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larvicidal activity of blumea eriantha essential oil and its components against six mosquito species, including zika virus vectors: the promising potential of (4e,6z)-allo-ocimene, carvotanacetone and dodecyl acetate.the effective and environmentally sustainable control of mosquitoes is a challenge of essential importance. this is due to the fact that some invasive mosquitoes, with special reference to the aedes genus, are particularly difficult to control, due to their high ecological plasticity. moreover, the indiscriminate overuse of synthetic insecticides resulted in undesirable effects on human health and non-target organisms, as well as resistance development in targeted vectors. here, the leaf essenti ...201728168560
evaluation of larvicidal activity and ecotoxicity of linalool, methyl cinnamate and methyl cinnamate/linalool in combination against aedes aegypti.the frequent use of synthetic pesticides to control aedes aegypti population can lead to environmental and/or human contamination and the emergence of resistant insects. linalool and methyl cinnamate are presented as an alternative to the synthetic pesticides, since they can exhibit larvicidal, repellent and/or insecticidal activity and are considered safe for use. the aim of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of methyl cinnamate, linalool and methyl cinnamate/linalool in combina ...201728152405
collective behavior quantification on human odor effects against female aedes aegypti mosquitoes-open source development.classifying and quantifying mosquito activity includes a plethora of categories, ranging from measuring flight speeds, repellency, feeding rates, and specific behaviors such as home entry, swooping and resting, among others. entomologists have been progressing more toward using machine vision for efficiency for this endeavor. digital methods have been used to study the behavior of insects in labs, for instance via three-dimensional tracking with specialized cameras to observe the reaction of mos ...201728152031
molecular characterization and expression analysis of p38 mapk gene and protein in aquatic midge, chironomus riparius (diptera: chironomidae), exposed to environmental contaminants.p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk), an important signaling protein involved in various cellular processes, including stress responses, has been well characterized in model organisms. p38 has been identified in a number of insects, including the genus drosophila; however, its homologue in chironomus riparius has not yet been identified. in this study, we identified and characterized p38 mapk (crp38) gene in c. riparius using a transcriptome database that was previously generated 454 gs-f ...201728144697
toxicological evaluation of essential oil from the leaves of croton argyrophyllus (euphorbiaceae) on aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) and mus musculus (rodentia: muridae).plant-derived essential oils can be used as insecticides for vector control. however, to establish their safety, it is necessary to perform toxicological studies. herein, we evaluated the chemical composition and insecticidal activity of the essential oil from the leaves of croton argyrophyllus on the third- and fourth-instar larvae and adult aedes aegypti (l., 1762). we also evaluated the acute toxicity of the essential oil in adult female mus musculus the lethal concentration 50 (lc50) and 90 ...201728132021
[aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in bromeliads grown in the bauru municipal botanical gardens, são paulo, brazil].the aim of this study was to observe the occurrence of mosquito larvae, especially aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, in the tanks and axillae of bromeliads at the bauru municipal botanical gardens, são paulo, brazil, highlighting the epidemiological implications for the use of these plants. the majority of the larvae belonged to mosquitos from genus culex, with only occasional findings of a. aegypti and a. albopictus. the use of screens for protection of the plants, exposure to sunlight, and l ...201728125119
malpighian tubules as novel targets for mosquito control.the malpighian tubules and hindgut are the renal excretory tissues of mosquitoes; they are essential to maintaining hemolymph water and solute homeostasis. moreover, they make important contributions to detoxifying metabolic wastes and xenobiotics in the hemolymph. we have focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms of malpighian tubule function in adult female mosquitoes and developing chemical tools as prototypes for next-generation mosquitocides that would act via a novel mechanism of act ...201728125032
new pesticidal diterpenoids from vellozia gigantea (velloziaceae), an endemic neotropical plant living in the endangered brazilian biome rupestrian grasslands.vellozia gigantea is a rare, ancient, and endemic neotropical plant present in the brazilian rupestrian grasslands. the dichloromethane extract of v. gigantea adventitious roots was phytotoxic against lactuca sativa, agrostis stolonifera, and lemna paucicostata, and showed larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti. phytotoxicity bioassay-directed fractionation of the extract revealed one new isopimaradiene, 8(9),15-isopimaradien-1,3,7,11-tetraone, and three new cleistanthane diterpenoids, 7-oxo- ...201728117710
histone-derived pirna biogenesis depends on the ping-pong partners piwi5 and ago3 in aedes aegypti.the pirna pathway is of key importance in controlling transposable elements in most animal species. in the vector mosquito aedes aegypti, the presence of eight piwi proteins and the accumulation of viral pirnas upon arbovirus infection suggest additional functions of the pirna pathway beyond genome defense. to better understand the regulatory potential of this pathway, we analyzed in detail host-derived pirnas in a. aegypti aag2 cells. we show that a large repertoire of protein-coding genes and ...201728115625
pyrethroid resistance in malaysian populations of dengue vector aedes aegypti is mediated by cyp9 family of cytochrome p450 genes.dengue control and prevention rely heavily on insecticide-based interventions. however, insecticide resistance in the dengue vector aedes aegypti, threatens the continued effectiveness of these tools. the molecular basis of the resistance remains uncharacterised in many endemic countries including malaysia, preventing the design of evidence-based resistance management. here, we investigated the underlying molecular basis of multiple insecticide resistance in ae. aegypti populations across malays ...201728114328
first report of stegomyia aegypti (= aedes aegypti) in mexico city, mexico.stegomyia aegypti (= aedes aegypti) (diptera: culicidae) is a species of mosquito that is currently widespread in mexico. historically, the mosquito has been distributed across most tropical and subtropical areas lower than 1700 m a.s.l. currently, populations that are found at higher altitudes in regions with cold and dry climates suggest that these conditions do not limit the colonization and population growth of s. aegypti. during a survey of mosquitoes in september 2015, larvae of s. aegypti ...201728106260
proteomics informed by transcriptomics for characterising active transposable elements and genome annotation in aedes aegypti.aedes aegypti is a vector for the (re-)emerging human pathogens dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever and zika viruses. almost half of the ae. aegypti genome is comprised of transposable elements (tes). transposons have been linked to diverse cellular processes, including the establishment of viral persistence in insects, an essential step in the transmission of vector-borne viruses. however, up until now it has not been possible to study the overall proteome derived from an organism's mobile geneti ...201728103802
