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evaluating the use of fatty acid profiles to differentiate human pathogenic and nonpathogenic listeria species.listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive human pathogen that is responsible for serious infections in immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women. because of recent epidemics caused by food contaminated with l. monocytogenes, rapid methods for the detection of this pathogen in food are of interest. capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (gc-fid) was used to determine the cellular fatty acid profiles of six species of listeria. the six different species are l. monocyto ...201223175980
inla promotes dissemination of listeria monocytogenes to the mesenteric lymph nodes during food borne infection of mice.intestinal listeria monocytogenes infection is not efficient in mice and this has been attributed to a low affinity interaction between the bacterial surface protein inla and e-cadherin on murine intestinal epithelial cells. previous studies using either transgenic mice expressing human e-cadherin or mouse-adapted l. monocytogenes expressing a modified inla protein (inla(m)) with high affinity for murine e-cadherin showed increased efficiency of intragastric infection. however, the large inocula ...201223166492
effect of salt reduction on growth of listeria monocytogenes in meat and poultry systems.reducing sodium in food could have an effect on food safety. the objective was to determine differences in growth of listeria monocytogenes in meat and poultry systems with salt substitutes. for phase 1, fresh ground beef, pork, and turkey with nacl, kcl, cacl(2), mgcl(2), sea salt, or replacement salt added at 2.0% were inoculated with l. monocytogenes to determine growth/survival during 5 d at 4 °c to simulate a pre-blend process. l. monocytogenes populations significantly decreased (0.41 log ...201223164056
vaccination with immunotherapeutic listeria monocytogenes induces il-17(+) γδ t cells in a murine model for hpv associated cancer.interleukin 17 (il-17) is produced during infection with listeria monocytogenes and is also an important regulator of tumor development with both pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects. αβ t cells and γδ t cells are among the principle producers of il-17 in response to infection and other proinflammatory conditions. listeria-based cancer immunotherapies induce ifnγ directed th1 dependent tumor regression; however, the role of il-17 in listeria based immunotherapy has not been addressed. therefore, we ...201223162749
activated charcoal enhanced the antigen-expression and dendritic cell maturation of the vaccine using listeria-platform.listeria monocytogenes (lm) has been used as a vaccine vector based upon its ability to induce a strong cell-mediated immune response. lm inactivated with γ-irradiation retains immunogenic properties and is an attractive platform for clinical use since it would have improved safety concerns compared to live vectors. activated charcoal has been shown to enhance expression of lm proteins such as prfa.201223143471
spatial positioning of cell wall-anchored virulence factors in gram-positive bacteria.many virulence factors of gram-positive bacteria are anchored to the peptidoglycan by a sorting signal. while surface display mechanisms are well characterized, less is known about the spatial and temporal organization of these proteins in the bacterial envelope. this review summarizes recent studies on the rod-shaped listeria monocytogenes, ovococcal streptococcus pyogenes and spherical staphylococcus aureus bacteria that provide insights into the compartmentalization of the surface and distrib ...201223141759
prevalence and level of listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods in sweden 2010.an increasing trend in human listeriosis cases over the past five years (2005-2009) in sweden encouraged the authorities to examine the prevalence and levels of listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat (rte) foods in 2010. the combined results of two surveys are presented: the swedish part of an eu-wide survey and a national survey. a total of 1590 samples covering three categories of rte food able to support growth of l. monocytogenes: (i) soft and semi-soft cheeses (mould- and smear-ripened); (i ...201223141642
industrial disinfectants do not select for resistance in listeria monocytogenes following long term exposure.listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen that can persist for years in food processing plants. it has been hypothesized that this could be due to the development of tolerance or resistance to the disinfectants used. the purpose of the present study was to determine whether biocide resistance or tolerance would evolve in l. monocytogenes under continued selection in three industrial disinfectants. l. monocytogenes egd was exposed to desinfect cl (hypochlorite) and incimaxx des (peracedic a ...201223141640
formylpeptide receptors are critical for rapid neutrophil mobilization in host defense against listeria monocytogenes.listeria monocytogenes (listeria) causes opportunistic infection in immunocompromised hosts with high mortality. resistance to listeria depends on immune responses and recruitment of neutrophils of the immune system into infected sites is an early and critical step. mouse neutrophils express two g protein-coupled formylpeptide receptor subtypes fpr1 and fpr2 that recognize bacterial and host-derived chemotactic molecules including listeria peptides for cell migration and activation. here we repo ...201223139859
characterization of microflora in latin-style cheeses by next-generation sequencing technology.cheese contamination can occur at numerous stages in the manufacturing process including the use of improperly pasteurized or raw milk. of concern is the potential contamination by listeria monocytogenes and other pathogenic bacteria that find the high moisture levels and moderate ph of popular latin-style cheeses like queso fresco a hospitable environment. in the investigation of a foodborne outbreak, samples typically undergo enrichment in broth for 24 hours followed by selective agar plating ...201223134566
susceptibility of listeria monocytogenes biofilms and planktonic cultures to hydrogen peroxide in food processing environments.recent studies have indicated that listeria monocytogenes formed biofilms on the surface of food processing equipment, and may survive sanitization treatments. the purpose of this study was to compare the susceptibility of l. monocytogenes grown in either a biofilm or planktonic culture when exposed to hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)). twelve strains of biofilm-forming l. monocytogenes and their planktonic counterparts were treated with various concentrations of h(2)o(2) (1, 6, and 10%), and the cel ...201223132560
risk factors for microbial contamination in fruits and vegetables at the preharvest level: a systematic review.the objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of risk factors for contamination of fruits and vegetables with listeria monocytogenes, salmonella, and escherichia coli o157:h7 at the preharvest level. relevant studies were identified by searching six electronic databases: medline, embase, cab abstracts, agris, agricola, and fsta, using the following thesaurus terms: l. monocytogenes, salmonella, e. coli o157 and fruit, vegetable. all search terms were exploded to find all related ...201223127717
