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first japanese case of infectious endocarditis due to enterococcus faecalis small-colony variants.a male patient was admitted to our hospital due to infectious endocarditis. he had been treated with levofloxacin for 6 weeks, sulbactam/cefoperazone for 4 weeks, and benzylpenicillin for 2 days prior to valve replacement surgery. gram-positive cocci, with morphology consistent with γ-streptococcus, were detected in blood cultures obtained at admission, as well as in vegetation obtained from the aortic valve. however, the strain could not be identified using biochemical methods. sequencing of th ...201627094238
antimicrobial activity of tetraacetylethylenediamine-sodium perborate versus sodium hypochlorite against enterococcus faecalis.background. this study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of tetraacetylethylenediamine-sodium perborate (taed-sp) in comparison to 2.5% and 5% sodium hypochlorite (naocl) against enterococcus faecalis. methods. a standard suspension of e. faecalis was inoculated on 60 plates containing mueller-hinton agar culture medium. four sterile disks of beckman filtration paper were placed on each plate. taed-sp, 5% and 2.5% naocl were placed on three disks. sterile physiologic saline was placed on the ...201627092214
q69 (an e. faecalis-infecting bacteriophage) as a biocontrol agent for reducing tyramine in dairy products.biogenic amines (bas) are low molecular weight nitrogenous compounds with biological activity, formed from amino acids by decarboxylation. bas are naturally present in all living organisms playing essential roles. however, their accumulation in food through the metabolic activity of certain microorganisms constitutes a toxicological hazard. among foods, cheeses accumulate some of the highest concentrations of bas since they provide an ideal environment for their accumulation. most of the methods ...201627092117
nondermal irritating hyperosmotic nanoemulsions reduce treatment times in a contamination model of wound healing.increased microbial burden within the wound often complicates wound healing and may lead to subsequent infection or delayed healing. here, we investigate a novel topical for addressing wound contamination that utilizes hyperosmotic saccharides with a cell membrane disrupting emulsion. these hyperosmotic nanoemulsions (hne) were administered topically in a full-thickness biopsy model of wound healing. results show that hne were well tolerated in noninfected animals with no indications of dermal i ...201627090977
complete genome sequence of enterococcus faecalis ld33, a bacteriocin-producing strain.enterococcus faecalis ld33 strain was originally isolated from traditional naturally fermented cream in inner mongolia of china. its complete genome sequence was carried out using the illumina hiseq and the pacbio rsii platform. the genome only has a circular chromosome and a gc content of 37.58%. other core information shown in the genome sequencing results further insight on this bacterium's genetic elements for bacteriocin production and the genes related to respiratory chain.201627090021
effect of the quorum-sensing luxs gene on biofilm formation by enterococcus faecalis.enterococcus faecalis is the species of bacterium most frequently isolated from the root canals of teeth that exhibit chronic apical periodontitis refractory to endodontic treatment. in this study, we evaluated the effect of the s-ribosylhomocysteine lyase (luxs) quorum-sensing gene on e. faecalis biofilm formation by constructing a knockout mutant. the biofilms formed by both e. faecalis and its luxs mutant strain were evaluated using the mtt method. important parameters that influence biofilm ...201627080421
comparison of clinical outcomes and risk factors in polymicrobial versus monomicrobial enterococcal bloodstream infections.enterococcal bloodstream infections (ebsis) are frequently polymicrobial but scant data describe the outcomes and risk factors of polymicrobial ebsi. this study describes the outcomes and risk factors of polymicrobial versus monomicrobial ebsi.201627079241
effect of dietary starch source and concentration on equine fecal microbiota.starch from corn is less susceptible to equine small intestinal digestion than starch from oats, and starch that reaches the hindgut can be utilized by the microbiota. the objective of the current study was to examine the effects of starch source on equine fecal microbiota. thirty horses were assigned to treatments: control (hay only), hc (high corn), ho (high oats), lc (low corn), lo (low oats), and lw (low pelleted wheat middlings). horses received an all-forage diet (2 wk; d -14 to d -1) befo ...201627128793
the efficacy of umbelliferone, arbutin, and n-acetylcysteine to prevent microbial colonization and biofilm development on urinary catheter surface: results from a preliminary study.we evaluated, in a preliminary study, the efficacy of umbelliferone, arbutin, and n-acetylcysteine to inhibit biofilm formation on urinary catheter. we used 20 urinary catheters: 5 catheters were incubated with enterococcus faecalis (control group); 5 catheters were incubated with e. faecalis in presence of umbelliferone (150 mg), arbutin (60 mg), and n-acetylcysteine (150 mg) (group 1); 5 catheters were incubated with e. faecalis in presence of umbelliferone (150 mg), arbutin (60 mg), and n-ace ...201627127655
light-activated polymethylmethacrylate nanofibers with antibacterial activity.the creation of an antibacterial material with triggerable properties enables us to avoid the overuse or misuse of antibacterial substances and, thus, prevent the emergence of resistant bacterial strains. as a potential light-activated antibacterial material, polymethylmethacrylate (pmma) nanofibers doped with silver nanoparticles (agnps) and meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (tpp) were prepared by electrospinning. tpp was chosen as an effectively reactive oxygen species (ros) producer. antibacterial te ...201627127048
solar inactivation of enterococci and escherichia coli in natural waters: effects of water absorbance and depth.the decay of sewage-sourced escherichia coli and enterococci was measured at multiple depths in a freshwater marsh, a brackish water lagoon, and a marine site, all located in california. the marine site had very clear water, while the waters from the marsh and lagoon contained colored dissolved organic matter that not only blocked light but also produced reactive oxygen species. first order decay rate constants of both enterococci and e. coli were between 1 and 2 d(-1) under low light conditions ...201627119980
sealing ability of mta, cpm, and mbpc as root-end filling materials: a bacterial leakage study.objectives to evaluate the sealing ability of three root-end filling materials (white mta, cpm, and mbpc) using an enterococcus faecalis leakage model. material and methods seventy single-root extracted human teeth were instrumented and root-ends were resected to prepare 3 mm depth cavities. root-end preparations were filled with white mta, cpm, and mbpc cements. enterococcus faecalis was coronally introduced and the apical portion was immersed in bhi culture medium with phenol red indicator. th ...201627119763