mitigating diseases transmitted by aedes mosquitoes: a cluster-randomised trial of permethrin-impregnated school uniforms.viral diseases transmitted via aedes mosquitoes are on the rise, such as zika, dengue, and chikungunya. novel tools to mitigate aedes mosquitoes-transmitted diseases are urgently needed. we tested whether commercially insecticide-impregnated school uniforms can reduce dengue incidence in school children.201728103255
ecotoxicological effects of larvicide used in the control of aedes aegypti on nontarget organisms: redefining the use of pyriproxyfen.the continued widespread use of larvicides in aedes aegypti control programs is still a necessary strategy, since there are no apparent efficient vaccines against arboviruses. however, chemical approaches may affect nontarget organisms and produce detrimental effects to environmental health. therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct toxicity testing for pyriproxyfen at different concentrations using daphnia magna and artemia salina as model organisms to evaluate the ecotoxicological parame ...201728095184
excito-repellency of citrus hystrix dc leaf and peel essential oils against aedes aegypti and anopheles minimus (diptera: culicidae), vectors of human pathogens.the essential oils of kaffir lime (citrus hystrix dc.) at four different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0% v/v) were studied for their repellency, excitation, and knockdown properties against laboratory strains of aedes aegypti (l.) and anopheles minimus theobald using an excito-repellency test system. both contact and noncontact escape responses to leaf- and peel-derived kaffir lime oils were observed. comparing unadjusted escape responses for an. minimus, leaf oil had strong combined irr ...201728082646
toxicity and larvicidal activity of podophyllum-based lignans against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae) is a mosquito species that has adapted to urban environments and is the main vector of dengue viruses. because of the increasing incidence of dengue, a more environmentally acceptable insecticide needs to be found. natural products have been and continue to be an important source of leading compounds that can be modified in order to develop new drugs. the lignan family of natural products includes compounds with a diverse spectrum of biological activity. pod ...201728082643
evaluation of clove oil, icaridin, and transfluthrin for spatial repellent effects in three tests systems against the aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).one essential oil (clove oil), one skin repellent (icaridin), and one insecticide (transfluthrin) were tested for spatial repellent effects against non-blood-fed female aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes. the compounds were tested in acetone dilution series using a y-olfactometer, a double cage system, and a double room system. all compounds exhibited spatial repellent effects at certain concentrations. clove oil required relative high dosages to cause high effects (y-olfactometer 6 mg, double cage 6 ...201728082642
egg hatching and survival of immature stages of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) under natural temperature conditions during the cold season in buenos aires, argentina.in temperate regions, the seasonal dynamics of aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) is mainly influenced by temperature. it is assumed that, during the winter season, the population remains as eggs and that the development and population growth of surviving eggs begin during the following spring. the aim of the current study was to assess egg hatching of ae. aegypti during the winter in buenos aires city (argentina), and analyze the survival of immature stages. the experiments consisted of im ...201728082637
learning in mosquito larvae (aedes aegypti): habituation to a visual danger signal.in spite of the mosquito aedes aegypti being a vector of several infectious diseases, a limited number of studies has been undertaken on learning in this species. moreover, larval stages have been neglected as model organisms, although they are active, aquatic and perform stereotyped behavioural responses, e.g. the escape response when disturbed. to study the learning abilities of mosquito larvae, we focused on habituation, a form of non-associative learning widely studied in vertebrates and inv ...201728077263
rna interference for mosquito and mosquito-borne disease control.rna interference (rnai) is a powerful tool to silence endogenous mosquito and mosquito-borne pathogen genes in vivo. as the number of studies utilizing rnai in basic research grows, so too does the arsenal of physiological targets that can be developed into products that interrupt mosquito life cycles and behaviors and, thereby, relieve the burden of mosquitoes on human health and well-being. as this technology becomes more viable for use in beneficial and pest insect management in agricultural ...201728067782
the antiviral rnai response in vector and non-vector cells against orthobunyaviruses.vector arthropods control arbovirus replication and spread through antiviral innate immune responses including rna interference (rnai) pathways. arbovirus infections have been shown to induce the exogenous small interfering rna (sirna) and piwi-interacting rna (pirna) pathways, but direct antiviral activity by these host responses in mosquito cells has only been demonstrated against a limited number of positive-strand rna arboviruses. for bunyaviruses in general, the relative contribution of sma ...201728060823
bombyx mori and aedes aegypti form multi-functional immune complexes that integrate pattern recognition, melanization, coagulants, and hemocyte recruitment.the innate immune system of insects responds to wounding and pathogens by mobilizing multiple pathways that provide both systemic and localized protection. key localized responses in hemolymph include melanization, coagulation, and hemocyte encapsulation, which synergistically seal wounds and envelop and destroy pathogens. to be effective, these pathways require a targeted deposition of their components to provide protection without compromising the host. extensive research has identified a larg ...201728199361
meteorological variables and mosquito monitoring are good predictors for infestation trends of aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue, chikungunya and zika.aedes aegypti is an important vector for arboviroses and widely distributed throughout the world. climatic factors can influence vector population dynamics and, consequently, disease transmission. the aim of this study was to characterize the temporal dynamics of an ae. aegypti population and dengue cases and to investigate the relationship between meteorological variables and mosquito infestation.201728193291
prevalence of dengue and diversity of cultivable bacteria in vector aedes aegypti (l.) from two dengue endemic districts, kanchanpur and parsa of nepal.dengue fever, an endemic arboviral disease, represents one of the major public health concerns in nepal. it is transmitted by bites of infected aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, the former being primary vector. the bacterial community plays a significant role in biology of mosquitoes; however, the bacterial communities of primary vector a. aegypti remain unstudied in nepal. the study was designed to determine the rate of dengue seropositivity and to explore the bacterial diversity of a. aegypt ...201728193261
leptolegnia chapmanii (straminipila: peronosporomycetes) as a future biorational tool for the control of aedes aegypti (l.).the aim of the present review is to summarize the current knowledge about leptolegnia chapmanii as a pathogen of mosquito larvae. to this end, we present data on its identification, distribution, host range and effects on non-target organisms, effects of environmental factors, in vitro growth, release and persistence in anthropic environments, and effect combined with other insecticides. the data presented allow confirming its potential as a biocontrol agent.201728188766
