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a novel in vitro co-culture model comprised of caco-2/rbl-2h3 cells to evaluate anti-allergic effects of food factors through the intestine.the prevalence of type i allergic diseases such as food allergy and allergic rhinitis has increased. therefore, many studies have focused on food factors with anti-allergic activities in recent years. in order to investigate the effect of food factors on mast cell activation, a rbl-2h3 cell monoculture system has been widely used, in which various food factors have been reported to inhibit degranulation of rbl-2h3 cells. however, some orally administered food factors do not interact directly wit ...201627131754
efficacy of 4 irrigation protocols in killing bacteria colonized in dentinal tubules examined by a novel confocal laser scanning microscope analysis.the aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of 4 irrigation systems in eliminating bacteria in root canals, particularly in dentinal tubules.201627130334
identification of new sequence types among enterococcus faecium and enterococcus faecalis carrying the vana gene in retail chicken meat. 201627436399
safety and technological characterization of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates from traditional korean fermented soybean foods for starter development.to select starters for the production of meju and doenjang, traditional korean fermented soybean foods, we assessed the safety and technological properties of their predominant isolates, staphylococcus saprophyticus, staphylococcus succinus and staphylococcus xylosus. phenotypic antibiotic resistance, hemolysis and biofilm formation were strain-specific. none of the s. succinus isolates exhibited antibiotic resistance or hemolytic activities. thirty-three selected strains, identified through saf ...201627427871
isolation and characterization of three benzylisoquinoline alkaloids from thalictrum minus l. and their antibacterial activity against bovine mastitis.the roots of thalictrum minus are traditionally used in the treatment of inflammation and infectious diseases such as bovine mastitis. however, there are no reports available in literature till date regarding the antibacterial studies of t. minus against bovine mastitis.201627426505
isolates and antibiotic susceptibilities of endophthalmitis in postcataract surgery: a 12-year review of culture-proven cases.the purpose of this study was to investigate the spectrum of organisms causing endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in a tertiary medical center in taiwan and the antibiotic susceptibilities. this was a retrospective case series study. patients with endophthalmitis after cataract surgery from january 2004 to july 2015 were reviewed. the outcome measures included the identification of isolates, antibiotic susceptibilities, and final visual outcomes. twenty-one organisms were isolated from 19 ca ...201627422143
risk factors for aerobic bacterial conjunctival flora in preoperative cataract patients.purposeto investigate the relationship between the background of preoperative cataract patients and bacterial conjunctival flora.methodsa total of 990 cataract patients who had completed preoperative examinations in 2007 and 2008 were included. patients using topical antibiotics at the preoperative examination or having a history of intraocular surgery were excluded. conjunctival cultures had been preoperatively obtained. patient characteristics were investigated via medical records. risk factor ...201627419840
isolation and identification of enterococcus faecalis membrane proteins using membrane shaving, 1d sds/page, and mass spectrometry.enterococcus faecalis is a significant nosocomial pathogen, which is able to survive in diverse environments and resist killing with antimicrobial therapies. the expression of cell membrane proteins play an important role in how bacteria respond to environmental stress. as such, the capacity to identify and study membrane protein expression is critical to our understanding of how specific proteins influence bacterial survival. here, we describe a combined approach to identify membrane proteins o ...201627419061
draft genome sequence of the bacteriocinogenic strain enterococcus faecalis dbh18, isolated from mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos).here, we report the draft genome sequence of enterococcus faecalis dbh18, a bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacterium (lab) isolated from mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos). the assembly contains 2,836,724 bp, with a g+c content of 37.6%. the genome is predicted to contain 2,654 coding dna sequences (cdss) and 50 rnas.201627417838
in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial effects of different intracanal medications in necrotic immature teeth.this was to assess the antimicrobial effectiveness of pastes used as intracanal medicaments against enterococcus faecalis in necrotic immature teeth.201627412439
evaluation of coronal microleakage of mineral trioxide aggregate plug-in teeth with short roots prepared for post placement using bacterial penetration technique.two of the problems of the placement of posts in teeth with short roots are to determine the minimum length of the canal obturation material at the apical third of the root canal and removal of all the canal obturation material from the root canal during post space preparation.201627411659
transcriptome profiling of tdc cluster deletion mutant of enterococcus faecalis v583.the species enterococcus faecalis is able to catabolise the amino acid tyrosine into the biogenic amine tyramine by the tyrosine decarboxilase (tdc) pathway ladero et al. (2012) [1]. the tdc cluster comprises four genes: tyrs, an aminoacyl-trna synthetase-like gene; tdca, which encodes the tyrosine decarboxylase; tyrp, a tyrosine/tyramine exchanger gene and nhac-2, which encodes an na(+)/h(+) antiporter and whose role in the tyramine biosynthesis remains unknown [2]. in e. faecalis v583 the last ...201627408815
comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of three herbal irrigants in reducing intracanal e. faecalis populations: an in vitro study.the present study aimed to evaluate the intracanal bacterial reduction promoted by chemomechanical preparation using three different herbal extracts named ocimum sanctum (os), cinnamomum zeylanicum (cz), syzygium aromaticum (sa) against enterococcus faecalis.201627398170
