Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| cd20 is physically and functionally coupled to mhc class ii and cd40 on human b cell lines. | engagement of mhc class ii and cd40 on b cell lines triggers intracellular signals that activates cell surface adhesion receptors, resulting in lfa-1-dependent and -independent cell-cell adhesion. in this study, a murine monoclonal antibody (mab r21) has been produced against a lfa-1-negative human b cell line and proven to completely block mhc class ii- and cd40-induced lfa-1-independent homotypic adhesion. however, this mab failed to prevent mhc class ii- or cd40-induced homotypic adhesion in ... | 1999 | 9933087 |
| differential regulation of in vitro cytokine production by human blood cells in response to methylmethacrylate. | the effect of methylmethacrylate (mma) on human whole blood cultures (wbc) obtained from healthy donors was investigated. lymphocyte transformation and cytokine production, that is, interleukin 6 (il-6), interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha), were used to evaluate the immunological activities of mma. primary cytotoxicity testing of mma in jurkat cells showed that this compound decreased the cell proliferation to 50% at a concentration of >60 mmol/l. similarly, ... | 1999 | 9973002 |
| u18666a inhibits intracellular cholesterol transport and neurotransmitter release in human neuroblastoma cells. | to determine if neurochemical function might be impaired in cell models with altered cholesterol balance, we studied the effects of u18666a (3-beta-[(2-diethyl-amino)ethoxy]androst-5-en-17-one) on intracellular cholesterol metabolism in three human neuroblastoma cell lines (sk-n-sh, sk-n-mc, and sh-sy5y). u18666a (< or =0.2 microg/ml) completely inhibited low density lipoprotein (ldl)-stimulated cholesterol esterification in sk-n-sh cells, while cholesterol esterification stimulated by 25-hydrox ... | 1999 | 9973239 |
| biological activities of 1,1,6-trisubstituted indanes: beyond magainin 2. | msi-78 is a peptide analog of naturally occurring magainin 2 isolated from the skin of xenopus laevis. the peptide is known to have one of the strongest antibacterial activities in magainin 2 analogs against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). to find novel compounds superior to msi-78, we have further designed, synthesizing 1,1-di(4-aminobutyl)-6-benzylindane (pm4) and 1,1-dibenzyl-6-(4-aminobutyl) indane (pm5), and tested their inhibitory ability of the growth of s. aureus. in ... | 1999 | 9989665 |
| staphylococcal toxins augment specific ige responses by atopic patients exposed to allergen. | microbial agents are known to play a significant role in aggravating allergic diseases. recently described viral and bacterial superantigens represent one important strategy by which infectious agents can stimulate the immune response. in previous work, we reported that the staphylococcal toxin toxic shock toxin-1 (tsst-1), a prototypic superantigen, induces in vitro total ige synthesis after cross-linking t and b cells. this study was carried out to establish a potential link between superantig ... | 1999 | 9989792 |
| role of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase cascade in human neutrophil killing of staphylococcus aureus and candida albicans and in migration. | killing of staphylococcus aureus and candida albicans by neutrophils involves adherence of the microorganisms, phagocytosis, and a collaborative action of oxygen reactive species and components of the granules. while a number of intracellular signalling pathways have been proposed to regulate neutrophil responses, the extent to which each pathway contributes to the killing of s. aureus and c. albicans has not been clearly defined. we have therefore examined the effect of blocking one such pathwa ... | 1999 | 10024574 |
| mechanisms of internalization of staphylococcus aureus by cultured human osteoblasts. | staphylococcus aureus is an important bone pathogen, and evidence shows that this organism is internalized by chick osteoblasts. here we report that s. aureus is internalized by human osteoblasts. internalization was inhibited by monodansylcadaverine and cytochalasin d and to a lesser extent by ouabain, monensin, colchicine, and nocodazole. we propose that internalization occurs via a receptor-mediated pathway, requiring the participation of cytoskeletal elements, principally actin. | 1999 | 10225942 |
| a novel microbial infection-responsive drug release system. | the aim of this study was to construct a novel drug delivery system suitable for controlled release of antibiotics. there is a need for devices that release antibiotics only during microbial infection, because prophylactic or prolonged use of antibiotics leads to serious problems, such as renal and liver toxicity and the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria (e.g., meticillin-resistant staphylococcusaureus). we found previously that staphylococcus aureus-infected wound fluid showed high thrombin- ... | 1999 | 10229641 |
| effects of erdosteine and its metabolites on bacterial adhesiveness. | erdosteine (cas 84611-23-4) is administered as a mucolytic drug in patients with pulmonary disorders who suffer from a thickening of bronchial mucus with altered physico-chemical characteristics. erdosteine itself does not have a free thiol group but its metabolization produces active metabolites with a -sh group that is capable of breaking disulfide bonds of mucins and improving the mucociliary clearance of the airways, and thus reproducing the effects of the class of muco-active drugs having a ... | 1999 | 10337454 |
| mechanisms of staphylococcus aureus invasion of cultured osteoblasts. | staphylococcus aureus is a bacterial pathogen causing approximately 80% of all cases of human osteomyelitis. this bacterium can adhere to and become internalized by osteoblasts and previous studies indicate that osteoblasts are active in the internalization process. in the current study, we examined the roles of microfilaments, microtubules and clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis in the internalization of s. aureus by mc3t3-e1 mouse osteoblast cells. microfilament and microtubule po ... | 1999 | 10343060 |
| broadly protective vaccine for staphylococcus aureus based on an in vivo-expressed antigen. | vaccines based on preferential expression of bacterial antigens during human infection have not been described. staphylococcus aureus synthesized poly-n-succinyl beta-1-6 glucosamine (pnsg) as a surface polysaccharide during human and animal infection, but few strains expressed pnsg in vitro. all s. aureus strains examined carried genes for pnsg synthesis. immunization protected mice against kidney infections and death from strains that produced little pnsg in vitro. nonimmune infected animals m ... | 1999 | 10348739 |
| effect of teicoplanin on isolation of staphylococcus aureus from blood culture media. | intraoperative bacteraemia has been used as an indicator of the efficacy of prophylactic antibiotics. two clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus in nutrient broth, with or without human serum, were exposed to teicoplanin (50 mg/l) and, either immediately or after 30 min, inoculated into blood culture bottles. bottles with and without resin were used and the experiment was repeated five times with one strain. in the absence of teicoplanin, an inoculum of 10 cfu/ml produced growth in both resi ... | 1999 | 10350393 |