zika and chikungunya: mosquito-borne viruses in a changing world.the reemergence and growing burden of mosquito-borne virus infections have incited public fear and growing research efforts to understand the mechanisms of infection-associated health outcomes and to provide better approaches for mosquito vector control. while efforts to develop therapeutics, vaccines, and novel genetic mosquito-control technologies are underway, many important underlying ecological questions remain that could significantly enhance our understanding and ability to predict and pr ...201728187236
aedes aegypti larvicidal sesquiterpene alkaloids from maytenus oblongata.four new sesquiterpene alkaloids (1-4) with a β-dihydroagrofuran skeleton and a new triterpenoid (5) were isolated from an ethyl acetate extract of maytenus oblongata stems. their structures were elucidated using 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopy as well as ms and ecd experiments. the m. oblongata stem etoac extract and the pure compounds isolated were tested for larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions, and compounds 2 and 3 were found to be active.201728186749
single molecule rna sequencing uncovers trans-splicing and improves annotations in anopheles stephensi.single molecule real-time (smrt) sequencing has recently been used to obtain full-length cdna sequences that improve genome annotation and reveal rna isoforms. here, we used one such method called isoform sequencing from pacific biosciences (pacbio) to sequence a cdna library from the asian malaria mosquito anopheles stephensi. more than 600 000 full-length cdnas, referred to as reads of insert, were identified. owing to the inherently high error rate of pacbio sequencing, we tested different ap ...201728181326
xanthine dehydrogenase-1 silencing in aedes aegypti mosquitoes promotes a blood feeding-induced adulticidal activity.aedesaegypti has 2 genes encoding xanthine dehydrogenase (xdh). we analyzed xdh1 and xdh2 gene expression by real-time quantitative pcr in tissues from sugar- and blood-fed females. differential xdh1 and xdh2 gene expression was observed in tissues dissected throughout a time course. we next exposed females to blood meals supplemented with allopurinol, a well-characterized xdh inhibitor. we also tested the effects of injecting double-stranded rna (dsrna) against xdh1, xdh2, or both. disruption o ...201728179423
mosquitocidal activity and mode of action of the isoxazoline fluralaner.mosquitoes, such as aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae, are important vectors of human diseases. fluralaner, a recently introduced parasiticide, was evaluated as a mosquitocide in this study. on ae. aegypti and an. gambiae fourth-instar larvae, fluralaner had 24-h lc50 (lethal concentration for 50% mortality) values of 1.8 ppb and 0.4 ppb, respectively. following topical application to adult ae. aegypti, fluralaner toxicity reached a plateau in about 3 days, with 1- and 3-day ld50 (lethal dose ...201728178191
sweet waste extract uptake by a mosquito vector: survival, biting, fecundity responses, and potential epidemiological significance.in nature, adult mosquitoes typically utilize nectar as their main energy source, but they can switch to other as yet unidentified sugary fluids. contemporary lifestyles, with their associated unwillingness to consume leftovers and improper disposal of waste, have resulted in the disposal of huge amounts of waste into the environment. such refuse often contains unfinished food items, many of which contain sugar and some of which can collect water from rain and generate juices. despite evidence t ...201728174057
reducing biting rates of aedes aegypti with metofluthrin: investigations in time and space.indoor residual spraying is key to dengue control in cairns and other parts of northern queensland, australia, where aedes aegypti is prevalent, but the strategy faces challenges with regards to slow application time and, therefore, community coverage. a faster potential improvement might be the use of polyethylene netting impregnated with the volatile pyrethroid metofluthrin (sumione™). this formulation was assessed in rooms in three houses in cairns, australia. one emanator was placed in each ...201728173824
modeling the flux of metabolites in the juvenile hormone biosynthesis pathway using generalized additive models and ordinary differential equations.juvenile hormone (jh) regulates development and reproductive maturation in insects. the corpora allata (ca) from female adult mosquitoes synthesize fluctuating levels of jh, which have been linked to the ovarian development and are influenced by nutritional signals. the rate of jh biosynthesis is controlled by the rate of flux of isoprenoids in the pathway, which is the outcome of a complex interplay of changes in precursor pools and enzyme levels. a comprehensive study of the changes in enzymat ...201728158248
wingbeat frequency-sweep and visual stimuli for trapping male aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).combinations of female wingbeat acoustic cues and visual cues were evaluated to determine their potential for use in male aedes aegypti (l.) traps in peridomestic environments. a modified centers for disease control (cdc) light trap using a 350-500 hz frequency-sweep broadcast from a speaker as an acoustic stimulus, combined with a black poster-board half-cylinder behind the trap as a visual stimulus, captured a significantly greater proportion of males in a laboratory arena during daylight than ...201728399312
effect of temperature thresholds on modeled aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) population dynamics.dynamic simulation models provide vector abundance estimates using only meteorological data. however, model outcomes may heavily depend on the assumptions used to parameterize them. we conducted a sensitivity analysis for a model of aedes aegypti (l.) abundance using weather data from two locations where this vector is established, la margarita, puerto rico and tucson, arizona. we tested the effect of simplifying temperature-dependent development and mortality rates and of changing development a ...201728399306
factors of concern regarding zika and other aedes aegypti-transmitted viruses in the united states.the recent explosive outbreaks of zika and chikungunya throughout the americas has raised concerns about the threats that these and similar diseases may pose to the united states (u.s.). the commonly accepted association between tropical climates and the endemicity of these diseases has led to concerns about the possibility of their redistribution due to climate change and transmission arising from cases imported from endemic regions initiating outbreaks in the united states. while such possibil ...201728399294
repellent and larvicidal activity of the essential oil from eucalyptus nitens against aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae).dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever are important vector-borne diseases transmitted by female mosquitoes when they feed on humans. the use of repellents based on natural products is an alternative for personal protection against these diseases. application of chemicals with larvicidal activity is another strategy for controlling the mosquito population. the repellent and larvicidal activities of the essential oil from eucalyptus nitens were tested against aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, th ...201728399283
