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estimating the size of aedes aegypti populations from dengue incidence data: implications for the risk of yellow fever outbreaks.in this paper we present a model to estimate the density of aedes mosquitoes in a community affected by dengue. the method consists in fitting a continuous function to the incidence of dengue infections, from which the density of infected mosquitoes is derived straightforwardly. further derivations allow the calculation of the latent and susceptible mosquitoes' densities, the sum of the three equals the total mosquitoes' density. the method is illustrated with the case of the risk of urban yello ...201730137722
evaluation of phytosynthesised silver nanoparticles from leaf extracts of leucas aspera and hyptis suaveolens and their larvicidal activity against malaria, dengue and filariasis vectors.the present study deals with the green synthesis of silver nanoparticle from the aqueous leaf extracts of leucas aspera and hyptis suaveolens as reducing agent and to investigate the larvicidal activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles. the synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy (uv), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir), x-ray spectroscopy (xrd), field emission scanning electron microscope (fesem) and high-resonance t ...201729774292
biological control of anopheles darlingi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus larvae using shrimps.mosquitoes can act as vectors of important diseases such as malaria, dengue, zika virus, yellow fever, chikungunya and mayaro fever, in addition to filariasis. the use of insecticides, larvicides, bed nets and repellents, besides the use of drugs as chemoprevention and the treatment of the sick are currently the pillars of the control of these vectors. we studied the biological control against of anopheles darlingi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus larvae using shrimps of the species m. ...201729774286
efficient method for establishing f1 progeny from wild populations of anopheles mosquitoes.the changing malaria situation in madagascar requires additional knowledge on the physiology and behaviour of local mosquito vectors. however, the absence of established colonies for several anopheline species present in madagascar constitutes a limiting factor. to avoid labour intensive work and uncertainty for success of establishing anopheles colonies from malagasy species, field collections of blood-fed females and in-tube forced oviposition were combined to reliably produce large numbers of ...201728069024
commensal viruses of mosquitoes: host restriction, transmission, and interaction with arboviral pathogens.recent advances in virus detection strategies and deep sequencing technologies have enabled the identification of a multitude of new viruses that persistently infect mosquitoes but do not infect vertebrates. these are usually referred to as insect-specific viruses (isvs). these novel viruses have generated considerable interest in their modes of transmission, persistence in mosquito populations, the mechanisms that restrict their host range to mosquitoes, and their interactions with pathogens tr ...201728096646
persistent zika virus detection in semen in a traveler returning to the united kingdom from brazil, 2016.zika virus is normally transmitted by mosquitos, but cases of sexual transmission have been reported. we describe a patient with symptomatic zika virus infection in whom the virus was detected in semen for 92 days. our findings support recommendations for 6 months of barrier contraceptive use after symptomatic zika virus infection.201727748650
epidemic outbreak of chikungunya in two neighboring towns in the colombian caribbean: a survival analysis.the first autochthonous chikungunya virus transmission in colombia was reported in september 2014. three months later, every town in the caribbean region was affected, including the bordering towns of ovejas and corozal, in the department of sucre. the objective of the study was to analyze and compare the temporal dynamics of the outbreak of chikungunya in two towns of the department of sucre.201728074128
synthesis and insecticidal activity of acridone derivatives to aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus larvae and non-target aquatic species.a serious mosquito borne yellow fever is one of the grave diseases which affect the major population. since there is no specific treatment for yellow fever, there is a necessity to develop an effective agent. the series of acridinone analogues 3 to 5 were synthesized with help of non-conventional microwave heating and confirmed by respective spectral characterization. 5c and 3b showed highest activity to kill 90% of larvae against a. aegypti and c. quinquefasciatus, respectively. also the active ...201728059104
discovery of flavivirus-derived endogenous viral elements in anopheles mosquito genomes supports the existence of anopheles-associated insect-specific flaviviruses.the flavivirus genus encompasses several arboviruses of public health significance such as dengue, yellow fever, and zika viruses. it also includes insect-specific flaviviruses (isfs) that are only capable of infecting insect hosts. the vast majority of mosquito-infecting flaviviruses have been associated with mosquito species of the aedes and culex genera in the culicinae subfamily, which also includes most arbovirus vectors. mosquitoes of the anophelinae subfamily are not considered significan ...201728078104
enhancement of mosquito trapping efficiency by using pulse width modulated light emitting diodes.in this study, a light-driving bug zapper is presented for well controlling the diseases brought by insects, such as mosquitoes. in order to have the device efficient to trap the insect pests in off-grid areas, pulse width modulated light emitting diodes (pwm-led) combined with a solar power module are proposed and implemented. with specific pwm electric signals to drive the led, it is found that no matter what the ability of catching insects or the consumed power efficiency can be enhanced thus ...201728059148
evaluations of dual attractant toxic sugar baits for surveillance and control of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in florida.dual attractant toxic sugar baits (d-atsb) containing two host kairomones, l-lactic (la) and 1-octen-3-ol (o), and fruit-based attractants were evaluated through olfactory, consumption and mortality, and semi-field experiments to determine if host kairomones could first, enhance attraction of a fruit-based (attractant) toxic sugar bait (atsb), and second, increase the efficacy of a fruit based attractive toxic sugar bait (atsb).201728057066
evaluation of the importance of fever with respect to dengue prognosis according to the 2009 who classification: a retrospective study.the 2009 revised world health organization (who) guidelines for dengue describe fever as the core symptom. accordingly, the diagnosis of non-febrile patients is complicated. the aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of fever in patients with dengue according to the 2009 revised who classification.201728052760
