Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| the type iii effectors nlee and nleb from enteropathogenic e. coli and ospz from shigella block nuclear translocation of nf-kappab p65. | many bacterial pathogens utilize a type iii secretion system to deliver multiple effector proteins into host cells. here we found that the type iii effectors, nlee from enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) and ospz from shigella, blocked translocation of the p65 subunit of the transcription factor, nf-kappab, to the host cell nucleus. nf-kappab inhibition by nlee was associated with decreased il-8 expression in epec-infected intestinal epithelial cells. ectopically expressed nlee also blocked nuclear ... | 2010 | 20485572 |
| [traveler's diarrhea, the most common health problem of travelers]. | bacteria cause 50 to 80% of travelers' diarrheic diseases. the most important pathogens include enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), campylobacteria, salmonellae and shigella. diarrheic viruses cause 5 to 25% and protozoa less than 10% of travelers' diarrheas. hand and food hygiene constitute the main preventive measures. treatment of traveler's diarrhea is based on rehydration therapy and rest. antimicrobial therapy is required only in cases with exceptionally severe symptoms. | 2010 | 20486490 |
| violations identified from routine swimming pool inspections--selected states and counties, united states, 2008. | swimming is the third most popular u.s. sport or exercise activity, with approximately 314 million visits to recreational water venues, including treated venues (e.g., pools), each year. the most frequently reported type of recreational water illness (rwi) outbreak is gastroenteritis, the incidence of which is increasing. during 1997--2006, chlorine- and bromine-susceptible pathogens (e.g., shigella and norovirus) caused 24 (23%) of 104 treated venue--associated rwi outbreaks of gastroenteritis, ... | 2010 | 20489681 |
| battle and balance at mucosal surfaces--the story of shigella and antimicrobial peptides. | shigella is a major cause of morbidity and mortality for children in many developing countries. emergence of antibiotic-resistance among shigella demands the development of effective medicines. antimicrobial peptides (amps) are expressed in phagocytes and at epithelial surfaces and are important effector molecules of innate immunity. we have found that pathogens are able to turn off the endogenous expression of amps, resulting in serious infections such as shigellosis. a therapeutic rationale to ... | 2010 | 20494122 |
| regulation of high-affinity iron acquisition homologues in the tsetse fly symbiont sodalis glossinidius. | sodalis glossinidius is a facultative intracellular bacterium that is a secondary symbiont of the tsetse fly (diptera: glossinidae). since studies with other facultative intracellular bacteria have shown that high-affinity iron acquisition genes are upregulated in vivo, we investigated the regulation of several sodalis genes that encode putative iron acquisition systems. these genes, sg1538 (hemt) and sg1516 (sita), are homologous to genes encoding periplasmic heme and iron/manganese transporter ... | 2010 | 20494987 |
| antiviral and anti-inflammatory diterpenoids from the soft coral sinularia gyrosa. | chemical investigation of the soft coral sinularia gyrosa led to the purification of three new diterpenoids, designated as gyrosanols a-c (1-3). the structures of 1-3 were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analyses. compounds 1 and 2 exhibited antiviral activity against hcmv with ic(50)'s of 2.6 and 3.7 microm, respectively. in addition, compounds 1 and 2 showed significant anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the levels of the cox-2 protein (19.6 + or - 3.9% and 29.1 + or - 9.6%, res ... | 2010 | 20499851 |
| foodborne illness: is it on the rise? | foodborne illness is a serious public health threat. the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) estimates that 76 million foodborne illnesses, including 325,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths, occur in the united states each year. two recently published foodborne diseases active surveillance network (foodnet) reports showed that salmonella, campylobacter, shigella, cryptosporidium, and shiga toxin escherichia coli (stec) o157 continue to be leading causes of both the number and inci ... | 2010 | 20500787 |
| [antibacterial activity of recombinant thanatin expressed by e.coli er2566]. | to express antibacterial peptide thanatin in the prokaryotic expression system and test its antibacterial activity. | 2010 | 20501392 |
