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evaluation of 15 local plant species as larvicidal agents against an indian strain of dengue fever mosquito, aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae).the adverse effects of chemical insecticides-based intervention measures for the control of mosquito vectors have received wide public apprehension because of several problems like insecticide resistance, resurgence of pest species, environmental pollution, toxic hazards to humans, and non-target organisms. these problems have necessitated the need to explore and develop alternative strategies using eco-friendly, environmentally safe, bio-degradable plant products which are non-toxic to non-targ ...201222536188
mosquito bite delivery of dengue virus enhances immunogenicity and pathogenesis in humanized mice.dengue viruses (denv) are transmitted to humans by the bite of aedes aegypti or aedes albopictus mosquitoes, with millions of infections annually in over 100 countries. the diseases they produce, which occur exclusively in humans, are dengue fever (df) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf). we previously developed a humanized mouse model of df in which mice transplanted with human hematopoietic stem cells produced signs of denv disease after injection with low-passage, wild-type isolates. using the ...201222573866
occurrence of natural vertical transmission of dengue-2 and dengue-3 viruses in aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in fortaleza, ceará, brazil.aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus perform an important role in the transmission of the dengue virus to human populations, particularly in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. despite a lack of understanding in relation to the maintenance of the dengue virus in nature during interepidemic periods, the vertical transmission of the dengue virus in populations of a. aegypti and a. albopictus appears to be of significance in relation to the urban scenario of fortaleza.201222848479
fine scale spatiotemporal clustering of dengue virus transmission in children and aedes aegypti in rural thai villages.based on spatiotemporal clustering of human dengue virus (denv) infections, transmission is thought to occur at fine spatiotemporal scales by horizontal transfer of virus between humans and mosquito vectors. to define the dimensions of local transmission and quantify the factors that support it, we examined relationships between infected humans and aedes aegypti in thai villages.201222816001
detection of dengue virus ns1 antigen in infected aedes aegypti using a commercially available kit.epidemic dengue has emerged throughout the tropical world. in the continued absence of a vaccine against dengue virus (denv), mosquito vector surveillance and control programs are essential to reduce human infections. an effective test to detect denv in infected mosquitoes would be a valuable addition to the surveillance effort. we investigated denv detection in infected aedes aegypti using a commercially available denv non-structural protein 1 (ns1) elisa kit (platelia dengue ns1 ag), and by re ...201223185074
complex phenotypes in mosquitoes and mice associated with neutralization escape of a dengue virus type 1 monoclonal antibody.denv1-e106 is a monoclonal antibody (mab) with strong neutralizing activity against all five denv-1 genotypes and therapeutic activity in mice. here, we evaluated the potential for denv-1 to escape neutralization by denv1-e106. a single mutation in domain iii of the envelope protein (t329a) emerged, which conferred resistance to denv1-e106. however, the t329a variant virus had differing phenotypes in vitro and in vivo with attenuation in cell culture yet increased infectivity in aedes aegypti mo ...201222406169
the relative importance of innate immune priming in wolbachia-mediated dengue interference.the non-virulent wolbachia strain wmel and the life-shortening strain wmelpop-cla, both originally from drosophila melanogaster, have been stably introduced into the mosquito vector of dengue fever, aedes aegypti. each of these wolbachia strains interferes with viral pathogenicity and/or dissemination in both their natural drosophila host and in their new mosquito host, and it has been suggested that this virus interference may be due to host immune priming by wolbachia. in order to identify asp ...201222383881
aedes albopictus and the reemergence of dengue.dengue is a vector-borne disease that is estimated to affect millions of individuals each year in tropical and subtropical areas, and it is reemerging in areas that have been disease-free for relatively long periods of time. in this issue of the journal, peng et al. report on a dengue outbreak in a city in southern china that had been disease-free for more than two decades. the infection, which was due to serotype 1, was introduced by a traveler from south-east asia and transmitted by aedes albo ...201222272602
targeting gene expression to the female larval fat body of transgenic aedes aegypti mosquitoes.as the fat body is a critical tissue for mosquito development, metamorphosis, immune and reproductive system function, the characterization of regulatory modules targeting gene expression to the female mosquito fat body at distinct life stages is much needed for multiple, varied strategies for controlling vector-borne diseases such as dengue and malaria. the hexameric storage protein, hexamerin-1.2, of the mosquito aedes atropalpus is female-specific and uniquely expressed in the fat body of fou ...201223241066
replacement of conserved or variable sequences of the mosquito-borne dengue virus 3' utr with homologous sequences from modoc virus does not change infectivity for mosquitoes.the genus flavivirus includes both vector-borne and no known vector (nkv) species, but the molecular determinants of transmission mode are not known. conserved sequence differences between the two groups occur in 5' and 3' utrs. to investigate the impact of these differences on transmission, chimeric genomes were generated, in which utrs, utrs+capsid, or the upper 3' utr stem-loop of mosquito-borne dengue virus (denv) were replaced with homologous regions from nkv modoc virus (modv); the conserv ...201223255623
dengue fever occurrence and vector detection by larval survey, ovitrap and mosquitrap: a space-time clusters analysis.the use of vector surveillance tools for preventing dengue disease requires fine assessment of risk, in order to improve vector control activities. nevertheless, the thresholds between vector detection and dengue fever occurrence are currently not well established. in belo horizonte (minas gerais, brazil), dengue has been endemic for several years. from january 2007 to june 2008, the dengue vector aedes (stegomyia) aegypti was monitored by ovitrap, the sticky-trap mosquitrap™ and larval surveys ...201222848729
comparative expression profiles of midgut genes in dengue virus refractory and susceptible aedes aegypti across critical period for virus infection.aedes aegypti is the primary mosquito vector for dengue virus (denv) worldwide. infectivity of dengue virus varies among natural populations of this mosquito. how a. aegypti responds to denv infection relative to which genes and associated pathways contribute to its differential susceptibility as a vector is not well defined.201223077596