activity of the lichen usnea steineri and its major metabolites against gram-positive, multidrug-resistant bacteria.the antimicrobial activity and possible synergistic effects of extracts and compounds isolated from usnea steineri were evaluated against four resistant bacterial species. a phytochemical study of the acetone extract of u. steineri resulted in the isolation and characterization of difractaic acid and (+)-usnic acid as the main compounds. the acetone extract showed strong activity (less than 10 µg/ml) against resistant strains of staphylococcus epidermidis and enterococcus faecalis, and (+)-usnic ...201627396202
rose bengal uptake by e. faecalis and f. nucleatum and light-mediated antibacterial activity measured by flow cytometry.antibacterial photodynamic therapy (apdt) using rose bengal (rb) and blue-light kills bacteria through the production of reactive oxygen derivates. however, the interaction mechanism of rb with bacterial cells remains unclear. this study investigated the uptake efficiency and the antibacterial activity of blue light-activated rb against enterococcus faecalis and fusobacterium nucleatum. spectrophotometry and epifluorescence microscopy were used to evaluate binding of rb to bacteria. the antibact ...201627394008
assessment of free fatty acids and cholesteryl esters delivered in liposomes as novel class of antibiotic.healthcare associated infections (hai) with multidrug-resistant (mdr) bacteria continue to be a global threat, highlighting an urgent need for novel antibiotics. in this study, we assessed the potential of free fatty acids and cholesteryl esters that form part of the innate host defense as novel antibacterial agents for use against mdr bacteria.201627391402
the impact of hospital and urban wastewaters on the bacteriological contamination of the water resources in kinshasa, democratic republic of congo.although the united nations general assembly recognized in 2010 the right to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation as a human right that is essential to the full enjoyment of life and all other human rights, the contamination of water supplies with faecal pathogens is still a major and unsolved problem in many parts of the world. in this study, faecal indicator bacteria (fib), including escherichia coli (e. coli) and enterococcus (ent), were quantified over the period of june/july 2014 an ...201627389829
probiotic activity of enterococcus faecalis cect7121: effects on mucosal immunity and intestinal epithelial cells.to analyse the effect of enterococcus faecalis cect7121 on intestinal epithelial cells (iecs) and its effects on the mucosal immune response.201627389465
the ctsr regulator controls the expression of clpc, clpe and clpp and is required for the virulence of enterococcus faecalis in an invertebrate model.the intrinsic ruggedness of enterococcus faecalis is responsible for its widespread distribution in nature and is often viewed as an important virulence determinant. previously, we showed that the clpb atpase is negatively regulated by ctsr and is required for thermotolerance and virulence in a galleria mellonella invertebrate model. here, we used in silico, northern blot and quantitative real-time pcr analyses to identify additional members of the ctsr regulon, namely the clpp peptidase and the ...201627388279
evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of azadirachta indica, commiphora myrrha, glycyrrhiza glabra against enterococcus faecalis using real time pcr.to compare the antibacterial efficacy of azadirachta indica (neem), commiphora myrrha (myrrh), glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice) with 2% chlorhexidine (chx) against e. faecalis by using real time pcr.201627386000
identification of bacterial species by untargeted nmr spectroscopy of the exo-metabolome.identification of bacterial species is a crucial bottleneck for clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases. quick and reliable identification is a key factor to provide suitable antibiotherapies and avoid the development of multiple-drug resistance. we propose a novel nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr)-based metabolomics strategy for rapid discrimination and identification of several bacterial species that relies on untargeted metabolic profiling of supernatants from bacterial culture media. we sho ...201627349704
a new buildup biofilm model that mimics accumulation of material in flexible endoscope channels.the objective of this study was to develop a new build up biofilm (bbf) model that was based on repeated exposure to test soil containing enterococcus faecalis and pseudomonas aeruginosa and repeated rounds of fixation to mimic the accumulation of patient material in endoscope channels during reprocessing. the new bbf model is a novel adaptation of the minimum biofilm effective concentration (mbec) 96-well model where biofilm is formed on plastic pegs. the new mbec-bbf model was developed over e ...201627345713
residual antibiofilm effects of various concentrations of double antibiotic paste used during regenerative endodontics after different application times.we investigated the residual antibiofilm effects of different concentrations of double antibiotic paste (dap) applied on radicular dentin for 1 or 4 weeks.201627341460
eggshells as a source for occupational exposure to airborne bacteria in hatcheries.occupational exposure to high concentrations of airborne bacteria in poultry production is related to an increased risk of respiratory disorders. however, potential sources and formation of hatchery bioaerosols are rarely characterized. in this study, bacterial multiplication on fresh shell fragments from turkey hatching eggs under conditions present in a hatcher incubator was investigated. a 10(5)-fold amplification was observed both by colony count and total cell count gaining 4 × 10(7) cfu/ce ...201627341051
draft genome sequence for a clinical isolate of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis.we report here the draft genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant enterococcus faecalis strain, isolated from a patient at the university of colorado hospital. the genome assembly is 3,040,186 bp in length with 37.6% gc content. this isolate encodes eleven resistance genes, including those for glycopeptide, aminoglycoside, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin, and tetracycline resistance.201627340066
can antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt) enhance the endodontic treatment?in order to achieve a long-lasting effect, one of the main goals in root canal treatment is to eliminate the endodontic bacteria. conventional chemomechanical debridement is considered as the basic treatment in root canal therapy, but adjunctive techniques such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt) can also be helpful. the aim of this study was to evaluate reports in the scientific literature that used different photosensitizers (pss) for bacterial reduction. the literature search was con ...201627330702