assessment of synthetic floral-based attractants and sugar baits to capture male and female aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).the viruses transmitted by aedes aegypti, including dengue and zika viruses, are rapidly expanding in geographic range and as a threat to public health. in response, control programs are increasingly turning to the use of sterile insect techniques resulting in a need to trap male ae. aegypti to monitor the efficacy of the intervention. however, there is a lack of effective and cheap methods for trapping males. thus, we attempted to exploit the physiological need to obtain energy from sugar feedi ...201728095875
identification of functional enolase genes of the silkworm bombyx mori from public databases with a combination of dry and wet bench processes.various insect species have been added to genomic databases over the years. thus, researchers can easily obtain online genomic information on invertebrates and insects. however, many incorrectly annotated genes are included in these databases, which can prevent the correct interpretation of subsequent functional analyses. to address this problem, we used a combination of dry and wet bench processes to select functional genes from public databases.201728086791
application of the analytic hierarchy approach to the risk assessment of zika virus disease transmission in guangdong province, china.an international spread of zika virus (zikv) infection has attracted global attention in 2015. the infection also affected guangdong province, which is located in southern china. multiple factors, including frequent communication with south america and southeast asia, suitable climate (sub-tropical) for the habitat of aedes species, may increase the risk of zikv disease transmission in this region.201728086897
functional characterization of the active mutator-like transposable element, muta1 from the mosquito aedes aegypti.mutator-like transposable elements (mules) are widespread with members in fungi, plants, and animals. most of the research on the mule superfamily has focused on plant mules where they were discovered and where some are extremely active and have significant impact on genome structure. the maize mudr element has been widely used as a tool for both forward and reverse genetic studies because of its high transposition rate and preference for targeting genic regions. however, despite being widesprea ...201728096902
juvenile hormone biosynthesis in adult blattella germanica requires nuclear receptors seven-up and ftz-f1.in insects, the transition from juvenile development to the adult stage is controlled by juvenile hormone (jh) synthesized from the corpora allata (ca) glands. whereas a jh-free period during the last juvenile instar triggers metamorphosis and the end of the growth period, the reappearance of this hormone after the imaginal molt marks the onset of reproductive adulthood. despite the importance of such transition, the regulatory mechanism that controls it remains mostly unknown. here, using the h ...201728074850
emergence of epidemic zika virus transmission and congenital zika syndrome: are recently evolved traits to blame?the mechanisms responsible for the dramatic emergence of zika virus (zikv), accompanied by congenital zika syndrome and guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), remain unclear. however, two hypotheses are prominent: (i) evolution for enhanced urban transmission via adaptation to mosquito vectors, or for enhanced human infection to increase amplification, or (ii) the stochastic introduction of zikv into large, naive human populations in regions with abundant aedes aegypti populations, leading to enough rar ...201728074023
fatty acid synthase 2 contributes to diapause preparation in a beetle by regulating lipid accumulation and stress tolerance genes expression.diapause, also known as dormancy, is a state of arrested development that allows insects to survive unfavorable environmental conditions. diapause-destined insects store large amounts of fat when preparing for diapause. however, the extent to which these accumulated fat reserves influence diapause remains unclear. to address this question, we investigated the function of fatty acid synthase (fas), which plays a central role in lipid synthesis, in stress tolerance, the duration of diapause prepar ...201728071706
dengue in latin america: systematic review of molecular epidemiological trends.dengue, the predominant arthropod-borne viral disease affecting humans, is caused by one of four distinct serotypes (denv-1, -2, -3 or -4). a literature analysis and review was undertaken to describe the molecular epidemiological trends in dengue disease and the knowledge generated in specific molecular topics in latin america, including the caribbean islands, from 2000 to 2013 in the context of regional trends in order to identify gaps in molecular epidemiological knowledge and future research ...201728068335
proteomic analysis of cry2aa-binding proteins and their receptor function in spodoptera exigua.the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis produces crystal (cry) proteins that are toxic to a diverse range of insects. transgenic crops that produce bt cry proteins are grown worldwide because of their improved resistance to insect pests. although bt "pyramid" cotton that produces both cry1a and cry2a is predicted to be more resistant to several lepidopteran pests, including spodoptera exigua, than plants that produce cry1ac alone, the mechanisms responsible for the toxicity of cry2aa in s. exigua a ...201728067269
wolbachia infections in aedes aegypti differ markedly in their response to cyclical heat stress.aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with wolbachia bacteria are currently being released for arbovirus suppression around the world. their potential to invade populations and persist will depend on interactions with environmental conditions, particularly as larvae are often exposed to fluctuating and extreme temperatures in the field. we reared ae. aegypti larvae infected with different types of wolbachia (wmel, walbb and wmelpop-cla) under diurnal cyclical temperatures. rearing wmel and wmelpop-c ...201728056065
the dangers of accepting a single diagnosis: case report of concurrent plasmodium knowlesi malaria and dengue infection.dengue and malaria are two common, mosquito-borne infections, which may lead to mortality if not managed properly. concurrent infections of dengue and malaria are rare due to the different habitats of its vectors and activities of different carrier mosquitoes. the first case reported was in 2005. since then, several concurrent infections have been reported between the dengue virus (denv) and the malaria protozoans, plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax. symptoms of each infection may be mas ...201728049485
pterodon emarginatus oleoresin-based nanoemulsion as a promising tool for culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae) control.preparation of nanoformulations using natural products as bioactive substances is considered very promising for innovative larvicidal agents. on this context, oil in water nanoemulsions develop a main role, since they satisfactorily disperse poor-water soluble substances, such as herbal oils, in aqueous media. pterodon emarginatus, popularly known as sucupira, has a promising bioactive oleoresin. however, to our knowledge, no previous studies were carried out to evaluate its potential against cu ...201728049483