effect of native microflora, waiting period, and storage temperature on listeria monocytogenes serovars transferred from cantaloupe rind to fresh-cut pieces during preparation.the most recent outbreak of listeriosis linked to consumption of fresh-cut cantaloupes indicates the need to investigate the behavior of listeria monocytogenes in the presence of native microflora of cantaloupe pieces during storage. whole cantaloupes were inoculated with l. monocytogenes (10(8)-cfu/ml suspension) for 10 min and air dried in a biosafety cabinet for 1 h and then treated (unwashed, water washed, and 2.5% hydrogen peroxide washed). fresh-cut pieces (∼3 cm) prepared from these melon ...201223127699
entry of listeria monocytogenes in mammalian epithelial cells: an updated view.listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial pathogen that promotes its internalization into host epithelial cells. interaction between the bacterial surface molecules inla and inlb and their cellular receptors e-cadherin and met, respectively, triggers the recruitment of endocytic effectors, the subversion of the phosphoinositide metabolism, and the remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton that lead to bacterial engulfment. additional bacterial surface and secreted virulence factors also contribute to ent ...201223125201
well-known but rare pathogen in neonates: listeria monocytogenes.listeria monocytogenes is a very important life-threatening bacteria in certain risk groups such as neonates, pregnant women, elderly people, transplant recipients and others with impaired cell-mediated immunity. however, its infections are very rare in healthy children. reports of listeriosis in newborn period are limited. we report a case of neonatal listeriosis with erythematous rash, intractable convulsions, severe early neonatal sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, multiple organ ...201223090810
the expression of superoxide dismutase (sod) and a putative abc transporter permease is inversely correlated during biofilm formation in listeria monocytogenes 4b g.little is known about the molecular basis of biofilm formation in listeria monocytogenes. the superoxide dismutase (sod) of the deletion mutant of lm.g_1771 gene, which encodes for a putative abc transporter permease, is highly expressed in biofilm. in this study, the sod gene deletion mutant δsod, and double deletion mutant of the sod and lm. g_1771 genes δ1771δsod were used to investigate the role of sod and its relationship to the expression of the putative abc transporter permease in biofilm ...201223119031
in vivo functional requirement of the mouse ifitm1 gene for germ cell development, interferon mediated immune response and somitogenesis.the mammalian interferon induced transmembrane protein 1 (ifitm1) gene was originally identified as a member of a gene family highly inducible by type i and type ii interferons. based on expression analyses, it was suggested to be required for normal primordial germ cell migration. the knockdown of ifitm1 in mouse embryos provided evidence for a role in somitogenesis. we generated the first targeted knockin allele of the ifitm1 gene to systematically reassess all inferred functions. sperm motili ...201223115618
meningoencephalitis due to listeria monocytogenes in a pregnant rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta).we here report a spontaneous case of meningoencephalitis due to listeria monocytogenes in an adult primiparous rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) during an outbreak of listeriosis in an outdoor enclosure. clinical signs included tremors, abnormal posture, and altered mental status. hematology and analyses of cerebrospinal fluid were consistent with bacterial infection. pure cultures of l. monocytogenes were recovered from the placenta-abortus, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain tissue. the macaque did ...201223114049
regulatory t cells increase the avidity of primary cd8+ t cell responses and promote memory.although regulatory t cells (t(regs)) are known to suppress self-reactive autoimmune responses, their role during t cell responses to nonself antigens is not well understood. we show that t(regs) play a critical role during the priming of immune responses in mice. t(reg) depletion induced the activation and expansion of a population of low-avidity cd8(+) t cells because of overproduction of ccl-3/4/5 chemokines, which stabilized the interactions between antigen-presenting dendritic cells and low ...201223112334
efficacy of household washing treatments for the control of listeria monocytogenes on salad vegetables.the efficacy of household decontamination methods at reducing listeria monocytogenes on fresh lettuce (lactuca sativa), cucumber (cucumis sativus) and parsley (petroselinum sativum) was studied. inoculated vegetable pieces were immersed in washing solutions and surviving l. monocytogenes enumerated. parameters investigated were storage temperature prior to washing, dipping water temperature, agitation, acetic acid concentration and immersion time. the results indicated that the storage temperatu ...201223107504
characterization of listeria monocytogenes isolates from cattle and ground beef by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.the aims of this study were to determine the occurrence of listeria monocytogenes in cattle feces and ground beef, to characterize these strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and to compare them to three listeria strains found in humans. cattle from different origins (n = 250) and ground beef obtained from supermarkets (n = 40) were sampled. the results show low occurrence in cattle feces (0.4 %) but a higher presence in ground beef (37 %). an important part of the ground beef strains (80 ...201223102469
dynamics of cd4(+) t cell responses against listeria monocytogenes.the generation of cd4(+) t cell memory cells is poorly understood. recently, two different murine cd4(+) tcr transgenic t cell lines, llo118 and llo56, both specific for the same epitope but differing in their expression level of the cell surface protein cd5, were generated. notably, these cell lines showed different behavior upon primary and secondary exposure to listeria monocytogenes. whereas llo118 showed a stronger primary response and generated more robust cd8(+) t cell help upon secondary ...201223100516
listeriosis outbreak caused by latin-style fresh cheese, bizkaia, spain, august 2012.two cases of laboratory-confirmed listeriosis were detected in bizkaia, spain, at the end of august. the epidemiological investigation indicated that these two cases were associated with the consumption of latin-style fresh cheese made from pasteurised milk in portugal. different batches of the same cheese were analysed and confirmed as contaminated with listeria monocytogenes. the product was withdrawn from the market and the population was advised not to consume this kind of cheese.201223098823
listeria monocytogenes infection in crohn's disease treated with adalimumab. 201223072245
rig-i detects infection with live listeria by sensing secreted bacterial nucleic acids.immunity against infection with listeria monocytogenes is not achieved from innate immune stimulation by contact with killed but requires viable listeria gaining access to the cytosol of infected cells. it has remained ill-defined how such immune sensing of live listeria occurs. here, we report that efficient cytosolic immune sensing requires access of nucleic acids derived from live listeria to the cytoplasm of infected cells. we found that listeria released nucleic acids and that such secreted ...201223064150