larval ecology of mosquitoes in sylvatic arbovirus foci in southeastern senegal.although adult mosquito vectors of sylvatic arbovirus [yellow fever (yfv), dengue-2 (denv-2) and chikungunya (chikv)] have been studied for the past 40 years in southeastern senegal, data are still lacking on the ecology of larval mosquitoes in this area. in this study, we investigated the larval habitats of mosquitoes and characterized their seasonal and spatial dynamics in arbovirus foci.201223216815
natural transovarial dengue virus infection rate in both sexes of dark and pale forms of aedes aegypti from an urban area of bangkok, thailand.transovarial dengue virus infection status of two forms of adult aedes aegypti (dark or ae. aegypti type form and pale or form queenslandensis), reared from field-collected larval and pupal stages, was determined by one-step rt-pcr and dengue viral serotype by nested-pcr. natural transovarial transmission (tot) of dengue virus was detected in the two ae. aegypti forms, and in both adult males and females. male ae. aegypti had a higher rate of tot dengue virus infection than female. the overall m ...201223431820
effects of ribavirin and hydroxyurea on oral infection of aedes aegypti (l.) with dengue virus.this study was conducted to determine the inhibitory effects of ribavirin and hydroxyurea on dengue virus replication in aedes aegypti mosquitoes. female ae. aegypti mosquitoes were infected with dengue-2 virus and fed ribavirin at a dose of 0.3 mg/ml and/or hydroxyurea at a dose of 6 mg/ml via artificial membrane feeding technique. the virus in infected mosquitoes was isolated using c6/36 cell culture. peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap) staining was used to detect dengue-infected c6/36 cells and t ...201223413698
protein expression in the salivary glands of dengue-infected aedes aegypti mosquitoes and blood-feeding success.mosquito salivary glands (sg) play an essential role in food digestion and pathogen transmission. the function of the salivary components during infection is poorly understood. in this study, female aedes aegypti mosquitoes were infected with dengue virus serotype 2 (denv-2) via an artificial membrane feeding apparatus. the mosquito sgs were examined for denv-2 infection for 14 days post-infection (dpi). the amount of dengue virus increased throughout the 14 dpi. three different meals were provi ...201223413697
the native wolbachia symbionts limit transmission of dengue virus in aedes albopictus.the chikungunya (chik) outbreak that struck la reunion island in 2005 was preceded by few human cases of dengue (den), but which surprisingly did not lead to an epidemic as might have been expected in a non-immune population. both arboviral diseases are transmitted to humans by two main mosquito species, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. in the absence of the former, ae. albopictus was the only species responsible for viral transmission on la reunion island. this mosquito is naturally super-in ...201223301109
house-to-house human movement drives dengue virus transmission.dengue is a mosquito-borne disease of growing global health importance. prevention efforts focus on mosquito control, with limited success. new insights into the spatiotemporal drivers of dengue dynamics are needed to design improved disease-prevention strategies. given the restricted range of movement of the primary mosquito vector, aedes aegypti, local human movements may be an important driver of dengue virus (denv) amplification and spread. using contact-site cluster investigations in a case ...201223277539
storm sewers as larval habitats for aedes aegypti and culex spp. in a neighborhood of merida, mexico.we report the collection of aedes aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus, cx. interrogator, cx. thriambus, cx. coronator, and cx. salinarius larvae from storm sewers within an endemic area for dengue transmission in merida, mexico, during the rainy season of 2011. this is the first record of the dengue vector ae. aegypti breeding in storm sewers in the southeast of mexico.201223833907
[susceptibility of natural populations of dengue vector to insecticides in colombia].physiological resistance of natural population of aedes aegypti to insecticides contribute to the decreased efficacy of chemical control as a main control strategy during dengue outbreaks.201223715182
bioactivity of seagrass against the dengue fever mosquito aedes aegypti larvae.to identify the larvicidal activity of the seagrass extracts.201223569973
residual effects of tmof-bti formulations against 1(st) instar aedes aegypti linnaeus larvae outside laboratory.to evaluate the effectiveness and residual effects of trypsin modulating oostatic factor-bacillus thuringiensis israeliensis (tmof-bti) formulations against aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti) (l.) larvae at ukm campus kuala lumpur.201223569922
unusual developing sites of dengue vectors and potential epidemiological implications.to identify the unusual breeding sites of two dengue vectors, i.e. aedes albopictus (ae. albopictus) and aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti).201223569903
household survey of container-breeding mosquitoes and climatic factors influencing the prevalence of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in makkah city, saudi arabia.to investigate the prevalence of container breeding mosquitoes with emphasis on the seasonality and larval habitats of aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti) in makkah city, adjoining an environmental monitoring and dengue incidence.201223569860
Association of human immune response to Aedes aegypti salivary proteins with dengue disease severity.Dengue viruses (DENV; family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus) are transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and can cause dengue fever (DF), a relatively benign disease, or more severe dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). Arthropod saliva contains proteins delivered into the bite wound that can modulate the host haemostatic and immune responses to facilitate the intake of a blood meal. The potential effects on DENV infection of previous exposure to Ae. aegypti salivary proteins have not been investigat ...201221995849
Mosquito genomics: progress and challenges.The whole-genome sequencing of mosquitoes has facilitated our understanding of fundamental biological processes at their basic molecular levels and holds potential for application to mosquito control and prevention of mosquito-borne disease transmission. Draft genome sequences are available for Anopheles gambiae, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus. Collectively, these represent the major vectors of African malaria, dengue fever and yellow fever viruses, and lymphatic filariasis, respectiv ...201221942845
reciprocal tripartite interactions between the aedes aegypti midgut microbiota, innate immune system and dengue virus influences vector competence.dengue virus is one of the most important arboviral pathogens and the causative agent of dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome. it is transmitted between humans by the mosquitoes aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, and at least 2.5 billion people are at daily risk of infection. during their lifecycle, mosquitoes are exposed to a variety of microbes, some of which are needed for their successful development into adulthood. however, recent studies have suggested that th ...201222413032