| [a case of interstitial nephritis induced by a super antigen produced by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) presenting as acute renal failure]. | we report the case of a 21-year-old man who had been developing acute renal failure with methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) colitis and sepsis. he was admitted for consciousness disturbance, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. oliguria was also observed and his serum creatinine level was elevated to 10 mg/dl. urinary protein was positive and an abundance of hyaline cast were seen in urinary sedimentation. diarrhea and pyrexia were prolonged and serum c-reactive proteins were elevated ... | 1999 | 10361425 |
| [combination effect of teicoplanin and panipenem on highly resistant strains of mrsa]. | we investigated the in vitro combination effect of teicoplanin (teic) and panipenem (papm) on highly oxacillin-resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) isolated from various clinical specimens. combination of teic and papm using checkerboard titration technique by agar dilution exhibited an excellent effect with mean fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.18 +/- 0.07 on 47 mrsa strains, and the effects were judged as synergistic against all of the strains tested. in the combinat ... | 1999 | 10367264 |
| assembly of staphylococcus aureus leukocidin into a pore-forming ring-shaped oligomer on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and rabbit erythrocytes. | staphylococcal leukocidin consists of two separate proteins, luks and lukf, which cooperatively lyse human and rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes and rabbit erythrocytes. here we studied the pore-forming properties of leukocidin and the molecular architecture of the leukocidin pore. (1) leukocidin caused an efflux of potassium ions from rabbit erythrocytes and swelling of the cells before hemolysis. however, ultimate lysis of the toxin-treated swollen erythrocytes did not occur when polyethylen ... | 1999 | 10380630 |
| inhibitory activity of paenibacillus polymyxa sce2 against human pathogenic micro-organisms. | paenibacillus polymyxa strain sce2 was shown to inhibit the growth of different potential human pathogenic bacterial strains and fungi in vitro. to determine the genetic characterization of this antimicrobial substance, strain sce2 was transformed with plasmid ptv32(ts), a delivery vector for tn917-lac. after transposition, four mutants were shown to have lost their capability to inhibit micrococcus sp. and staphylococcus aureus rn450, but they continued to inhibit the growth of corynebacterium ... | 1999 | 10389257 |
| feglymycin, a novel inhibitor of the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus. fermentation, isolation and structure elucidation. | the novel peptide feglymycin has been isolated from cultures of streptomyces sp. dsm 11171 by solid phase extraction, size exclusion chromatography and repeated reversed-phase chromatography. the molecular weight was found to be 1900.90 g/mol and the molecular formula is c95h97nl3o30. feglymycin contains 13 amino acids of which four are 3-hydroxyphenylglycine and five are 3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine residues. the structure of the linear peptide has been determined by 1h and 13c nmr spectroscopy. ... | 1999 | 10395273 |
| [methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) mediastinitis after cardiovascular operations]. | we described three cases of poststernotomy mediastinitis caused by mrsa. the first case 74-year-old woman who had undergone emergent cabg was treated by continuous closed irrigation and consecutive omental transfer. she was suffered from multiple organ failure and died. the other two cases 50-year-old woman and 66-year-old man after double valves replacement and total aortic arch replacement were managed successfully with simultaneous combination of surgical debridement and placement of omental ... | 1999 | 10402786 |
| cell surface characteristics of microbiological isolates from human percutaneous titanium implants in the head and neck. | percutaneous implants are commonly associated with several problems, and different failure modes have been described. infections constitute one serious complication which may lead to the removal of the implant. in contrast to infections around polymer implants, infections around skin-penetrating titanium implants anchored in the temporal bone are often cured by local treatment. coagulase-negative staphylococci are the most common etiological agents in infections related to polymers whereas staph ... | 1999 | 10403050 |
| induction of cc chemokines in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by staphylococcal exotoxins and its prevention by pentoxifylline. | we investigated the inflammatory processes that might be associated with the arthrogenic activity of staphylococcus aureus, the principal causative agent of bacterial arthritis. human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were stimulated with the staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tsst-1) or enterotoxin b (seb) and the production of chemokines was examined. both tsst-1 and seb induced high levels (ng/ml) of mip-1alpha, mip-1beta, and mcp-1. the induction of these chemokines occurre ... | 1999 | 10411004 |
| cystic fibrosis: an inherited susceptibility to bacterial respiratory infections. | cystic fibrosis is a severe monogenic disorder of ion transport in exocrine glands. the basic defect predisposes to chronic bacterial airway infections with staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and burkholderia cepacia. the pseudomonas infections in cystic fibrosis are a paradigm of how versatile environmental bacteria can conquer, adapt and persist in an atypical habitat and successfully evade defence mechanisms and chemotherapy in a susceptible host. regular ch ... | 1999 | 10431168 |
| a patient who survived total colonic type ulcerative colitis complicated by toxic megacolon, disseminated intravascular coagulation, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection and bilateral femoral phlebothrombosis. | we report a patient who survived total colonic type ulcerative colitis (uc) complicated by toxic megacolon (tm), disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection, and phlebothrombosis. a 69-year-old man was treated for about 4 months under the diagnosis of ischemic colitis at another hospital, and was transferred to our hospital. based on endoscopic and pathological findings, we strongly suspected uc, and administered salazosulfapyridine and met ... | 1999 | 10433020 |
| a randomized clinical trial of mupirocin in the eradication of staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in human immunodeficiency virus disease. | seventy-six human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage were randomized to treatment groups receiving intranasal mupirocin or placebo twice daily for 5 days. nasal cultures for s. aureus were obtained at 1, 2, 6, and 10 weeks after therapy. at 1 week, 88% of mupirocin-treated patients had negative nasal cultures compared with 8% in placebo patients (p<.001). the percentage of mupirocin-treated patients with persistently negative nasal cultures d ... | 1999 | 10438389 |
| varicella arthritis diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction. | we report a 2-year-old girl who developed acute arthritis of the left knee 4 days after the onset of a typical varicella infection. she was first thought to have pyogenic arthritis caused by staphylococcus aureus. accordingly, oxacillin was administered upon hospitalization. on the third day after hospitalization, bacterial cultures of the synovial fluid and blood showed no growth and oxacillin was discontinued. although a viral culture of the synovial fluid for varicella-zoster virus (vzv) was ... | 1999 | 10463004 |