microparticles released by listeria monocytogenes-infected macrophages are required for dendritic cell-elicited protective immunity.interplay between macrophages and dendritic cells in the processing and presentation of bacterial antigens for t-cell immune responses remains poorly understood. using a listeria monocytogenes (lm) infection model, we demonstrate that dendritic cells (dcs) require the support of macrophages to elicit protective immunity against lm infection. dcs themselves were inefficient at taking up lm but capable of taking up microparticles (mps) released by lm-infected macrophages. these mps transferred lm ...201223064105
discriminating experimental listeria monocytogenes infections in mice using serum profiling.serum profiling was used to distinguish mice infected with wild-type or mutant listeria monocytogenes from noninfected control mice. identifications of significant electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (esi-ms) sera peak areas between listeria-infected- and control mice were performed using t tests. esi-ms cohort peak distributions differed from mice infected with wild-type or ∆acta listeria versus control mice with p values of 0.00012 and 0.015, respectively. a "% wild-type listeria peaks i ...201223053068
spray method for recovery of heat-injured salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes.selective agar is inadequate for supporting recovery of injured cells. during risk assessment of certain foods, both injured and noninjured cells must be enumerated. in this study, a new method (agar spray method) for recovering sublethally heat-injured microorganisms was developed and used for recovery of heat-injured salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes. molten selective agar was applied as an overlay to presolidified nonselective tryptic soy agar (tsa) by spray application. heat- ...201223043840
immune status and the development of listeria monocytogenes infection in aged and young guinea pigs.consuming even low numbers of the foodborne pathogen, listeria monocytogenes, places the elderly at risk for severe illness. the impact of immunomodulation on the development of listerial infection within a young and aged population after low dose challenge with l. monocytogenes was investigated.201223043712
silage collected from dairy farms harbors an abundance of listeriaphages with considerable host range and genome size diversity.since the food-borne pathogen listeria monocytogenes is common in dairy farm environments, it is likely that phages infecting this bacterium ("listeriaphages") are abundant on dairy farms. to better understand the ecology and diversity of listeriaphages on dairy farms and to develop a diverse phage collection for further studies, silage samples collected on two dairy farms were screened for l. monocytogenes and listeriaphages. while only 4.5% of silage samples tested positive for l. monocytogene ...201223042180
usefulness of the european epidemic intelligence information system in the management of an outbreak of listeriosis, belgium, 2011.a cluster of time-linked cases and the identification of a clonal strain suggest the occurrence of an outbreak of listeriosis in belgium in 2011, presumably due to the consumption of hard cheese made with pasteurised milk and produced by a belgium manufacturer. the outbreak clone was identified as listeria monocytogenes serovar 1/2a, sensitive to arsenic and cadmium and of multilocus sequence typing mlst-type 37. food investigation of this outbreak was facilitated by the european epidemic intell ...201223040965
histone acetylation mediates epigenetic regulation of transcriptional reprogramming in insects during metamorphosis, wounding and infection. 201223035888
effect of x-ray treatments on pathogenic bacteria, inherent microbiota, color, and texture on parsley leaves.this work is a part of systematic studies of the effect of x-ray treatments on fresh produce. the main objective of this investigation was to study the effects of x-ray treatments in reducing the concentration of artificially inoculated escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica, and shigella flexneri, and inherent microbiota on parsley leaves. the secondary objective was to study the effects of x-ray treatments on color and texture parameters on treated parsley leaves ...201223035726
4-1bb signaling breaks the tolerance of maternal cd8+ t cells that are reactive with alloantigens.4-1bb (cd137, tnfrsf9), a member of the activation-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family, is a powerful t-cell costimulatory molecule. it generally enhances cd8(+) t responses and even breaks the tolerance of cd8(+) t cells in an antigen-specific manner. in the present study we found that it was expressed in the placentas of pregnant mice and that its expression coincided with that of the immunesuppressive enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido). therefore, we investigated whether 4-1bb ...201223029041
distinct licensing of il-18 and il-1β secretion in response to nlrp3 inflammasome activation.inflammasome activation permits processing of interleukins (il)-1β and 18 and elicits cell death (pyroptosis). whether these responses are independently licensed or are "hard-wired" consequences of caspase-1 (casp1) activity has not been clear. here, we show that that each of these responses is independently regulated following activation of nlrp3 inflammasomes by a "non-canonical" stimulus, the secreted listeria monocytogenes (lm) p60 protein. primed murine dendritic cells (dcs) responded to p6 ...201223028835
infection-related declines in chill coma recovery and negative geotaxis in drosophila melanogaster.studies of infection in drosophila melanogaster provide insight into both mechanisms of host resistance and tolerance of pathogens. however, research into the pathways involved in these processes has been limited by the relatively few metrics that can be used to measure sickness and health throughout the course of infection. here we report measurements of infection-related declines in flies' performance on two different behavioral assays. d. melanogaster are slower to recover from a chill-induce ...201223028430
insights into cell division using listeria monocytogenes infections of ptk2 renal epithelial cells.the assembly of actin into a cleavage furrow is accompanied by disassembly of the interphase actin cytoskeleton. a variation of this actin filament disassembly/assembly cycle is seen during cell division in ptk2 cells infected with the intracellular pathogen, listeria monocytogenes, where f-actin associates with the bacteria either as a halo surrounding nonmoving bacteria, or as an array of filaments that encases the sides of moving baceteria and extends behind them like a tail. the moving liste ...201223027717
listeria monocytogenes differential transcriptome analysis reveals temperature-dependent agr regulation and suggests overlaps with other regulons.listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous, opportunistic pathogenic organism. environmental adaptation requires constant regulation of gene expression. among transcriptional regulators, agra is part of an auto-induction system. temperature is an environmental cue critical for in vivo adaptation. in order to investigate how temperature may affect agra-dependent transcription, we compared the transcriptomes of the parental strain l. monocytogenes egd-e and its δagra mutant at the saprophytic temperat ...201223024744
nanocapsular dispersion of thymol for enhanced dispersibility and increased antimicrobial effectiveness against escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes in model food systems.essential oils are marginally soluble in water, making it challenging to evenly disperse them in foods and resulting in an increased tendency to bind with food lipids and proteins, resulting in lowered antimicrobial efficacy. in the current study, free and nano-dispersed (nd) thymol were compared in terms of their antimicrobial efficacies against escherichia coli o157:h7 atcc 43889 and 43894 and listeria monocytogenes strains scott a and 101 in apple cider and 2% reduced-fat milk. apple cider wa ...201223023745