an evolved oxazolidinone with selective potency against mycobacterium tuberculosis and gram positive bacteria.innovation of new antibacterials that are effective against strains that have developed resistance to existing drugs would strengthen our ability to treat and subsequently control spread of pathogenic bacteria. increasing incidence of infections with drug resistant bacteria has become a common occurrence in recent times. we have developed an evolved oxazolidinone, t145, which inhibits growth of enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus and mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) with sub μg/ml poten ...201627329794
sub-lethal doses of photodynamic therapy affect biofilm formation ability and metabolic activity of enterococcus faecalis.during photodynamic therapy (pdt) in the treatment of a primary endodontic infection, it is extremely likely that microorganisms would be exposed to sub-lethal doses of pdt (spdt). although spdt cannot kill microorganisms, it can considerably influence microbial virulence. this study was conducted to characterize the effect of spdt using toluidine blue o (tbo), methylene blue (mb), and indocyanine green (icg) on biofilm formation ability and metabolic activity of enterococcus faecalis.201627328452
enzymatic synthesis using immobilized enterococcus faecalis esawy dextransucrase and some applied studies.dextrans enzymatic synthesis by immobilized enterococcus faecalis esawy dextransucrase was studied. different parameters, such as: enzyme protein concentration (epc), substrate concentration (sc), temperature and reaction time were evaluated. epc played a fundamental role in controlling dextran molecular size with 0.1% dextran in reaction mixture. dextran 38,397 and 125,471da were yielded at epc 4.78 and 5.78mg, respectively. proper dextrans (73,378 and 117,521da) demanded in pharmaceutical appl ...201627327909
enterococcus faecalis lipoteichoic acid-induced nlrp3 inflammasome via the activation of the nuclear factor kappa b pathway.we wished to examine the effects of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (nlrp3) inflammasome on periapical periodontitis induced by enterococcus faecalis and to investigate the molecular mechanisms of lipoteichoic acid (lta) derived from e. faecalis on the expression of the nlrp3 inflammasome.201627325457
study of antibacterial mechanism of graphene oxide using raman spectroscopy.graphene oxide (go) is extensively proposed as an effective antibacterial agent in commercial product packaging and for various biomedical applications. however, the antibacterial mode of action of go is yet hypothetical and unclear. here we developed a new and sensitive fingerprint approach to study the antibacterial activity of go and underlying mechanism, using raman spectroscopy. spectroscopic signatures obtained from biomolecules such as adenine and proteins from bacterial cultures with dif ...201627324288
evaluation of the susceptibility of multispecies biofilms in dentinal tubules to disinfecting solutions.the present study evaluated the effect of the source of biofilm bacteria on their susceptibility in dentinal tubules to disinfecting solutions using an infected dentin model.201627318625
comparison of two chromogenic media for the detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal carriage by nursing home residents.we compared chromid vre and brilliance vre media for the detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre). using a panel of 28 enterococcal isolates, 10 vana enterococcus faecium and three vana enterococcus faecalis isolates grew as per manufacturers' instructions whilst growth of two vanc and eight vancomycin-susceptible enterococci was inhibited on both media. important differences were noted in the selectivity and chromogenic properties of the two media for vana enterococcus raffinosus and ...201627312688
evaluation of the in vitro growth of urinary tract infection-causing gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria in a proposed synthetic human urine (shu) medium.bacteriuria is a hallmark of urinary tract infection (uti) and asymptomatic bacteriuria (abu), which are among the most frequent infections in humans. a variety of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria are associated with these infections but escherichia coli contributes up to 80% of cases. multiple bacterial species including e. coli can grow in human urine as a means to maintain colonization during infections. in vitro bacteriuria studies aimed at modeling microbial growth in urine have uti ...201627312379
ex situ study of enterococcus faecalis survival in the recreational waters of the southern coast of the caspian sea.the us environmental protection agency has suggested faecal enterococci as the primary bacterial indicators. of more importance is their direct correlation with swimmer-associated gastroenteritis in recreation water quality monitoring. in contrast to other seawater bodies with 3.5% salinity, the recreational waters in the southern coast of the caspian sea possess its own salinity (about 1% w/v) and thus require further investigations to determine the capacity of enterococcus faecalis as the sole ...201627307975
risk factors of endocarditis in patients with enterococcus faecalis bacteremia: external validation of the nova score.the nova score is a recently developed diagnostic tool used to identify patients with increased risk of infective endocarditis (ie) among patients with enterococcus faecalis bacteremia. we aimed to validate the nova score and to identify risk factors for ie.201627307506
the heterodimeric abc transporter efrcd mediates multidrug efflux in enterococcus faecalis.nosocomial infections with enterococcus faecalis are an emerging health problem. however, drug efflux pumps contributing to intrinsic drug resistance are poorly studied in this gram-positive pathogen. in this study, we functionally investigated seven heterodimeric abc transporters of e. faecalis that are annotated as drug efflux pumps. deletion of ef0789-ef0790 on the chromosome of e. faecalis resulted in increased susceptibility to daunorubicin, doxorubicin, ethidium, and hoechst 33342, and the ...201627381387
inhibition of enterococcus faecalis by calcium peroxide.to investigate the inhibition of enterococcus faecalis by calcium peroxide (cao₂).201627379349
photodynamic inactivation of root canal bacteria by light activation through human dental hard and simulated surrounding tissue.photodynamic inactivation of bacteria (pib) may be a supportive antimicrobial approach for use in endodontics, but sufficient activation of photosensitizers (ps) in root canals is a critical point. therefore, aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of ps absorbing blue (tmpyp) or red light (methylene blue; mb) for light activation through human dental hard and simulated surrounding tissue to inactivate root canal bacteria.201627379059