transcriptional profile for detoxification enzymes aeaggt1 and aaeggt2 from aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in response to larvicides.aedes aegypti (l.) is the vector responsible for transmitting dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and zika viruses, as well as other pathogens. microbial larvicides based on bacillus thuringiensis berliner israelensis (bti) and saccharopolyspora spinosa mertz and yao, such as vectobac 12as and natular 2ec, have been shown to be effective in reducing larval populations of ae. aegypti. we examined the gene expression of two detoxification enzymes, glucosyl and glucuronosyl transferases (aaeggt1 and ...201728399278
detection and establishment of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) mosquitoes in california, 2011-2015.in 2011, a thriving population of aedes albopictus (skuse), the asian tiger mosquito, was discovered within three cities in los angeles county over an estimated 52-km2 urban area. two years later in 2013, aedes aegypti (l.), the yellow fever mosquito, was detected within several urban areas of madera, fresno, and san mateo counties. state and local vector control agencies responded with an aggressive effort to eradicate or interrupt the spread of these two invasive mosquitoes; however, known pop ...201728399270
ecological niche model for predicting distribution of disease-vector mosquitoes in yucatán state, méxico.the majority of the yucatán state, méxico, presents subtropical climate that is suitable for many species of mosquitoes that are known to be vectors of diseases, including those from the genera aedes and culex. the objective of this study is to identify the geographic distribution of five species from these two genera and estimate the human population at risk of coming in contact with them. we compiled distributional data for aedes aegypti (l.), aedes (howardina) cozumelensis (diaz najera), cule ...201728399263
emergent and reemergent arboviruses in south america and the caribbean: why so many and why now?several arboviruses have emerged and/or reemerged in the new world in the past decades. zika and chikungunya viruses, formerly restricted to africa and perhaps asia, invaded the continent, causing great concern. dengue virus outbreaks have continued to occur in almost all countries, with millions of cases per year. west nile virus rapidly invaded north america, and now cases have been found in central and south america. other arboviruses, such as mayaro and eastern equine encephalitis viruses, h ...201728399216
eleutherococcus senticosus (araliaceae) leaf morpho-anatomy, essential oil composition, and its biological activity against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).the roots of eleutherococcus senticosus (rupr. & maxim.) maxim., a well-known medicinal plant from eastern asia, are used worldwide for their known beneficial medicinal properties. recently, the leaves have been used as an alternative to the roots. the present study was aimed at exploring the leaf essential oil as a potential source of compounds for mosquito management. gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of the leaf essential oil revealed 87 compounds, constituting 95.2% of the oil. α ...201728399215
a video-tracking analysis-based behavioral assay for larvae of anopheles pseudopunctipennis and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae).aedes aegypti (l.) is the primary vector of dengue, yellow fever, zika, and chikungunya viruses, whereas anopheles pseudopunctipennis (theobald) is the principal vector for malaria in latin america. the larval stage of these mosquitoes occurs in very different development habitats, and the study of their respective behaviors could give us valuable information to improve larval control. the aim of this study was to set up a bioassay to study basic larval behaviors using a video-tracking software. ...201728399206
differential pathogenicity of metarhizium blastospores and conidia against larvae of three mosquito species.biorational insecticides are being increasingly used in integrated pest management programs. in laboratory bioassays, the pathogenicity of blastospores and conidia of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium brunneum arsef 4556 was evaluated against larvae of three mosquito species. three propagule concentrations (1 × 106, 1 × 107, and 1 × 108 spores ml - 1) were used in the bioassays. results showed that aedes aegypti had lower survival rates when exposed to blastospores than when exposed to con ...201728399202
epidemiological characteristics of dengue disease in latin america and in the caribbean: a systematic review of the literature.dengue, an important mosquito-borne virus transmitted mainly by aedes aegypti, is a major public health issue in latin america and the caribbean. national epidemiological surveillance systems, usually based on passive detection of symptomatic cases, while underestimating the true burden of dengue disease, can provide valuable insight into disease trends and excess reporting and potential outbreaks. we carried out a systematic review of the literature to characterize the recent epidemiology of de ...201728392806
fabrication of highly effective mosquito nanolarvicides using an asian plant of ethno-pharmacological interest, priyangu (aglaia elaeagnoidea): toxicity on non-target mosquito natural enemies.mosquitoes threaten the lives of humans, livestock, pets and wildlife around the globe, due to their ability to vector devastating diseases. aglaia elaeagnoidea, commonly known as priyangu, is widely employed in asian traditional medicine and pest control. medicinal activities include anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticancer, and anesthetic actions. flavaglines, six cyclopenta[b]benzofurans, a cyclopenta[bc]benzopyran, a benzo[b]oxepine, and an aromatic butyrolactone showed antifungal properties ...201728390026
insecticidal and repellent activity of several plant-derived essential oils against aedes aegypti.we examined the pupicidal, adulticidal, repellent, and oviposition-deterrent activities of essential oils (eos) from lippia alba, l. origanoides, eucalyptus citriodora, cymbopogon citratus, cymbopogon flexuosus, citrus sinensis , cananga odorata , swinglea glutinosa, and tagetes lucida plants against aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions. pupicidal and adulticidal activities were assessed at exploratory concentrations of 250, 310, and 390 parts per million (ppm); and 30, 300, and 1,000 ppm, ...201728388322
in the hunt for genomic markers of metabolic resistance to pyrethroids in the mosquito aedes aegypti: an integrated next-generation sequencing approach.the capacity of aedes mosquitoes to resist chemical insecticides threatens the control of major arbovirus diseases worldwide. until alternative control tools are widely deployed, monitoring insecticide resistance levels and identifying resistance mechanisms in field mosquito populations is crucial for implementing appropriate management strategies. metabolic resistance to pyrethroids is common in aedes aegypti but the monitoring of the dynamics of resistant alleles is impeded by the lack of robu ...201728379969
effects of socio-demographic characteristics and household water management on aedes aegypti production in suburban and rural villages in laos and thailand.dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease accounting for 50-100 million annual cases globally. laos and thailand are countries in south-east asia where the disease is endemic in both urban and rural areas. household water storage containers, which are favourable breeding sites for dengue mosquitoes, are common in these areas, due to intermittent or limited access to water supply. this study assessed the effect of household water management and socio-demographic risk factors on aedes aegypti infes ...201728376893
