pathway participates in or regulates numerous cellular processes, such as selective protein degradation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, receptor control by endocytosis, immune response and the processing of antigens. neverthele ... | 2004 | 15969100 |
| classical swine fever--a step closer. | 2004 | 15977610 | |
| vaccination against classical swine fever virus: limitations and new strategies. | the most widely used vaccines for the control of classical swine fever (csf) in countries where it is endemic are live attenuated virus strains, which are highly efficacious, inducing virtually complete protection against challenge with pathogenic virus. in the european union (eu), the combination of prophylactic mass vaccination and culling of infected pigs in endemic regions has made it possible to almost eradicate the disease. however, it is not possible to discriminate between infected and v ... | 2004 | 15984328 |
| detection of classical swine fever virus in archival formalin-fixed tissues by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. | classical swine fever (csf) is an economically important office international des epizooties list a disease of swine. inadequate diagnostic infrastructure in developing countries may sometimes make the conduit of viable samples to diagnostic laboratories difficult and at times formalin-fixed tissues may be the only morbid materials available which are not amenable to most laboratory tests. the potential diagnostic abilities in such situations would be enhanced if a highly sensitive and specific ... | 2004 | 15894029 |
| attenuation of classical swine fever virus by deletion of the viral n(pro) gene. | we have reported earlier that replacement of the n(pro) gene of classical swine fever virus (csfv) by the murine ubiquitin gene only slightly affects the characteristics of virus replication in the porcine kidney cell line sk-6 [j. virol. 72 (1998) 7681]. here, for the moderately virulent csfv strain alfort/187 as well as for the highly virulent strain eystrup we show that the respective n(pro)-deleted viruses are attenuated. vaccination of pigs with either of the two deletion mutants resulted i ... | 2004 | 14670312 |
| quality management in reference tests for the diagnosis of classical swine fever. | inter-laboratory comparison tests for the diagnosis of classical swine fever (csf) have been established by the national swine fever laboratories of european union (eu) member states. they provide a method of measuring both the quality of the results of diagnostic tests performed by laboratories and the competence with which they were performed. the objective is that all laboratories obtain the same result when investigating the same sample. this study evaluates the results of serological and vi ... | 2004 | 15861884 |
| tick-borne viruses. | at least 38 viral species are transmitted by ticks. virus-tick-vertebrate host relationships are highly specific and less than 10% of all tick species (argasidae and ixodidae) are known to play a role as vectors of arboviruses. however, a few tick species transmit several (e.g. ixodes ricinus, amblyomma variegatum) or many (i. uriae) tick-borne viruses. tick-borne viruses are found in six different virus families (asfarviridae, reoviridae, rhabdoviridae, orthomyxoviridae, bunyaviridae, flaviviri ... | 2004 | 15938513 |
| adaptation of an invader assay for the detection of african swine fever virus dna. | a closed tube isothermal invader assay (third wave technologies inc., madison, wisconsin, usa) was adapted for the detection of african swine fever virus (asfv) dna. several asfv invader assays were designed successfully and tested on a real-time pcr instrument (icycler, biorad). the assay exhibiting the lowest signal/noise ratio (vp73 asfv invader assay) was analysed further using serial 10-fold dilutions of lisbon 60 asfv viral genome. the assay sensitivity was determined to be in the order of ... | 2004 | 15664044 |
| identification of antigenic regions of the erns protein for pig antibodies elicited during classical swine fever virus infection. | the structural glycoprotein e(rns) of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is one of the major antibody targets upon infection of pigs with the virus. molecular dissection of the structure of e(rns) would define the minimal immunodominant regions that induce antibody responses after infection and may thus help design an effective diagnostic reagent or vaccine. in this study, deletion analysis was made within amino acids (aa) 297 to 776 of the csfv alfort/187 polyprotein containing the large c-term ... | 2004 | 15671490 |
| when can a veterinarian be expected to detect classical swine fever virus among breeding sows in a herd during an outbreak? | the herd sensitivity (hse) and herd specificity (hsp) of clinical diagnosis of an infection with classical swine fever (csf) virus during veterinary inspection of breeding sows in a herd was evaluated. data gathered from visits to herds during the csf outbreak in 1997-1998 in the netherlands were used for the analysis. herds were visited one or more times by the same or by different veterinarians. on the basis of the veterinarians' reports, each visit was coded as 0 (negative clinical diagnosis) ... | 2004 | 15737431 |