the effect of the final irrigant on the antimicrobial activity of root canal sealers.root canal irrigation is an essential step in root canal therapy as it enables the elimination of microorganisms. the final irrigant may affect the properties of the root canal sealer used during obturation particularly with tricalcium silicate-based sealers, which interact with dentine. the aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of tricalcium silicate-containing sealers in contact with different irrigants. furthermore the sealer surface in contact with the irrigant was chara ...201627377571
[chronic bacterial prostatitis. clinical and microbiological study of 332 cases].chronic bacterial prostatitis (cbp) is characterized by long-lasting symptoms, frequently associated with psychosomatic disorders. the objective of the study was to study pcb in our environment clinically and microbiologically.201627377215
a large factory-scale application of selected autochthonous lactic acid bacteria for pdo pecorino siciliano cheese production.the main hypothesis of this study was that the autochthonous lactic acid bacteria (lab) selected for their dairy traits are able to stabilize the production of pdo (protected denomination of origin) pecorino siciliano cheese, preserving its typicality. the experimental plan included the application of a multi-strain lactic acid bacteria (lab) culture, composed of starter (lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis cag4 and cag37) and non starter (enterococcus faecalis psl71, lactococcus garviae psl67 and ...201627375245
disinfection efficacy of current regenerative endodontic protocols in simulated necrotic immature permanent teeth.the lack of mechanical debridement and reduced concentrations suggested for chemical debridement to maintain stem cell viability call into question the disinfection efficacy of current regenerative protocols. current protocols vary in the concentration and type of antibiotic medicaments used. the aim of this study was to determine if simulated immature teeth infected with enterococcus faecalis can be completely disinfected by following current standardized regenerative protocols and to evaluate ...201627372159
antimicrobial resistance of escherichia coli, enterococci, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus from raw fish and seafood imported into switzerland.a total of 44 samples of salmon, pangasius (shark catfish), shrimps, and oysters were tested for the presence of escherichia coli, enterococci, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus, which are indicator organisms commonly used in programs to monitor antibiotic resistance. the isolated bacterial strains, confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, were tested against a panel of 29 antimicrobial agents to obtain mics. across the four sampl ...201627357045
partial diversity generates effector immunity specificity of the bac41-like bacteriocins of enterococcus faecalis clinical strains.bacteriocin 41 (bac41) is the plasmid-encoded bacteriocin produced by the opportunistic pathogen enterococcus faecalis its genetic determinant consists of bacl1 (effector), bacl2 (regulator), baca (effector), and baci (immunity). the secreted effectors bacl1 and baca coordinate to induce the lytic cell death of e. faecalis meanwhile, the immunity factor baci provides self-resistance to the bac41 producer, e. faecalis, against the action of bacl1 and baca. in this study, we demonstrated that more ...201627353651
activities of tedizolid and linezolid determined by the reference broth microdilution method against 3,032 gram-positive bacterial isolates collected in asia-pacific, eastern europe, and latin american countries in 2014.tedizolid and linezolid in vitro activities against 3,032 gram-positive pathogens collected in asia-pacific, eastern european, and latin american medical centers during 2014 were assessed. the isolates were tested for susceptibility by the current reference broth microdilution methods. due to concern over the effect of mic endpoint criteria on the results of testing the oxazolidinones tedizolid and linezolid, mic endpoint values were read by two methods: (i) reading the mic at the first well whe ...201627353270
global emergence and dissemination of enterococci as nosocomial pathogens: attack of the clones?enterococci are gram-positive bacteria that are found in plants, soil and as commensals of the gastrointestinal tract of humans, mammals, and insects. despite their commensal nature, they have also become globally important nosocomial pathogens. within the genus enterococcus, enterococcus faecium, and enterococcus faecalis are clinically most relevant. in this review, we will discuss how e. faecium and e. faecalis have evolved to become a globally disseminated nosocomial pathogen. e. faecium has ...201627303380
postoperative infectious complications in patients undergoing holmium laser enucleation of the prostate: risk factors and microbiological analysis.to examine the incidence of postoperative bacteriuria and febrile complications, and to investigate bacterial strains in the urine of patients undergoing holmium laser enucleation of the prostate.201627302684
molecular analysis of vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated from regional hospitals in trinidad and tobago.geographic spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) clones in cities, countries, or even continents has been identified by molecular techniques. this study aimed at characterizing virulent genes and determining genetic relatedness of 45 vre isolates from trinidad and tobago using molecular tools, including polymerase chain reaction, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and random amplification polymorphic dna (rapd). the majority (84%) of the isolates were enterococcus faecium posses ...201627299153
the antimicrobial efficacy and dna binding activity of the copper(ii) complexes of 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline and 1,2-diaminocyclohexane.four copper(ii) complexes of the general structure [cu(l1)(l2)](2+), where l1 is (1s,2s)-diaminocyclohexane or (1r,2r)-diaminocyclohexane and l2 is 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (tmp) or 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dip), have been investigated in this study for their antimicrobial activity, short-term antimicrobial efficacy, and in vitro dna-binding affinity. against an expanded panel of bacterial and fungal strains in 12 species, minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) for these ...201627293146