| [a case of empyema after pneumonectomy caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus infection treated successfully with local administration with vancomycin]. | a 55-year-old man underwent left pneumonectomy due to squamous cell carcinoma. three weeks later bronchopleural fistula and pleural empyema with mrsa infection were recognized. treatment was based on closed pleural drainage and antibiotic therapy. initially patient was treated with trimethoprin-sulfamethoxazole and then vancomycin intravenously but empyema was not cured completely. therefore repeated instillation of vancomycin into the empyema cavity was applied. after 6 days of treatment, cultu ... | 1999 | 10481526 |
| development and characterization of a staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization model in mice. | staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage is a risk factor for infection in humans, particularly in the hospital environment. attenuation of carriage has proven effective in reducing the prevalence of infection in some high-risk groups. to study staphylococcal factors that influence nasal colonization, a mouse model of s. aureus nasal colonization was developed. mice were inoculated intranasally with s. aureus reynolds, and nasal carriage was evaluated by quantitating cultures of the nasal tissues fr ... | 1999 | 10496870 |
| the antimicrobial efficiency of piper betle linn leaf (stalk) against human pathogenic bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi. | the in vitro antimicrobial activity of different varieties of piper betle linn, leaf stalk extracts were studied against human pathogenic bacteria and phytopathogenic fungi by comparing the results with standard microbial susceptibility testing biodiscs. the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of all the four varieties have shown significant activity against bacteria vibrio cholerae ogawa, staphylococcus aureus, diplococcus pneumoniae and klebsiella aerogenes. the hexane and benzene extracts have ... | 1999 | 10499145 |
| [superantigens and their importance for inflammatory skin diseases]. | superantigens are a group of bacterial and viral proteins that are characterized by their capacity to stimulate a large number of t-cells simultaneously. superantigens bind directly to the mhc class ii molecule on the antigen-presenting cell and crosslink the cell with t-cells expressing certain v beta-chains on their t-cell receptor which leads to a vigorous polyclonal t-cell activation. staphylococcal superantigens seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of systemic diseases such as toxic shoc ... | 1999 | 10500463 |
| staphylococcus aureus adherence to nasal epithelial cells in a physiological in vitro model. | nasal carriage of staphylococcus aureus represents a risk factor for subsequent invasive infections and interpatient transmission of strains. no physiological in vitro model of nasal epithelial cells is available to study both patient- and bacteria-related characteristics and their interaction, leading to adherence and colonization. starting with tissues from human nasal polyps, a confluent, squamous, nonkeratinized epithelium in collagen-coated 96-well microtiter plates was obtained after 14 d. ... | 1999 | 10501087 |
| the effects of nora inhibition on the activities of levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin against two genetically related strains of staphylococcus aureus in an in-vitro infection model. | nora is a membrane-associated multidrug efflux protein that can decrease susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in staphylococcus aureus. we have previously determined that nora inhibition can increase fluoroquinolone killing activity and post-antibiotic effect. in the current investigation, we studied the killing activity and development of resistance for levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin with or without the h+/k+ atpase inhibitor omeprazole, in a wild-type strain of s. aureus (sa-1199) a ... | 1999 | 10511401 |
| antibacterial activity of multiple antigen peptides homologous to a loop region in human lactoferrin. | an 11-residue peptide (fqwqrnmrkvr) homologous to just over half the loop region of human lactoferricin is thought to be responsible for antimicrobial properties of human lactoferricin. multiple antigen peptides (map) of the 11-residue peptide exerted significant antibacterial effects against a broad spectrum of bacteria including mrsa. more than eight branching was favourable for increasing its antibacterial activity. our report shows a novel possibility for map to increase the activity of anti ... | 1999 | 10517161 |
| formation of a carcinogenic aromatic amine from an azo dye by human skin bacteria in vitro. | azo dyes represent the major class of dyestuffs. they are metabolised to the corresponding amines by liver enzymes and the intestinal microflora following incorporation by both experimental animals and humans. for safety evaluation of the dermal exposure of consumers to azo dyes from wearing coloured textiles, a possible cleavage of azo dyes by the skin microflora should be considered since, in contrast to many dyes, aromatic amines are easily absorbed by the skin. a method for measuring the abi ... | 1999 | 10523869 |
| the synthesis and antibacterial activity of totarol derivatives. part 1: modifications of ring-c and pro-drugs. | a series of analogues of, and potential pro-drugs derived from, the potent antibacterial diterpene totarol (1) were synthesized in order to elucidate the minimum structural requirements for antibacterial activity and to seek compounds with good bioavailability in vivo. these analogues varied in the structural features of their aromatic rings and the prodrugs were o-glycosylated derivatives. they were tested in vitro against three gram-positive bacteria: beta-lactamase-positive and high level gen ... | 1999 | 10530944 |
| bacterial species- and strain-dependent induction of tissue factor in human vascular endothelial cells. | a cardinal process in bacterial endocarditis (be) is the activation of the clotting system and the formation of a fibrin clot on the inner surface of the heart, the so-called endocardial vegetation. the processes that lead to the activation of the clotting system on endothelial surfaces upon exposure to bacteria are largely unknown. in the present study, we investigated in an in vitro model whether infection of human endothelial cells (ec) with bacteria that are relevant to be, such as staphyloc ... | 1999 | 10531276 |
| stress resistance in staphylococcus aureus. | staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen of increasing importance as a result of the spread of antibiotic resistance. it causes a wide range of diseases and survives outside the host by virtue of its adaptability and resistance to environmental stress. several cellular components involved in staphylococcus aureus stress resistance have begun to be characterized. | 1999 | 10542426 |
| slime production by staphylococci isolated from prosthesis-associated infections. | clinical isolates of staphylococcus epidermidis are frequently referred to produce a biofilm, known as slime, involved in adherence to medical devices and in resistance to host defences. a high frequency of slime producing staphylococcus aureus strains was never reported, at least in the case of human isolates. in the present study the production of slime by clinical isolates of s. aureus and s. epidermidis from catheter associated infections and from post-surgical infections was studied by a se ... | 1999 | 10555204 |