serratia odorifera a midgut inhabitant of aedes aegypti mosquito enhances its susceptibility to dengue-2 virus.mosquito midgut plays a crucial role in its vector susceptibility and pathogen interaction. identification of the sustainable microflora of the midgut environment can therefore help in evaluating its contribution in mosquito-pathogen interaction and in turn vector competence. to understand the bacterial diversity in the midgut of aedes aegypti mosquitoes, we conducted a screening study of the gut microbes of these mosquitoes which were either collected from fields or reared in the laboratory "cu ...201222848375
impact of wolbachia on infection with chikungunya and yellow fever viruses in the mosquito vector aedes aegypti.incidence of disease due to dengue (denv), chikungunya (chikv) and yellow fever (yfv) viruses is increasing in many parts of the world. the viruses are primarily transmitted by aedes aegypti, a highly domesticated mosquito species that is notoriously difficult to control. when transinfected into ae. aegypti, the intracellular bacterium wolbachia has recently been shown to inhibit replication of denvs, chikv, malaria parasites and filarial nematodes, providing a potentially powerful biocontrol st ...201223133693
global climate change and its potential impact on disease transmission by salinity-tolerant mosquito vectors in coastal zones.global climate change can potentially increase the transmission of mosquito vector-borne diseases such as malaria, lymphatic filariasis, and dengue in many parts of the world. these predictions are based on the effects of changing temperature, rainfall, and humidity on mosquito breeding and survival, the more rapid development of ingested pathogens in mosquitoes and the more frequent blood feeds at moderately higher ambient temperatures. an expansion of saline and brackish water bodies (water wi ...201222723781
complex modulation of the aedes aegypti transcriptome in response to dengue virus infection.dengue fever is the most important arboviral disease world-wide, with aedes aegypti being the major vector. interactions between the mosquito host and dengue viruses (denv) are complex and vector competence varies among geographically-distinct ae. aegypti populations. additionally, dengue is caused by four antigenically-distinct viral serotypes (denv1-4), each with multiple genotypes. each virus genotype interacts differently with vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. analyses of alterations in mos ...201223209765
a novel coding-region rna element modulates infectious dengue virus particle production in both mammalian and mosquito cells and regulates viral replication in aedes aegypti mosquitoes.dengue virus (denv) is an enveloped flavivirus with a positive-sense rna genome transmitted by aedes mosquitoes, causing the most important arthropod-borne viral disease affecting humans. relatively few cis-acting rna regulatory elements have been described in the denv coding-region. here, by introducing silent mutations into a denv-2 infectious clone, we identify the conserved capsid-coding region 1 (ccr1), an rna sequence element that regulates viral replication in mammalian cells and to a gre ...201222840606
dengue virus infection of the aedes aegypti salivary gland and chemosensory apparatus induces genes that modulate infection and blood-feeding behavior.the female aedes aegypti salivary gland plays a pivotal role in bloodmeal acquisition and reproduction, and thereby dengue virus (denv) transmission. it produces numerous immune factors, as well as immune-modulatory, vasodilatory, and anti-coagulant molecules that facilitate blood-feeding. to assess the impact of denv infection on salivary gland physiology and function, we performed a comparative genome-wide microarray analysis of the naïve and denv infection-responsive a. aegypti salivary gland ...201222479185
the dengue virus mosquito vector aedes aegypti at high elevation in mexico.méxico has cities (e.g., méxico city and puebla city) located at elevations > 2,000 m and above the elevation ceiling below which local climates allow the dengue virus mosquito vector aedes aegypti to proliferate. climate warming could raise this ceiling and place high-elevation cities at risk for dengue virus transmission. to assess the elevation ceiling for ae. aegypti and determine the potential for using weather/climate parameters to predict mosquito abundance, we surveyed 12 communities alo ...201222987656
strain variation in the transcriptome of the dengue fever vector, aedes aegypti.studies of transcriptome dynamics provide a basis for understanding functional elements of the genome and the complexity of gene regulation. the dengue vector mosquito, aedes aegypti, exhibits great adaptability to diverse ecological conditions, is phenotypically polymorphic, and shows variation in vectorial capacity to arboviruses. previous genome sequencing showed richness in repetitive dna and transposable elements that can contribute to genome plasticity. population genetic studies revealed ...201222384387
insecticide resistance in the dengue vector aedes aegypti from martinique: distribution, mechanisms and relations with environmental factors.dengue is an important mosquito borne viral disease in martinique island (french west indies). the viruses responsible for dengue are transmitted by aedes aegypti, an indoor day-biting mosquito. the most effective proven method for disease prevention has been by vector control by various chemical or biological means. unfortunately insecticide resistance has already been observed on the island and recently showed to significantly reduce the efficacy of vector control interventions. in this study, ...201222363529
changing domesticity of aedes aegypti in northern peninsular malaysia: reproductive consequences and potential epidemiological implications.the domestic dengue vector aedes aegypti mosquitoes breed in indoor containers. however, in northern peninsular malaysia, they show equal preference for breeding in both indoor and outdoor habitats. to evaluate the epidemiological implications of this peridomestic adaptation, we examined whether ae. aegypti exhibits decreased survival, gonotrophic activity, and fecundity due to lack of host availability and the changing breeding behavior.201222363516
climate-based models for understanding and forecasting dengue epidemics.dengue dynamics are driven by complex interactions between human-hosts, mosquito-vectors and viruses that are influenced by environmental and climatic factors. the objectives of this study were to analyze and model the relationships between climate, aedes aegypti vectors and dengue outbreaks in noumea (new caledonia), and to provide an early warning system.201222348154