solubility and bacterial sealing ability of mta and root-end filling materials.objective to evaluate solubility and sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) and root-end filling materials. material and methods the materials evaluated were: mta, calcium silicate cement with zirconium oxide (csc/zro2), and zinc oxide/eugenol (zoe). solubility test was performed according to ansi/ada. the difference between initial and final mass of the materials was analyzed after immersion in distilled water for 7 and 30 days. retrograde cavities in human teeth with single straig ...201627119759
antimicrobial activity and substantivity of uncaria tomentosa in infected root canal dentin.the aim of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial activity and substantivity of uncaria tomentosa willd dc (cat's claw, cc) in root dentin contaminated with enterococcus faecalis. forty-eight human premolars were contaminated with e. faecalis (atcc 29212) and randomly divided into four groups according to the irrigant used during chemomechanical preparation (cmp): cc group: 2% cc gel; chx group: 2% chlorhexidine digluconate gel (chx); naocl group: 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (naocl); and ss g ...201627119588
potent antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of bacteriogenically synthesized gold-silver nanoparticles against pathogenic bacteria and their physiochemical characterizations.the objective of this study was to develop a bimetallic nanoparticle with enhanced antibacterial activity that would improve the therapeutic efficacy against bacterial biofilms. bimetallic gold-silver nanoparticles were bacteriogenically synthesized using γ-proteobacterium, shewanella oneidensis mr-1. the antibacterial activities of gold-silver nanoparticles were assessed on the planktonic and biofilm phases of individual and mixed multi-cultures of pathogenic gram negative (escherichia coli and ...201627117745
boron-doped diamond oxidation of amoxicillin pharmaceutical formulation: statistical evaluation of operating parameters, reaction pathways and antibacterial activity.the electrochemical oxidation of a commercial amoxicillin formulation over a boron-doped diamond (bdd) anode was investigated. the effect of initial cod concentration (1-2 g/l), current density (30-50 ma/cm(2)), treatment time (15-90 min), initial ph (3-9) and electrolyte concentration (2-4 g/l nacl) on cod removal was assessed through a factorial design methodology. for the range of conditions in question, the first three single effects, as well as the interaction between cod and time were the ...201627117507
acute severe aortic regurgitation: imaging with pathological correlation.acute aortic regurgitation (ar) is an important finding associated with a wide variety of disease processes. its timely diagnosis is of utmost importance. delay in diagnosis could prove fatal.201627114975
in vitro inactivation of enterococcus faecalis with a led device.non-coherent light-emitting diodes (leds) are effective in a large variety of clinical indications; however, the bactericidal activity of leds is unclear, although the effectiveness of such lights is well known. currently, no studies have examined the effects of nir-led on bacteria. the aims of this study were to verify the antibacterial activity of 880-nm led irradiation on a bacterial suspension of enterococcus faecalis and to compare it with the actions of sodium hypochlorite (naocl) and the ...201627107704
preliminary study on total protein extraction methods from enterococcus faecalis biofilm.enterococcus faecalis is the major pathogen of post-endodontic disease and refractory periapical periodontitis, and recent research on this species has focused on its pathogenicity. e. faecalis most often causes disease in the form of a biofilm, and total protein expression shows a strong association with its virulence. therefore, the purpose of our study was to explore different methods of extracting the total proteins of the e. faecalis (atcc 33186 standard strain) biofilm. the total proteins ...201627706660
determination of resistance and virulence genes in enterococcus faecalis and e. faecium strains isolated from poultry and their genotypic characterization by adsrrs-fingerprinting.the aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance of e. faecalis and e. faecium strains isolated from poultry and to carry out genotypic characterization thereof with the adsrrs-fingerprinting method (amplification of dna fragments surrounding rare restriction sites) and analysis of the genetic relatedness between the isolates with different resistance and virulence determinants. samples were collected from 70 4-week-old chickens and tested for enterococcus minimum inhibitory c ...201627702915
anterior mitral valve aneurysm: a rare sequelae of aortic valve endocarditis.summaryin intravenous drug abusers, infective endocarditis usually involves right-sided valves, with staphylococcus aureus being the most common etiologic agent. we present a patient who is an intravenous drug abuser with left-sided (aortic valve) endocarditis caused by enterococcus faecalis who subsequently developed an anterior mitral valve aneurysm, which is an exceedingly rare complication. a systematic literature search was conducted which identified only five reported cases in the literatu ...201627249815
treatment of mdr urinary tract infections with oral fosfomycin: a retrospective analysis.limited options for treating mdr organisms have led clinicians to turn to older antimicrobial agents that may display activity against such infections. one such agent is fosfomycin, an oral drug with activity against a variety of gram-positive and -negative bacteria, but only approved for use in the usa for urinary tract infection (uti) due to escherichia coli and enterococcus faecalis. the purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of fosfomycin treatment of mdr uti and identify predictor ...201627246234
impact of the provaur stewardship programme on linezolid resistance in a tertiary university hospital: a before-and-after interventional study.there is little evidence of the impact of antimicrobial stewardship programmes on antimicrobial resistance.201627246230
probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from human milk.the objective of this study was to identify and characterize lactic acid bacteria isolated from human milk, with an emphasis on their probiotic properties.201627159339
reactive arthritis caused by urinary tract infection.we report the case of a 58-year-old man presenting with chest pain who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (pci). the patient subsequently developed a fever over 38°c, pain on micturition, and cloudy urine 3 days following pci. urine cultures were positive for escherichia coli and enterococcus faecalis, whereas blood cultures were negative. arthritis occurred two weeks following urinary tract infection (uti). we herein present a rare case of reactive arthritis caused by uti following pc ...201627150879
evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of cetrimide and glycyrrhiza glabra l. extract against enterococcus faecalis biofilm grown on dentin discs in comparison with naocl.this study aimed to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of naocl, cetrimide, and glycyrrhiza glabra l. extract against enterococcus faecalis biofilms on dentine discs. broth microdilution method was used to determine minimal bactericidal concentrations (mbcs) of the agents. a biofilm susceptibility assay was performed using e. faecalis biofilms grown on dentine discs. minimal bactericidal concentrations (mbcs) of naocl (0.5%), cetrimide (0.015%), and g. glabra l. extract (0.25%) were applied fo ...201627150551
protein translation machinery holds a key for transition of planktonic cells to biofilm state in enterococcus faecalis: a proteomic approach.enterococcus faecalis is a member of human gut microflora causing nosocomial infection involving biofilm formation. ethyl methyl sulfonate induced mutants were analysed using crystal violet assay, sem and clsm microscopy which confirmed ak-e12 as biofilm efficient and ak-f6 as biofilm deficient mutants. growth curve pattern revealed ak-e12 was fast growing whereas, ak-f6 was found slow growing mutant. 2d-electrophorosis and maldi-tof analysis revealed over and underexpression of many translation ...201627144316
virulence genes among enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium isolated from coastal beaches and human and nonhuman sources in southern california and puerto rico.most enterococcus faecalis and e. faecium are harmless to humans; however, strains harboring virulence genes, including esp, gele, cyla, asa1, and hyl, have been associated with human infections. e. faecalis and e. faecium are present in beach waters worldwide, yet little is known about their virulence potential. here, multiplex pcr was used to compare the distribution of virulence genes among e. faecalis and e. faecium isolated from beaches in southern california and puerto rico to isolates fro ...201627144029
simulated-use validation of a sponge atp method for determining the adequacy of manual cleaning of endoscope channels.the objective of this study was to validate the relative light unit (rlu) cut-off of adequate cleaning of flexible colonoscopes for an atp (adenosine tri-phosphate) test kit that used a sponge channel collection method.201627142441
effect of different mixing methods on the bacterial microleakage of calcium-enriched mixture cement.calcium-enriched mixture cement is used in the field of endodontics. it is similar to mineral trioxide aggregate in its main ingredients.the present study investigated the effect of different mixing methods on the bacterial microleakage of cem cement.201627139578
a silenced vana gene cluster on a transferable plasmid caused an outbreak of vancomycin-variable enterococci.we report an outbreak of vancomycin-variable vana(+) enterococci (vve) able to escape phenotypic detection by current guidelines and demonstrate the molecular mechanisms for in vivo switching into vancomycin resistance and horizontal spread of the vana cluster. forty-eight vana(+) enterococcus faecium isolates and one enterococcus faecalis isolate were analyzed for clonality with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and their vana gene cluster compositions were assessed by pcr and whole-geno ...201627139479
comparison of the antimicrobial efficacy of two antibiotics sparfloxacin and augmentin as experimental root canal irrigating solutions against enterococcus faecalis - an invitro study.one of the main goals of endodontic treatment is root canal disinfection and to prevent subsequent chances of reinfection. adjuvant to instrumentation, root canal irrigants are required to eliminate the bacteria found on the root canal walls and lateral canals within the dentinal tubules.201627135003
a novel in vitro co-culture model comprised of caco-2/rbl-2h3 cells to evaluate anti-allergic effects of food factors through the intestine.the prevalence of type i allergic diseases such as food allergy and allergic rhinitis has increased. therefore, many studies have focused on food factors with anti-allergic activities in recent years. in order to investigate the effect of food factors on mast cell activation, a rbl-2h3 cell monoculture system has been widely used, in which various food factors have been reported to inhibit degranulation of rbl-2h3 cells. however, some orally administered food factors do not interact directly wit ...201627131754
efficacy of 4 irrigation protocols in killing bacteria colonized in dentinal tubules examined by a novel confocal laser scanning microscope analysis.the aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of 4 irrigation systems in eliminating bacteria in root canals, particularly in dentinal tubules.201627130334
influence of working length and foraminal enlargement on foramen morphology and sealing ability.the present study evaluated the influence of the working length and foraminal enlargement on the sealing ability and anatomy of the apical region of the root.201627054864
detection of vancomycin resistance among enterococcus faecalis and staphylococcus aureus.vancomycin remains the drug of choice for resistant gram positive infections caused by enterococcus spp and methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa). increased use of vancomycin has led to frank resistance and increase in mic (mic creep). vancomycin intermediate staphylococcus aureus (visa), vancomycin resistant staphylococcus aureus (vrsa) & vancomycin resistant enterococci (vre) are important emerging nosocomial pathogens resulting in treatment failures.201627042459
maternal antibiotic treatment impacts development of the neonatal intestinal microbiome and antiviral immunity.microbial colonization of the infant gastrointestinal tract (git) begins at birth, is shaped by the maternal microbiota, and is profoundly altered by antibiotic treatment. antibiotic treatment of mothers during pregnancy influences colonization of the git microbiota of their infants. the role of the git microbiota in regulating adaptive immune function against systemic viral infections during infancy remains undefined. we used a mouse model of perinatal antibiotic exposure to examine the effect ...201627036912
indomethacin injury to the rat small intestine is dependent upon biliary secretion and is associated with overgrowth of enterococci.nsaiduse is limited due to the drugs' toxicity to the gastrointestinal mucosa, an action incompletely understood. lower gut injury induced bynsaids is dependent on bile secretion and is reported to increase the growth of a number of bacterial species, including an enterococcal species,enterococcus faecalis this study examined the relationships between indomethacin (indo)-induced intestinal injury/bleeding, small bowel overgrowth (sbo) and dissemination of enterococci, and the contribution of bil ...201627033447