| vitronectin and its fragments purified as serum inhibitors of staphylococcus aureus gamma-hemolysin and leukocidin, and their specific binding to the hlg2 and the luks components of the toxins. | staphylococcal gamma-hemolysin and leukocidin are bi-component cytolysins, consisting of lukf (or hlg1)/hlg2 and lukf/luks, respectively. here, we purified serum inhibitors of gamma-hemolysin and leukocidin from human plasma. protein sequencing showed that the purified inhibitors of 62, 57, 50 and 38 kda were the vitronectin fragments with truncation(s) of the c-terminal or both n- and c-terminal regions. the purified vitronectin fragments specifically bound to the hlg2 component of gamma-hemoly ... | 1999 | 10556515 |
| organotin compounds decrease in vitro survival, proliferation and differentiation of normal human b lymphocytes. | organotin compounds (otc) are organometallic compounds with vast industrial and agriculture applications that give rise to ubiquitous environmental contamination. otc are immunotoxic, but most studies have been performed in rodents and almost exclusively focused on t cell immunity. humans can be exposed to otc by inhalation, absorption, and consumption of contaminated food and water. to analyse the effects of otc in human immune tissue, we isolated b cells from tonsils and exposed them to five o ... | 1999 | 10557013 |
| staphylococcus aureus infection of mouse or human osteoblasts induces high levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-12 production. | staphylococcus aureus is the principal causative agent of the inflammatory bone disease osteomyelitis. unfortunately, the pathogenesis of this often chronic infection is poorly understood and is complicated by the recent observation that bone-forming osteoblasts can harbor s. aureus. such an infection presents a significant challenge for the host immune response, because osteoblasts are not known to initiate protective cell-mediated immune responses. cultured mouse and human osteoblasts infected ... | 1999 | 10558948 |
| toll-like receptor 2 functions as a pattern recognition receptor for diverse bacterial products. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) 2 and 4 are signal transducers for lipopolysaccharide, the major proinflammatory constituent in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. we observed that membrane lipoproteins/lipopeptides from borrelia burgdorferi, treponema pallidum, and mycoplasma fermentans activated cells heterologously expressing tlr2 but not those expressing tlr1 or tlr4. these tlr2-expressing cells were also stimulated by living motile b. burgdorferi, suggesting that tlr2 recognition of li ... | 1999 | 10559223 |
| particles binding beta(2)-integrins mediate intracellular production of oxidative metabolites in human neutrophils independently of phagocytosis. | complement-opsonised particles are readily ingested by human neutrophils through a complement receptor-mediated process leading to phagolysosome fusion and production of oxidative metabolites. to investigate the complement receptor 3 (cr3)-associated signal system involved, cells were challenged with protein a-positive, heat-killed staphylococcus aureus to which antibodies with specificity for the subunits of the beta(2)-integrins, i.e. anti-cd11b (the alpha subunit of cr3) and anti-cd18 (the be ... | 1999 | 10559466 |
| newer thrombolytic agents. | several lines of research towards improvement of thrombolytic agents are being explored, including the construction of mutants of plasminogen activators, chimeric plasminogen activators, conjugates of plasminogen activators with monoclonal antibodies, and plasminogen activators from animal or bacterial origin. some of these new thrombolytic agents have shown promise in animal models of venous or arterial thrombosis; only those which are being investigated in clinical studies are briefly discusse ... | 1999 | 10575530 |
| identification of an anti-mycobacterial domain in nk-lysin and granulysin. | nk-lysin and granulysin are homologous cationic anti-bacterial peptides produced by pig and human cytolytic lymphocytes, respectively. the solution structure of nk-lysin comprises five amphipathic alpha-helices. to investigate the properties of a helix-loop-helix region postulated to be a membrane-docking part of nk-lysin, we synthesized 22- and 29-residue peptides reproducing this region for both nk-lysin and granulysin. cd spectroscopy of the synthetic peptides in a liposomal solution showed s ... | 1999 | 10585872 |
| pathophysiology of surgical site infection in total hip arthroplasty. | this article is a case report of a 69-year-old man who underwent a right total hip replacement procedure and developed a surgical site infection. areas of concern in prevention and treatment of hip arthroplasty infection are presented, focusing on the pathophysiologic process involved. a review of the patient risk factors and the pathophysiologic action potentiating risk for infection include host immunity, nutritional status, diabetes, age, use of steroids or immunosuppressive drugs, rheumatoid ... | 1999 | 10586159 |
| exploration of the in-vitro pharmacodynamic activity of moxifloxacin for staphylococcus aureus and streptococci of lancefield groups a and g. | the serum concentrations associated with the oral administration of 400 mg moxifloxacin every 24 h over 48 h in man were simulated in an in-vitro dilutional, continuous bacterial culture model of infection. the initial inoculum was 5 x 10(7)-5 x 10(8) cfu/ml and all strains were tested on at least three occasions. two strains of staphylococcus aureus (one methicillin susceptible, the other resistant) with moxifloxacin mics 0.14 mg/l and 0.06 mg/l and two strains of beta-haemolytic streptococci, ... | 1999 | 10590276 |
| effects of alpha-toxin of staphylococcus aureus on the ciliary activity and ultrastructure of human nasal ciliated epithelial cells. | the in vitro effects of staphylococcal alpha-toxin on ciliary activity were investigated at different concentrations and exposure times. | 1999 | 10591367 |
| inhibition of human b cell activation by a novel nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, indometacin famesil. | indometacin farnesil (inf) is a prodrug of indomethacin (ind) designed to reduce the occurrence of side-effects by esterification of the carboxyl group on ind with farnesol. previous studies have shown that inf has the characteristics of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (dmard) in that it has a component of slow-acting effect in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (ra), in which abnormal b cell functions are considered to be involved. the current studies therefore examined the effects of inf ... | 1999 | 10598881 |
| aorta-cutaneous fistula as a rare complication of localized chronic mediastinitis. | a 35-year-old man was admitted 5 years after congenital heart surgery complicated by staphylococcus aureus and a cutaneous fistula located at the left fourth intercostal space. he was febrile (40 degrees c), suffering from sternal pain and suppuration from the old fistula. during examination arterial blood suddenly discharged from the fistula, so that surgery was immediately instituted. an infected dacron tube implanting on the ascending aorta for a central aorto-pulmonary shunt was at the origi ... | 1999 | 10599964 |