| development of new concepts in vaccines and their effects on the control of infectious diseases (classical swine fever in particular). | molecular biology and technological advances in dna recombination have ushered in a new era in vaccinology. in particular, "deleted" vaccines have emerged over the past 10 years. the first such vaccines were used to protect pigs against aujeszky's disease. the same principles were subsequently applied to the development of vaccines against classical swine fever (csf), relaunching the debate on whether to use sanitary or medical measures. the decision about the measures to be applied depends on s ... | 2004 | 15742634 |
| the effect of sample degradation and rna stabilization on classical swine fever virus rt-pcr and elisa methods. | classical swine fever (csf), also known as hog cholera, is a highly contagious viral infection of swine caused by a member of the genus pestivirus of the family, flaviviridae. the need for accurate laboratory diagnosis of csf is particularly important as it is more reliable than clinical diagnosis. csf is endemic in many tropical countries where the climate is characterized by high ambient temperature and humidity. this study details the effect of sample quality on csf antigen-capture elisa (ac- ... | 2004 | 15158066 |
| analytical performance of several classical swine fever laboratory diagnostic techniques on live animals for detection of infection. | the diagnostic properties of several assays on live animals were studied using data from different experiments. these experiments involved 128 classical swine fever virus (csfv) infected pigs (weaner pigs, fatteners and sows). since all pigs in the study were infected with csfv, only the proportion of test positive results and the time until a test positive result is obtained were evaluated. the rt-npcr detected the highest proportion of infected pigs (98.9%), whereas the antigen elisa gave the ... | 2004 | 15158595 |
| characterization of the genome and structural proteins of hepatitis c virus resolved from infected human liver. | in the absence of satisfactory cell culture systems for hepatitis c virus (hcv), virtually all that is known about the proteins of the virus has been learned by the study of recombinant proteins. characterization of virus proteins from patients with hcv has been retarded by the low virus titre in blood and limited availability of infected tissue. here, the authors have identified a primary infection in a liver transplanted into an immunodeficient patient with chronic hcv. the patient required re ... | 2004 | 15166434 |
| interaction of classical swine fever virus with dendritic cells. | functional disruption of dendritic cells (dcs) is an important strategy for viral pathogens to evade host defences. monocytotropic viruses such as classical swine fever virus (csfv) could employ such a mechanism, since the virus can suppress immune responses and induce apoptosis without infecting lymphocytes. here, csfv was shown to infect and efficiently replicate in monocyte- and in bone marrow-derived dcs. interestingly, the infected dcs displayed neither modulated mhc nor cd80/86 expression. ... | 2004 | 15166448 |
| leukocyte subsets and specific antibodies in pigs vaccinated with a classical swine fever subunit (e2) vaccine and the attenuated orf virus strain d1701. | total white blood cell (wbc) counts and percentages of cd4a+, cd8a+, cd5a+, cd45ra+, cd45rc+, wcd21+ and swc3a+ cells in the peripheral blood of pigs were analysed in this study. blood samples were collected before and on days 4, 10, 21 and 28 after vaccination. group 1 pigs were vaccinated with a subunit e2 vaccine (gp e2 32 microg/dose), and group 2 received a subunit vaccine combined with an attenuated orf virus strain d1701 10(6.45) tcid50/dose. control pigs received a placebo. the total wbc ... | 2004 | 15168746 |
| switching on and off the cell death cascade: african swine fever virus apoptosis regulation. | 2004 | 15171607 | |
| phylogenetic analysis of the e2 gene of classical swine fever viruses from lao pdr. | the e2 genes of 21 classical swine fever viruses (csfv) were genetically characterized and compared with reference csf viruses. the viruses originated from csf outbreaks that occurred in the lao people's democratic republic (lao pdr) during 1997 though to 1999. all viruses characterized belonged to genogroup 2 and were members of subgroups 2.1 and 2.2. results demonstrated a geographic delineation between subgroups 2.1 that was only found in the north-central region, and subgroup 2.2 that was mo ... | 2004 | 15177896 |