genetic mapping a meiotic driver that causes sex ratio distortion in the mosquito aedes aegypti.an endogenous meiotic driver in the dengue and yellow fever vector mosquito aedes aegypti can cause highly male-biased sex ratio distortion in crosses from suitable genetic backgrounds. we previously selected a strain that carries a strong meiotic drive gene (d) linked with the male-determining allele (m) on chromosome 1 in a. aegypti. here, we performed segregation analysis of the m(d) locus among backcross (bc(1)) progeny from a driver male and drive-sensitive females. assessment of sex ratios ...201222308303
new genetic variation of aedes albopictus densovirus isolated from mosquito c6/36 cell line.densovirus (dnv) is a small single-stranded dna, non-enveloped virus belonging to the subfamily densovirinae of the parvoviridae family. this group of invertebrate viruses infects exclusively insects. two of the major densoviruses, aedes aegypti (aaednv) and ae. albopictus (aaldnv), infect mosquitoes that carry viruses responsible for two important public health diseases, namely, dengue hemorrhagic fever and yellow fever. the present study describes cloning, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis ...201223431818
dengue vector management using insecticide treated materials and targeted interventions on productive breeding-sites in guatemala.in view of the epidemiological expansion of dengue worldwide and the availability of new tools and strategies particularly for controlling the primary dengue vector aedes aegypti, an intervention study was set up to test the efficacy, cost and feasibility of a combined approach of insecticide treated materials (itms) alone and in combination with appropriate targeted interventions of the most productive vector breeding-sites.201223110515
insecticide susceptibility of aedes aegypti populations from senegal and cape verde archipelago.two concomitant dengue 3 (den-3) epidemics occurred in cape verde archipelago and senegal between september and october 2009. aedes aegypti was identified as the vector of these epidemics as several den-3 virus strains were isolated from this species in both countries. the susceptibility to pyrethroids, organochlorine, organophosphates and carbamate was investigated in two field strains of aedes aegypti from both countries using who diagnostic bioassay kits in order to monitor their the current ...201223088621
aging field collected aedes aegypti to determine their capacity for dengue transmission in the southwestern united states.aedes aegypti, the primary vector of dengue virus, is well established throughout urban areas of the southwestern us, including tucson, az. local transmission of the dengue virus, however, has not been reported in this area. although many factors influence the distribution of the dengue virus, we hypothesize that one contributing factor is that the lifespan of female ae. aegypti mosquitoes in the southwestern us is too short for the virus to complete development and be transmitted to a new host. ...201223077536
analyzing the spatio-temporal relationship between dengue vector larval density and land-use using factor analysis and spatial ring mapping.dengue, a mosquito-borne febrile viral disease, is found in tropical and sub-tropical regions and is now extending its range to temperate regions. the spread of the dengue viruses mainly depends on vector population (aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus), which is influenced by changing climatic conditions and various land-use/land-cover types. spatial display of the relationship between dengue vector density and land-cover types is required to describe a near-future viral outbreak scenario. this ...201223043443
seasonal population dynamics and the genetic structure of the mosquito vector aedes aegypti in são paulo, brazil.population genetic studies of insect vectors can generate knowledge to improve epidemiological studies focused on the decrease of pathogen transmission. in this study, we used nine snps across the aedes aegypti genome to characterize seasonal population variations of this important dengue vector. mosquito samples were obtained by ovitraps placed over botucatu sp from 2005 to 2010. our data show that, regardless of the large variation in mosquito abundance (deduced from the number of eggs obtaine ...201223170214
identifying the effective concentration for spatial repellency of the dengue vector aedes aegypti.current efforts are underway to quantify the chemical concentration in a treated air space that elicits a spatial repellent (deterrent) response in a vector population. such information will facilitate identifying the optimum active ingredient (ai) dosage and intervention coverage important for the development of spatial repellent tools--one of several novel strategies being evaluated for vector-borne disease control. this study reports initial findings from air sampling experiments conducted un ...201223273133
assessing the feasibility of controlling aedes aegypti with transgenic methods: a model-based evaluation.suppression of dengue and malaria through releases of genetically engineered mosquitoes might soon become feasible. aedes aegypti mosquitoes carrying a conditionally lethal transgene have recently been used to suppress local vector populations in small-scale field releases. prior to releases of transgenic insects on a wider scale, however, most regulatory authorities will require additional evidence that suppression will be effective in natural heterogeneous habitats. we use a spatially explicit ...201223284949
pinpointing p450s associated with pyrethroid metabolism in the dengue vector, aedes aegypti: developing new tools to combat insecticide resistance.pyrethroids are increasingly used to block the transmission of diseases spread by aedes aegypti such as dengue and yellow fever. however, insecticide resistance poses a serious threat, thus there is an urgent need to identify the genes and proteins associated with pyrethroid resistance in order to produce effective counter measures. in ae. aegypti, overexpression of p450s such as the cyp9j32 gene have been linked with pyrethroid resistance. our aim was to confirm the role of cyp9j32 and other p4 ...201222479665
biogeography of the two major arbovirus mosquito vectors, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera, culicidae), in madagascar.in the past ten years, the indian ocean region has been the theatre of severe epidemics of chikungunya and dengue. these outbreaks coincided with a high increase in populations of aedes albopictus that outcompete its sister taxon aedes aegypti in most islands sampled. the objective of this work was to update the entomological survey of the two aedes species in the island of madagascar which has to face these arboviroses.201222433186
comparing statistical models to predict dengue fever notifications.dengue fever (df) is a serious public health problem in many parts of the world, and, in the absence of a vaccine, disease surveillance and mosquito vector eradication are important in controlling the spread of the disease. df is primarily transmitted by the female aedes aegypti mosquito. we compared two statistical models that can be used in the surveillance and forecast of notifiable infectious diseases, namely, the autoregressive integrated moving average (arima) model and the knorr-held two- ...201222481978