| uptake and intracellular activity of moxifloxacin in human neutrophils and tissue-cultured epithelial cells. | the penetration by moxifloxacin of human neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [pmn]) and tissue-cultured epithelial cells (mccoy cells) was evaluated by a fluorometric assay. at extracellular concentrations of 5 mg/liter, the cellular-to-extracellular concentration ratios (c/e) of moxifloxacin in pmn and mccoy cells were 10.9 +/- 1.0 and 8.7 +/- 1.0, respectively (20 min; 37 degrees c). the uptake of moxifloxacin by pmn was rapid, reversible, nonsaturable (at extracellular concentrations ra ... | 1999 | 9869557 |
| chimeric plant virus particles administered nasally or orally induce systemic and mucosal immune responses in mice. | the humoral immune responses to the d2 peptide of fibronectin-binding protein b (fnbp) of staphylococcus aureus, expressed on the plant virus cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv), were evaluated after mucosal delivery to mice. intranasal immunization of these chimeric virus particles (cvps), either alone or in the presence of iscom matrix, primed cpmv-specific t cells and generated high titers of cpmv- and fnbp-specific immunoglobulin g (igg) in sera. furthermore, cpmv- and fnbp-specific iga and igg could ... | 1999 | 9882293 |
| t cell activation signals up-regulate p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity and induce tnf-alpha production in a manner distinct from lps activation of monocytes. | p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) (p38) is involved in various cellular responses, including lps stimulation of monocytes, resulting in production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tnf-alpha. however, the function of p38 during antigenic stimulation of t cells is largely unknown. stimulation of the human th cell clone ha-1.70 with either the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin b (seb) or with a specific antigenic peptide resulted in p38 activation and the release of tnf-alpha. m ... | 1999 | 9916683 |
| high and low pressure pulsatile lavage of contaminated tibial fractures: an in vitro study of bacterial adherence and bone damage. | this study was designed to examine the effect of pulsatile irrigation on microscopic bone architecture and its time-dependent efficacy in removing adherent slime-producing bacteria from cortical bone. | 1999 | 10714777 |
| fibronectin-binding protein acts as staphylococcus aureus invasin via fibronectin bridging to integrin alpha5beta1. | the ability of staphylococcus aureus to invade mammalian cells may explain its capacity to colonize mucosa and to persist in tissues after bacteraemia. to date, the underlying molecular mechanisms of cellular invasion by s. aureus are unknown, despite its high prevalence and difficulties in treatment. here, we show cellular invasion as a novel function for an s. aureus adhesin, previously implicated solely in attachment. s. aureus, but not s. epidermidis, invaded epithelial 293 cells in a temper ... | 1999 | 11207545 |
| defense mechanisms of urinary bladder: studies on antimicrobial polypeptides from bladder mucosa. | the acid-soluble extract of the bladder mucosal surface was obtained by washing out the bladder with dilute acetic acid in the presence of protease inhibitors. the wash-out materials from rats, rabbits, pigs, and humans manifested strong bactericidal activity against e. coli in vitro. the ultrafiltrate of the human material, which contained two major peptides with apparent molecular masses of 6.7 kd and 8.5 kd, respectively, showed potent bactericidal activity against e. coli, pseudomonas aerugi ... | 1999 | 12899379 |
| interleukin 18 and interleukin 1beta production is decreased in hiv type 1-seropositive hemophiliacs but not in hiv type 1-seropositive nonhemophiliacs. | in japan, the proportion of hemophiliacs infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) is 40%, whereas more than 90% are infected with hepatitis c virus (hcv). to evaluate the immunological status of hemophiliacs infected with hiv-1, we investigated the pattern of cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) of hiv-1-seropositive and -seronegative hemophiliacs, hiv-1-seropositive non-hemophiliacs, and healthy individuals. the production of il-18 and il-1beta from ... | 2000 | 10716372 |
| defining a novel domain of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 critical for major histocompatibility complex class ii binding, superantigenic activity, and lethality. | staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tsst-1) is implicated in the pathogenesis of superantigen-mediated shock. we previously identified tsst-1 residues g31/s32 to be important for major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii binding, as well as superantigenic and lethal activities. however, the site-directed tsst-1 mutant toxin, g31r, could still induce mitogenesis and low-level tnf alpha secretion, suggesting that additional mhc class ii binding sites other than g31/s32 may exist. in ... | 2000 | 10721486 |
| neonatal fungemia caused by hansenula anomala: a case report. | hansenula anomala, an ascosporogenous yeast of the class ascomycetes, is a free-living organism isolated from the environment. it is also a part of the normal or transient flora of the human throat and alimentary tract. it has been recognized as an opportunistic pathogen and its infection is very rare. a premature infant, a victim of right femoral osteomyelitis and right hip arthritis caused by oxacillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, was found to have developed h. anomala fungemia just before ... | 2000 | 11269374 |
| [evaluation of methicillin-resistance in staphylococcus aureus by the agar disk diffusion method and pcr]. | staphylococcus aureus is a widespread human pathogen. one the most striking characteritics of this bacterium is resistance to methicillin and all beta-lactam antibiotics. the agar disk diffusion method is the most widely used in vitro susceptibility test, but recently molecular methods, e.g. polymerase chain reaction, have been also introduced. we compared the detection of methicillin resistant coagulase positive staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical materials in silesian microbiological ... | 2000 | 11286174 |
| structural requirements of muramylpeptides for induction of toll-like receptor 2-mediated nf-kappab activation in cho cells. | we previously demonstrated that gram-positive bacteria activated immune cells via cd14 and toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2). although peptidoglycan, a major constituent of the bacterial cell wall, substituted for whole organisms, the essential structure of muramylpeptides required to stimulate the cells is not clear. we further investigated the critical determinant for recognition by cd14 and tlr2. chinese hamster ovary (cho) fibroblasts, which do not express a functional tlr2 transcript, were transf ... | 2000 | 11521064 |
| impaired gp-91phox gene expression and dysfunction of peripheral blood neutrophils in patients maintaining hemodialysis. | to investigate expressions of gp-91phox and il-8 gene and the function of neutrophils in hemodialysis (hd) patients, and to understand the relationship between uremia and immune. | 2000 | 11775533 |
| resistance of transgenic mice expressing human group ii phospholipase a2 to escherichia coli infection. | group ii phospholipase a2 (pla2) is a newly recognized antibacterial acute-phase protein. recently we observed that transgenic mice expressing group ii pla2 (pla2(+) mice) were able to resist experimental staphylococcus aureus infection by killing the bacteria, as indicated by improved survival and by the small numbers of live bacteria in their tissues (v. j. o. laine, d. s. grass, and t. j. nevalainen, j. immunol. 162:7402-7408, 1999). to establish the role of group ii pla2 in escherichia coli ... | 2000 | 10603372 |