| role of n-glycan trimming in the folding and secretion of the pestivirus protein e(rns). | n-glycosylation inhibitors have antiviral effect against bovine viral diarrhea virus. this effect is associated with inhibition of the productive folding pathway of e1 and e2 envelope glycoproteins. e(rns) is the third pestivirus envelope protein, essential for virus infectivity. the protein is heavily glycosylated, its n-linked glycans counting for half of the apparent molecular weight. in this report we address the importance of n-glycan trimming in the biosynthesis, folding, and intracellular ... | 2004 | 15178456 |
| pseudotype hepatitis c virus enters immature myeloid dendritic cells through the interaction with lectin. | dendritic cells (dc) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells that regulate immune responses. one of the mechanisms for hepatitis c virus (hcv) persistence is the ability of hcv to suppress dc function. direct hcv infection to blood dc has been implicated for dc dysfunction. to clarify the susceptibility of each dc subset to hcv, we used pseudotype vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) coated with chimeric hcv envelope glycoproteins (e1 and e2). we demonstrate that pseudotype vsv enters myeloid d ... | 2004 | 15183055 |
| [import risk analysis in animal disease control]. | at the swiss federal veterinary office risk analyses are conducted according to international standards. a risk analysis contains the elements risk management, risk assessment and risk communication. a risk assessment is based on risk profile, hazard identification and a pathway model. all available information is gathered, documented and assessed and the risk estimated. the question. "what is the probability that unprocessed wild boar meat imported to switzerland from the federal state mecklenb ... | 2004 | 15188677 |
| characterization of infectious retroviral pseudotype particles bearing hepatitis c virus glycoproteins. | the recent development of infectious retroviral pseudotypes bearing hepatitis c virus (hcv) glycoproteins represents an opportunity to study the functionally active form of the hcv e1 and e2 glycoproteins. in the culture supernatant of cells producing hcv retroviral pseudotypes, the majority of e2 was not associated with infectious particles and failed to sediment on sucrose gradients. the e2 that was incorporated into infectious particles appeared as a triplet of diffuse bands at 60, 70, and 90 ... | 2004 | 15194763 |
| modulation of p53 cellular function and cell death by african swine fever virus. | modulation of the activity of tumor suppressor p53 is a key event in the replication of many viruses. we have studied the function of p53 in african swine fever virus (asfv) infection by determining the expression and activity of this transcription factor in infected cells. p53 levels are increased at early times of infection and are maintained throughout the infectious cycle. the protein is transcriptionally active, stabilized by phosphorylation, and localized in the nucleus. p53 induces the ex ... | 2004 | 15194793 |
| development of an optimized protocol for the detection of classical swine fever virus in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues by seminested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and comparison with in situ hybridization. | an optimized protocol was developed for the detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues obtained from experimentally and naturally infected pigs by seminested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the results for seminested rt-pcr were compared with those determined by in situ hybridization. the results obtained show that the use of deparaffinization with xylene, digestion with proteinase k, extraction with trizol ls, followed ... | 2004 | 15196906 |
| detection and genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in pigs from croatia. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) from the circoviridae family has recently been associated with two serious diseases of swine, post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns). during 2002, several outbreaks of clinical disease in pigs with weights ranging from 10 to 70 kg occurred on four farms in different locations in croatia. the signs were consistent with pmws and pdns. apart from progressive weight loss, pneumonia and/or diarrhoea, m ... | 2004 | 15196907 |
| african swine fever virus proteins involved in evading host defence systems. | african swine fever virus (asfv) can cause an acutely fatal haemorrhagic fever in domestic pigs although in its natural hosts, warthogs, bushpigs and the soft tick vector, ornithodoros moubata, asfv causes inapparent persistent infections. the virus is a large, cytoplasmic, double-stranded dna virus which has a tropism for macrophages. as it is the only member of the asfarviridae family, asfv encodes many novel genes not encoded by other virus families. the ability of the virus to persist in its ... | 2004 | 15207450 |