insecticidal toxicities of carvacrol and thymol derived from thymus vulgaris lin. against pochazia shantungensis chou &lu., newly recorded pest.the insecticidal toxicities of five essential oils against pochazia shantungensis adults and nymphs, newly recorded pests, were evaluated. the lc50 values of thymus vulgaris, ruta graveolens, citrus aurantium, leptospermum petersonii and achillea millefolium oils were recorded as 57.48, 84.44, 92.58, 113.26 and 125.78 mg/l, respectively, against p. shantungensis nymphs using the leaf dipping bioassay, and 75.80, 109.86, 113.26, 145.06 and 153.74 mg/l, respectively, against p. shantungensis adult ...201728106093
rna interference mediated knockdown of brugia malayi udp-galactopyranose mutase severely affects parasite viability, embryogenesis and in vivo development of infective larvae.galactofuranose is an essential cell surface component present in bacteria, fungi and several nematodes such as caenorhabditis spp., brugia spp., onchocerca spp. and strongyloides spp. this sugar maintains the integrity of parasite surface and is essential for virulence. udp-galactopyranose mutase (bmugm) plays a key role in galf biosynthesis by catalyzing conversion of udp-galactopyranose into udp-galactofuranose and knockout studies of the gene in leishmania major, mycobacterium and aspergillu ...201728103957
antiviral effect of compounds derived from the seeds of mammea americana and tabernaemontana cymosa on dengue and chikungunya virus infections.the transmission of dengue virus (denv) and chikungunya virus (chikv) has increased worldwide, due in part to the lack of a specific antiviral treatment. for this reason, the search for compounds with antiviral potential, either as licensed drugs or in natural products, is a research priority. the objective of this study was to identify some of the compounds that are present in mammea americana (m. americana) and tabernaemontana cymosa (t. cymosa) plants and, subsequently, to evaluate their cyto ...201728100218
microrna-34 directly targets pair-rule genes and cytoskeleton component in the honey bee.micrornas (mirnas) are key regulators of developmental processes, such as cell fate determination and differentiation. previous studies showed dicer knockdown in honeybee embryos disrupt the processing of functional mature mirnas and impairs embryo patterning. here we investigated the expression profiles of mirnas in honeybee embryogenesis and the role of the highly conserved mir-34-5p in the regulation of genes involved in insect segmentation. a total of 221 mirnas were expressed in honey bee e ...201728098233
the physical genome mapping of anopheles albimanus corrected scaffold misassemblies and identified interarm rearrangements in genus anopheles.the genome of the neotropical malaria vector anopheles albimanus was sequenced as part of the 16 anopheles genomes project published in 2015. the draft assembly of this species consisted of 204 scaffolds with an n50 scaffold size of 18.1 mb and a total assembly size of 170.5 mb. it was among the smallest genomes with the longest scaffolds in the 16 anopheles species cluster, making an. albimanus the logical choice for anchoring the genome assembly to chromosomes. in this study, we developed a hi ...201727821634
a comparative analysis of three vector-borne diseases across australia using seasonal and meteorological models.ross river virus (rrv), barmah forest virus (bfv), and dengue are three common mosquito-borne diseases in australia that display notable seasonal patterns. although all three diseases have been modeled on localized scales, no previous study has used harmonic models to compare seasonality of mosquito-borne diseases on a continent-wide scale. we fit poisson harmonic regression models to surveillance data on rrv, bfv, and dengue (from 1993, 1995 and 1991, respectively, through 2015) incorporating s ...201728071683
mitigating future avian malaria threats to hawaiian forest birds from climate change.avian malaria, transmitted by culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes in the hawaiian islands, has been a primary contributor to population range limitations, declines, and extinctions for many endemic hawaiian honeycreepers. avian malaria is strongly influenced by climate; therefore, predicted future changes are expected to expand transmission into higher elevations and intensify and lengthen existing transmission periods at lower elevations, leading to further population declines and potential extin ...201728060848
the search for novel insecticide targets in the post-genomics era, with a specific focus on g-protein coupled receptors.insects are considered pests globally, implicated in the destruction of agricultural fields and transmission of pathogens that cause deadly human diseases, such as dengue, zika and malaria. the diversity of the insecticide arsenal has remained stagnant for decades, but the recent rise of insecticide resistance fueled the discovery of novel modes of action, and the power of genomics has reinvigorated this search. this review discusses the importance of comparative and functional insect genomics i ...201728076467
the transcriptome of the mosquito aedes fluviatilis (diptera: culicidae), and transcriptional changes associated with its native wolbachia infection.wolbachia is a bacterial endosymbiont that naturally infects a wide range of insect species, and causes drastic changes to host biology. stable infections of wolbachia in mosquitoes can inhibit infection with medically important pathogens such as dengue virus and malaria-causing plasmodium parasites. however, some native wolbachia strains can enhance infection with certain pathogens, as is the case for the mosquito aedes fluviatilis, where infection with plasmodium gallinaceum is enhanced by the ...201728049478
functional analysis of the abcs of eye color in helicoverpa armigera with crispr/cas9-induced mutations.many insect pigments are localized in subcellular pigment granules, and transport of pigment precursors from the cytoplasm is accomplished by abc proteins. drosophila melanogaster has three half-transporter genes (white, scarlet, and brown, all affecting eye pigments) and bombyx mori has a fourth (ok). the white, brown, scarlet and ok proteins each have one transmembrane and one cytoplasmic domain and they heterodimerize to form functional transporters with different substrate specificities. we ...201728053351
the influence of urban heat islands and socioeconomic factors on the spatial distribution of aedes aegypti larval habitats.we addressed the potential associations among the temporal and spatial distribution of larval habitats of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti, the presence of urban heat islands and socioeconomic factors. data on larval habitats were collected in santa bárbara d'oeste, são paulo, brazil, from 2004 to 2006, and spatial and temporal variations were analysed using a wavelet-based approach. we quantified urban heat islands by calculating surface temperatures using the results of wavelet analyses and grey leve ...201829772891
urban environmental clustering to assess the spatial dynamics of aedes aegypti breeding sites.the identification of aedes aegypti breeding hotspots in urban areas is crucial for the rational design of control strategies against this disease vector. remote sensing and geographic information systems offer valuable tools for mapping habitat suitability of a given area. however, predicting species occurrences by means of probability distribution maps based on transversal entomological surveys has limited utility for local authorities. the aim of the present study was to carefully examine the ...201829772886