synthesis variants of quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine nanoparticles and their antibacterial efficacy in dental materials.resin-based dental materials allow bacterial growth on their surface and lack antibacterial activity, leading to functional and esthetic failure. quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine (qpei) nanoparticles (nps) incorporated in resin-based composite at 2% wt/wt have demonstrated prolonged and complete inhibition of bacterial growth. this study focused on optimization of qpei np synthesis to reduce the concentration required for bacterial growth inhibition. the objective here was to enhance antimi ...201627032864
posaida: presence of staphylococcus aureus/mrsa and enterococcus/vre in danish ambulances. a cross-sectional study.every year approximately one out of ten danish patients contracts a healthcare associated infection (hai). staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus are prominent in the group of pathogenic bacteria that underlie hais, causing unnecessary inconvenience and prolonging hospitalization. bacterial colonization often occurs due to indirect patient-to-patient transmission, caused by poor hygiene compliance. this study aims to determine the level of contamination with s. aureus/mrsa and enterococcus/vre o ...201627029410
comparison of hospital room surface disinfection using a novel ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (uvgi) generator.the estimated 721,800 hospital acquired infections per year in the united states have necessitated development of novel environmental decontamination technologies such as ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (uvgi). this study evaluated the efficacy of a novel, portable uvgi generator (the torch, chlordisys solutions, inc., lebanon, nj) to disinfect surface coupons composed of plastic from a bedrail, stainless steel, chrome-plated light switch cover, and a porcelain tile that were inoculated with ...201627028152
spatial organization of cell wall-anchored proteins at the surface of gram-positive bacteria.bacterial surface proteins constitute an amazing repertoire of molecules with important functions such as adherence, invasion, signalling and interaction with the host immune system or environment. in gram-positive bacteria, many surface proteins of the "lpxtg" family are anchored to the peptidoglycan (pg) by an enzyme named sortase. while this anchoring mechanism has been clearly deciphered, less is known about the spatial organization of cell wall-anchored proteins in the bacterial envelope. h ...201627025379
fungal naphtho-γ-pyrones: potent antibiotics for drug-resistant microbial pathogens.four naphtho-γ-pyrones (fonsecinones a and c and aurasperones a and e) were identified as potential antibacterial agents against escherichia coli, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing e. coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococcus faecalis, and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in an in vitro antibacterial screen of 218 fungal metabolites. fonsecinone a (2) exhibited the most potent antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of 4.26, 17.04, an ...201627063778
[the effect of a combined nanoparticulate/calcium hydroxide medication on the biofilm of enterococcus faecalis in starvation phase].to evaluate the efficacy of ca(oh)2 with a silver nanoparticle suspension to eliminate the biofilm of enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) in starvation phase.201627063301
[persistence of a st6 clone of enterococcus faecalis genotype vanb2 in two hospitals in aragon (spain)].in order to study the evolution of the outbreak that occurred between 2009 and 2010 in 3 hospitals in zaragoza, all vancomycin-resistant clinical enterococcus faecalis isolates identified between 2011 and 2013 at these hospitals were characterised.201627059750
deletion of fabn in enterococcus faecalis results in unsaturated fatty acid auxotrophy and decreased release of inflammatory cytokines.the gram-positive bacterium enterococcus faecalis can cause life-threatening infections and is resistant to several commonly used antibiotics. the type ii fatty acid pathway in bacteria is discussed as a potential target for antimicrobial therapy. however, it was shown that inhibition or deletion of its enzymes can be rescued in gram-positive bacteria by supplementation with fatty acids. here we show that by deletion of the fabn gene, which is essential for unsaturated fatty acid (ufa) synthesis ...201627009913
thymidylate limitation potentiates cephalosporin activity toward enterococci via an exopolysaccharide-based mechanism.multidrug resistant enterococci are major causes of nosocomial infections. prior therapy with cephalosporins increases the risk of developing an enterococcal infection due to the intrinsic resistance of enterococci to these antibiotics. while progress has been made toward understanding the genetic and biochemical mechanisms of cephalosporin resistance, available data indicate that as-yet-unidentified resistance factors must exist. here, we describe results of a screen to identify small molecules ...201627008338
oritavancin activity tested against molecularly characterized staphylococci and enterococci displaying elevated linezolid mic results.oritavancin (mic50/90, 0.03/0.06 to 0.12 μg/ml) had potent activity against linezolid-resistant staphylococci, as well as enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium (oritavancin mic50/90, 0.015/0.12 μg/ml against both species). all linezolid-resistant isolates were inhibited by oritavancin at ≤0.12 μg/ml. these results confirmed the absence of cross-resistance between linezolid and oritavancin in staphylococci and enterococci.201627001823
quantification of lipoteichoic acid contents and cultivable bacteria at the different phases of the endodontic retreatment.the infectious content of root canals, including bacteria and lipoteichoic acid (lta), cause injuries to the periapical tissues. the purpose of this clinical study was to quantify the levels of both lta and cultivable bacteria at the different phases of endodontic retreatment (er) of teeth with post-treatment apical periodontitis. it also aimed to investigate the presence of gram-positive microorganisms before and after chemomechanical preparation (cmp) and intracanal medication (icm).201627000273
antimicrobial action of calcium hydroxide-based endodontic sealers after setting, against e. faecalis biofilm.enterococcus faecalis are gram positive bacteria that can mostly resist endodontic therapy, inducing persistent infection in the root canal system. endodontic sealers with antimicrobial activity may help eliminate residual microorganisms that survive endodontic treatment. the present study aimed at comparing the antimicrobial activity of acroseal, sealapex and ah plus endodontic sealers in an in vitro biofilm model. bovine dentin specimens (144) were prepared, and twelve blocks for each sealer a ...201626981759