new insights into the in vitro development and virulence of culicinomyces spp. as fungal pathogens of aedes aegypti.culicinomyces spp. (hypocreales: cordycipitaceae) are facultative fungal pathogens affecting the larval stages from a range of mosquito species and are especially notable in their ability to infect hosts through the digestive tract after conidial ingestion. while culicinomyces spp. were studied mainly in the 1980s, little is yet known about inter- and intraspecific variability of the in vitro development of these fungi at different temperatures, and nothing is known about the impact of serial ho ...201728372997
evolutionary origin and function of nox4-art, an arthropod specific nadph oxidase.nadph oxidases (nox) are ros producing enzymes that perform essential roles in cell physiology, including cell signaling and antimicrobial defense. this gene family is present in most eukaryotes, suggesting a common ancestor. to date, only a limited number of phylogenetic studies of metazoan noxes have been performed, with few arthropod genes. in arthropods, only nox5 and duox genes have been found and a gene called noxm was found in mosquitoes but its origin and function has not been examined. ...201728356077
larvicidal activity of ottonia anisum metabolites against aedes aegypti: a potential natural alternative source for mosquito vector control in brazil.aedes aegypti mosquito is the principal vector of the viruses responsible for urban yellow fever, dengue, dengue haemorrhagic fever, as well as zika and chikungunya in brazil. the present study was aimed to investigate the insecticidal potential of the extract and fractions of ottonia anisum, along with special metabolites isolated from it, as natural alternatives against larvae (l3) of ae. aegypti, vector of potentially deadly tropical infections in brazil.201728352047
combined target site (kdr) mutations play a primary role in highly pyrethroid resistant phenotypes of aedes aegypti from saudi arabia.pyrethroid resistance is a threat to effective vector control of aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue, zika and other arboviruses, but there are many major knowledge gaps on the mechanisms of resistance. in jeddah and makkah, the principal dengue-endemic areas of saudi arabia, pyrethroids are used widely for ae. aegypti control but information about resistance remains sparse, and the underlying genetic basis is unknown. findings from an ongoing study in this internationally significant area are r ...201728347352
first report of the phe1534cys kdr mutation in natural populations of aedes albopictus from brazil.knockdown resistance (kdr), caused by alterations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (nav), is one of the mechanisms responsible for pyrethroid (py) resistance. in the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus, at least four different mutations were described in the iiis6 nav segment in populations from asia, north america and europe. in contrast, in aedes aegypti at least 12 non-synonymous mutations have been reported at nine different codons, mostly in the iis6 and iiis6 nav segments. the phe153 ...201728347326
the toxicity of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors to larvae of the disease vectors aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae.the control of mosquitoes is threatened by the appearance of insecticide resistance and therefore new control chemicals are urgently required. here we show that inhibitors of mosquito peptidyl dipeptidase, a peptidase related to mammalian angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace), are insecticidal to larvae of the mosquitoes, aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae. ace inhibitors (captopril, fosinopril and fosinoprilat) and two peptides (trypsin-modulating oostatic factor/tmof and a bradykinin-potentiati ...201728345667
novel synthesis of gold nanoparticles using artemisia vulgaris l. leaf extract and their efficacy of larvicidal activity against dengue fever vector aedes aegypti l.the aedes aegypti l. mosquito transmits dengue and yellow fever, which cause millions of death every year. dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has rapidly spread worldwide particularly in countries with tropical and subtropical climates areas. the present study denotes a simple and eco-friendly biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using artemisia vulgaris l. leaf extract as reducing agent. the synthesized gold nanoparticles were characterized by uv-visible spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction ...201728341392
rapid surveillance for vector presence (rsvp): development of a novel system for detecting aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus.the globally important zika, dengue and chikungunya viruses are primarily transmitted by the invasive mosquitoes, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. in australia, there is an increasing risk that these species may invade highly urbanized regions and trigger outbreaks. we describe the development of a rapid surveillance for vector presence (rsvp) system to expedite presence- absence surveys for both species.201728339458
de novo assembly of the aedes aegypti genome using hi-c yields chromosome-length scaffolds.the zika outbreak, spread by the aedes aegypti mosquito, highlights the need to create high-quality assemblies of large genomes in a rapid and cost-effective way. here we combine hi-c data with existing draft assemblies to generate chromosome-length scaffolds. we validate this method by assembling a human genome, de novo, from short reads alone (67× coverage). we then combine our method with draft sequences to create genome assemblies of the mosquito disease vectors aeaegypti and culex quinquefa ...201728336562
functional and nonfunctional forms of cquior91, an odorant selectivity subunit of culex quinquefasciatus.in culex quinquefasciatus, cquior91 is the ortholog of 2 larvae-specific odorant receptors (ors) from anopheles gambiae (agam\or40, previously shown to respond to several odorant ligands including the broad-spectrum repellent n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide, deet) and aedes aegypti (aaeg\or40). when we cloned full-length cquior91 from a culex quinquefasciatus larval head rna sample, we found 2 alleles of this or, differing at 9 residues. functional analysis using the xenopus oocyte expression syst ...201728334229
screening of wolbachia endosymbiont infection in aedes aegypti mosquitoes using attenuated total reflection mid-infrared spectroscopy.dengue fever is the most common mosquito transmitted viral infection afflicting humans, estimated to generate around 390 million infections each year in over 100 countries. the introduction of the endosymbiotic bacterium wolbachia into aedes aegypti mosquitoes has the potential to greatly reduce the public health burden of the disease. this approach requires extensive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) testing of the wolbachia-infection status of mosquitoes in areas where wolbachia-a. aegypti are r ...201728332822
retention of duplicated long-wavelength opsins in mosquito lineages by positive selection and differential expression.opsins are light sensitive receptors associated with visual processes. insects typically possess opsins that are stimulated by ultraviolet, short and long wavelength (lw) radiation. six putative lw-sensitive opsins predicted in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti and malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae, and eight in the southern house mosquito, culex quinquefasciatus, suggest gene expansion in the family culicidae (mosquitoes) relative to other insects. here we report the first detailed mol ...201728320313