encapsidated host factors in alphavirus particles influence midgut infection of aedes aegypti.transmission of mosquito-borne viruses requires the efficient infection of both a permissive vertebrate host and a competent mosquito vector. the infectivity of sindbis virus (sinv), the type species of the alphavirus genus, is influenced by both the original and new host cell. we have shown that infection of vertebrate cells by sinv, chikungunya virus (chikv), and ross river virus (rrv) produces two subpopulations of virus particles separable based on density. in contrast, a single population o ...201829772674
tracking aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) larval behavior across development: effects of temperature and nutrients on individuals' foraging behavior.immature mosquitoes alter their foraging behavior in response to variation in nutrients, predators, and temperature, with consequences on the adult stage where pathogens are transmitted. these patterns of behavior have not been described with respect to both developmental stage and environmental variation, nor has behavior been examined within an individual across instars. we hypothesized that individual larvae have distinct behavioral syndromes, and predict that the rank of foraging activity in ...201829771372
niche conservatism of aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti - two mosquito species with different invasion histories.biological invasions have been associated with niche changes; however, their occurrence is still debated. we assess whether climatic niches between native and non-native ranges have changed during the invasion process using two globally spread mosquitoes as model species, aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti. considering the different time spans since their invasions (>300 vs. 30-40 years), niche changes were expected to be more likely for ae. aegypti than for ae. albopictus. we used temperature a ...201829769652
ornamental bromeliads of miami-dade county, florida are important breeding sites for aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).a major public health concern is the emergence and geographical spread of vector-borne diseases such as zika and yellow fever. ornamental bromeliads retaining water in their leaf axils represent potential breeding sites for mosquitoes. as the role of ornamental bromeliads in breeding aedes aegypti in miami-dade county, florida is unknown, we hypothesize that ornamental bromeliads are important breeding sites for ae. aegypti. our objective was to survey bromeliads in areas with high densities of ...201829769105
efficacy of the main repellents available in the brazilian market against aedes aegypti bites under concentrations applied to pediatric populations. 201829768569
ns1 codon usage adaptation to humans in pandemic zika virus.zika virus (zikv) was recognised as a zoonotic pathogen in africa and southeastern asia. human infections were infrequently reported until 2007, when the first known epidemic occurred in micronesia. after 2013, the asian lineage of zikv spread along the pacific islands and americas, causing severe outbreaks with millions of human infections. the recent human infections of zikv were also associated with severe complications, such as an increase in cases of guillain-barre syndrome and the emergenc ...201829768530
pyrethroid insecticides maintain repellent effect on knock-down resistant populations of aedes aegypti mosquitoes.pyrethroid-treated clothing is commonly worn for protection against mosquitoes; pyrethroids are both insecticides and repellents. pyrethroid resistance has become increasingly common in aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue, zika, and other arboviruses, but it is not clear whether resistance is associated with reductions in repellency. in order to determine whether long-lasting permethrin impregnated (llpi) clothing is protective, we used aedes aegypti from new orleans, la (pyrethroid-sensitive) a ...201829763445
effects of light and temperature on daily activity and clock gene expression in two mosquito disease vectors.most organisms feature an endogenous circadian clock capable of synchronization with their environment. the most well-known synchronizing agents are light and temperature. the circadian clock of mosquitoes, vectors of many pathogens, drives important behaviors related to vectoral capacity, including oviposition, host seeking, and hematophagy. main clock gene expression, as well as locomotor activity patterns, has been identified in aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus under artificial light- ...201829761749
threats of zika virus transmission for asia and its hindu-kush himalayan region.asia and its hindu kush himalayan (hkh) region is particularly vulnerable to environmental change, especially climate and land use changes further influenced by rapid population growth, high level of poverty and unsustainable development. asia has been a hotspot of dengue fever and chikungunya mainly due to its dense human population, unplanned urbanization and poverty. in an urban cycle, dengue virus (denv) and chikungunya virus (chikv) are transmitted by aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus mosqui ...201829759076
aedes aegypti(linnaeus) larvae from dengue outbreak areas in selangor showing resistance to pyrethroids but susceptible to organophosphates.the resistance status of selangor aedes aegypti (linnaeus) larvae against four major groups of insecticides (i.e., organochlorines, carbamates, organophosphates and pyrethroids) was investigated. aedes aegypti were susceptible against temephos (organophosphate), although resistance (rr50 = 0.21-2.64) may be developing. the insecticides susceptibility status of ae. aegypti larvae were found heterogeneous among the different study sites. results showed that ae. aegypti larvae from klang, sabak ber ...201829758171
a review of the ongoing research on zika virus treatment.the zika fever is an arboviral disease resulting from the infection with zika virus (zikv). the virus is transmitted to humans by the bite of aedes mosquitos, mainly aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. zikv has been detected for decades in african and asian regions and, since 2007, has spread to other continents; among them, infections are most reported in the americas. this can be explained by the presence of vectors in highly populated and tropical regions where people are susceptible to conta ...201829758005
two novel mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel associated with knockdown resistance (kdr) in the dengue vector aedes aegypti in vietnam. 201829757514
diel patterns of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) after resurgence in st. augustine, florida as collected by a mechanical rotator trap. 201829757509
mosquito traps for urban surveillance: collection efficacy and potential for use by citizen scientists.mosquito-borne diseases are a pervasive public health problem on a global scale, and effective management of them requires well-designed surveillance programs for both vectors and pathogens. mosquito traps are a common component of such programs, and their reach can be expanded by engaging citizen scientists. in this study in a southern australian city, we compared the mosquito collection efficacy of two types of traps and assessed their suitability for use in citizen science programs. bg sentin ...201829757507