| adhesion molecule expression in a rat model of staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis. | to determine whether staphylococcus aureus and its components induce expression of e-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule (icam)-1 in rat ocular tissues and on human endothelial cells in culture. | 2000 | 10634614 |
| effect of age on human neutrophil function. | neutrophil phagocytosis, reactive oxygen intermediate production (intra- and extracellular), neutrophil bactericidal activity, and chemotaxis/chemokinesis were assessed in three age groups: 21-36, 38-56, and 62-83 years. a significant age-dependent reduction in the number of phagocytized escherichia coli per neutrophil (measured by acridine orange staining) and staphylococcus aureus phagocytosis (measured by flow cytometry) was seen (r = 0.669 and r = 0.684, p<0.001 for both). these findings cor ... | 2000 | 10647996 |
| pharmacokinetic and thrombolytic properties of cysteine-linked polyethylene glycol derivatives of staphylokinase. | recombinant staphylokinase (sakstar) variants obtained by site-directed substitution with cysteine, in the core (lysine 96 [lys96], lys102, lys109, and/or lys135) or the nh(2)-terminal region that is released during activation of sakstar (serine 2 [ser2] and/or ser3), were derivatized with thiol-specific (ortho-pyridyl-disulfide or maleimide) polyethylene glycol (peg) molecules with molecular weights of 5,000 (p5), 10,000 (p10), or 20,000 (p20). the specific activities and thrombolytic potencies ... | 2000 | 10648406 |
| accessory role of human peritoneal mesothelial cells in antigen presentation and t-cell growth. | to assess the role of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (hpmcs) in the generation of an immune response during peritonitis, we tested their ability to activate t-cells by antigen presentation (ap) and by the secretion of interleukin-15 (il-15). il-15 is a potent leukocyte activator that stimulates the proliferation of cd4+, cd8+, and b and natural killer (nk) cells. | 2000 | 10652024 |
| the dynamics of staphylococcus aureus intramammary infection in nine danish dairy herds. | the aim of the present study was to examine the diversity of staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine intramammary infections (imi) in nine dairy herds, and compare these with isolates from other sites on the cows by phage- and ribotyping. whether colonisation of milkers with s. aureus could be a source of infection for bovine imi was investigated. in addition, 100 epidemiologically unrelated s. aureus isolates from asymptomatic human carriers were also phage- and ribotyped to compare the huma ... | 2000 | 10665537 |
| antimicrobial effects of alpha-msh peptides. | the presence of the ancient anti-inflammatory peptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone [alpha-msh (1-13), sysmehfrwgkpv] in barrier organs such as gut and skin suggests a role in the nonspecific (innate) host defense. alpha-msh and and its carboxy-terminal tripeptide (11-13, kpv) were determined to have antimicrobial influences against two major and representative pathogens: staphylococcus aureus and candida albicans. alpha-msh peptides significantly inhibited s. aureus colony formation and ... | 2000 | 10670585 |
| bacterial superantigens and inflammatory skin diseases. | bacteria seem to play an important role in the induction and maintenance of inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. toxins from bacteria including streptococcus and staphylococcus aureus, have been shown to function as a new type of allergen termed 'superantigen'. superantigens bypass the normal control of t-cell activation and activate all t-cell clones bearing certain types of variable chain on the t-cell receptor: this leads to vigorous t-cell activation and cytoki ... | 2000 | 10671976 |
| synergy in a medicinal plant: antimicrobial action of berberine potentiated by 5'-methoxyhydnocarpin, a multidrug pump inhibitor. | multidrug resistance pumps (mdrs) protect microbial cells from both synthetic and natural antimicrobials. amphipathic cations are preferred substrates of mdrs. berberine alkaloids, which are cationic antimicrobials produced by a variety of plants, are readily extruded by mdrs. several berberis medicinal plants producing berberine were found also to synthesize an inhibitor of the nora mdr pump of a human pathogen staphylococcus aureus. the inhibitor was identified as 5'-methoxyhydnocarpin (5'-mhc ... | 2000 | 10677479 |
| direct quantitative transcript analysis of the agr regulon of staphylococcus aureus during human infection in comparison to the expression profile in vitro. | bacteria possess a repertoire of distinct regulatory systems promoting survival in disparate environments. under in vitro conditions it was demonstrated for the human pathogen staphylococcus aureus that the expression of most virulence factors is coordinated by the global regulator agr. to monitor bacterial gene regulation in the host, we developed a method for direct transcript analysis from clinical specimens. quantification of specific transcripts was performed by competitive reverse transcri ... | 2000 | 10678942 |
| trefoil factor family domain peptides in the human respiratory tract. | trefoil factor family domain peptides (tff) are thought to be involved in mucosal epithelial restitution and wound healing of the gastrointestinal tract and are up-regulated in ulceration and in a variety of solid tumours. it was hypothesized that tffs are also expressed on mucosal surfaces of the human respiratory tract. lung tissue, nasal polyps, and sputum samples from seven patients with cystic fibrosis (cf), two with chronic and acute bronchitis, and non-dysplastic material from two cases o ... | 2000 | 10657010 |
| b-cell function in canine x-linked severe combined immunodeficiency. | canine x-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (xscid) is due to mutations in the common gamma (gammac) subunit of the il-2, il-4, il-7, il-9 and il-15 receptors and has a similar clinical phenotype to human xscid. we have previously shown that the block in t-cell development is more profound in xscid dogs than in genetically engineered gamma c-deficient mice. in this study we evaluated the b-cell function in xscid dogs. in contrast to the marked decrease in peripheral b-cells in gamma c-defic ... | 2000 | 10889304 |
| interferon-alpha and -beta inhibit the in vitro differentiation of immunocompetent human dendritic cells from cd14(+) precursors. | dendritic cell (dc) precursors and immature dc reside in epithelium where they encounter pathogens and cytokines, which stimulate their differentiation. we hypothesized that type-i interferons (ifn-alpha and -beta), cytokines that are produced early in the innate immune response against viruses and some bacteria, may influence dc differentiation and function. to examine this possibility, we used an in vitro model of dc differentiation in which initial culture of human cd14(+) monocytes with gran ... | 2000 | 10891453 |
| identification of a novel gene cluster encoding staphylococcal exotoxin-like proteins: characterization of the prototypic gene and its protein product, set1. | we report the discovery of a novel genetic locus within staphylococcus aureus that encodes a cluster of at least five exotoxin-like proteins. designated the staphylococcal exotoxin-like genes 1 to 5 (set1 to set5), these open reading frames have between 38 and 53% homology to each other. all five proteins contain consensus sequences that are found in staphylococcal and streptococcal exotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (tsst-1). however, the sets have only limited overall sequence homology ... | 2000 | 10899837 |