tigecycline antimicrobial activity tested against clinical bacteria from latin american medical centres: results from sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (2011-2014).bacterial organisms (n = 13,494) were consecutively collected in 2011-2014 from 21 latin american medical centres (11 nations). antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution at a central laboratory. tigecycline was very active against gram-positive organisms, with mic50/90 values of 0.06/0.06 µg/ml for staphylococcus aureus (n = 2878), 0.06/0.12 µg/ml for coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 880), 0.06/0.06 µg/ml for enterococci (n = 708) and ≤0.03/≤0.03-0.06 µg/ml for stre ...201627291285
fishing for gutta-percha-adhered biofilms in purulent post-treatment apical periodontitis.this study investigated the possibility of depicting individual taxa in clinically relevant biofilms using fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish). gutta-percha samples were collected from the apical aspect of root canals associated with a chronic apical abscess (test samples, n = 8). corresponding control samples were obtained from previously filled root canals with apparently normal periapical tissues (n = 3). the transport medium was investigated for detached biofilm fragments using fish sta ...201627284969
physicochemical characterisation and antimicrobial phototoxicity of an anionic porphyrin in natural deep eutectic solvents.natural deep eutectic solvents (nades) are a newly discovered group of eutectics which has shown promise as a solvent in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt). the purpose of this study was to investigate preparations of an anionic porphyrin, meso-tetra-(4-carboxyphenyl)-porphine (tcpp), solubilised in nades, with regard to their physicochemical and antibacterial properties. the nades cs (ph∼0), chx (ph∼4) and mfg (ph∼1) solubilised tcpp with absorption maximum ∼443nm and emission maximum ∼6 ...201627269504
neofiscalin a and fiscalin c are potential novel indole alkaloid alternatives for the treatment of multidrug-resistant gram-positive bacterial infections.ten indole alkaloids were obtained from the marine sponge-associated fungus neosartorya siamensis kufa 0017. we studied the antimicrobial properties of these and of three other compounds previously isolated from the soil fungus n. siamensis kufc 6349. only neofiscalin a showed antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis (vre); with a minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of 8 μ ...201627268269
emergence of vana gene among vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a tertiary care hospital of north - east india.vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) have become one of the most challenging nosocomial pathogens with the rapid spread of the multi-drug resistant strain with limited therapeutic options. it is a matter of concern due to its ability to transfer vancomycin resistant gene to other organisms. the present study was undertaken to determine the emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci and the vana gene among the isolates in a tertiary care hospital of north-east india.201627241650
antibacterial and antimetastatic potential of diospyros lycioides extract on cervical cancer cells and associated pathogens.cervical cancer is among the most prevalent forms of cancer in women worldwide. diospyros lycioides was extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol and finger print profiles were determined. the leaf material was tested for the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and cardiac glycosides using standard chemical methods and the presence of flavonoids and phenolics using thin layer chromatography. the total phenolic content was determined using folin-ciocalteu pro ...201627239210
gram-positive uropathogens, polymicrobial urinary tract infection, and the emerging microbiota of the urinary tract.gram-positive bacteria are a common cause of urinary-tract infection (uti), particularly among individuals who are elderly, pregnant, or who have other risk factors for uti. here we review the epidemiology, virulence mechanisms, and host response to the most frequently isolated gram-positive uropathogens: staphylococcus saprophyticus, enterococcus faecalis, and streptococcus agalactiae. we also review several emerging, rare, misclassified, and otherwise underreported gram-positive pathogens of t ...201627227294
postneurosurgical central nervous system infection due to enterococcus faecalis successfully treated with intraventricular vancomycin.infections from enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium are uncommon in the post-neurosurgical intervention setting., [1, 2, 3, 4] intraventricular antibiotics are recommended when standard intravenous therapy fails. [5] here we present a case of post-neurosurgical ventriculitis, meningitis, and cerebritis in an oncology patient caused by refractory enterococcus faecalis successfully treated with intraventricular vancomycin.201627226704
antimicrobial susceptibility and characterization of virulence genes of enterococcus faecalis isolates from teeth with failure of the endodontic treatment.the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of virulence factors and the antimicrobial resistance of enterococcus faecalis isolates of teeth with failure of the endodontic treatment.201627221594
antibacterial efficacy of calcium hypochlorite with vibringe sonic irrigation system on enterococcus faecalis: an in vitro study.aim. the purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro efficacy of calcium hypochlorite (ca[ocl]2) and sodium hypochlorite (naocl) associated with sonic (vibringe) irrigation system in root canals which were contaminated with enterococcus faecalis. material and methods. the root canals of 84 single-rooted premolars were enlarged up to a file 40, autoclaved, inoculated with enterococcus faecalis, and incubated for 21 days. the samples were divided into 7 groups according to the irrigation pro ...201627218106
increasing prevalence of aminoglycoside-resistant enterococcus faecalis isolates due to the aac(6')-aph(2") gene: a therapeutic problem in kermanshah, iran.enterococci are important pathogens in nosocomial infections. various types of antibiotics, such as aminoglycosides, are used for treatment of these infections. enterococci can acquire resistant traits, which can lead to therapeutic problems with aminoglycosides.201627217920
vana-type mrsa (vrsa) emerged in surface waters.due to the widespread occurrence of meca-encoded methicillin resistance in staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), treatment of staphylococcal infections is shifted to glycopeptide antibiotics like vancomycin and teicoplanin. the selective pressure of glycopeptides has eventually led to the emergence of staphylococci with increased resistance. of great concern is vana-encoded high level vancomycin and teicoplanin resistance in mrsa (vrsa). therefore, this study aimed at investigating the occurrence of vrs ...201627216737