tetrameric assembly of kvlm k+ channels with defined numbers of voltage sensors.voltage-gated k(+) (kv) channels are tetrameric assemblies in which each modular subunit consists of a voltage sensor and a pore domain. kvlm, the voltage-gated k(+) channel from listeria monocytogenes, differs from other kv channels in that its voltage sensor contains only three out of the eight charged residues previously implicated in voltage gating. here, we ask how many sensors are required to produce a functional kv channel by investigating heterotetramers comprising combinations of full-l ...201223019583
transient enhanced il-2r signaling early during priming rapidly amplifies development of functional cd8+ t effector-memory cells.much is known concerning the cellular and molecular basis for cd8(+) t memory immune responses. nevertheless, conditions that selectively support memory generation have remained elusive. in this study, we show that an immunization regimen that delivers tcr signals through a defined antigenic peptide, inflammatory signals through lps, and growth and differentiation signals through the il-2r initially favors ag-specific cd8(+) t cells to develop rapidly and substantially into t effector-memory cel ...201223018461
impact of ionic strength of growth on the physiochemical properties, structure, and adhesion of listeria monocytogenes polyelectrolyte brushes to a silicon nitride surface in water.the adhesion energies between pathogenic listeria monocytogenes egde to a model surface of silicon nitride were quantified using atomic force microscopy (afm) in water for cells grown in pure media (as the control) and in media of four different ionic strengths of added nacl (is of 0.05 m, 0.1 m, 0.3 m and 0.5 m nacl). the physiochemical properties of l. monocytogenes egde surface brushes were shown to have a strong influence on the adhesion of the microbe to the silicon nitride surface. the tra ...201223010316
development of memory cd8+ t cells and their recall responses during blood-stage infection with plasmodium berghei anka.conditions required for establishing protective immune memory vary depending on the infecting microbe. although the memory immune response against malaria infection is generally thought to be relatively slow to develop and can be lost rapidly, experimental evidence is insufficient. in this report, we investigated the generation, maintenance, and recall responses of ag-specific memory cd8(+) t cells using plasmodium berghei anka expressing ova (pba-ova) as a model system. mice were transferred wi ...201223008449
role for telomerase in listeria monocytogenes infection.human telomerase reverse transcriptase (htert) is the catalytic subunit of the human telomerase complex. growing evidence suggests that htert also contributes to the cell physiology independently of telomere elongation. however, its role in bacterial infection is unknown. here we show that htert is critical for listeria monocytogenes infection, as the depletion of htert impaired bacterial intracellular replication. in addition, we observed that l. monocytogenes caused a decrease in htert levels ...201223006849
inducible renitence limits listeria monocytogenes escape from vacuoles in macrophages.membranes of endolysosomal compartments in macrophages are often damaged by physical or chemical effects of particles ingested through phagocytosis or by toxins secreted by intracellular pathogens. this study identified a novel inducible activity in macrophages that increases resistance of phagosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes to membrane damage. pretreatment of murine macrophages with lps, peptidoglycan, tnf-α, or ifn-γ conferred protection against subsequent damage to intracellular membran ...201223002437
wall teichoic acids restrict access of bacteriophage endolysin ply118, ply511, and plyp40 cell wall binding domains to the listeria monocytogenes peptidoglycan.the c-terminal cell wall binding domains (cbds) of phage endolysins direct the enzymes to their binding ligands on the bacterial cell wall with high affinity and specificity. the listeria monocytogenes ply118, ply511, and plyp40 endolysins feature related cbds which recognize the directly cross-linked peptidoglycan backbone structure of listeria. however, decoration with fluorescently labeled cbds primarily occurs at the poles and septal regions of the rod-shaped cells. to elucidate the potentia ...201223002226
a combined use of autolysin p60 and listeriolysin o antigens induces high protective immune responses against listeria monocytogenes infection.listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular bacterium responsible for listeriosis in both humans and animals. infected livestock is believed to be one source of this pathogen. vaccination is an optimal approach to control the occurrence of this disease in livestock. however, inactivated vaccines have been reported to be insufficient to offer immune protection against l. monocytogenes. here we evaluated the immune protection capacity of a combination of recombinant p60 and llo. mice immunized with ...201223001425
exendin-4 improves resistance to listeria monocytogenes infection in diabetic db/db mice.the incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing among companion animals. this disease has similar characteristics in both humans and animals. diabetes is frequently identified as an independent risk factor for infections associated with increased mortality. in the present study, homozygous diabetic (db/db) mice were infected with listeria (l.) monocytogenes and then treated with the anti-diabetic drug exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide 1 analogue. in aged db/db mice, decreased cd11b(+) macropha ...201223000581
[occurrence and typing of listeria monocytogenes isolated from raw cow's milk collected on farms and from vending machines].evaluation of the incidence and characteristics of l. monocytogenes in samples of raw cow's milk collected on farms (bulk tank milk samples) and from vending machines.201222997776
antibacterial soybean-oil-based cationic polyurethane coatings prepared from different amino polyols.antibacterial soybean-oil-based cationic polyurethane (pu) coatings have been successfully prepared from five different amino polyols. the structure and hydroxyl functionality of these amino polyols affects the particle morphology, mechanical properties, thermal stability, and antibacterial properties of the resulting coatings. an increase in the hydroxyl functionality of the amino polyols increases the cross-link density, resulting in an increased glass transition temperature and improved mecha ...201222997044
bacteriophage p70: unique morphology and unrelatedness to other listeria bacteriophages.listeria monocytogenes is an important food-borne pathogen, and its bacteriophages find many uses in detection and biocontrol of its host. the novel broad-host-range virulent phage p70 has a unique morphology with an elongated capsid. its genome sequence was determined by a hybrid sequencing strategy employing sanger and pacbio techniques. the p70 genome contains 67,170 bp and 119 open reading frames (orfs). our analyses suggest that p70 represents an archetype of virus unrelated to other known ...201222993158