rapid evolution of microbe-mediated protection against pathogens in a worm host.microbes can defend their host against virulent infections, but direct evidence for the adaptive origin of microbe-mediated protection is lacking. using experimental evolution of a novel, tripartite interaction, we demonstrate that mildly pathogenic bacteria (enterococcus faecalis) living in worms (caenorhabditis elegans) rapidly evolved to defend their animal hosts against infection by a more virulent pathogen (staphylococcus aureus), crossing the parasitism-mutualism continuum. host protection ...201626978164
chemical composition, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of the essential oil from the tunisian ononis angustissima l. (fabaceae).the chemical composition, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of the hydrodistilled essential oil of the aerial parts of ononis angustissima from south tunisia has been evaluated. the oil yield was 0.04% (w/w). the chemical composition, determined by gc and gc-ms is reported for the first time. forty-five components, accounting for 93.7% of the total oil have been identified. the oil was characterized by a high proportion of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (33.2%), followed by sesquiterpene hydroca ...201626972463
l-lactic acid production by combined utilization of agricultural bioresources as renewable and economical substrates through batch and repeated-batch fermentation of enterococcus faecalis rky1.enterococcus faecalis rky1 was used to produce l-lactic acid from hydrol, soybean curd residues (scr), and malt. hydrol was efficiently metabolized to l-lactic acid with optical purity of >97.5%, though hydrol contained mixed sugars such as glucose, maltose, maltotriose, and maltodextrin. combined utilization of hydrol, scr, and malt was enough to sustain lactic acid fermentation by e. faecalis rky1. in order to reduce the amount of nitrogen sources and product inhibition, cell-recycle repeated- ...201626970921
enterococcus faecalis ebp pili are important for cell-cell aggregation and intraspecies gene transfer.enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen that ranks among the leading causes of biofilm-associated infections. we previously demonstrated that the endocarditis- and biofilm-associated pili (ebp) of e. faecalis play a major role in biofilm formation, adherence to abiotic surfaces and experimental infections. in this study, derivatives of e. faecalis strain og1 were engineered to further characterize functions of ebp pili. loss of pili resulted in a 36-fold decrease in the number of clos ...201626967674
point-of-use water disinfection using ultraviolet and visible light-emitting diodes.improvements in point-of-use (pou) drinking water disinfection technologies for remote and regional communities are urgently needed. conceptually, uv-c light-emitting diodes (leds) overcome many drawbacks of low-pressure mercury tube based uv devices, and uv-a or visible light leds also show potential. to realistically evaluate the promise of led disinfection, our study assessed the performance of a model 1.3 l reactor, similar in size to solar disinfection bottles. in all, 12 different commerci ...201626967007
heat-killed enterococcus faecalis ef-2001 ameliorates atopic dermatitis in a murine model.recent reports have shown the immunomodulatory effect of heat-killed lactic acid bacteria. atopic dermatitis (ad) is an allergic skin disease, caused by immune dysregulation among other factors. the aim of this study was to assess the effect of heat-killed enterococcus faecalis ef-2001 (ef-2001) on ad. we established an in vivo ad model by repeated local exposure of dermatophagoides farinae extract (dfe; house dust mite extract) and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (dncb) to the ears of mice. after oral ...201626959058
molecular diagnosis of urinary tract infections by semi-quantitative detection of uropathogens in a routine clinical hospital setting.the objective of our study was the development of a semi-quantitative real-time pcr to detect uropathogens. two multiplex pcr reactions were designed to detect escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp., proteus mirabilis, enterococcus faecalis, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. 16s based pcr was performed in parallel to detect gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. firstly to identify non-targeted agents of infection in the same urine specimen, and secondly to quantify ...201626954694
co-location of the oxazolidinone resistance genes optra and cfr on a multiresistance plasmid from staphylococcus sciuri.to identify and characterize the oxazolidinone/phenicol resistance gene optra in staphylococcus isolates.201626953332
resistance to antimicrobial agents among enterococci isolated from fecal samples of wild marine species in the southern coast of brazil.the purpose of this study was to evaluate species distribution, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and presence of resistance genes in enterococci isolated from fecal samples of wild marine species, including seabirds (n=12), sea turtles (n=8), and mammals (n=3) found alive or dead in southern coast of brazil. enterococci were classified based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, tested for antibiotic susceptibility, and the presence of tet(s), tet(m), tet(l), mrsc, and erm(b) genes by p ...201626952995
cysteamine enhances biofilm eradication efficacy of calcium hydroxide.calcium hydroxide (ca[oh]2) is a widely used interappointment dressing, but its antibacterial property is compromised by dentin. hence, the addition of chlorhexidine (chx) with ca(oh)2 has been proposed. however, the antimicrobial efficacy of this mixture compared with ca(oh)2 alone is currently still debatable. cysteamine is a mucolytic agent used to reduce the viscosity of mucus through the disruption of proteins, which are also important components of the extracellular matrix of biofilms. the ...201626951960
effects of dentin debris on the antimicrobial properties of sodium hypochlorite and etidronic acid.the purpose of this study was to determine the influence of dentin powder on the concentration, ph, and antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite (naocl) alone and combined with etidronic acid (hebp).201626951957
comparative analysis of protaper and waveone systems to reduce enterococcus faecalis from root canal system in primary molars--an in vitro study.to assess, in vitro, the ability of the protaper(™) and waveone(™) systems to reduce enterococcus faecalis contamination in primary molars.201626950813