controversies over the scientific name of the principal mosquito vector of yellow fever virus - expediency versus validity.the history of the scientific name of the yellow fever mosquito, the vector of yellow fever virus, ranges from 1757 to the early twenty-first century. in his 1757 work iter palaestinum, frederic hasselquist gave the name culex aegypti to a mosquito species responsible for fierce attacks on humans in egypt. that name was never later ascribed to hasselquist as author, but to linnaeus, although the name never appeared in any of linnaeus' publications. in cuba, at the end of the nineteenth century, ...201829757506
effects of scarcity and excess of larval food on life history traits of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).few studies have assessed the effects of food scarcity or excess on the life history traits of aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) independently from larval density. we assessed immature survival, development time, and adult size in relation to food availability. we reared cohorts of 30 ae. aegypti larvae from newly hatched to adult emergence with different food availability. food conditions were kept constant by transferring larvae each day to a new food solution. immature development was c ...201829757503
de novo dna synthesis in aedes aegypti midgut cells as a complementary strategy to limit dengue viral replication.aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue virus, carrying the virus during the whole mosquito life post-infection. few mosquito fitness costs have been associated to the virus infection, thereby allowing for a swift dissemination. in order to diminish the mosquito population, public health agency use persistent chemicals with environmental impact for disease control. most countries barely use biological controls, if at all. with the purpose of developing novel dengue control strategies, a detai ...201829755433
sargassum wightii-synthesized zno nanoparticles - from antibacterial and insecticidal activity to immunostimulatory effects on the green tiger shrimp penaeus semisulcatus.the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using phytochemical from marine seaweeds is a fast-growing research field in nanotechnology. here, the biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles was achieved using the hot water extract of sargassum wightii. the hot water extract prepared from s. wightii (h sw) and zno nps were studied by uv-visible and ftir spectroscopy, sem and xrd. then, both products were evaluated for antibiofilm activity towards aquatic pathogens. the nanoparticles' immunostimulati ...201829754050
dynamics of dengue disease with human and vector mobility.dengue is a vector borne disease transmitted to humans by aedes aegypti mosquitoes carrying virus of different serotypes. dengue exhibits complex spatial and temporal dynamics, influenced by various biological, human and environmental factors. in this work, we study the dengue spread for a single serotype (denv-1) including statistical models of human mobility with exponential step length distribution, by using reaction-diffusion equations and stochastic cellular automata (sca) approach. we anal ...201829751893
a wolbachia triple-strain infection generates self-incompatibility in aedes albopictus and transmission instability in aedes aegypti.artificially-introduced transinfections of the intracellular bacterium wolbachia pipientis have the potential to reduce the vectorial capacity of mosquito populations for viruses such as dengue and chikungunya. aedes albopictus has two native strains of wolbachia, but their replacement with the non-native wmel strain blocks transmission of both viruses. the pattern of cytoplasmic incompatiiblity generated by wmel with wild-types is bidirectional. novel-plus-native-strain co-infection is predicte ...201829751814
molecular responses to the zika virus in mosquitoes.the zika virus (zikv), originally discovered in 1947, did not become a major concern until the virus swept across the pacific and into the americas in the last decade, bringing with it news of neurological complications and birth defects in zikv affected areas. this prompted researchers to dissect the molecular interactions between zikv and the mosquito vector in an attempt to better understand not only the changes that occur upon infection, but to also identify molecules that may potentially en ...201829751526
effect of uv-b irradiation on water-suspended metarhizium anisopliae s.l. (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) conidia and their larvicidal activity in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).ultraviolet (uv) radiation is a key limiting factor for biological pest control with entomopathogenic fungi. while little is known about the impact of uv on metarhizium anisopliae metchnikoff (sorokin) (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) conidia in aquatic mosquito-breeding sites, this study determined the effect of uv-b on the viability and virulence of m. anisopliae sensu lato (s.l.) strain ip 46 in the laboratory against aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) larvae. conidia were treated in cups ...201829750411
experimental zika virus infection in aedes aegypti: susceptibility, transmission & co-infection with dengue & chikungunya viruses.there are reports about the susceptibility of aedes mosquitoes to zikv from various countries, however, no such information is available from indian sub-continent, although, high level of group cross-reactivity of zikv with other flaviviruses has been reported. during outbreak situations, many cases of dengue (den) and chikungunya (chik) are reported. in such scenario, vector mosquitoes are likely to get co-infection/secondary-infection with one or other virus. the present study was carried out ...201829749366
a new "american" subgroup of african-lineage chikungunya virus detected in and isolated from mosquitoes collected in haiti, 2016.as part of on-going arboviral surveillance activity in a semi-rural region in haiti, chikungunya virus (chikv)-positive mosquito pools were identified in 2014 (the peak of the caribbean asian-clade epidemic), and again in 2016 by rt-pcr. in 2014, chikv was only identified in aedes aegypti (11 positive pools/124 screened). in contrast, in sampling in 2016, chikv was not identified in ae. aegypti, but, rather, in (a) a female aedes albopictus pool, and (b) a female culex quinquefasciatus pool. gen ...201829746539
seasonal temperature variation influences climate suitability for dengue, chikungunya, and zika transmission.dengue, chikungunya, and zika virus epidemics transmitted by aedes aegypti mosquitoes have recently (re)emerged and spread throughout the americas, southeast asia, the pacific islands, and elsewhere. understanding how environmental conditions affect epidemic dynamics is critical for predicting and responding to the geographic and seasonal spread of disease. specifically, we lack a mechanistic understanding of how seasonal variation in temperature affects epidemic magnitude and duration. here, we ...201829746468
atypical neurological manifestations of chikungunya fever: two case reports.chikungunya fever (chik) is an arboviral disease which is transmitted by a mosquito bite (aedes aegypti). fever, polyarthralgia, and maculopapular rash are hallmark clinical manifestations of this disease. these manifestations are self-liming and complete recovery is seen in most of the cases. however, atypical and lethal complications such as myocarditis, hepatitis, guillain-barre syndrome (gbs), and meningoencephalitis have been reported in few cases of chik. we hereby report two cases of chik ...201829743772