listeria monocytogenes in retailed raw chicken meat in malaysia.this study aimed to determine the prevalence listeria monocytogenes in raw chicken meat samples at hypermarkets and wet markets. chicken drumsticks, breasts, and thighs were randomly selected. the most probable number (mpn) pcr method was used to quantify the l. monocytogenes in the samples. listeria monocytogenes was detected in 20% of the samples. occurrence of l. monocytogenes was highest in breast (42.03%) followed by drumstick (11.27%) and thigh (7.14%). samples from hypermarkets showed hig ...201222991558
quantitative real-time pcr method with internal amplification control to quantify cyclopiazonic acid producing molds in foods.a quantitative taqman real-time pcr (qpcr) method that includes an internal amplification control (iac) to quantify cyclopiazonic acid (cpa)-producing molds in foods has been developed. a specific primer pair (dmatf/dmatr) and a taqman probe (dmatp) were designed on the basis of dmat gene which encodes the enzyme dimethylallyl tryptophan synthase involved in the biosynthesis of cpa. the iac consisted of a 105 bp chimeric dna fragment containing a region of the hly gene of listeria monocytogenes. ...201222986206
control of listeria monocytogenes and spoilage bacteria on smoked salmon during storage at 5 °c after x-ray irradiation.in this study, smoked salmon fillets were artificially inoculated with listeria monocytogenes (3.7 ± 0.2 log cfu g(-1)) and treated with x-ray irradiation generated by a rs 2400 x-ray machine (rad source technologies inc.) using doses of 0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 kgy. unirradiated and irradiated samples were then stored at 5 °c for 35 days and tested for l. monocytogenes count after 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 days. also, uninoculated-untreated and uninoculated-treated samples with the lo ...201222986195
a common clathrin-mediated machinery co-ordinates cell-cell adhesion and bacterial internalization.invasive bacterial pathogens often target cellular proteins involved in adhesion as a first event during infection. for example, listeria monocytogenes uses the bacterial protein inla to interact with e-cadherin, hijack the host adherens junction (aj) machinery and invade non-phagocytic cells by a clathrin-dependent mechanism. here, we investigate a potential role for clathrin in cell-cell adhesion. we observed that the initial steps of aj formation trigger the phosphorylation of clathrin, and i ...201222984946
modeling the growth of listeria monocytogenes in soft blue-white cheese.the aim of this study was to develop a predictive model simulating growth over time of the pathogenic bacterium listeria monocytogenes in a soft blue-white cheese. the physicochemical properties in a matrix such as cheese are essential controlling factors influencing the growth of l. monocytogenes. we developed a predictive tertiary model of the bacterial growth of l. monocytogenes as a function of temperature, ph, nacl, and lactic acid. we measured the variations over time of the physicochemica ...201222983971
the exclusive use of flow cytometry to evaluate the antibiotic-susceptibility.live and injured bacteria cannot be successfully discriminated using flow cytometric methods (fcm) with commercial live/dead staining agents because injured cells have intact cell membranes and are counted as live cells. we previously reported that photoactivated ethidium monoazide (ema) directly cleaves bacterial dna both in vivo and in vitro (microbiol. immunol. 51:763-775, 2007).201222982588
adaptive acid tolerance response of listeria monocytogenes strains under planktonic and immobilized growth conditions.the acid resistance of listeria monocytogenes was evaluated: (i) after short (shock) or long-term (adaptation during growth) exposure to reduced (5.5) or neutral (7.2) ph in a liquid (broth) medium or on a solid surface (agar), and (ii) after growth on the surface of ham and turkey slices or in homogenates of these products. three l. monocytogenes strains (serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b and 4b) were individually inoculated at: (i) 10(4)-10(5)cfu/ml in tryptic soy broth with 0.6% yeast extract (tsbye) or o ...201222980026
reduction of listeria monocytogenes biofilms on stainless steel and polystyrene surfaces by essential oils.plant-derived essential oils were tested for their ability to eliminate biofilms of listeria monocytogenes on polystyrene and stainless steel surfaces. various concentrations of essential oils were tested with different contact times on biofilms of various ages. preliminarily screening of nine essential oils and related phenolic compounds in a disk diffusion assay revealed that thyme oil, oregano oil, and carvacrol had the highest antimicrobial activity. further screening of these three compound ...201222980020
using nested pcr to detect the hlya gene of listeria monocytogenes in minas frescal cow's milk cheese.to evaluate a nested pcr protocol for listeria monocytogenes detection, minas frescal cow's milk cheeses were produced, artificially inoculated with this pathogen at concentrations ranging from 1 to 1,000 cfu/g, and stored at 4°c for 10 days. the international organization for standardization (iso) standardized method 11290-1/a1 was used to detect l. monocytogenes in the inoculated samples, and dna was extracted from aliquots (1, 5, and 10 ml) of 1:10 dilution, followed by a nested pcr protocol ...201222980018
health professionals' knowledge and understanding about listeria monocytogenes indicates a need for improved professional training.listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis, an uncommon but potentially fatal disease in immunocompromised persons, with a public health burden of approximately $2 billion annually. those consumers most at risk are the highly susceptible populations otherwise known as the immunocompromised. health professionals have a considerable amount of interaction with the immunocompromised and are therefore a valuable resource for providing appropriate safe food handling information. to determine how knowle ...201222980015
annual cost of illness and quality-adjusted life year losses in the united states due to 14 foodborne pathogens.in this article we estimate the annual cost of illness and quality-adjusted life year (qaly) loss in the united states caused by 14 of the 31 major foodborne pathogens reported on by scallan et al. (emerg. infect. dis. 17:7-15, 2011), based on their incidence estimates of foodborne illness in the united states. these 14 pathogens account for 95 % of illnesses and hospitalizations and 98 % of deaths due to identifiable pathogens estimated by scallan et al. we estimate that these 14 pathogens caus ...201222980013
inhibitory effect of carob (ceratonia siliqua) leaves methanolic extract on listeria monocytogenes.in recent years, there has been great development in the search for new natural compounds for food preservation aimed at a partial or total replacement of currently popular antimicrobial chemicals. carob (ceratonia siliqua) offers a natural promising alternative for food safety and bioconservation. in this work, the methanolic extract of carob leaves (mecl) was tested for the ability to inhibit the growth of a range of microorganisms. mecl inhibited the growth of listeria monocytogenes at 28.12 ...201222978382
the intestinal microbiota interferes with the microrna response upon oral listeria infection.the intestinal tract is the largest reservoir of microbes in the human body. the intestinal microbiota is thought to be able to modulate alterations of the gut induced by enteropathogens, thereby maintaining homeostasis. listeria monocytogenes is the agent of listeriosis, an infection transmitted to humans upon ingestion of contaminated food. crossing of the intestinal barrier is a critical step of the infection before dissemination into deeper organs. here, we investigated the role of the intes ...201324327339