high-resolution crystal structure of fkbp12 from aedes aegypti.dengue is one of the most infectious viral diseases prevalent mainly in tropical countries. the virus is transmitted by aedes species of mosquito, primarily aedes aegypti. dengue remains a challenging drug target for years as the virus eludes the immune responses. currently, no vaccines or antiviral drugs are available for dengue prevention. previous studies suggested that the immunosuppressive drug fk506 shows antimalarial activity, and its molecular target, fk506-binding protein (fkbp), was id ...201222517662
increasing role of roof gutters as aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) breeding sites in guadeloupe (french west indies) and consequences on dengue transmission and vector control.during the past ten years, the islands of guadeloupe (french west indies) are facing dengue epidemics with increasing numbers of cases and fatal occurrences. the vector aedes aegypti is submitted to intensive control, with little effect on mosquito populations. the hypothesis that important ae. aegypti breeding sites are not controlled is investigated herein. for that purpose, the roof gutters of 123 houses were systematically investigated, and the percentage of gutters positive for ae. aegypti ...201222548085
linking oviposition site choice to offspring fitness in aedes aegypti: consequences for targeted larval control of dengue vectors.current aedes aegypti larval control methods are often insufficient for preventing dengue epidemics. to improve control efficiency and cost-effectiveness, some advocate eliminating or treating only highly productive containers. the population-level outcome of this strategy, however, will depend on details of ae. aegypti oviposition behavior.201222563512
associative learning in the dengue vector mosquito, aedes aegypti: avoidance of a previously attractive odor or surface color that is paired with an aversive stimulus.associative learning has been shown in a variety of insects, including the mosquitoes culex quinquefasciatus and anopheles gambiae. this study demonstrates associative learning for the first time in aedes aegypti, an important vector of dengue, yellow fever and chikungunya viruses. this species prefers to rest on dark surfaces and is attracted to the odor of 1-octen-3-ol. after training in which a dark surface alone or a dark surface with odor was paired with electric shock, mosquitoes avoided t ...201222996441
the dengue vector aedes aegypti contains a functional high mobility group box 1 (hmgb1) protein with a unique regulatory c-terminus.the mosquito aedes aegypti can spread the dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever viruses. thus, the search for key molecules involved in the mosquito survival represents today a promising vector control strategy. high mobility group box (hmgb) proteins are essential nuclear factors that maintain the high-order structure of chromatin, keeping eukaryotic cells viable. outside the nucleus, secreted hmgb proteins could alert the innate immune system to foreign antigens and trigger the initiation of ho ...201222802955
translational selection of genes coding for perfectly conserved proteins among three mosquito vectors.the biased usage of synonymous codons affects translational efficiency of genes. we studied codon usage patterns of genes that are perfectly conserved at the amino acid level among three important mosquito vector species: aedes aegypti (vector of dengue virus), anopheles gambiae (vector of malaria) and culex quinquefasciatus (vector of lymphatic filariasis and west nile virus). although these proteins have the same amino acid sequences, non-random usage of synonymous codons is evident among the ...201222705463
gene amplification, abc transporters and cytochrome p450s: unraveling the molecular basis of pyrethroid resistance in the dengue vector, aedes aegypti.pyrethroid insecticides are widely utilized in dengue control. however, the major vector, aedes aegypti, is becoming increasingly resistant to these insecticides and this is impacting on the efficacy of control measures. the near complete transcriptome of two pyrethroid resistant populations from the caribbean was examined to explore the molecular basis of this resistance.201222720108
the antioxidant role of xanthurenic acid in the aedes aegypti midgut during digestion of a blood meal.in the midgut of the mosquito aedes aegypti, a vector of dengue and yellow fever, an intense release of heme and iron takes place during the digestion of a blood meal. here, we demonstrated via chromatography, light absorption and mass spectrometry that xanthurenic acid (xa), a product of the oxidative metabolism of tryptophan, is produced in the digestive apparatus after the ingestion of a blood meal and reaches milimolar levels after 24 h, the period of maximal digestive activity. xa formation ...201222701629
a critical role of the nuclear receptor hr3 in regulation of gonadotrophic cycles of the mosquito aedes aegypti.the orphan nuclear receptor hr3 is essential for developmental switches during insect development and metamorphosis regulated by 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e). reproduction of female mosquitoes of the major vector of dengue fever, aedes aegypti, is cyclic because of its dependence on blood feeding. 20e is an important hormone regulating vitellogenic events in this mosquito; however, any role for hr3 in 20e-driven reproductive events has not been known. using rna interference (rnai) approach, we demon ...201223049766
rapid intraspecific evolution of mirna and sirna genes in the mosquito aedes aegypti.rna silencing, or rna interference (rnai) in metazoans mediates development, reduces viral infection and limits transposon mobility. rna silencing involves 21-30 nucleotide rnas classified into microrna (mirna), exogenous and endogenous small interfering rnas (sirna), and piwi-interacting rna (pirna). knock-out, silencing and mutagenesis of genes in the exogenous sirna (exo-sirna) regulatory network demonstrate the importance of this rnai pathway in antiviral immunity in drosophila and mosquitoe ...201223028502
high household economic burden caused by hospitalization of patients with severe dengue fever cases in can tho province, vietnam.during 2006-2007, a cohort of 144 confirmed dengue cases in can tho province, vietnam were compared with a matching set of 144 households that had no dengue cases. approximately 6-9 months after sickness, there were no significant differences in terms of knowledge of the etiology of dengue, mosquito breeding habitats, and prevention measures in respondents from both sets of households. there was also no difference in the abundance of aedes aegypti (linn.) adults but the average numbers of late i ...201222826478
human antibody response to aedes aegypti saliva in an urban population in bolivia: a new biomarker of exposure to dengue vector bites.aedes mosquitoes are important vectors of re-emerging diseases in developing countries, and increasing exposure to aedes in the developed world is currently a source of concern. given the limitations of current entomologic methods, there is a need for a new effective way for evaluating aedes exposure. our objective was to evaluate specific antibody responses to aedes aegypti saliva as a biomarker for vector exposure in a dengue-endemic urban area. igg responses to saliva were strong in young chi ...201222848099