complete genome of aedes aegypti anphevirus in the aag2 mosquito cell line.a novel negative-sense rna virus, aedes aegypti anphevirus, was recently identified in wild aedes aegypti mosquitoes. we show that this virus is also present in the aag2 aedes aegypti cell line and characterize its complete genome and evolutionary history. the aedes aegypti anphevirus genome is estimated to be 12 916 nucleotides in length, contains four genes and has a genome structure similar to that of other anpheviruses. phylogenetically, aedes aegypti anphevirus falls within an unclassified ...201829741476
expression of a synthetic gene for the major cytotoxin (cyt1aa) of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in the chloroplast of wild-type chlamydomonas.chlamydomonas reinhardtii (chlamydomonas) strains that are toxic to mosquito larvae because they express chloroplast transgenes that are based on the mosquitocidal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) could be very useful in mosquito control. chlamydomonas has several advantages for this approach, including genetic controls not generally available with industrial algae. the bti toxin is produced by sporulating bacteria and has been used for mosquito control for >30 years w ...201829738473
crystal structure of a novel kunitz type inhibitor, alocasin with anti-aedes aegypti activity targeting midgut proteases.the pesticidal properties of many kunitz-type inhibitors have been reported previously; however, the mechanism of action is not well established. in this study, the activity of alocasin against aedes aegypti is demonstrated and the structure-activity relationship of this kunitz-type inhibitor is explained through x-ray structure analyses.201829737039
antibodies against chikungunya in northern mozambique during dengue outbreak, 2014.an outbreak of dengue and high densities of aedes aegypti were reported in 2014 in northern mozambique, suggesting an increased risk for other arboviruses such as chikungunya virus (chikv) in this region. the aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of chikv during an outbreak of dengue virus (denv) in pemba city in northern mozambique in 2014. febrile patients (n = 146) seeking medical attention at the pemba provincial hospital between march and april 2014 were enrolled in this study ...201829733254
male contributions during mating increase female survival in the disease vector mosquito aedes aegypti.aedes aegypti is a vector of medically important viruses including those causing zika, dengue, and chikungunya. during mating, males transfer a number of proteins and other molecules to the female and these components of the male ejaculate are essential in shifting female post-mating behaviors in a number of insect species. because these molecules are highly variable by species, and female post-mating behavior by species is also varied, behavioral assays testing the function of the ejaculate are ...201829729859
improving the delivery and efficiency of fungus-impregnated cloths for control of adult aedes aegypti using a synthetic attractive lure.entomopathogenic fungi are highly promising agents for controlling aedes aegypti mosquitoes. deploying fungus-impregnated black cloths in pet traps efficiently reduced ae. aegypti female survival rates under intra-domicile conditions. with the aim of further increasing the effectiveness of the traps, the addition of attractive lures to fungus-impregnated traps was evaluated.201829728121
advising a woman with suspected zika virus infection.the zika virus (zikv) epidemic is spreading: 67 countries are now reporting transmission, and over 2,000 cases of congenital zika syndrome (czs) have been confirmed. the heaviest burden has been borne by those living where poverty, poor infrastructure, and lack of access to health services are common and the penetration of aedes aegypti is high. because most cases are asymptomatic, the most dramatic signs of the disease appear through the czs cases. in spite of the need for disaggregated epidemi ...201829724698
larval density mediates knockdown resistance to pyrethroid insecticides in adult aedes aegypti.understanding mechanisms driving insecticide resistance in vector populations remains a public health priority. to date, most research has focused on the genetic mechanisms underpinning resistance, yet it is unclear what role environmental drivers may play in shaping phenotypic expression. one of the key environmental drivers of aedes aegypti mosquito population dynamics is resource-driven intraspecific competition at the larval stage. we experimentally investigated the role of density-dependent ...201829724237
contributions from the silent majority dominate dengue virus transmission.despite estimates that, each year, as many as 300 million dengue virus (denv) infections result in either no perceptible symptoms (asymptomatic) or symptoms that are sufficiently mild to go undetected by surveillance systems (inapparent), it has been assumed that these infections contribute little to onward transmission. however, recent blood-feeding experiments with aedes aegypti mosquitoes showed that people with asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic denv infections are capable of infecting mosquit ...201829723307
wolbachia significantly impacts the vector competence of aedes aegypti for mayaro virus.wolbachia, an intracellular endosymbiont present in up to 70% of all insect species, has been suggested as a sustainable strategy for the control of arboviruses such as dengue, zika and chikungunya. as mayaro virus outbreaks have also been reported in latin american countries, the objective of this study was to evaluate the vector competence of brazilian field-collected ae. aegypti and the impact of wolbachia (wmel strain) upon this virus. our in vitro studies with aag2 cells showed that mayaro ...201829720714
vector competence of certain culex and aedes mosquitoes for the chittoor virus, the indian variant of the batai virus.chittoor virus (chitv), a mosquito-borne bunyavirus (orthobunyavirus: bunyaviridae) isolated in india, has been found to be antigenically close to the batai virus (batv), which has a wide distribution across asia, europe, and africa. the latter virus causes influenza-like illness in humans and mild illness in sheep and goats. batv has been involved in genetic reassortment with other bunyaviruses, generating novel genome combinations and causing severe clinical manifestations including hemorrhagi ...201829718685
high throughput discovery of protein variants using proteomics informed by transcriptomics.proteomics informed by transcriptomics (pit), in which proteomic ms/ms spectra are searched against open reading frames derived from de novo assembled transcripts, can reveal previously unknown translated genomic elements (tges). however, determining which tges are truly novel, which are variants of known proteins, and which are simply artefacts of poor sequence assembly, is challenging. we have designed and implemented an automated solution that classifies putative tges by comparing to referenc ...201829718325
dehydration prompts increased activity and blood feeding by mosquitoes.current insights into the mosquito dehydration response rely on studies that examine specific responses but ultimately fail to provide an encompassing view of mosquito biology. here, we examined underlying changes in the biology of mosquitoes associated with dehydration. specifically, we show that dehydration increases blood feeding in the northern house mosquito, culex pipiens, which was the result of both higher activity and a greater tendency to land on a host. similar observations were noted ...201829717151