| new transport peptides broaden the horizon of applications for peptidic pharmaceuticals. | protein transduction domains (ptds) have proven to be an invaluable tool to transduce a wide variety of cargo's including peptides across the plasma membrane and into intact tissue. the ptds are able to deliver biologically active molecules both in vitro and in vivo. this study describes many new polybasic ptds of which some are just as potent as the ptds derived from extracellular rnases or other published ptds. large differences in potency became apparent when the ptds are coupled to particula ... | 2004 | 15209161 |
| comparison of the effects of rnase-negative and wild-type classical swine fever virus on peripheral blood cells of infected pigs. | elimination of the rnase activity of classical swine fever virus (csfv) glycoprotein e(rns) was previously shown to result in virus attenuation. specific reduction of b cell numbers in the peripheral blood, a typical symptom of csfv infection in pigs, was not detected on infection with the rnase-negative mutant c-h346delta [meyers et al. (1999). j virol 73, 10224-10235]. the present report shows that this feature is restricted to this specific virus mutant, and does not represent a general prope ... | 2004 | 15218175 |
| identification of cellular proteins modified in response to african swine fever virus infection by proteomics. | changes in gene expression are produced in cells as a consequence of virus infections. in the present work, we used proteomic technology to globally examine african swine fever virus (asfv)-infected vero cells searching for infection-associated proteins in order to determine target proteins for pathogenesis studies. we studied the alterations in cellular protein profile after asfv infection by two-dimensional electrophoresis, identifying the modified cellular proteins by matrix-assisted laser de ... | 2004 | 15221765 |
| the african swine fever virus dynein-binding protein p54 induces infected cell apoptosis. | a specific interaction of asfv p54 protein with 8 kda light chain cytoplasmic dynein (dlc8) has been previously characterized and this interaction is critical during virus internalization and transport to factory sites. during early phases of infection, the virus induces the initiation of apoptosis triggering activation of caspase-9 and -3. to analyze the role of the structural protein p54 in apoptosis, transient expression experiments of p54 in vero cells were carried out which resulted in effe ... | 2004 | 15225638 |
| transport of african swine fever virus from assembly sites to the plasma membrane is dependent on microtubules and conventional kinesin. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a large dna virus that assembles in perinuclear viral factories located close to the microtubule organizing center. in this study, we have investigated the mechanism by which asfv reaches the cell surface from the site of assembly. immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that at 16 h postinfection, mature virions were aligned along microtubules. furthermore, virus movement to the cell periphery was inhibited when microtubules were depolymerized by nocodazole. i ... | 2004 | 15254171 |
| the c-type lectin homologue gene (ep153r) of african swine fever virus inhibits apoptosis both in virus infection and in heterologous expression. | the open reading frame ep153r of african swine fever virus (asfv) encodes a nonessential protein that has been involved in the hemadsorption process induced in virus-infected cells. by the use of a virus deletion mutant lacking the ep153r gene, we have detected, in several virus-sensitive cells, increased levels of caspase-3 and cell death as compared with those obtained after infection with the parental ba71v strain. both transient and stable expression of the ep153r gene in vero or cos cells r ... | 2004 | 15262504 |
| characterization of pathogenic and non-pathogenic african swine fever virus isolates from ornithodoros erraticus inhabiting pig premises in portugal. | ten african swine fever virus isolates from the soft tick ornithodoros erraticus collected on three farms in the province of alentejo in portugal were characterized by their ability to cause haemadsorption (had) of red blood cells to infected pig macrophages, using restriction enzyme site mapping of the virus genomes and by experimental infection of pigs. six virus isolates induced haemadsorption and four were non-haemadsorbing (non-had) in pig macrophage cell cultures. the restriction enzyme si ... | 2004 | 15269356 |
| determinants of virulence of classical swine fever virus strain brescia. | two related classical swine fever virus (csfv) strain brescia clones were isolated from blood samples from an infected pig. virus c1.1.1 is a cell-adapted avirulent variant, whereas cobrb is a virulent variant. sequence analysis revealed 29 nucleic acid mutations in c1.1.1, resulting in 9 amino acid substitutions compared to the sequence of cobrb (476)r. using reverse genetics, parts of the genomes of these viruses, which contain differences that lead to amino acid changes, were exchanged. anima ... | 2004 | 15280489 |