mycobacterium tuberculosis and the host cell inflammasome: a complex relationship.the production of il-1β during the infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) is important for successful host immune defense. in macrophages and dendritic cells the host cell inflammasome is crucial for generation of secreted il-1β in response to mtb infections. in these cell types mtb infection only activates the nlrp3-inflammasome. new reports demonstrate that nitric oxide has an important function in the negative regulation of the nlrp3-inflammasome to reduce tissue damage during mtb in ...201324130966
nsd1 mitigates caspase-1 activation by listeriolysin o in macrophages.mammals and plants share pathogen-sensing systems named nod-like receptors (nlrs). some nlrs form the inflammasome, a protein scaffold that regulates the secretion of interleukin (il)-1β and il-18 by cleaving catalytically inactive substrates into mature cytokines. here, we show an immune conservation between plant and mammalian nlrs and demonstrate that the murine nuclear receptor binding set domain protein 1 (nsd1), a protein that bears similarity to the nlr regulator enhanced downy mildew 2 ( ...201324058709
a mariner transposon-based signature-tagged mutagenesis system for the analysis of oral infection by listeria monocytogenes.listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive foodborne pathogen and the causative agent of listerosis a disease that manifests predominately as meningitis in the non-pregnant individual or infection of the fetus and spontaneous abortion in pregnant women. common-source outbreaks of foodborne listeriosis are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. however, relatively little is known concerning the mechanisms that govern infection via the oral route. in order to aid functional genetic an ...201324069416
a heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategy comprising the francisella tularensis live vaccine strain capb mutant and recombinant attenuated listeria monocytogenes expressing f. tularensis iglc induces potent protective immunity in mice against virulent f. tularensis aerosol challenge.francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is a category a bioterrorism agent. a vaccine that is safer and more effective than the currently available unlicensed f. tularensis live vaccine strain (lvs) is needed to protect against intentional release of aerosolized f. tularensis, the most dangerous type of exposure. in this study, we employed a heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategy comprising intradermally administered lvs δcapb (highly attenuated capb-deficient lvs mutant ...201323439306
confounding roles for type i interferons during bacterial and viral pathogenesis.although type i interferons (ifn-i) were initially defined as potent antiviral agents, they can also cause decreased host resistance to some bacterial and viral infections. the many antiviral functions of the ifn-i include direct suppression of viral replication and activation of the immune response against viruses. in addition to their antiviral effects, ifn-i are also protective against several extracellular bacterial infections, in part, by promoting the induction of tnf-α and nitric oxide. i ...201324158954
sting/mpys mediates host defense against listeria monocytogenes infection by regulating ly6c(hi) monocyte migration.mpys (also known as sting, mita, and tmem173) is a type i ifn stimulator that is essential for host defense against dna virus infection and appears important in defense against certain bacteria. the in vivo significance and mechanisms by which mpys mediates host defense against nonviral pathogens are unknown. using an mpys-deficient mouse (tmem173(<tm1camb>)), we determined that, distinct from the ifnar(-/-) mice, mpys deficiency leads to increased bacterial burden in the liver upon listeria mon ...201323378430
ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm infected with listeria monocytogenes: a case report and a review of literature.a 75-year-old male with a history of alcoholic liver cirrhosis, sigmoid colon cancer, and metastatic liver cancer was admitted to our institution with a complaint of a prickly feeling in his chest. on admission, a chest radiograph revealed a normal cardio-thoracic ratio of 47%. echocardiography revealed pericardial effusion and blood chemical analyses revealed elevated c-reactive protein levels (14.7 mg/dl). on day 3, chest radiography revealed cardiomegaly with a cardio-thoracic ratio of 58% an ...201325512697
co-culture with listeria monocytogenes within a dual-species biofilm community strongly increases resistance of pseudomonas putida to benzalkonium chloride.biofilm formation is a phenomenon occurring almost wherever microorganisms and surfaces exist in close proximity. this study aimed to evaluate the possible influence of bacterial interactions on the ability of listeria monocytogenes and pseudomonas putida to develop a dual-species biofilm community on stainless steel (ss), as well as on the subsequent resistance of their sessile cells to benzalkonium chloride (bc) used in inadequate (sub-lethal) concentration (50 ppm). the possible progressive a ...201324130873
cycles of light and dark co-ordinate reversible colony differentiation in listeria monocytogenes.recently, several light receptors have been identified in non-phototrophic bacteria, but their physiological roles still remain rather elusive. here we show that colonies of the saprophytic bacterium listeria monocytogenes undergo synchronized multicellular behaviour on agar plates, in response to oscillating light/dark conditions, giving rise to alternating ring formation (opaque and translucent rings). on agar plates, bacteria from opaque rings survive increased levels of reactive oxygen speci ...201323331346
display of multimeric antimicrobial peptides on the escherichia coli cell surface and its application as whole-cell antibiotics.concerns over the increasing emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic microorganisms due to the overuse of antibiotics and the lack of effective antibiotics for livestock have prompted efforts to develop alternatives to conventional antibiotics. antimicrobial peptides (amps) with a broad-spectrum activity and rapid killing, along with little opportunity for the development of resistance, represent one of the promising novel alternatives. their high production cost and cytotoxicity, however, ...201323516591
dual role of ccpc protein in regulation of aconitase gene expression in listeria monocytogenes and bacillus subtilis.the role of the ccpc regulatory protein as a repressor of the genes encoding the tricarboxylic acid branch enzymes of the krebs cycle (citrate synthase, citz; aconitase, citb; and isocitrate dehydrogenase, citc) has been established for both bacillus subtilis and listeria monocytogenes. in addition, hyperexpression of citb-lacz reporter constructs in an aconitase null mutant strain has been reported for b. subtilis. we show here that such hyperexpression of citb occurs in l. monocytogenes as wel ...201323139400
membrane chaperone secdf plays a role in the secretion of listeria monocytogenes major virulence factors.listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive human intracellular pathogen that infects diverse mammalian cells. upon invasion, l. monocytogenes secretes multiple virulence factors that target host cellular processes and promote infection. it has been presumed, but was not empirically established, that the sec translocation system is the primary mediator of this secretion. here, we validate an important role for secdf, a component of the sec system, in the secretion of several critical l. monocytoge ...201324056100