efficacy of larvicides for the control of dengue, zika, and chikungunya vectors in an urban cemetery in southern mexico.many countries in latin america have recently experienced outbreaks of zika and chikungunya fever, in additional to the usual burden imposed by dengue, all of which are transmitted by aedes aegypti in this region. to identify potential larvicides, we determined the toxicity of eight modern insecticides to a. aegypti larvae from a colony that originated from field-collected insects in southern mexico. the most toxic compounds were pyriproxyfen (which prevented adult emergence) and λ-cyhalothrin, ...201829713901
parallel evolution of vgsc mutations at domains is6, iis6 and iiis6 in pyrethroid resistant aedes aegypti from mexico.aedes aegypti is the primary urban mosquito vector of viruses causing dengue, zika and chikungunya fevers -for which vaccines and effective pharmaceuticals are still lacking. current strategies to suppress arbovirus outbreaks include removal of larval-breeding sites and insecticide treatment of larval and adult populations. insecticidal control of ae. aegypti is challenging, due to a recent rapid global increase in knockdown-resistance (kdr) to pyrethroid insecticides. widespread, heavy use of p ...201829712956
identification of candidate iron transporters from the zip/znt gene families in the mosquito aedes aegypti.mosquito-transmitted viral pathogens, such as dengue and zika, afflict tens of thousands of people every year. these viruses are transmitted during the blood-feeding process that is required for mosquito reproduction, the most important vector being aedes aegypti. while vertebrate blood is rich in protein, its high iron content is potentially toxic to mosquitoes. although iron transport and sequestration are essential in the reproduction of vector mosquitoes, we discovered that culicine mosquito ...201829706902
dengue fever in lebanon: first confirmed case since 1945 and review from the region.lebanon yearly witnesses a high flux of expatriates and workers from dengue virus (denv) endemic regions. multiple cases of dengue fever have been documented at the american university of beirut medical center (aubmc) in travellers to endemic regions. given the presence of the aedes aegypti mosquito in lebanon, introduction of denv to the country is highly likely. we report a case of denv infection in lebanon diagnosed in april 2012 in a patient with no prior travel history. the patient presente ...201831851640
[applications of the crispr/cas9 system in insects].the crispr/cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/crispr-associated) system guides cas9 to specific genomic locations by a short rna search string. this technology enables the systematic interrogation of mammalian genome editing, repairing damaged genes, silencing harmful genes and improving quality traits. in recent years, with the introduction of the crispr/cas9 system for easy, fast and efficient genetic modification, it has been possible to conduct meaningful function ...201829704373
structural characterization of bacillus licheniformis dahb1 exopolysaccharide-antimicrobial potential and larvicidal activity on malaria and zika virus mosquito vectors.microbial polysaccharides produced by marine species play a key role in food and cosmetic industry, as they are nontoxic and biodegradable polymers. this investigation reports the isolation of exopolysaccharide from bacillus licheniformis dahb1 and its biomedical applications. bacillus licheniformis dahb1 exopolysaccharide (bl-eps) was extracted using the ethanol precipitation method and structurally characterized. ftir and 1h-nmr pointed out the presence of various functional groups and primary ...201829704178
host genotype and environment affect the trade-off between horizontal and vertical transmission of the parasite edhazardia aedis.if a parasite is able to transmit horizontally or vertically, which transmission mode will it choose? we investigated how the growth conditions and the genotype of the mosquito aedes aegypti affect the transmission mode of the parasite edhazardia aedis.201829699504
ammonia excretion in an osmoregulatory syncytium is facilitated by aeamt2, a novel ammonia transporter in aedes aegypti larvae.the larvae of the mosquito aedes aegypti inhabit ammonia rich septic tanks in tropical regions of the world that make extensive use of these systems, explaining the prevalence of disease during dry seasons. since ammonia (nh3/[formula: see text]) is toxic to animals, an understanding of the physiological mechanisms of ammonia excretion permitting the survival of a. aegypti larvae in high ammonia environments is important. we have characterized a novel ammonia transporter, aeamt2, belonging to th ...201829695971
a chikungunya virus trans-replicase system reveals the importance of delayed nonstructural polyprotein processing for efficient replication complex formation in mosquito cells.chikungunya virus (chikv) is a medically important alphavirus that is transmitted by aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes. the viral replicase complex consists of four nonstructural proteins (nsps) expressed as a polyprotein precursor and encompasses all enzymatic activities required for viral rna replication. nsps interact with host components of which most are still poorly understood, especially in mosquitos. a chikv trans-replicase system that allows the uncoupling of rna replication ...201829695432
effects of desiccation stress on adult female longevity in aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus (diptera: culicidae): results of a systematic review and pooled survival analysis.transmission dynamics of mosquito-borne viruses such as dengue, zika and chikungunya are affected by the longevity of the adult female mosquito. environmental conditions influence the survival of adult female aedes mosquitoes, the primary vectors of these viruses. while the association of temperature with aedes mortality has been relatively well-explored, the role of humidity is less established. the current study's goals were to compile knowledge of the influence of humidity on adult survival i ...201829695282
dna barcoding of morphologically characterized mosquitoes belonging to the subfamily culicinae from sri lanka.vectors of mosquito-borne diseases in sri lanka, except for malaria, belong to the subfamily culicinae, which includes nearly 84% of the mosquito fauna of the country. hence, accurate and precise species identification of culicine mosquitoes is a crucial factor in implementing effective vector control strategies. during the present study, a combined effort using morphology and dna barcoding was made to characterize mosquitoes of the subfamily culicinae for the first time from nine districts of s ...201829695263
characterization of a western pacific zika virus strain in australian aedes aegypti.zika virus (zikv) is a globally emerging arbovirus responsible for widespread epidemics in the western pacific, the americas, and asia. the virus predominately circulates in urban transmission cycles between aedes aegypti and humans. australia is considered at risk to outbreaks of zikv due to the presence of a. aegypti populations in northern areas of the state of queensland. furthermore, close proximity to epidemic regions has led to almost 50% of imported cases reported since 2012 originating ...201829694294