in silico dissection of type vii secretion system components across bacteria: new directions towards functional characterization.type vii secretion system (t7ss) is one of the factors involved in virulence of mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv. numerous research efforts have been made in the last decade towards characterizing the components of this secretion system. an extensive genome-wide analysis through compilation of isolated information is required to obtain a global view of diverse characteristics and pathogenicity-related aspects of this machinery. the present study suggests that differences in structural components ...201626949095
invasive enterococcal infections in poland: the current epidemiological situation.the aim of this study was to investigate human invasive isolates of enterococci, obtained through prospective surveillance in poland. the consecutive enterococcal isolates were collected in 30 hospitals between may 2010 and june 2011, and studied by species identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and, for enterococcus faecium by detection of markers specific for the hospital meroclone, multilocus vntr analysis (mlva) and multilocus sequence typing (mlst). additionally, the genomic d ...201626946510
antibacterial and cytotoxic triterpenoids from the roots of combretum racemosum.a new pentacyclic triterpenoid glucoside, together with fourteen known compounds, was isolated from the roots of combretum racemosum. combretaceae). the structure of the new compound was established as 28-o-β-d-glucopyranosyl-2α,3β,21β,23-tetrahydroxyolean-18-en-28-oate (1) on the basis of detailed spectroscopic data including ms, 1d, and 2d nmr. the inhibitory activity of compounds 1-15 against promyelocytic leukemia hl-60 and human erythromyeloblastoid leukemia k562 cell lines was evaluated. c ...201626946378
time is of the essence: the impact of delayed antibiotic therapy on patient outcomes in hospital-onset enterococcal bloodstream infections.with increasing prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre), appropriate antibiotic therapy for enterococcal bloodstream infections (ebsi) can be delayed. data regarding the impact of delayed therapy on ebsi outcomes are conflicting, and the time delay most strongly associated with poor outcomes has not been defined.201626945013
occurrence of vancomycin-resistant and -susceptible enterococcus spp. in reclaimed water used for spray irrigation.reclaiming municipal wastewater for agricultural, environmental, and industrial purposes is increasing in the united states to combat dwindling freshwater supplies. however, there is a lack of data regarding the microbial quality of reclaimed water. in particular, no previous studies have evaluated the occurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) in reclaimed water used at spray irrigation sites in the united states. to address this knowledge gap, we investigated the occurrence, concentr ...201626942838
comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of three herbal irrigants in reducing intracanal e. faecalis populations: an in vitro study.the present study aimed to evaluate the intracanal bacterial reduction promoted by chemomechanical preparation using three different herbal extracts named ocimum sanctum (os), cinnamomum zeylanicum (cz), syzygium aromaticum (sa) against enterococcus faecalis.201627398170
activity of the lichen usnea steineri and its major metabolites against gram-positive, multidrug-resistant bacteria.the antimicrobial activity and possible synergistic effects of extracts and compounds isolated from usnea steineri were evaluated against four resistant bacterial species. a phytochemical study of the acetone extract of u. steineri resulted in the isolation and characterization of difractaic acid and (+)-usnic acid as the main compounds. the acetone extract showed strong activity (less than 10 µg/ml) against resistant strains of staphylococcus epidermidis and enterococcus faecalis, and (+)-usnic ...201627396202
rose bengal uptake by e. faecalis and f. nucleatum and light-mediated antibacterial activity measured by flow cytometry.antibacterial photodynamic therapy (apdt) using rose bengal (rb) and blue-light kills bacteria through the production of reactive oxygen derivates. however, the interaction mechanism of rb with bacterial cells remains unclear. this study investigated the uptake efficiency and the antibacterial activity of blue light-activated rb against enterococcus faecalis and fusobacterium nucleatum. spectrophotometry and epifluorescence microscopy were used to evaluate binding of rb to bacteria. the antibact ...201627394008
assessment of free fatty acids and cholesteryl esters delivered in liposomes as novel class of antibiotic.healthcare associated infections (hai) with multidrug-resistant (mdr) bacteria continue to be a global threat, highlighting an urgent need for novel antibiotics. in this study, we assessed the potential of free fatty acids and cholesteryl esters that form part of the innate host defense as novel antibacterial agents for use against mdr bacteria.201627391402
the impact of hospital and urban wastewaters on the bacteriological contamination of the water resources in kinshasa, democratic republic of congo.although the united nations general assembly recognized in 2010 the right to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation as a human right that is essential to the full enjoyment of life and all other human rights, the contamination of water supplies with faecal pathogens is still a major and unsolved problem in many parts of the world. in this study, faecal indicator bacteria (fib), including escherichia coli (e. coli) and enterococcus (ent), were quantified over the period of june/july 2014 an ...201627389829
probiotic activity of enterococcus faecalis cect7121: effects on mucosal immunity and intestinal epithelial cells.to analyse the effect of enterococcus faecalis cect7121 on intestinal epithelial cells (iecs) and its effects on the mucosal immune response.201627389465
the ctsr regulator controls the expression of clpc, clpe and clpp and is required for the virulence of enterococcus faecalis in an invertebrate model.the intrinsic ruggedness of enterococcus faecalis is responsible for its widespread distribution in nature and is often viewed as an important virulence determinant. previously, we showed that the clpb atpase is negatively regulated by ctsr and is required for thermotolerance and virulence in a galleria mellonella invertebrate model. here, we used in silico, northern blot and quantitative real-time pcr analyses to identify additional members of the ctsr regulon, namely the clpp peptidase and the ...201627388279
evaluation of the antibacterial efficacy of azadirachta indica, commiphora myrrha, glycyrrhiza glabra against enterococcus faecalis using real time pcr.to compare the antibacterial efficacy of azadirachta indica (neem), commiphora myrrha (myrrh), glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice) with 2% chlorhexidine (chx) against e. faecalis by using real time pcr.201627386000