| the 33 carboxyl-terminal residues of spa40 orchestrate the multi-step assembly process of the type iii secretion needle complex in shigella flexneri. | the type iii secretion apparatus (t3sa) is a central virulence factor of many gram-negative bacteria. its overall morphology consists of a cytoplasmic region, inner- and outer-membrane sections and an extracellular needle. in shigella, the length of the needle is regulated by spa32. to understand better the role of spa32 we searched for its interacting partners using a two-hybrid screen in yeast. we found that spa32 interacts with the 33 c-terminal residues (cc*) of spa40, a member of the conser ... | 2010 | 20507885 |
| induction of specific cd8 t cells against intracellular bacteria by cd8 t-cell-oriented immunization approaches. | for protection against intracellular bacteria such as mycobacterium tuberculosis and listeria monocytogenes, the cellular arm of adaptive immunity is necessary. a variety of immunization methods have been evaluated and are reported to induce specific cd8(+) t cells against intracellular bacterial infection. modified bcg vaccines have been examined to enhance cd8(+) t-cell responses. naked dna vaccination is a promising strategy to induce cd8(+) t cells. in addition to this strategy, live attenua ... | 2010 | 20508818 |
| [analysis on bacillary dysentery surveillance data collected from the national surveillance system in 2007.]. | to improve the national surveillance plan on bacillary dysentery and to increase the sensitivity of the surveillance system on the disease. | 2010 | 20510059 |
| ["autophagy and microorganisms": hotspots of a mini-symposium]. | 2010 | 20510155 | |
| establishment of specific pathogen-free macaque colonies in tsukuba primate research center of japan for aids research. | cynomolgus monkeys have been maintained in indoor facilities as closed colony monkeys in tsukuba primate research center in japan since 1978. several microorganisms, including bacteria, parasites and viruses, were eliminated from the cynomolgus monkeys in this colony of tprc. various kinds of viruses (b virus, measles virus, simian varicella virus, simian immunodeficiency virus, simian t cell leukemia virus, simian d type retrovirus, simian cytomegalovirus, simian epstein-barr virus, and simian ... | 2010 | 20510748 |
| isolation of bacteriocin-like substances producing bacteria from finished cattle-manure compost and activity evaluation against some food-borne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. | a finished compost sample was examined for bacteriocin-like substance production against five pathogenic bacteria: salmonella typhimurium ef 85-9, escherichia coli o157:h7 atcc 43888, enterococcus faecalis jcm 8726, staphylococcus aureus jcm 2151, and yersinia enterocolitica jcm 7577. at the preliminary detection of bacterial strains exhibiting antimicrobial activity from the compost sample, thirteen strains could be isolated. screening of the inhibitory activity was done using agar-well diffusi ... | 2010 | 20513963 |
| emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in shigella isolated from andaman & nicobar islands, india. | 2010 | 20516546 | |
| crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of corc, a magnesium-ion transporter. | corc is a magnesium transporter that is involved in the mg(2+)-efflux function of the cora transporter system, an mg(2+) channel, from shigella flexneri. native corc was purified and crystallized in the native form and in a ligand-free form and diffraction data sets were collected to 2.9 and 3.4 a resolution, respectively. the native corc crystals belonged to space group p2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 64.31, b = 74.44, c = 132.78 a. the ligand-free corc crystals belonged to space g ... | 2010 | 20516599 |
| three-hour molecular detection of campylobacter, salmonella, yersinia, and shigella species in feces with accuracy as high as that of culture. | campylobacter jejuni and salmonella, shigella, and yersinia species (along with shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli) are the most common causes of acute bacterial diarrheal disease in the united states. current detection techniques are time-consuming, limiting usefulness for patient care. we developed and validated a panel of rapid pcr assays for the detection and identification of c. jejuni, c. coli, salmonella, and yersinia species and shigella and enteroinvasive e. coli in stool samples. a ... | 2010 | 20519461 |