the interactive roles of aedes aegypti super-production and human density in dengue transmission.a. aegypti production and human density may vary considerably in dengue endemic areas. understanding how interactions between these factors influence the risk of transmission could improve the effectiveness of the allocation of vector control resources. to evaluate the combined impacts of variation in a. aegypti production and human density we integrated field data with simulation modeling.201222953017
expression profile of genes during resistance reversal in a temephos selected strain of the dengue vector, aedes aegypti.the mosquito aedes aegypti is one of the most important disease vectors because it transmits two major arboviruses, dengue and yellow fever, which cause significant global morbidity and mortality. chemical insecticides form the cornerstone of vector control. the organophosphate temephos a larvicide recommended by who for controlling ae. aegypti, however, resistance to this compound has been reported in many countries, including brazil.201222870187
diarrhea and dengue control in rural primary schools in colombia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.diarrheal diseases and dengue fever are major global health problems. where provision of clean water is inadequate, water storage is crucial. fecal contamination of stored water is a common source of diarrheal illness, but stored water also provides breeding sites for dengue vector mosquitoes. poor household water management and sanitation are therefore potential determinants of both diseases. little is known of the role of stored water for the combined risk of diarrhea and dengue, yet a joint r ...201223034084
low entomological impact of new water supply infrastructure in southern vietnam, with reference to dengue vectors.we did a prospective study in southern vietnam where new water infrastructure was added. new 1,200-l tanks may present potential breeding grounds for aedes aegypti, particularly when sealed lids were not always supplied. some householders in these communes received a piped water supply, however there was no reduction in water storage practices. the prevalence of aedes aegypti immatures in tank and tap households reached 73%, but were non-significantly different from each other and from control h ...201222869632
resistance of aedes aegypti (l.) larvae to temephos in surabaya, indonesia.the resistance of aedes aegypti mosquitoes to insecticides threatens dengue virus control efforts. in this study, ae. aegypti larvae collected from 12 subdistricts in surabaya, indonesia, where dengue is endemic, were tested for resistance to the organophosphate, temephos. susceptibility testing, performed according to world health organization (who) methods, showed all field strains were resistant to temephos at a dose of 0.012 mg/l, with mortality rates at 24 hours of 22% to 60%. another susce ...201223082551
diversity of containers and buildings infested with aedes aegypti in puerto iguazú, argentina.aedes aegypti is the main domestic vector of the dengue virus. control measures to prevent dengue transmission focus on the treatment and elimination of this vector's oviposition sites. there is limited biological information on ae. aegypti in argentina. the aim of this study was to characterize ae. aegypti oviposition sites in the city of puerto iguazú, argentina. we surveyed an area covering nine neighborhoods in 2005. we identified 191 premises as positive for ae. aegypti, giving a general ho ...201223033195
vector competence of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) for dengue virus in the florida keys.in 2009-2011, monroe county in southern florida experienced locally acquired and traveler-imported focal dengue outbreaks. aedes aegypti (l.) is the primary vector of dengue virus (denv) worldwide, is prevalent in monroe county, and is the suspected vector in florida. ae. albopictus (skuse) is also known to be an important vector of denv and this species is ubiquitous in florida; however, it is not yet established in monroe county. florida ae. aegypti (key west and stock island geographic coloni ...201222897056
mosquito vector biology and control in latin america--a 22nd symposium.the 22nd annual latin american symposium presented by the american mosquito control association (amca) was held as part of the 78th annual meeting in austin, tx, in february 2012. the principal objective, as for the previous 21 symposia, was to promote participation in the amca by vector control specialists, public health workers, and academicians from latin america. this publication includes summaries of 21 presentations that were given orally in spanish or presented as posters by participants ...201222894120
update on temporal and spatial abundance of dengue vectors in penang, malaysia.it is important to obtain frequent measurements of the abundance, distribution, and seasonality of mosquito vectors to determine the risk of disease transmission. the number of cases of dengue infection has increased in recent years on penang island, malaysia, with recurring epidemics. however, ongoing control attempts are being critically hampered by the lack of up-to-date information regarding the vectors. to overcome this problem, we examined the current situation and distribution of dengue v ...201222894118
immune transcript variations among aedes aegypti populations with distinct susceptibility to dengue virus serotype 2.the innate immune response of insects is one of the factors that may dictate their susceptibility to viral infection. two immune signaling pathways, toll and jak-stat, and the rna interference (rnai) pathway are involved in aedes aegypti responses against dengue virus (denv), however natural differences in these antiviral defenses among mosquito populations have not been studied. here, two field ae. aegypti populations from distinct ecological environments, one from recife and the other from pet ...201222877626
solution structure of fk506-binding protein 12 from aedes aegypti.dengue remains one of the major public concerns as the virus eludes the immune response. currently, no vaccines or antiviral therapeutics are available for dengue prevention or treatment. immunosuppressive drug fk506 shows an antimalarial activity, and its molecular target, fk506-binding protein (fkbp), was identified in human plasmodium parasites. likewise, a conserved fkbp family protein has also been identified in aedes aegypti (aafkbp12), which is expected to play a similar role in the life ...201222806993
vertical transmission of dengue virus in aedes aegypti collected in surabaya, indonesia, during 2008-2011. 201222627316
aedes aegypti saliva enhances dengue virus infection of human keratinocytes by suppressing innate immune responses. 201222475758
dengue virus type 4 in niterói, rio de janeiro: the role of molecular techniques in laboratory diagnosis and entomological surveillance.in niterói, state of rio de janeiro, dengue virus type 4 (denv-4) was isolated for the first time in march 2011. we analysed the laboratory findings of the first cases and evaluated the use of molecular techniques for the detection of denv-4 in aedes aegypti that were field-caught. conventional reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and simplexa™ dengue real-time rt-pcr confirmed denv-4 infection in all cases. additionally, denv-4 was confirmed in a female ae. aegypti with 1.08 ...201223147153