the heterodimeric abc transporter efrcd mediates multidrug efflux in enterococcus faecalis.nosocomial infections with enterococcus faecalis are an emerging health problem. however, drug efflux pumps contributing to intrinsic drug resistance are poorly studied in this gram-positive pathogen. in this study, we functionally investigated seven heterodimeric abc transporters of e. faecalis that are annotated as drug efflux pumps. deletion of ef0789-ef0790 on the chromosome of e. faecalis resulted in increased susceptibility to daunorubicin, doxorubicin, ethidium, and hoechst 33342, and the ...201627381387
inhibition of enterococcus faecalis by calcium peroxide.to investigate the inhibition of enterococcus faecalis by calcium peroxide (cao₂).201627379349
photodynamic inactivation of root canal bacteria by light activation through human dental hard and simulated surrounding tissue.photodynamic inactivation of bacteria (pib) may be a supportive antimicrobial approach for use in endodontics, but sufficient activation of photosensitizers (ps) in root canals is a critical point. therefore, aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of ps absorbing blue (tmpyp) or red light (methylene blue; mb) for light activation through human dental hard and simulated surrounding tissue to inactivate root canal bacteria.201627379059
the effect of the final irrigant on the antimicrobial activity of root canal sealers.root canal irrigation is an essential step in root canal therapy as it enables the elimination of microorganisms. the final irrigant may affect the properties of the root canal sealer used during obturation particularly with tricalcium silicate-based sealers, which interact with dentine. the aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of tricalcium silicate-containing sealers in contact with different irrigants. furthermore the sealer surface in contact with the irrigant was chara ...201627377571
[chronic bacterial prostatitis. clinical and microbiological study of 332 cases].chronic bacterial prostatitis (cbp) is characterized by long-lasting symptoms, frequently associated with psychosomatic disorders. the objective of the study was to study pcb in our environment clinically and microbiologically.201627377215
a large factory-scale application of selected autochthonous lactic acid bacteria for pdo pecorino siciliano cheese production.the main hypothesis of this study was that the autochthonous lactic acid bacteria (lab) selected for their dairy traits are able to stabilize the production of pdo (protected denomination of origin) pecorino siciliano cheese, preserving its typicality. the experimental plan included the application of a multi-strain lactic acid bacteria (lab) culture, composed of starter (lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis cag4 and cag37) and non starter (enterococcus faecalis psl71, lactococcus garviae psl67 and ...201627375245
disinfection efficacy of current regenerative endodontic protocols in simulated necrotic immature permanent teeth.the lack of mechanical debridement and reduced concentrations suggested for chemical debridement to maintain stem cell viability call into question the disinfection efficacy of current regenerative protocols. current protocols vary in the concentration and type of antibiotic medicaments used. the aim of this study was to determine if simulated immature teeth infected with enterococcus faecalis can be completely disinfected by following current standardized regenerative protocols and to evaluate ...201627372159
antimicrobial resistance of escherichia coli, enterococci, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus from raw fish and seafood imported into switzerland.a total of 44 samples of salmon, pangasius (shark catfish), shrimps, and oysters were tested for the presence of escherichia coli, enterococci, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus, which are indicator organisms commonly used in programs to monitor antibiotic resistance. the isolated bacterial strains, confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, were tested against a panel of 29 antimicrobial agents to obtain mics. across the four sampl ...201627357045
partial diversity generates effector immunity specificity of the bac41-like bacteriocins of enterococcus faecalis clinical strains.bacteriocin 41 (bac41) is the plasmid-encoded bacteriocin produced by the opportunistic pathogen enterococcus faecalis its genetic determinant consists of bacl1 (effector), bacl2 (regulator), baca (effector), and baci (immunity). the secreted effectors bacl1 and baca coordinate to induce the lytic cell death of e. faecalis meanwhile, the immunity factor baci provides self-resistance to the bac41 producer, e. faecalis, against the action of bacl1 and baca. in this study, we demonstrated that more ...201627353651
activities of tedizolid and linezolid determined by the reference broth microdilution method against 3,032 gram-positive bacterial isolates collected in asia-pacific, eastern europe, and latin american countries in 2014.tedizolid and linezolid in vitro activities against 3,032 gram-positive pathogens collected in asia-pacific, eastern european, and latin american medical centers during 2014 were assessed. the isolates were tested for susceptibility by the current reference broth microdilution methods. due to concern over the effect of mic endpoint criteria on the results of testing the oxazolidinones tedizolid and linezolid, mic endpoint values were read by two methods: (i) reading the mic at the first well whe ...201627353270
identification of bacterial species by untargeted nmr spectroscopy of the exo-metabolome.identification of bacterial species is a crucial bottleneck for clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases. quick and reliable identification is a key factor to provide suitable antibiotherapies and avoid the development of multiple-drug resistance. we propose a novel nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr)-based metabolomics strategy for rapid discrimination and identification of several bacterial species that relies on untargeted metabolic profiling of supernatants from bacterial culture media. we sho ...201627349704
a new buildup biofilm model that mimics accumulation of material in flexible endoscope channels.the objective of this study was to develop a new build up biofilm (bbf) model that was based on repeated exposure to test soil containing enterococcus faecalis and pseudomonas aeruginosa and repeated rounds of fixation to mimic the accumulation of patient material in endoscope channels during reprocessing. the new bbf model is a novel adaptation of the minimum biofilm effective concentration (mbec) 96-well model where biofilm is formed on plastic pegs. the new mbec-bbf model was developed over e ...201627345713
residual antibiofilm effects of various concentrations of double antibiotic paste used during regenerative endodontics after different application times.we investigated the residual antibiofilm effects of different concentrations of double antibiotic paste (dap) applied on radicular dentin for 1 or 4 weeks.201627341460