neurotropism and behavioral changes associated with zika infection in the vector aedes aegypti.understanding zika virus infection dynamics is essential, as its recent emergence revealed possible devastating neuropathologies in humans, thus causing a major threat to public health worldwide. recent research allowed breakthrough in our understanding of the virus and host pathogenesis; however, little is known on its impact on its main vector, aedes aegypti. here we show how zika virus targets aedes aegypti's neurons and induces changes in its behavior. results are compared to dengue virus, a ...201829691362
dengue virus infection induces chromatin remodeling at locus aael006536 in the midgut of aedes aegypti.to identify and characterize aedes aegypti's aael006536 gene proximal upstream cis-regulatory sequences activated by dengue virus infection.201829689655
association of dengue fever with aedes spp. abundance and climatological effects.to analyze the association of dengue fever incidence with aedes mosquito's abundance, and the effect of climatological and geographical variables, in a region in morelos state, mexico.201829689652
the redox-sensing gene nrf2 affects intestinal homeostasis, insecticide resistance, and zika virus susceptibility in the mosquito aedes aegypti.production and degradation of reactive oxygen species (ros) are extensively regulated to ensure proper cellular responses to various environmental stimuli and stresses. moreover, physiologically generated ros function as secondary messengers that can influence tissue homeostasis. the cap'n'collar transcription factor known as nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2 (nrf2) coordinates an evolutionarily conserved transcriptional activation pathway that mediates antioxidant and detoxification res ...201829685890
dispersion and oviposition of aedes albopictus in a brazilian slum: initial evidence of asian tiger mosquito domiciliation in urban environments.aedes albopictus, originally considered as a secondary vector for arbovirus transmission, especially in areas where this species co-exist with aedes aegypti, has been described in most regions of the world. dispersion and domiciliation of ae. albopictus in a complex of densely urbanized slums in rio de janeiro, southeastern brazil, was evidenced. in this study, we tested the hypotheses that 1) ae. albopictus distribution in urban slums is negatively related to distance from vegetation, and 2) th ...201829684029
entomopathogenic fungal infection leads to temporospatial modulation of the mosquito immune system.alternative methods of mosquito control are needed to tackle the rising burden of mosquito-borne diseases while minimizing the use of synthetic insecticides, which are threatened by the rapid increase in insecticide resistance in mosquito populations. fungal biopesticides show great promise as potential alternatives because of their ecofriendly nature and ability to infect mosquitoes on contact. here we describe the temporospatial interactions between the mosquito aedes aegypti and several entom ...201829684026
dengue fever and aedes aegypti in indigenous brazilians: seroprevalence, risk factors, knowledge and practices.dengue remains an important public health problem in brazil. we estimated the associated factors of dengue seroprevalence among native indians of the tremembé ethnic and their knowledge about the aspects related to the presence of mosquitoes of the genus aedes.201829673030
susceptibility status and resistance mechanisms in permethrin-selected, laboratory susceptible and field-collected aedes aegypti from malaysia.this study is intended to provide a comprehensive characterization of the resistance mechanisms in the permethrin-selected (imr-pss) and laboratory susceptible (imr-ls) aedes aegypti strain from malaysia. both imr-pss and imr-ls provide a standard model for use in assessing the pyrethroid resistance in field-collected strains collected from three dengue hotspots: the taman seri bayu (tsb), the flat camar (fc), and the taman dahlia (td). two established methods for determining the resistance mech ...201829670071
locomotor activity in males of aedes aegypti can shift in response to females' presence.the study of physiological and behavioral traits of mosquito vectors has been of growing relevance for the proposition of alternative methods for controlling vector-borne diseases. despite this, most studies focus on the female's traits, including the behavior of host seeking, the physiology of disease transmission and the site-choice for oviposition. however, understanding the factors that lead to males' reproductive success is of utmost importance, since it can help building new strategies for ...201829669591
evaluation of standard field and laboratory methods to compare protection times of the topical repellents pmd and deet.mosquitoes are important vectors of pathogens, and travellers to disease endemic countries are advised to avoid bites by applying topical repellents. topical repellents are typically tested either in the arm-in-cage (aic) test under laboratory conditions or in the field, but not often under both conditions. we, therefore, investigated how two topical repellents, 15% para-menthane-3,8-diol (pmd) and 15% n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) compare against each other both in the aic test against t ...201830135603
experimental evaluation of the impact of household aerosolized insecticides on pyrethroid resistant aedes aegypti.the extensive reliance on insecticides to control aedes aegypti mosquitoes and disrupt transmission of dengue, chikungunya and zika has fueled the emergence of widespread resistance to insecticides. mismatch between the frequency of pyrethroid resistance in mosquitoes and the occurrence of pyrethroid-based insecticide applications for vector control is often hypothesized to be due to household use of commercial insecticide products. we experimentally quantified phenotypic and genotypic responses ...201830135460
differential transmission of antiviral drug-resistant chikungunya viruses by aedes mosquitoes.the chikungunya virus (chikv) is transmitted by female aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes, mostly present in (sub)tropical regions. no antivirals are available to treat chikv infections. if antiviral drugs are proven efficient to treat chikv-infected patients, it will be pivotal to determine whether drug-resistant viruses can be transmitted from one human to another by their mosquito vectors. we orally infected aedes aegypti mosquitoes with a blood meal containing wild-type or drug-re ...201830135220
study of aedes aegypti population with emphasis on the gonotrophic cycle length and identification of arboviruses: implications for vector management in cemeteries.aedes aegypti is the vector of the arboviruses causing dengue, chikungunya and zika infections in mexico. however, its presence in public places has not been fully evaluated. in a cemetery from merida, yucatan, mexico, the productivity of ae. aegypti, the gonotrophic cycle, and the presence of ae. aegypti females infected with arboviruses were evaluated. immature and adult mosquitoes were inspected every two months between april 2016 to june 2017. for the gonotrophic cycle length, the daily patt ...201830133604
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