bilateral optic perineuritis as the presenting feature of giant cell arteritis.optic perineuritis (opn) is an uncommon inflammatory disorder of the optic nerve sheath. most cases are idiopathic, though opn can rarely occur as a manifestation of vasculitic diseases. we describe the case of a 74-year-old caucasian man presenting with diplopia and bilateral visual loss. a brain mri showed bilateral opn without involvement of other structures. all the tests performed to investigate opn's aetiology showed negative results. considering clinical presentation and neuroimaging find ...201323365154
enterocin t, a novel class iia bacteriocin produced by enterococcus sp. 812.enterococcus sp. 812, isolated from fresh broccoli, was previously found to produce a bacteriocin active against a number of gram-positive bacteria, including listeria monocytogenes. bacteriocin activity decreased slightly after autoclaving (121 °c for 15 min), but was inactivated by protease k. mass spectrometry analysis revealed the bacteriocin mass to be approximately 4,521.34 da. n-terminal amino acid sequencing yielded a partial sequence, nh2-atyygngvyxdkkkxwvewgqa, by edman degradation, wh ...201323912616
enhanced bactericidal effect of enterocin a in combination with thyme essential oils against l. monocytogenes and e. coli o157:h7.the combined effects of enterocin a with thymus vulgaris essential oils (eos) against listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli o157:h7 were investigated in vitro by enumeration of surviving populations of testing pathogens and minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) determination. enterocin a was purified to homogeneity by rp-hplc from the culture fluid of enterococcus strain and thyme eos were extracted from local thymus vulgaris plants. the major constituent of thyme eos oils determined by g ...201325829595
bactofencin a, a new type of cationic bacteriocin with unusual immunity.bacteriocin production is an important probiotic trait of intestinal bacteria. in this study, we identify a new type of bacteriocin, bactofencin a, produced by a porcine intestinal isolate lactobacillus salivarius dpc6502, and assess its potency against pathogenic species including staphylococcus aureus and listeria monocytogenes. genome sequencing of the bacteriocin producer revealed bfna, which encodes the mature and highly basic (pi 10.59), 22-amino-acid defensin-like peptide. matrix-assisted ...201324169573
critical role of a ferritin-like protein in the control of listeria monocytogenes cell envelope structure and stability under β-lactam pressure.the human pathogen listeria monocytogenes is susceptible to the β-lactam antibiotics penicillin g and ampicillin, and these are the drugs of choice for the treatment of listerial infections. however, these antibiotics exert only a bacteriostatic effect on this bacterium and consequently, l. monocytogenes is regarded as β-lactam tolerant. it is widely accepted that the phenomenon of bacterial tolerance to β-lactams is due to the lack of adequate autolysin activity, but the mechanisms of l. monocy ...201324204978
purification and characterization of bacteriocin produced by lactobacillus brevis un isolated from dhulliachar: a traditional food product of north east india.a bacteriocin producing strain lactobacillus brevis un isolated from dulliachar-a salted pickle and identified by biochemical and molecular methods. l. brevis un was found to produce bacteriocin with broad spectrum activity against spoilage causing/food borne pathogens viz. l. monocytogenes, c. perfringens, s. aureus, l. mesenteroides, l. plantarum and b. cereus. bacteriocin production was optimized through classical one variable at a time method. the isolate showed maximum bacteriocin productio ...201325320420
phage display-derived binders able to distinguish listeria monocytogenes from other listeria species.the objective of this study was to produce phage display-derived binders with the ability to distinguish listeria monocytogenes from other listeria spp., which may have potential utility to enhance detection of listeria monocytogenes. to obtain binders with the desired binding specificity a series of surface and solution phage-display biopannings were performed. initially, three rounds of surface biopanning against gamma-irradiated l. monocytogenes serovar 4b cells were performed followed by an ...201324040227
antibody to a conserved antigenic target is protective against diverse prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens.microbial capsular antigens are effective vaccines but are chemically and immunologically diverse, resulting in a major barrier to their use against multiple pathogens. a β-(1→6)-linked poly-n-acetyl-d-glucosamine (pnag) surface capsule is synthesized by four proteins encoded in genetic loci designated intercellular adhesion in staphylococcus aureus or polyglucosamine in selected gram-negative bacterial pathogens. we report that many microbial pathogens lacking an identifiable intercellular adhe ...201323716675
acta promotes listeria monocytogenes aggregation, intestinal colonization and carriage.listeria monocytogenes (lm) is a ubiquitous bacterium able to survive and thrive within the environment and readily colonizes a wide range of substrates, often as a biofilm. it is also a facultative intracellular pathogen, which actively invades diverse hosts and induces listeriosis. so far, these two complementary facets of lm biology have been studied independently. here we demonstrate that the major lm virulence determinant acta, a prfa-regulated gene product enabling actin polymerization and ...201323382675
postenrichment population differentials using buffered listeria enrichment broth: implications of the presence of listeria innocua on listeria monocytogenes in food test samples.the recovery of low levels of listeria monocytogenes from foods is complicated by the presence of competing microorganisms. nonpathogenic species of listeria pose a particular problem because variation in growth rate during the enrichment step can produce more colonies of these nontarget cells on selective and/or differential media, resulting in a preferential recovery of nonpathogens, especially listeria innocua. to gauge the extent of this statistical barrier to pathogen recovery, 10 isolates ...201324215687
effects of antimicrobial coatings and cryogenic freezing on survival and growth of listeria innocua on frozen ready-to-eat shrimp during thawing.foodborne pathogens such as listeria monocytogenes could pose a health risk on frozen ready-to-eat (rte) shrimp as the pathogen could grow following thawing. in this study, antimicrobial-coating treatments alone, or in combination with cryogenic freezing, were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of listeria innocua, a surrogate for l. monocytogenes, on rte shrimp. cooked rte shrimp were inoculated with l. innocua at 3 population levels and treated with coating solutions consisting ...201323957407
identification and evaluation of the probiotic potential of lactobacillus paraplantarum ft259, a bacteriocinogenic strain isolated from brazilian semi-hard artisanal cheese.this study aimed to identify a bacteriocinogenic lactobacillus isolate (ft259) obtained from brazilian semi-hard minas type cheese and to evaluate its probiotic and antimicrobial potentials. the strain was identified by biochemical tests (at genus level), and by 16s rdna sequencing combined with reca gene amplification (for species). to determine the inhibitory spectrum towards food borne pathogens and lactic acid bacteria, the spot-on-the-lawn assay was carried out. moreover, the proteinaceous ...201323792229