| genetic and serologic evaluation of capsule production by bovine mammary isolates of staphylococcus aureus and other staphylococcus spp. from europe and the united states. | bovine mastitis caused by staphylococcus aureus is responsible for major economic losses to the dairy industry, and more-effective therapeutic or preventive approaches are sorely needed. the predominance of staphylococcal capsular polysaccharide types 5 and 8 among human isolates from many sources is well documented, but there seems to be a greater variation in the distribution of capsular serotypes among isolates from cows. a total of 636 isolates of s. aureus from cases of bovine mastitis in s ... | 2000 | 10921967 |
| induction of colony-stimulating factor expression following staphylococcus or salmonella interaction with mouse or human osteoblasts. | staphylococcus aureus and salmonella spp. are common causes of bone diseases; however, the immune response during such infections is not well understood. colony-stimulating factors (csf) have a profound influence on osteoclastogenesis, as well as the development of immune responses following infection. therefore, we questioned whether interaction of osteoblasts with two very different bacterial pathogens could affect csf expression by these cells. cultured mouse and human osteoblasts were expose ... | 2000 | 10948128 |
| comparative in vitro activities of abt-773 against aerobic and anaerobic pathogens isolated from skin and soft-tissue animal and human bite wound infections. | we studied the comparative in vitro activities of abt-773, a new ketolide, against 268 aerobic and 148 anaerobic recent isolates from clinical bites using an agar dilution method and inocula of 10(4) cfu/spot for aerobes and 10(5) cfu for anaerobes. the following are the mic ranges and mics at which 90% of isolates are inhibited (mic(90)s) of abt-773 for various isolates, respectively: pasteurella multocida and pasteurella septica, 0.125 to 2 and 1 microg/ml; other pasteurella species, 0.125 to ... | 2000 | 10952607 |
| cd4 t lymphocyte activation in blv-induced persistent b lymphocytosis in cattle. | bovine leukemia virus (blv) is an oncogenic retrovirus in the human t cell leukemia virus family. blv infects b lymphocytes and induces a nonmalignant persistent lymphocytosis (pl) and leukemia/lymphoma in cattle. there is evidence that cd4 t lymphocytes are activated during blv infection and promote the development of pl. how cd4 t lymphocytes are activated by blv infection is not known. we observed that cd4 t lymphocytes from pl cattle proliferated in the presence of autologous, irradiated per ... | 2000 | 10964547 |
| preseptal abscess formation following ocular cryotherapy for behçet's uveitis. | a 42-year-old man with behçet's disease developed a rapidly growing mass under his right lower eyelid a week after transconjunctival cryotherapy. he underwent surgical drainage of the mass following imaging studies. magnetic resonance imaging scans demonstrated the abscess, which did not violate the orbital septum. cultures from drained material yielded staphylococcus aureus. he recovered completely with systemic antibiotics. preseptal abscess may occur as a complication of intense transconjunct ... | 2000 | 10976565 |
| new antimicrobial mono- and sesquiterpenes from soroseris hookeriana subsp. erysimoides. | a new monoterpene and a new guaianolide were isolated from the aerial parts of the tibetan medicinal plant soroseris hookeriana subsp. erysimoides (asteraceae), in addition to (1r,4r,5r)-5-hydroxybornan-2-one 5-o-beta-d-glucopyranoside, beta-sitosterol, daucosterol, diosmetin, isoluteolin, p-methoxybenzoic acid, isovanillic acid, two phenylmethanol derivatives (vanilioloside and phenylmethanol glucopyranoside), and five guaianolides [3 beta,8 beta-dihyroxyguaia-4(15),10(14),11(13)-triene-12,6 al ... | 2000 | 10985081 |
| in vitro antimicrobial properties of recombinant asabf, an antimicrobial peptide isolated from the nematode ascaris suum. | asabf is a csalphabeta-type antimicrobial peptide that contains four intramolecular disulfide bridges (y. kato and s. komatsu, j. biol. chem. 271:30493-30498, 1996). in the present study, a recombinant asabf was produced by using a yeast expression system, and its antimicrobial activity was characterized in detail. the recombinant asabf was active against all gram-positive bacteria tested (7 of 7; minimum bactericidal concentration [mbc], 0.03 to 1 microg/ml) except leuconostoc mesenteroides, so ... | 2000 | 10991847 |
| surgical irrigation with pooled human immunoglobulin g to reduce post-operative spinal implant infection. | a multiple-site, nonlethal rabbit surgical model of spinal implant infection was used to assess the efficacy of a spinal wound lavage to reduce post-operative infection from methicillinresistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). multiple aqueous lavages of isotonic saline were compared to the same procedure using 1wt% pooled human immunoglobulin g (igg) applied directly to the surgical implant sites. visually observed clinically relevant signs of infection (e.g. , swelling, erythema, pus) were suppo ... | 2000 | 10992435 |
| neutrophil response of transgenic mice expressing human group iia phospholipase a2 in bacterial infections. | group iia phospholipase a2 (pla2) is a newly recognized acute phase protein with marked antibacterial properties. we have shown previously that transgenic c57bl/6 j mice expressing human group iia pla2 (pla2+ mice) are more resistant to bacterial infections than nontransgenic c57bl/6 j mice that, among mice, are unusual in that they lack the mouse analogue of group iia pla2 (pla2- mice). to elucidate the possible mechanisms involved in the host response of these mice in bacterial infection, peri ... | 2000 | 11013007 |
| sphingolipids and cholesterol modulate membrane susceptibility to cytosolic phospholipase a(2). | modulation of cytosolic phospholipase a(2) (cpla(2)) activity by sphingomyelin (sph), ceramide (cer), and cholesterol (chol) was investigated in cho-2b cells activated by the calcium ionophore a23187 and epinephrine. chol depletion of cho-2b cells by treatment with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (5 mm) resulted in the inhibition of the release of arachidonic acid whereas the restoration of the level by chol-loaded cyclodextrin relieved inhibition. conversion of cho-2b cellular sph to cer by staphyloco ... | 2000 | 11013311 |
| musculoskeletal manifestations of bacterial endocarditis. | context: the incidence of staphylococcal infection has been increasing during the last 20 years. objective: report a case of staphylococcal endocarditis preceded by musculoskeletal manifestations, which is a rare form of clinical presentation. design: case report. case report: a 45-year-old-man, without addictions and without known previous cardiopathy, was diagnosed as having definitive acute bacterial endocarditis due to staphylococcus aureus. its etiology was community-acquired, arising from ... | 2000 | 11018851 |
| tropical pyomyositis and human toxocariasis: a clinical and experimental study. | 2000 | 11020398 | |
| human antibody response during sepsis against targets expressed by methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus. | the identification of target structures is a prerequisite for the development of new treatment options, like antibody based therapy, against methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). in this study we identified immunodominant structures which were expressed in vivo during sepsis caused by mrsa. using human sera we compared the immune response of humans with mrsa sepsis with the immune response of normal individuals and asymptomatically colonized individuals. we identified and character ... | 2000 | 11024354 |