frequency of aedes sp. linnaeus (diptera: culicidae) and associated entomofauna in bromeliads from a forest patch within a densely urbanized area.little is known about the relationship between the presence of aedes, abiotic factors and the entomofauna existing in phytotelmatas. the aim of this study was to identify biotic and abiotic factors associated with the presence of aedes in bromeliads sites located in a forest fragment in rio de janeiro, brazil. in the study area, eight bromeliads from the aechmea genus were chosen and kept in landscape form. physical and chemical variables were measured. collected aquatic insects were identified ...201728315189
a dynamic survival detection and analysis system for mosquito larvae viability in drug assays.bioinformatics studies have emerged in the domain of larval behavior analysis in recent years. a dynamic survival detection and analysis system for automatically monitoring a large amount of mosquito larvae in bioassays with multiwell plates by acquiring and processing videos is proposed in this article. in our system, equipment is designed for acquiring the video of the mosquito larvae in several multiwell plates simultaneously by a camera, and a video analysis module is developed for detecting ...201728314109
toxicity of spinosad to temephos-resistant aedes aegypti populations in brazil.the mosquito aedes aegypti is the primary vector of different arboviruses and represents a major public health problem. several brazilian populations of ae. aegypti have developed resistance to temephos, the most used organophosphate larvicide. new tools which are less harmful to the environment and safer for humans are becoming increasingly important to control this insect vector. spinosad, an aerobic fermentation product of a soil actinobacteria, has a favorable environmental profile. it prese ...201728301568
evaluation of reference genes at different developmental stages for quantitative real-time pcr in aedes aegypti.the mosquito aedes aegypti (ae. aegypti) is the most notorious vector of illness-causing viruses such as dengue, chikugunya, and zika. although numerous genetic expression studies utilizing quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) have been conducted with regards to ae. aegypti, a panel of genes to be used suitably as references for the purpose of expression-level normalization within this epidemiologically important insect is presently lacking. here, the usability of seven widely-utilized reference ge ...201728300076
longitudinal study of thai people media exposure, knowledge, and behavior on dengue fever prevention and control.dengue hemorrhagic fever is transmitted through a bite by a dengue -infected aedes aegypti mosquito. it was first reported in the mid -20th century in thailand, and since then its epidemiology has been of great concern and has spread all across the country. the alarming incidence of dengue posed a serious threat to human health in all major cities of thailand. this study was aimed at identifying the level of awareness of dengue fever in thai population knowledge for prevention and control, and m ...201728285970
repellency of the origanum onites l. essential oil and constituents to the lone star tick and yellow fever mosquito.the oregano, origanum onites l., essential oil (eo) was tested in laboratory behavioural bioassays for repellent activity against amblyomma americanum (l.) and aedes aegypti (l.). the o. onites eo was characterised using gc-fid and gc-ms. carvacrol (75.70%), linalool (9.0%), p-cymene (4.33%) and thymol (1.9%) were the most abundant compounds. at a concentration of 0.413 mg oil/cm(2) of filter paper, o. onites eo repelled 100% of the ticks tested and at 0.103 mg oil/cm(2) of filter paper, 66.7% o ...201728278656
mosquito-borne diseases and omics: salivary gland proteome of the female aedes aegypti mosquito.the female aedes aegypti mosquito is an important vector for several tropical and subtropical diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, and zika and yellow fever. the disease viruses infect the mosquito and subsequently spread to the salivary glands after which the viruses can be transmitted to humans with probing or feeding by the mosquito. omics systems sciences offer the opportunity to characterize vectors and can inform disease surveillance, vector control and development of innovative diagnosti ...201728271980
cre/lox-recombinase-mediated cassette exchange for reversible site-specific genomic targeting of the disease vector, aedes aegypti.site-specific genome modification (ssm) is an important tool for mosquito functional genomics and comparative gene expression studies, which contribute to a better understanding of mosquito biology and are thus a key to finding new strategies to eliminate vector-borne diseases. moreover, it allows for the creation of advanced transgenic strains for vector control programs. ssm circumvents the drawbacks of transposon-mediated transgenesis, where random transgene integration into the host genome r ...201728266580
chemicals isolated from justicia adhatoda linn reduce fitness of the mosquito, aedes aegypti l.extracts from justicia adhatoda l. (acanthaceae) strongly reduced the fitness of the mosquito, aedes aegypti linn. the methanolic extracts inhibited several enzymes responsible for protecting insects from oxidative and other damage, including glutathione-s-transferase, superoxide dismutase, cytochrome p450, and α- and β-esterases. they increased repellency (maximum repellency at 100 ppm) in host-seeking adult females using the "arm-in cage assay." histopathological examination showed the extract ...201728266058
comparative luciferase assay for establishing reliable in vitro screening system of juvenile hormone agonists.the cultured cell-based in vitro assay using the stringency of ligand-receptor interactions is typically useful for screening certain hormone agonists from among a very large number of molecules. however, ligands are frequently altered or modified through evolution; indeed, even in the same receptor orthologs, different ligand sensitivity profiles are considered to arise among species and/or taxa. such ligand transition has been observed in juvenile hormone (jh), one of the most important endocr ...201728261832
blood feeding status, gonotrophic cycle and survivorship of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) caught in churches from merida, yucatan, mexico.blood-feeding status, gonotrophic cycle, and survival rates of aedes (stegmyia) aegypti (l.) was investigated in catholic churches from merida, yucatan. female ae. aegypti were caught using backpack aspirator during 25 consecutive days in rainy (2015) and dry season (2016). blood-feeding status was determined by external examination of the abdomen and classified as unfed, fed, and gravid. daily changes in the parous-nulliparous ratio were recorded, and the gonotrophic cycle length was estimated ...201728258352
insecticide susceptibility status and major detoxifying enzymes' activity in aedes albopictus (skuse), vector of dengue and chikungunya in northern part of west bengal, india.mosquitoes belonging to aedes genus, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus transmit many globally important arboviruses including dengue (denv) and chikungunya (chikv). vector control with the use of insecticide remains the suitable method of choice to stop the transmission of these diseases. however, vector control throughout the world is failing to achieve its target results because of the worldwide development of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. to assess the insecticide susceptibility stat ...201728254583
a mesh-duox pathway regulates homeostasis in the insect gut.the metazoan gut harbours complex communities of commensal and symbiotic bacterial microorganisms. the quantity and quality of these microorganisms fluctuate dynamically in response to physiological changes. the mechanisms that hosts have developed to respond to and manage such dynamic changes and maintain homeostasis remain largely unknown. here, we identify a dual oxidase (duox)-regulating pathway that contributes to maintaining homeostasis in the gut of both aedes aegypti and drosophila melan ...201728248301