eggshells as a source for occupational exposure to airborne bacteria in hatcheries.occupational exposure to high concentrations of airborne bacteria in poultry production is related to an increased risk of respiratory disorders. however, potential sources and formation of hatchery bioaerosols are rarely characterized. in this study, bacterial multiplication on fresh shell fragments from turkey hatching eggs under conditions present in a hatcher incubator was investigated. a 10(5)-fold amplification was observed both by colony count and total cell count gaining 4 × 10(7) cfu/ce ...201627341051
draft genome sequence for a clinical isolate of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecalis.we report here the draft genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant enterococcus faecalis strain, isolated from a patient at the university of colorado hospital. the genome assembly is 3,040,186 bp in length with 37.6% gc content. this isolate encodes eleven resistance genes, including those for glycopeptide, aminoglycoside, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin, and tetracycline resistance.201627340066
can antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt) enhance the endodontic treatment?in order to achieve a long-lasting effect, one of the main goals in root canal treatment is to eliminate the endodontic bacteria. conventional chemomechanical debridement is considered as the basic treatment in root canal therapy, but adjunctive techniques such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt) can also be helpful. the aim of this study was to evaluate reports in the scientific literature that used different photosensitizers (pss) for bacterial reduction. the literature search was con ...201627330702
an evolved oxazolidinone with selective potency against mycobacterium tuberculosis and gram positive bacteria.innovation of new antibacterials that are effective against strains that have developed resistance to existing drugs would strengthen our ability to treat and subsequently control spread of pathogenic bacteria. increasing incidence of infections with drug resistant bacteria has become a common occurrence in recent times. we have developed an evolved oxazolidinone, t145, which inhibits growth of enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus and mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) with sub μg/ml poten ...201627329794
sub-lethal doses of photodynamic therapy affect biofilm formation ability and metabolic activity of enterococcus faecalis.during photodynamic therapy (pdt) in the treatment of a primary endodontic infection, it is extremely likely that microorganisms would be exposed to sub-lethal doses of pdt (spdt). although spdt cannot kill microorganisms, it can considerably influence microbial virulence. this study was conducted to characterize the effect of spdt using toluidine blue o (tbo), methylene blue (mb), and indocyanine green (icg) on biofilm formation ability and metabolic activity of enterococcus faecalis.201627328452
enzymatic synthesis using immobilized enterococcus faecalis esawy dextransucrase and some applied studies.dextrans enzymatic synthesis by immobilized enterococcus faecalis esawy dextransucrase was studied. different parameters, such as: enzyme protein concentration (epc), substrate concentration (sc), temperature and reaction time were evaluated. epc played a fundamental role in controlling dextran molecular size with 0.1% dextran in reaction mixture. dextran 38,397 and 125,471da were yielded at epc 4.78 and 5.78mg, respectively. proper dextrans (73,378 and 117,521da) demanded in pharmaceutical appl ...201627327909
enterococcus faecalis lipoteichoic acid-induced nlrp3 inflammasome via the activation of the nuclear factor kappa b pathway.we wished to examine the effects of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (nlrp3) inflammasome on periapical periodontitis induced by enterococcus faecalis and to investigate the molecular mechanisms of lipoteichoic acid (lta) derived from e. faecalis on the expression of the nlrp3 inflammasome.201627325457
study of antibacterial mechanism of graphene oxide using raman spectroscopy.graphene oxide (go) is extensively proposed as an effective antibacterial agent in commercial product packaging and for various biomedical applications. however, the antibacterial mode of action of go is yet hypothetical and unclear. here we developed a new and sensitive fingerprint approach to study the antibacterial activity of go and underlying mechanism, using raman spectroscopy. spectroscopic signatures obtained from biomolecules such as adenine and proteins from bacterial cultures with dif ...201627324288
evaluation of the susceptibility of multispecies biofilms in dentinal tubules to disinfecting solutions.the present study evaluated the effect of the source of biofilm bacteria on their susceptibility in dentinal tubules to disinfecting solutions using an infected dentin model.201627318625
comparison of two chromogenic media for the detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococcal carriage by nursing home residents.we compared chromid vre and brilliance vre media for the detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre). using a panel of 28 enterococcal isolates, 10 vana enterococcus faecium and three vana enterococcus faecalis isolates grew as per manufacturers' instructions whilst growth of two vanc and eight vancomycin-susceptible enterococci was inhibited on both media. important differences were noted in the selectivity and chromogenic properties of the two media for vana enterococcus raffinosus and ...201627312688
evaluation of the in vitro growth of urinary tract infection-causing gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria in a proposed synthetic human urine (shu) medium.bacteriuria is a hallmark of urinary tract infection (uti) and asymptomatic bacteriuria (abu), which are among the most frequent infections in humans. a variety of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria are associated with these infections but escherichia coli contributes up to 80% of cases. multiple bacterial species including e. coli can grow in human urine as a means to maintain colonization during infections. in vitro bacteriuria studies aimed at modeling microbial growth in urine have uti ...201627312379
ex situ study of enterococcus faecalis survival in the recreational waters of the southern coast of the caspian sea.the us environmental protection agency has suggested faecal enterococci as the primary bacterial indicators. of more importance is their direct correlation with swimmer-associated gastroenteritis in recreation water quality monitoring. in contrast to other seawater bodies with 3.5% salinity, the recreational waters in the southern coast of the caspian sea possess its own salinity (about 1% w/v) and thus require further investigations to determine the capacity of enterococcus faecalis as the sole ...201627307975
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