[mayaro: a re-emerging arbovirus in venezuela and latin america].mayaro virus produces nonspecific, sublethal disease symptoms, often confused with dengue, but with symptoms of arthalgias that can cause incapacitating disability. outbreaks have been localized and sporadic in the pan-amazonia forest since its first isolation in 1954 (trinidad and tobago). the literature available is scarce, diverse and dispersed. mayaro virus is an alphavirus, phylogenetically related to the semliki forest antigenic complex. una and mayaro viruses are the only viruses of this ...201223242303
lethal effect of streptomyces citreofluorescens against larvae of malaria, filaria and dengue vectors.to investigate lethal effect of culture filtrates of streptomyces citreofluorescens (s. citreofluorescens) against anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi), culex quinquefasciatus (cx. quinquefasciatus), and aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti) larvae vectors for malaria, filarial and dengue.201222840445
fine scale spatial urban land cover factors associated with adult mosquito abundance and risk in tucson, arizona.it is currently unclear what role microhabitat land cover plays in determining the seasonal spatial distribution of aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus, disease vectors of dengue and west nile virus, respectively, in tucson, az. we compared mosquito abundance to sixteen land cover variables derived from 2010 naip multispectral data and 2008 lidar height data. mosquitoes were trapped with 30-9 traps from may to october of 2010 and 2011. variables were extracted for five buffer zones (10-50 m ...201223181866
larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity of citrus sinensis orange peel extract against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae).mosquitoes are the carriers of severe and well-known illnesses such as malaria, arboviral encephalitis, dengue fever, chikunguniya fever, west nile virus and yellow fever. these diseases produce significant morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock around the world. the present study explored the effects of orange peel ethanol extract of citrus sinensis on larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus. the or ...201222797605
spray application of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti strain am65-52) against aedes aegypti (l.) and ae. albopictus skuse populations and impact on dengue transmission in a dengue endemic residential site in malaysia.a one year study was conducted to evaluate the impact of spray application of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti), strain am65-52 on vector populations and dengue transmission in a dengue endemic state in malaysia. residential sites with similar populations of aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus skuse were studied. one site was treated with spray application of bti into all outdoor target vector habitats, which consisted of natural and artificial containers. the other site was not treat ...201223082582
investigation of the cry4b-prohibitin interaction in aedes aegypti cells.bacillus thuringiensis (bt) produces insecticidal toxins active against insects. cry4b, one of the major insecticidal toxins produced by bt subsp. israelensis, is highly toxic to mosquitoes in the genus aedes: the major vectors of dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya. previous work has shown that cry4b binds to several mid-gut membrane proteins in aedes aegypti larvae including prohibitin, a protein recently identified as a receptor that also mediates entry of dengue virus into aedes cells. thi ...201222767320
isolation of bacillus thuringiensis strains that contain dipteran-specific cry genes from ilha bela (são paulo, brazil) soil samples.the entomophatogenic bacterium bacillus thuringiensis produces crystal proteins, named cry proteins which are encoded by the cry genes. this bacterium is used on biological control of important economical pests, as well as in the control of disease´s vectors, such as aedes aegypti, a mosquito that transmits the dengue viruses. isolates of this bacterium can be characterized by the content of cry genes and this prediction helps target different insect orders. in this research, we isolated 76 colo ...201222735130
efficacy of sunlight-activatable porphyrin formulates on larvae of anopheles gambiae m and s molecular forms and an. arabiensis: a potential novel biolarvicide for integrated malaria vector control.biolarvicides, such as microbial formulations based on bacillus thuringiensis and b. sphaericus, have been found to be highly effective against mosquito larvae and are currently employed as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic chemical insecticides for vector control. recently, a porphyrin of natural origin has been suggested as a sunlight-activatable larvicide against the dengue vector aedes aegypti. in order to validate the approach for the control of the malaria vector, we tested the photo- ...201222668835
identifying insecticide resistance genes in mosquito by combining aflp genome scans and 454 pyrosequencing.aflp-based genome scans are widely used to study the genetics of adaptation and to identify genomic regions potentially under selection. however, this approach usually fails to detect the actual genes or mutations targeted by selection owing to the difficulties of obtaining dna sequences from aflp fragments. here, we combine classical aflp outlier detection with 454 sequencing of aflp fragments to obtain sequences from outlier loci. we applied this approach to the study of resistance to bacillus ...201222348648
chikungunya virus infection, a threat to public health.many countries in the world have reported human infections by chikungunya virus (chikv) a mosquito-borne togavirus belonging to the genus alpha virus. after half a century of focal out breaks of acute febrile poly arthralgia, the disease had spread unexpectedly in the past decade with large outbreaks in africa around the indian ocean and in bangladesh. in asia, chikv is thought to be transmitted by the same mosquito as dengue, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. due to similarities in clinical p ...201222561790
detection of chikungunya virus in aedes aegypti during 2011 outbreak in al hodayda, yemen.in october 2010, the ministry of public health and population reported an outbreak of dengue-like acute febrile illness in al hodayda governorate. by january 2011, a total of 1542 cases had been recorded from 19 of the 26 districts in the governorate with 104 purportedly associated deaths. in response this event, in january 2011 entomological investigations aimed at identifying the primary vector and the epidemic associated etiological agent were carried out. based on the reported cases and the ...201222469818