| detection of economically important viruses in boar semen by quantitative realtime pcr technology. | the objective of this study was to develop quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (reti-pcr) tests for the detection of five economically important viruses in swine semen namely, pseudorabies virus (prv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), swine vesicular disease virus (svdv), and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). each reti-pcr test was validated for specificity, analytical sensitivity (detection limits), and experimental ... | 2004 | 15288957 |
| [inactivation of viruses of different taxonomic groups by cuprous sulphate]. | study results of inactivated effects exerted by cuprous sulphate on viruses of different taxonomy groups are summarized in the paper. cuprous sulphate is a simple and reliable agent in inactivation of viruses of classical porcine fever, aujeszky's disease and bovine infectious rhinotracheitis. its inactivation action is based on the ability to reduce the viral genome to low-molecular fragment. apart from inactivation of the virus material, a decreased level of protective antibody determinants is ... | 2004 | 15293511 |
| risks to farm animals from pathogens in composted catering waste containing meat. | uncooked meat may contain animal pathogens, including bovine spongiform encephalopathy, foot-and-mouth disease virus, african swine fever virus and classical swine fever virus, and to prevent outbreaks of these diseases in farm animals, the disposal of meat from catering waste is controlled under the animal by-products regulations. this paper estimates the risks to farm animals of grazing land on to which compost, produced by the composting of catering waste containing meat, has been applied. th ... | 2004 | 15311800 |
| evaluation of baculovirus expression vectors with enhanced stability in continuous cascaded insect-cell bioreactors. | continuous protein production with baculovirus expression vectors in insect-cell bioreactors is characterized by a dramatic drop in heterologous protein production within a few weeks. this is mainly due to the spontaneous deletion of the heterologous gene(s) from the baculovirus genome and/or to the rapid accumulation of defective interfering baculoviruses (dis). cell culture experiments with bacmid-derived baculoviruses showed that spontaneous deletions in the foreign bacterial artificial chrom ... | 2004 | 15329932 |
| studies on the virulence of two field isolates of the classical swine fever virus genotype 2.3 rostock in wild boars of different age groups. | the virulence of two isolates of the classical swine fever virus (csfv) was studied in experimentally infected wild boars of different ages. the isolates, originating from wild boars shot in mecklenburg-western pomerania (isolate '1829-nvp') and in rhineland-palatinate (isolate '11722-wil'), belong to the genetic subgroup 2.3 rostock. clinical picture, transient viraemia, virus excretion and gross lesions at necropsy as well as a failure of virus detection at the end of the experiment revealed t ... | 2004 | 15330978 |
| two african swine fever virus proteins derived from a common precursor exhibit different nucleocytoplasmic transport activities. | african swine fever virus (asfv), a large icosahedral deoxyvirus, is the causative agent of an economically relevant hemorrhagic disease that affects domestic pigs. the major purpose of the present study was to investigate the nuclear transport activities of the asfv p37 and p14 proteins, which result from the proteolytic processing of a common precursor. experiments were performed by using yeast-based nucleocytoplasmic transport assays and by analysis of the subcellular localization of differen ... | 2004 | 15331706 |
| african swine fever virus inhibits induction of the stress-induced proapoptotic transcription factor chop/gadd153. | stress signaling from mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (er) leads to the induction of the proapoptotic transcription factor chop/gadd153. many viruses use the er as a site of replication and/or envelopment, and this activity can lead to the activation of er stress and apoptosis. african swine fever virus (asfv) is assembled on the cytoplasmic face of the er and ultimately enveloped by er membrane cisternae. the virus also recruits mitochondria to sites of viral replication and induces ... | 2004 | 15367650 |
| specific interaction between the classical swine fever virus ns5b protein and the viral genome. | the ns5b protein of the classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the rna-dependent rna polymerase of the virus and is able to catalyze the viral genome replication. the 3' untranslated region is most likely involved in regulation of the pestivirus genome replication. however, little is known about the interaction between the csfv ns5b protein and the viral genome. we used different rna templates derived from the plus-strand viral genome, or the minus-strand viral genome and the csfv ns5b protein ob ... | 2004 | 15373834 |