genome-based characterization of hospital-adapted enterococcus faecalis lineages.vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis (vrefs) is an important nosocomial pathogen1,2. we undertook whole genome sequencing of e. faecalis associated with bloodstream infection in the uk and ireland over more than a decade to determine the population structure and genetic associations with hospital adaptation. three lineages predominated in the population, two of which (l1 and l2) were nationally distributed, and one (l3) geographically restricted. genome comparison with a global collection ...201627213049
bactericidal effect of strong acid electrolyzed water against flow enterococcus faecalis biofilms.this study evaluated the bactericidal effect of strong acid electrolyzed water (saew) against flow enterococcus faecalis biofilm and its potential application as a root canal irrigant.201627208991
antagonistic donor density effect conserved in multiple enterococcal conjugative plasmids.enterococcus faecalis, a common causative agent of hospital-acquired infections, is resistant to many known antibiotics. its ability to acquire and transfer resistance genes and virulence determinants through conjugative plasmids poses a serious concern for public health. in some cases, induction of transfer of e. faecalis plasmids results from peptide pheromones produced by plasmid-free recipient cells, which are sensed by the plasmid-bearing donor cells. these plasmids generally encode an inhi ...201627208137
exogenous fatty acids protect enterococcus faecalis from daptomycin-induced membrane stress independently of the response regulator liar.enterococcus faecalis is a commensal bacterium of the gastrointestinal tract that can cause nosocomial infections in immunocompromised humans. the hallmarks of this organism are its ability to survive in a variety of stressful habitats and, in particular, its ability to withstand membrane damage. one strategy used by e. faecalis to protect itself from membrane-damaging agents, including the antibiotic daptomycin, involves incorporation of exogenous fatty acids from bile or serum into the cell me ...201627208105
rare case of simultaneous enterococcal endocarditis and prosthetic joint infection.a 59-year-old man was admitted with a 3-month history of daily fevers as well as bilateral knee pain and swelling. medical history was significant for bilateral knee arthroplasties 4 years prior to admission. two sets of peripheral blood cultures as well as bilateral knee synovial fluid grew enterococcus faecalis within 10 hours. transoesophageal echocardiography revealed aortic and mitral valve vegetations suggestive of infectious endocarditis, with severe regurgitation secondary to large size. ...201627207984
antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of cinnamomum zeylanicum, calcium hydroxide, and triple antibiotic paste as root canal dressing materials.the aim of this article was (i) to define the chemical constituents of cinnamomum zeylanicum essential oil (ceo), (ii) to compare the antimicrobial activity of ceo with triple antibiotic paste (tap) and calcium hydroxide [ca(oh)2] on planktonic and biofilm enterococcus faecalis; and (iii) to compare the cytotoxicity of these medicaments on l929 fibroblasts.201627206997
influence of gelatin-thrombin matrix tissue sealant on bacterial colony formation and risk of pelvic infection.objective. gelatin-thrombin matrix (gtm) tissue sealant use was previously identified as an independent predictor of pelvic infection following hysterectomies. we aim to elucidate contributing factors by assessing influence of gtm on bacterial colony formation and characterizing bacteria present at the vaginal cuff. methods. escherichia coli was incubated in phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) and pelvic washings with and without gtm to assess influence on colony formation. pelvic washings of the va ...201627199534
antibacterial activity of the novel semisynthetic lantibiotic nvb333 in vitro and in experimental infection models.nvb333 is a novel semisynthetic lantibiotic derived from the amide coupling of 3,5-dichlorobenzylamine to the c-terminal of deoxyactagardine b. the in vitro activity of nvb333 includes efficacy against clinically relevant pathogens including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococcus spp. nvb333 shows no cross-resistance with other antibiotics tested and a very low propensity for resistance development. after intravenous dosing nvb333 has high exposure in m ...201627189121
post-renal transplant infections: single-center experience from nigeria.infections are the leading cause of hospitalization and mortality in transplant recipients. nigeria has a growing number of renal transplant recipients. the aim of this study was to determine the pattern of infections in renal allograft recipients in one of the major renal transplant centers in nigeria.201627188439
increased gut redox and depletion of anaerobic and methanogenic prokaryotes in severe acute malnutrition.severe acute malnutrition (sam) is associated with inadequate diet, low levels of plasma antioxidants and gut microbiota alterations. the link between gut redox and microbial alterations, however, remains unexplored. by sequencing the gut microbiomes of 79 children of varying nutritional status from three centers in senegal and niger, we found a dramatic depletion of obligate anaerobes in malnutrition. this was confirmed in an individual patient data meta-analysis including 107 cases and 77 cont ...201627183876
proteolytic activity of enterococcus faecalis vb63f for reduction of allergenicity of bovine milk proteins.with the aim of screening proteolytic strains of lactic acid bacteria to evaluate their potential for the reduction of allergenicity of the major bovine milk proteins, we isolated a new proteolytic strain of enterococcus faecalis (ent. faecalis vb63f) from raw bovine milk. the proteases produced by this strain had strong activity against caseins (αs1-, αs2-, and β-casein), in both skim milk and sodium caseinate. however, only partial hydrolysis of whey proteins was observed. proteolysis of na-ca ...201627179865
evaluation of the propidium monoazide-quantitative polymerase chain reaction method for the detection of viable enterococcus faecalis.one limitation of dna-based molecular assays is their inability to distinguish between live and dead cells. a sample treatment with propidium monoazide (pma) before dna amplification has been proposed to overcome this problem. the aim of this in vitro study was to test different concentrations of pma coupled with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) for the detection of viable enterococcus faecalis.201627179593