comparison of wing geometry data and genetic data for assessing the population structure of aedes aegypti.aedes aegypti is the most important vector of dengue viruses in tropical and subtropical regions. because vaccines are still under development, dengue prevention depends primarily on vector control. population genetics is a common approach in research involving ae. aegypti. in the context of medical entomology, wing morphometric analysis has been proposed as a strong and low-cost complementary tool for investigating population structure. therefore, we comparatively evaluated the genetic and phen ...201222178147
larvicidal efficacy of adhatoda vasica (l.) nees against the bancroftian filariasis vector culex quinquefasciatus say and dengue vector aedes aegypti l. in in vitro condition.the larvicidal activities of methanolic fractions from adhatoda vasica leaf extracts were investigated against the bancroftian filariasis vector culex quinquefasciatus and dengue vector aedes aegypti. the results indicated that the mortality rates was high at 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm of methanol extract of fractions iii with r (f) value 0.67 and methanol extract of fraction v with r (f) value 0.64 of a. vasica against all the larval instars of c. quinquefasciatus and a. aegypti. the result of l ...201222167370
mosquitocidal activity of solanum xanthocarpum fruit extract and copepod mesocyclops thermocyclopoides for the control of dengue vector aedes aegypti.the present study was carried out on solanum xanthocarpum fruit extract and copepods mesocyclops thermocyclopoides, which were assessed for the control of dengue vector, aedes aegypti, under laboratory conditions. the medicinal plants were collected from the outskirts of bharathiar university, coimbatore, tamil nadu, india. the shade-dried fruit materials were extracted by employing the soxhlet apparatus with methanol (organic solvent) 8 h and the extracts were filtered through a buchner funnel ...201222398832
effect of moringa oleifera flower extract on larval trypsin and acetylcholinesterase activities in aedes aegypti.aedes aegypti control is crucial to reducing dengue fever. aedes aegypti larvae have developed resistance to organophosporous insecticides and the use of natural larvicides may help manage larval resistance by increasing elements in insecticide rotation programs. here, we report on larvicidal activity of moringa oleifera flower extract against a. aegypti l(1), l(2), l(3), and l(4) as well as the effect of flower extract on gut trypsin and whole-larval acetylcholinesterase from l(4.) in addition, ...201222392801
testing the effectiveness of community-based dengue vector control interventions using semiparametric mixed models.to evaluate the results obtained though intersectoral coordination and community empowerment in one study carried out during 6 years in playa municipality, cuba.201222239179
larvicidal efficacy of the citrus limetta peel extracts against indian strains of anopheles stephensi liston and aedes aegypti l.the extracts from the peels of citrus limetta were prepared using hexane and petroleum ether as the solvents. the larvicidal potential of each extract was assessed against dengue fever vector, aedes aegypti, and malarial vector, anopheles stephensi, by evaluating the toxicity effects on early fourth instars. both the extracts were found effective against both the species. the bioassay with hexane extracts resulted in lc(50) values of 132.45 and 96.15 ppm against a. stephensi and a. aegypti, resp ...201222231268
larvicidal and ovicidal properties of leaf and seed extracts of delonix elata (l.) gamble (family: fabaceae) against malaria (anopheles stephensi liston) and dengue (aedes aegypti linn.) (diptera: culicidae) vector mosquitoes.mosquito-borne diseases with an economic impact create loss in commercial and labor outputs, particularly in countries with tropical and subtropical climates. mosquito control is facing a threat because of the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. extracts from plants may be alternative sources of mosquito control agents because they constitute a rich source of bioactive compounds that are biodegradable into nontoxic products and potentially suitable for use to control mosquitoes. i ...201222231265
dengue-2 virus carrying capacity of thai aedes aegypti strains with different susceptibility to deltamethrin.deltamethrin-resistant aedes aegypti currently threatens the effectiveness of dengue hemorrhagic fever control operations in thailand. although a previous study has suggested that insecticide resistance may increase ae. aegypti susceptibility to dengue-2 virus infection, our experimental data showed no significant association between laboratory-induced deltamethrin-resistance in a thai ae. aegypti isolate and its susceptibility to dengue -2 infection.201223077842
an eco-physiological model of the impact of temperature on aedes aegypti life history traits.physiological processes mediate the impact of ecological conditions on the life histories of insect vectors. for the dengue/chikungunya mosquito, aedes aegypti, three life history traits that are critical to urban population dynamics and control are: size, development rate and starvation mortality. in this paper we make use of prior laboratory experiments on each of these traits at 2°c intervals between 20 and 30°c, in conjunction with eco-evolutionary theory and studies on a.aegypti physiology, ...201223068992
insecticide susceptibility status of field-collected aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) at a dengue endemic site in shah alam, selangor, malaysia.biweekly ovitrap surveillance (os) was conducted for a year (august 2007 - september 2008) at two different dengue endemic sites in shah alam, selangor, malaysia, 50 km from kuala lumpur. aedes aegypti collected from these 2 locations were raised to the f3 stage and subjected to a who standard bioassay method to determine lethal time (lt) against pyrethroids (permethrin 0.75%, cyfluthrin 0.15%), organophosphates (malathion 5.0%, fenitrothion 1.0%), carbamates (propoxur 0.1%, bendiocarb 0.1%) and ...201223082552
laboratory observations on the larvicidal efficacy of three plant species against mosquito vectors of malaria, dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever (df/dhf) and lymphatic filariasis in the semi-arid desert.comparative larvicidal efficacy of aqueous and organic solvent extracts from seeds, leaves and flowers of three desert plants viz. calotropis procera (aiton), tephrosia purpurea (l.) pers. and prosopis juliflora (sw.) dc. was evaluated against anopheles stephensi (liston), aedes aegypti (linnaeus) and culex quinquefasciatus (say). for this purpose larvae of all the three mosquito species were reared in the laboratory and studies carried out on late 3rd or early 4th instars using standard who tec ...201223029912
impact of environmental temperatures on resistance to organophosphate insecticides in aedes aegypti from trinidad.to examine the effects of increasing larval rearing temperatures on the resistance status of trinidadian populations of aedes aegypti to organophosphate (op) insecticides.201222910718
field comparison of thermal and non-thermal ultra-low-volume applications using water and diesel as solvents for managing dengue vector, aedes aegypti.to compare the effectiveness on aedes aegypti (linneo) (diptera: culicidae) of a larvicide-adulticide ulv formulation applied by a thermal or a cold fogger using different solvents.201222906100
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