allergenome characterization of the mosquito aedes aegypti.saliva and muscle derived mosquito allergens have been purified and characterized. however, the complete set of allergens remains to be elucidated. in this study, we identified and characterized ige-binding proteins from the mosquito species a. aegypti.201728235135
characterization of carbonic anhydrase 9 in the alimentary canal of aedes aegypti and its relationship to homologous mosquito carbonic anhydrases.in the mosquito midgut, luminal ph regulation and cellular ion transport processes are important for the digestion of food and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. ph regulation in the mosquito gut is affected by the vectorial movement of the principal ions including bicarbonate/carbonate and protons. as in all metazoans, mosquitoes employ the product of aerobic metabolism carbon dioxide in its bicarbonate/carbonate form as one of the major buffers of cellular and extracellular ph. the conversio ...201728230813
relish2 mediates bursicon homodimer-induced prophylactic immunity in the mosquito aedes aegypti.bursicon is a neuropeptide hormone consisting of two cystine-knot proteins (burs α and burs β), responsible for cuticle tanning and other developmental processes in insects. recent studies show that each bursicon subunit forms homodimers that induce prophylactic immunity in drosophila melanogaster. here, we investigated the hypothesis that bursicon homodimers act in prophylactic immunity in insects, and possibly arthropods, generally, using the mosquito, aedes aegypti. we found that burs α and b ...201728225068
transcriptome-wide microrna and target dynamics in the fat body during the gonadotrophic cycle of aedes aegypti.the mosquito aedes aegypti is a major vector of numerous viral diseases, because it requires a blood meal to facilitate egg development. the fat body, a counterpart of mammalian liver and adipose tissues, is the metabolic center, playing a key role in reproduction. therefore, understanding of regulatory networks controlling its functions is critical, and the role of micrornas (mirnas) in the process is largely unknown. we aimed to explore mirna expression and potential targets in the female fat ...201728223504
regulation of antimicrobial peptides in aedes aegypti aag2 cells.antimicrobial peptides (amps) are an important group of immune effectors that play a role in combating microbial infections in invertebrates. most of the current information on the regulation of insect amps in microbial infection have been gained from drosophila, and their regulation in other insects are still not completely understood. here, we generated an amp induction profile in response to infections with some gram-negative, -positive bacteria, and fungi in aedes aegypti embryonic aag2 cell ...201728217557
comparative analysis of mosquito (diptera: culicidae: aedes aegypti liston) responses to the insecticide temephos and plant derived essential oil derived from piper betle l.resistance to treatments with temephos or plant derived oil, pb-cvo, between a field collected wild strain (ws) and a susceptible laboratory strain (ls) of ae. aegypti were measured. the temephos (0.1mg/l) showed the greatest percentage of mosquito mortality compared to pb-cvo (1.5mg/l) in ls ae. aegypti. however, ws ae. aegypti was not significantly affected by temephos (0.1mg/l) treatment compare to the pb-cvo (1.5mg/l). however, both strains (ls and ws) when treated with pb-cvo (1.5mg/l) disp ...201728213320
household dengue prevention interventions, expenditures, and barriers to aedes aegypti control in machala, ecuador.the aedes aegypti mosquito is an efficient vector for the transmission of zika, chikungunya, and dengue viruses, causing major epidemics and a significant social and economic burden throughout the tropics and subtropics. the primary means of preventing these diseases is household-level mosquito control. however, relatively little is known about the economic burden of ae. aegypti control in resource-limited communities. we surveyed residents from 40 households in a high-risk community at the urba ...201728212349
zika virus and neuroscience: the need for a translational collaboration.zika virus (zikv) has become a major challenge for scientists and health agencies. zikv's involvement with human fetal microcephaly and guillain-barré syndrome and its transmission through aedes africanus and aedes aegypti mosquitos highlighted the epidemiological and neurological risks associated to zikv infection. in 2013, zikv arrives in brazil but the first outbreak in the country was reported in 2015. here, we used the web of science as a search tool for comparing the evolution of world and ...201728185126
a heparin-functionalized carbon nanotube-based affinity biosensor for dengue virus.dengue virus is an arthropod-borne virus transmitted primarily by aedes mosquitos and is major cause of disease in tropical and subtropical regions. colloquially known as dengue fever, infection can cause hemorrhagic disorders and death in humans and non-human primates. we report a novel electronic biosensor based on a single-walled carbon nanotube network chemiresistive transducer that is functionalized with heparin for low-cost, label-free, ultra-sensitive, and rapid detection of whole dengue ...201728152487
dengue virus serotype 2 infection alters midgut and carcass gene expression in the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus.the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus is currently an important vector for dengue, chikungunya and zika virus, and its role in transmission of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) may increase in the future due to its ability to colonize temperate regions. in contrast to aedes aegypti, the dominant vector of dengue, chikungunya and zika virus, genetic responses of ae. albopictus upon infection with an arbovirus are not well characterized. here we present a study of the changes in transcrip ...201728152011
superinfection interference between dengue-2 and dengue-4 viruses in aedes aegypti mosquitoes.dengue virus consists of four antigenically distinct serotypes (denv 1-4) that are transmitted to humans by aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes. in many dengue-endemic regions, co-circulation of two or more denv serotypes is fairly common increasing the likelihood for exposure of the two vectors to multiple serotypes. we used a model system of denv-2 and denv-4 to investigate how prior exposure of aedes aegypti to one denv serotype affects its susceptibility to another serotype.201728150899
the transovarial transmission in the dynamics of dengue infection: epidemiological implications and thresholds.the anthropophilic and peridomestic female mosquito aedes aegypti bites humans to suck blood to maturate fertilized eggs, during which dengue virus can be spread between mosquito and human populations. besides this route of transmission, there is a possibility of dengue virus being passed directly to offspring through transovarial (or vertical) transmission. the effects of both horizontal and transovarial transmission routes on the dengue virus transmission are assessed by mathematical modeling. ...201728131789
recent advances in the identification of the host factors involved in dengue virus replication.dengue virus (denv) belongs to the genus flavivirus of the family flaviviridae and it is primarily transmitted via aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes. the life cycle of denv includes attachment, endocytosis, protein translation, rna synthesis, assembly, egress, and maturation. recent researches have indicated that a variety of host factors, including cellular proteins and micrornas, positively or negatively regulate the denv replication process. this review summarizes the latest findi ...201728124222
aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) longevity and differential emergence of dengue fever in two cities in sonora, mexico.dengue virus, primarily transmitted by the aedes aegypti (l.) mosquito, has rapidly expanded in geographic extent over the past several decades. in some areas, however, dengue fever has not emerged despite established ae. aegypti populations. the reasons for this are unclear and have sometimes been attributed to socio-economic differences. in 2013 we compared ae. aegypti adult density and population age structure between two cities in sonora, mexico: hermosillo, which has regular seasonal dengue ...201728082648
comparison of stable and transient wolbachia infection models in aedes aegypti to block dengue and west nile viruses.pathogen replication and transmission in wolbachia infected insects are currently studied using three wolbachia infection systems: naturally infected wolbachia hosts, hosts transinfected with wolbachia (stably maintained and inherited infections) and hosts transiently infected with wolbachia. all three systems have been used to test the effect of wolbachia on mosquito transmitted pathogens such as dengue virus (denv), west nile virus (wnv) and plasmodium. from these studies it is becoming increa ...201728052065
optimal control problems of mosquito-borne disease subject to changes in feeding behavior of aedes mosquitoes.dengue viruses (denv) are transmitted to humans by the bite of aedes mosquitoes. it is known that dengue virus infection in aedes aegypti female mosquitoes makes a change in the feeding behavior of the infected mosquitoes. in this study, using the forces of infection, we incorporated the effect of changes in the feeding behavior of mosquitoes into the standard vector-borne sir-si model. it has been proved that both a single-strain model and a two-strain model exhibit forward bifurcations. moreov ...201728385591
catalase protects aedes aegypti from oxidative stress and increases midgut infection prevalence of dengue but not zika.digestion of blood in the midgut of aedes aegypti results in the release of pro-oxidant molecules that can be toxic to the mosquito. we hypothesized that after a blood meal, the antioxidant capacity of the midgut is increased to protect cells against oxidative stress. concomitantly, pathogens present in the blood ingested by mosquitoes, such as the arboviruses dengue and zika, also have to overcome the same oxidative challenge, and the antioxidant program induced by the insect is likely to influ ...201728379952
the relationship between entomological indicators of aedes aegypti abundance and dengue virus infection.routine entomological monitoring data are used to quantify the abundance of ae. aegypti. the public health utility of these indicators is based on the assumption that greater mosquito abundance increases the risk of human denv transmission, and therefore reducing exposure to the vector decreases incidence of infection. entomological survey data from two longitudinal cohort studies in iquitos, peru, linked with 8,153 paired serological samples taken approximately six months apart were analyzed. i ...201728333938
a new paradigm for aedes spp. surveillance using gravid ovipositing sticky trap and ns1 antigen test kit.dengue remains a serious public health problem in southeast asia and has increased 37-fold in malaysia compared to decades ago. new strategies are urgently needed for early detection and control of dengue epidemics.201728327173
biologic evidence required for zika disease enhancement by dengue antibodies.the sudden appearance of overt human zika virus infections that cross the placenta to damage fetal tissues, target sexual organs, and are followed in some instances by guillain-barré syndrome raises questions regarding whether these outcomes are caused by genetic mutations or if prior infection by other flaviviruses affects disease outcome. because dengue and zika viruses co-circulate in the urban aedes aegypti mosquito-human cycle, a logical question, as suggested by in vitro data, is whether d ...201728322690
occurrence of concurrent infections with multiple serotypes of dengue viruses during 2013-2015 in northern kerala, india.dengue is a global human public health threat, causing severe morbidity and mortality. the occurrence of sequential infection by more than one serotype of dengue virus (denv) is a major contributing factor for the induction of dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) and dengue shock syndrome (dss), two major medical conditions caused by denv infection. however, there is no specific drug or vaccine available against dengue infection. there are reports indicating the increased incidence of concurrent infec ...201728316881
dengue virus ns2b/ns3 protease inhibitors exploiting the prime side.the mosquito-transmitted dengue virus (denv) infects millions of people in tropical and sub-tropical regions. maturation of denv particles requires proper cleavage of the viral polyprotein, including processing 8 of the 13 substrate cleavage sites by dengue ns2b-s3 protease. with no available direct-acting antiviral targeting denv, ns2-s3 protease is a promising target for inhibitor design. current design efforts focus on the nonprime side of the denv protease active site, resulting in highly hy ...201728298600
the microbiome composition of aedes aegypti is not critical for wolbachia-mediated inhibition of dengue virus.dengue virus (denv) is primarily vectored by the mosquito aedes aegypti, and is estimated to cause 390 million human infections annually. a novel method for denv control involves stable transinfection of ae. aegypti with the common insect endosymbiont wolbachia, which mediates an antiviral effect. however, the mechanism by which wolbachia reduces the susceptibility of ae. aegypti to denv is not fully understood. in this study we assessed the potential of resident microbiota, which can play impor ...201728267749
the rnai pathway plays a small part in wolbachia-mediated blocking of dengue virus in mosquito cells.wolbachia pipientis is an insect endosymbiont known to limit the replication of viruses including dengue and zika in their primary mosquito vector, aedes aegypti. wolbachia is being released into mosquito populations globally in a bid to control the diseases caused by these viruses. it is theorized that wolbachia's priming of the insect immune system may confer protection against subsequent viral infection. other hypotheses posit a role for competition between wolbachia and viruses for host cell ...201728262718
population genomics reveals that an anthropophilic population of aedes aegypti mosquitoes in west africa recently gave rise to american and asian populations of this major disease vector.the mosquito aedes aegypti is the main vector of dengue, zika, chikungunya and yellow fever viruses. this major disease vector is thought to have arisen when the african subspecies ae. aegypti formosus evolved from being zoophilic and living in forest habitats into a form that specialises on humans and resides near human population centres. the resulting domestic subspecies, ae. aegypti aegypti, is found throughout the tropics and largely blood-feeds on humans.201728241828
[chikungunya, an emerging viral disease. proposal of an algorithm for its clinical management].chikungunya fever (chik) is an emerging viral disease. it is caused by the chikungunya virus, an alphavirus from the togaviridae family. it is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected mosquitoes, mainly aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. they are also involved in the transmission of dengue, malaria, etc. chik is now endemic in any region of africa and southeast-asia. cases of chik have been reported in america, the caribbean, and europe (france, italy and spain). there are reservoirs of th ...201725440971
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