antibacterial activity of miswak salvadora persica extracts against isolated and genetically identified oral cavity pathogens.despite medical progress worldwide, dental caries are still widespread. miswak is derived from the plant arak (salvadora persica). it is used by muslim peoples as a natural product for the cleansing of teeth, to ensure oral and dental hygiene.201627177110
comparison of the antimicrobial efficacy of octenidine dihydrochloride and chlorhexidine with and without passive ultrasonic irrigation - an invitro study.elimination of microorganisms from infected root canals is a complicated task. numerous measures have been described to reduce the microbial load in the root canal system, including the use of various instrumentation techniques, irrigation regimens and intracanal medicaments. the drawbacks of few commonly used irrigants include toxic and harmful side effects, microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents and staining. hence there is a need for alternative agents which are nontoxic, effective and ...201627504415
evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of mta with and without additives like silver zeolite and chlorhexidine.microorganisms, predominantly enterococcus faecalis are found responsible in the progression of pulpal, periradicular diseases and in endodontic failures. unsuccessful conventional treatment might necessitate the need for a surgical approach; where in retrograde restorative materials are used to seal the apex. among the root end filling materials, mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) is considered biocompatible and is most commonly used in clinical applications but it has limited antibacterial activ ...201627504400
prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis with left main coronary artery embolism: a case report and review of the literature.coronary embolization is potentially a fatal sequela of endocarditis. although the primary cause of acute coronary syndrome is atherosclerotic disease, it is imperative to consider septic embolism as an etiological factor.201627500132
urinary tract infections in kidney transplant recipients hospitalized at a transplantation and nephrology ward: 1-year follow-up.the aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for urinary tract infections (uti), the causative organisms of uti and also their management and treatment. in addition, we evaluated the effects of uti on renal graft function.201627496451
effects of root canal irrigants on the planktonic form of enterococcus faecalis: a review.bacteria play an essential role in the initiation and perpetuation of pulpal and periapical pathoses. enterococcus faecalis is associated with both primary and persistent endodontic infections. however, the frequency of e. faecalis in persistent periradicular lesions has been shown to be very higher than primary infections.201627487599
[alloplastic materials and their propensity to bacterial colonisation].purpose of the study the alloplastic materials currently used for protective surface layers on implants were tested in vitro under microbiological laboratory conditions by contamination with microbial agents most frequently found in deep infection of total joint replacements. the objective was to find out how the resistance to bacterial colonisation was related to different surface finishes. material and methods each of 14 samples of alloplastic material currently used in the manufacture of orth ...201627484073
enterococcus faecalis urinary-tract infections: do they have a zoonotic origin?major human pathogens are frequently isolated from meat-producing animals, particularly poultry. among them is enterococcus faecalis, which is known to be one of the main cause of human urinary-tract infections worldwide. early in 2015, we detected several, consecutive abnormal increases in the weekly number of human e. faecalis infections in various medical settings in the provence-alpes-côte d'azur region of france, especially including community-acquired urinary-tract infections. speculating ...201627475787
human salivary proteins with affinity to lipoteichoic acid of enterococcus faecalis.enterococcus faecalis is associated with refractory apical periodontitis and its lipoteichoic acid (ef.lta) is considered as a major virulence factor. although the binding proteins of ef.lta may play an important role for mediating infection and immunity in the oral cavity, little is known about ef.lta-binding proteins (ef.lta-bps) in saliva. in this study, we identified salivary ef.lta-bps with biotinylated ef.lta (ef.lta-biotin) through mass spectrometry. the biotinylation of ef.lta was confir ...201627474971
efficacy of a novel rotary system in reduction of intracanal bacteria: an in vitro study.this in vitro study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a single-file rotary system (oneshape) in reduction of intracanal bacteria.201627471535
antibacterial activity of mta fillapex and ah 26 root canal sealers at different time intervals.the main goal of endodontic treatment is elimination of bacteria and their by-products from infected root canals. this study compared the antibacterial effect of two different sealers, ah 26 and mta fillapex, on 4 microorganisms 24, 48 and 72 h and 7 days after mixing.201627471530
the antibacterial efficacy of photo-activated disinfection, chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite in infected root canals: an in vitro study.this study compared the efficacy of light-activated low-power laser, 2% chlorhexidine (chx) and 2.5% naocl in eliminating enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) from the root canal system.201627471527
antimicrobial efficacy and cytocompatibility of calcium hypochlorite solution as a root canal irrigant: an in vitro investigation.the purpose of this study was to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of sodium hypochlorite (sh) and calcium hypochlorite (ch) against enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) analysis and also to compare their cytocompatibility on l929 murine fibroblasts using mossman's tetrazolium toxicity (mtt) assay.201627471525
evaluation of antimicrobial effect of azadirachtin plant extract (soluneem (™)) on commonly found root canal pathogenic microorganisms (viz. enterococcus faecalis) in primary teeth: a microbiological study.the aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of soluneem ™ when used as an irrigating solution along with other commonly used irrigating solution sodium hypochlorite (naocl) against enterococcus faecalis.201627461802