| staphylococcal enterotoxins. | staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that produces a wide array of toxins, thus causing various types of disease symptoms. staphylococcal enterotoxins (ses), a family of nine major serological types of heat stable enterotoxins, are a leading cause of gastroenteritis resulting from consumption of contaminated food. in addition, ses are powerful superantigens that stimulate non-specific t-cell proliferation. ses share close phylogenetic relationships, with similar structures and activit ... | 2000 | 11028954 |
| staphylococcal fibronectin binding protein interacts with heat shock protein 60 and integrins: role in internalization by epithelial cells. | we reported previously that internalization of staphylococcus aureus by nonprofessional phagocytes involves an interaction between fibronectin (fn) binding protein (fnbp) and the host cell, resulting in signal transduction, tyrosine kinase activity, and cytoskeletal rearrangement (k. dziewanowska, j. m. patti, c. f. deobald, k. w. bayles, w. r. trumble, and g. a. bohach, infect. immun. 67:4673-4678, 1999). the goal of the present study was to identify the host molecules responsible for uptake of ... | 2000 | 11035741 |
| rapid dna fingerprinting of pathogens by flow cytometry. | a new method for rapid discrimination among bacterial strains based on dna fragment sizing by flow cytometry is presented. this revolutionary approach combines the reproducibility and reliability of restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis with the speed and sensitivity of flow cytometry. | 2000 | 11042617 |
| [influenza a pneumonia]. | the majority of influenza cases are not associated with complications. secondary bacterial pneumonia, commonly caused by streptococcus pneumoniae or staphylococcus aureus, is well known to most clinicians. primary influenza viral pneumonia, characterized by rapidly progressive hypoxia and respiratory insufficiency together with non-consolidating pulmonary infiltrates, has a high mortality rate. in 3 patients, a man aged 74 years, and two neonates aged 11 months and 4 weeks respectively, primary ... | 2000 | 11048555 |
| superantigen immune stimulation activates epithelial stat-1 and pi 3-k: pi 3-k regulation of permeability. | signal transducers and activators of transcription (stats) are critical intracellular signaling molecules for many cytokines. we compared the ability of t84 epithelial cells to activate stats in response to cytokines [interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), interleukin (il)-4, il-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (10 ng/ml)] and conditioned medium from superantigen [staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin b (seb)]-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) using electrophoretic mobility shift assays ... | 2000 | 11053007 |
| low sensitivity of listeria monocytogenes to quaternary ammonium compounds. | ninety-seven epidemiologically unrelated strains of listeria monocytogenes were investigated for their sensitivities to quaternary ammonium compounds (benzalkonium chloride and cetrimide). the mics for seven serogroup 1/2 strains were high. three came from the environment and four came from food; none were isolated from human or animal samples. all 97 strains carried the mdrl gene, which encodes a multidrug efflux pump, and the orfa gene, a putative transcriptional repressor of mdrl. the absence ... | 2000 | 11055967 |
| split stories converge at desmoglein 1. | 2000 | 11062527 | |
| bacterial pathogens induce abscess formation by cd4(+) t-cell activation via the cd28-b7-2 costimulatory pathway. | abscesses are a classic host response to infection by many pathogenic bacteria. the immunopathogenesis of this tissue response to infection has not been fully elucidated. previous studies have suggested that t cells are involved in the pathologic process, but the role of these cells remains unclear. to delineate the mechanism by which t cells mediate abscess formation associated with intra-abdominal sepsis, the role of t-cell activation and the contribution of antigen-presenting cells via cd28-b ... | 2000 | 11083777 |
| toll-like receptor 2-mediated nf-kappa b activation requires a rac1-dependent pathway. | mammalian toll-like receptors (tlrs) are expressed on innate immune cells and respond to the membrane components of gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria. when activated, they convey signals to transcription factors that orchestrate the inflammatory response. however, the intracellular signaling events following tlr activation are largely unknown. here we show that tlr2 stimulation by staphylococcus aureus induces a fast and transient activation of the rho gtpases rac1 and cdc42 in the human m ... | 2000 | 11101877 |
| evaluation of the antibacterial and hemolytic activities of latvian herbal preparation. | three extracts originating from a combination of various latvian plant species were tested for their antibacterial activities by evaluating growth delays using a fully automated microturbidimetric method. ten different human and bovine strains of the genera staphylococcus and micrococcus were used as test microorganisms. the inhibitory effect in vitro was defined as the difference between the growth rate without herbs and the growth rate in the presence of an extract. among the tested strains, s ... | 2000 | 11111939 |
| large artery vasculopathy in hiv-positive patients: another vasculitic enigma. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection has impacted on all the systems of the body, and the cardiovascular system is no exception, with small to medium-sized vessel vasculitis being most frequently described. we present 16 hiv-positive patients with large vessel disease consisting of either aneurysms (often multiple) or occlusive disease. nine men and 7 women ranging in age from 18 to 38 years presented with rupture of aneurysm, transient ischemic attacks, hypertension, ischemia to the low ... | 2000 | 10746682 |
| levofloxacin penetrates human monocytes and enhances intracellular killing of staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | intracellular bacteria often cause relapsing and refractory infections. however, these infections can be treated effectively with antibiotics such as ofloxacin which penetrate into the cells containing bacteria. as levofloxacin, the levorotatory isomer of ofloxacin, has enhanced antibacterial activity, we tested the levofloxacin concentration in human monocytes and the effects of intracellular levofloxacin on monocyte killing of staphylococcus aureus strain atcc 29213 and pseudomonas aeruginosa ... | 2000 | 10747825 |
| cd134l engagement enhances human b cell ig production: cd154/cd40, cd70/cd27, and cd134/cd134l interactions coordinately regulate t cell-dependent b cell responses. | cd134 is a member of the tnfr family expressed on activated t cells, whose ligand, cd134l, is found preferentially on activated b cells. we have previously reported that the cd70/cd27 interaction may be more important in the induction of plasma cell differentiation after the expansion phase induced by the cd154/cd40 interaction has occurred. when cd134-transfected cells were added to pbmcs stimulated with pokeweed mitogen, igg production was enhanced in a dose-dependent fashion. addition of cd13 ... | 2000 | 10754303 |