refined liquid smoke: a potential antilisterial additive to cold-smoked sockeye salmon (oncorhynchus nerka).cold-smoked salmon (css) is a potentially hazardous ready-to-eat food product due to the high risk of contamination with listeria monocytogenes and lack of a listericidal step. we investigated the antilisterial property of liquid smokes (ls) against listeria innocua atcc 33090 (surrogate to l. monocytogenes) as a potential supplement to vacuum-packaged css. a full-strength ls (code 10-poly), and three commercially refined fractions (am-3, am-10, and 1291) having less color and flavor (lower cont ...201323643122
characterization and antilisterial effect of phosphatidylcholine nanovesicles containing the antimicrobial peptide pediocin.encapsulation may provide increased stability and antimicrobial efficiency to bacteriocins. in this work, the antilisterial peptide pediocin was encapsulated in nanovesicles prepared from partially purified soybean phosphatidylcholine. the maintenance of antimicrobial activity and properties of free and encapsulated pediocin was observed during 13 days at 4 °c, and after this period, the encapsulated pediocin retained 50 % its initial activity. the maintenance of the bioactive properties of free ...201326782604
consumer method to control salmonella and listeria species in shrimp.the purpose of this study was to determine whether the current consumer method of boiling shrimp until floating and pink in color is adequate for destroying listeria and salmonella. shrimp samples were submerged in bacterial suspensions of listeria and salmonella for 30 min and allowed to air dry for 1 h under a biosafety cabinet. color parameters were then measured with a spectrophotometer programmed with the cielab system. twenty-four shrimp samples were divided into groups (days 0, 1, or 2) a ...201323317857
probiotic-mediated competition, exclusion and displacement in biofilm formation by food-borne pathogens.the objective of this study was to examine the inhibitory effect of probiotic strains on pathogenic biofilm formation in terms of competition, exclusion and displacement. probiotic strains (lactobacillus acidophilus kacc 12419, lact. casei kacc 12413, lact. paracasei kacc 12427 and lact. rhamnosus kacc 11953) and pathogens (salmonella typhimurium kccm 40253 and listeria monocytogenes kacc 12671) were used to evaluate the auto-aggregation, hydrophobicity and biofilm formation inhibition. the high ...201323362863
suppression of listeria monocytogenes by the native micro-flora in teewurst sausage.modern consumers are interested in the use of non-chemical methods to control pathogens when heat sterilization is not an option. such is the case with teewurst sausage, a raw spreadable sausage and a popular german commodity. although listeria was not found in teewurst, the optimal microbial growing conditions of teewurst coupled with the ubiquity of l. monocytogenes in nature, makes the possibility of contamination of products very possible. this pilot study was conducted to examine teewurst's ...201328239131
characterization of functional, safety, and gut survival related characteristics of lactobacillus strains isolated from farmhouse goat's milk cheeses.a set of 80 lactobacillus strains (36 lactobacillus plantarum and 44 lactobacillus paracasei) isolated from spanish farmhouse cheeses have been studied as to their functional and safety properties and their survival under gut-related conditions. none of these 80 lactobacillus strains were able to hydrolyse starch. a high percentage of l. plantarum and l. paracasei strains were, however, capable of hydrolysing casein (86.1% and 68.2% respectively). for the other characteristics investigated, l. p ...201323558197
fate of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis and listeria monocytogenes during storage of fermented green table olives in brine.the survival of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis and listeria monocytogenes during the storage of fermented green table olives cv. halkidiki in brine was studied in parallel with the evolution of lactic acid bacteria (lab), yeasts and ph. the olives were previously fermented with a starter culture (a potential probiotic strain of lactobacillus pentosus b281--starter process) or with the indigenous microbiota (control). after the end of fermentation, olives were placed in brine, i ...201323764213
biotechnological production of phenyllactic acid and biosurfactants from trimming vine shoot hydrolyzates by microbial coculture fermentation.coculture fermentations show advantages for producing food additives from agroindustrial wastes, considering that different specified microbial strains are combined to improve the consumption of mixed sugars obtained by hydrolysis. this technology dovetails with both the growing interest of consumers towards the use of natural food additives and with stricter legislations and concern in developed countries towards the management of wastes. the use of this technology allows valorization of both c ...201323417349
interferon γ-induced intratumoral expression of cxcl9 alters the local distribution of t cells following immunotherapy with listeria monocytogenes.the ability of listeria monocytogenes-based anticancer vaccines to induce tumor regression depends on the responsiveness of malignant cells to interferon γ (ifnγ). inhibition of ifnγ limits the recruitment of t cells to the tumors of vaccinated mice. we hypothesized that vaccination with immunotherapeutic l. monocytogenes induces the ifnγ-dependent production of chemokines that regulate the migration of tumor-infiltrating t cells. to gain further insights into this issue, we examined the chemoki ...201324083082
listeria monocytogenes-derived listeriolysin o has pathogen-associated molecular pattern-like properties independent of its hemolytic ability.there is a constant need for improved adjuvants to augment the induction of immune responses against tumor-associated antigens (taa) during immunotherapy. previous studies have established that listeriolysin o (llo), a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin derived from listeria monocytogenes, exhibits multifaceted effects to boost the stimulation of immune responses to a variety of antigens. however, the direct ability of llo as an adjuvant and whether it acts as a pathogen-associated molecular patter ...201323136118
an attenuated listeria monocytogenes vector primes more potent simian immunodeficiency virus-specific mucosal immunity than dna vaccines in mice.a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) vaccine that induces potent immune responses in the gastrointestinal mucosa would be highly desirable. here we show that attenuated recombinant listeria monocytogenes, administered orally utilizing its natural route of infection, induces potent mucosal as well as systemic immune responses in mice. moreover, these responses can be boosted efficiently with replication-incompetent adenoviral vectors. l. monocytogenes elicited more potent simian immunode ...201323388715
[rapid identification of meningitis due to bacterial pathogens].we constructed a new real-time pcr method to detect causative pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from patient due to bacterial meningitis. the eight pathogens targeted in the pcr are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus agalactiae, staphylococcus aurues, neisseria meningitides, listeria monocytogenes, esherichia coli, and mycoplasma pneumoniae. the total time from dna extraction from csf to pcr analysis was 1.5 hour. the pathogens were detected in 72% of the csf sa ...201324291923
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