superior antibacterial activity of glcn-aunp-go by ultraviolet irradiation.a complete bacterialysis analysis of glucosamine-gold nanoparticle-graphene oxide (glcn-aunp-go) and uv-irradiated glcn-aunp-go was conducted. analytical characterization of glcn-aunps, go and glcn-aunp-go revealed uv-vis absorbance peak at around 230 and 500nm. microscopic characterization of prepared nanomaterials was performed by scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy, and high-resolution transmission microscopy. the results confirmed that the glcn-aunps were uniformly decorate ...201627612724
longitudinal (2001-14) analysis of enterococci and vre causing invasive infections in european and us hospitals, including a contemporary (2010-13) analysis of oritavancin in vitro potency.the objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and in vitro susceptibility of enterococci and vre among bloodstream infections in european and us hospitals over time.201627609052
in vitro activities of tedizolid compared with other antibiotics against gram-positive pathogens associated with hospital-acquired pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infection and bloodstream infection collected from 26 hospitals in china.to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activities of tedizolid, linezolid and other comparators against clinically significant gram-positive cocci isolates from hospital-acquired pneumonia (hap), skin and soft tissue infection (ssti) and bloodstream infection (bsi), 2140 nonduplicate isolates (23.7 % isolated from hap, 46.8 % from ssti and 29.5 % from bsi) were consecutively collected in 26 hospitals in 17 cities across china during 2014. these pathogens included 632 methicillin-resistant staphy ...201627599998
study of the impact of cranberry extract on the virulence factors and biofilm formation by enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from urinary tract infections.drinking of cranberry fruit juice and application of commercial preparations containing the cranberry extracts are recommended in the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections (utis), especially in women with recurrent utis. many studies focus on the activity of cranberries against uropathogenic escherichia coli (e. coli) strains. however, the knowledge of the cranberry effect on gram-positive enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) is limited. therefore, the aim of our study was to estab ...201627456160
development of pla films containing oregano essential oil (origanum vulgare l. virens) intended for use in food packaging.consumers' concerns about the environment and health have led to the development of new food packaging materials avoiding petroleum-based matrices and synthetic additives. the present study has developed polylactic acid (pla) films containing different concentrations of essential oil from origanum vulgare l. virens (oeo). the effectiveness of this new active packaging was checked for use in ready-to-eat salads. a plasticising effect was observed when oeo was incorporated in pla films. the rest o ...201627455176
triterpenoids from the leaves of alphitonia xerocarpus baill and their biological activity.ten previously undescribed triterpenoid saponins and a previously undescribed norlupane triterpenoid were isolated, with three known saponins, four known flavonoids, two known lupane derivatives, sitosterol and 6'-heptadecanoyl-3-o-β-d-glucopyranosylsitosterol from the leaves of alphitonia xerocarpus (rhamnaceae), an endemic tree of new caledonia. the chemical structures of the purified compounds were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. the isolated compounds were tes ...201627452452
antibacterial effectiveness of 2 root canal irrigants in root-filled teeth with infection: a randomized clinical trial.this study compared the antibacterial effects of 1% sodium hypochlorite (naocl) and 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (chx) during retreatment of teeth with apical periodontitis.201627452293
effect of a genetically engineered bacteriophage on enterococcus faecalis biofilms.enterococcus faecalis is a gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium that is associated with failed endodontic cases and nosocomial infections. e. faecalis can form biofilms, penetrate dentinal tubules and survive in root canals with scarce nutritional supplies. these properties can make e. faecalis resistant to conventional endodontic disinfection therapy. furthermore, treatment may be complicated by the fact that many e. faecalis strains are resistant to antibiotics. a potential alternati ...201627448990
evaluation of treatment and disinfection of water using cold atmospheric plasma.in this paper, the disinfection of water is investigated using plasma spark treatment and the results are compared with conventional techniques. inactivation of the enterococcus faecalis and escherichia coli bacteria is considered in the treatment process of water by the plasma spark. for this purpose, many physical and chemical parameters of water are measured and the obtained results demonstrate a reduction of 8-log in colony forming units of e. coli and e. faecalis at 15 minutes and 12 minute ...201627441856
[analysis of 117 episodes of enterococcal bacteremia: study of epidemiology, microbiology and antimicrobial susceptibility].enterococcal bacteremia has acquired considerable importance in recent years, mainly due to an increased number of cases that occur during hospital admission. we describe the episodes of enterococcal bacteremia in adult patients recorded at our hospital. between january 2000 and december 2013, 117 episodes were analyzed. sixty one percent (61%) of the patients were male and 39% female. the mean age was 68. predisposing factors were present in 91% of patients. the primary source of infection was ...201627567523
antimicrobial activity of photodynamic therapy against enterococcus faecalis before and after reciprocating instrumentation in permanent molars.the present study sought to evaluate the antimicrobial activity against enterococcus faecalis of photodynamic therapy applied before and after reciprocating instrumentation of permanent molars.201627564995
dna-binding proteins regulating pip501 transfer and replication.pip501 is a gram-positive broad-host-range model plasmid intensively used for studying plasmid replication and conjugative transfer. it is a multiple antibiotic resistance plasmid frequently detected in clinical enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium strains. replication of pip501 proceeds unidirectionally by a theta mechanism. the minimal replicon of pip501 is composed of the repr gene encoding the essential rate-limiting replication initiator protein repr and the origin of replication, ...201627563645
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