| emerging trends in the etiology of enteric pathogens as evidenced from an active surveillance of hospitalized diarrhoeal patients in kolkata, india. | abstract: | 2010 | 20525383 |
| frequency of viral, bacterial and parasitic enteropathogens among young children with acute diarrhoea in saudi arabia. | the frequency of viral, bacterial and parasitic enteropathogens among 270 paediatric patients (< 5 years of age) in various hospitals of makkah and jeddah cities of saudi arabia were investigated. | 2010 | 20527643 |
| prevalence of enterotoxins among escherichia coli isolates causing bacteraemia. | the most frequent cause of bacteraemia among gram-negative bacteria is escherichia coli. analysis of the genes encoding the shigella enterotoxin 1 (shet-1), shet-2, enteroaggregative heat stable toxin 1 (east-1) toxins and aggr factor in e. coli strains causing bacteraemia revealed that set1 genes were presented significantly more frequently among quinolone-susceptible strains (p<0.0001), in phylogenetic group b2 (p=0.0004) and in biofilm strains (p=0.02). in contrast, sen genes were significant ... | 2010 | 20529132 |
| a novel anti-virulence gene revealed by proteomic analysis in shigella flexneri 2a. | abstract: | 2010 | 20540790 |
| immunochemical studies of shigella flexneri 2a and 6, and shigella dysenteriae type 1 o-specific polysaccharide-core fragments and their protein conjugates as vaccine candidates. | there is no licensed vaccine for the prevention of shigellosis. our approach to the development of a shigella vaccines is based on inducing serum igg antibodies to the o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) domain of their lipopolysaccharides (lps). we have shown that low molecular mass o-sp-core (o-spc) fragments isolated from shigella sonnei lps conjugated to proteins induced significantly higher antibody levels in mice than the full length o-sp conjugates. this finding is now extended to the o-spc ... | 2010 | 20542498 |
| protein refolding is required for assembly of the type three secretion needle. | pathogenic gram-negative bacteria use a type three secretion system (ttss) to deliver virulence factors into host cells. although the order in which proteins incorporate into the growing ttss is well described, the underlying assembly mechanisms are still unclear. here we show that the ttss needle protomer refolds spontaneously to extend the needle from the distal end. we developed a functional mutant of the needle protomer from shigella flexneri and salmonella typhimurium to study its assembly ... | 2010 | 20543831 |
| an epidemiologic review of enteropathogens in gaborone, botswana: shifting patterns of resistance in an hiv endemic region. | the epidemiology of diarrheal disease in botswana, an hiv endemic region, is largely unknown. our primary objective was to characterize the prevalent bacterial and parasitic enteropathogens in gaborone, botswana. secondary objectives included determining corresponding antimicrobial resistance patterns and the value of stool white and red blood cells for predicting bacterial and parasitic enteropathogens. | 2010 | 20543877 |
| the sudden dominance of blactx-m harbouring plasmids in shigella spp. circulating in southern vietnam. | plasmid mediated antimicrobial resistance in the enterobacteriaceae is a global problem. the rise of ctx-m class extended spectrum beta lactamases (esbls) has been well documented in industrialized countries. vietnam is representative of a typical transitional middle income country where the spectrum of infectious diseases combined with the spread of drug resistance is shifting and bringing new healthcare challenges. | 2010 | 20544028 |
| a novel antisense rna regulates at transcriptional level the virulence gene icsa of shigella flexneri. | the virulence gene icsa of shigella flexneri encodes an invasion protein crucial for host colonization by pathogenic bacteria. within the intergenic region vira-icsa, we have discovered a new gene that encodes a non-translated antisense rna (named rnag), transcribed in cis on the complementary strand of icsa. in vitro transcription assays show that rnag promotes premature termination of transcription of icsa mrna. transcriptional inhibition is also observed in vivo by monitoring the expression p ... | 2010 | 20129941 |
| cesarean delivery and risk of intestinal bacterial infection. | an individual's intestinal bacterial flora is established soon after birth. delivery by cesarean section (c-section) deprives the newborn of colonization with maternal vaginal bacteria. we determined whether delivery by c-section is associated with an altered risk of infection with intestinal bacterial pathogens. | 2010 | 20132034 |
| bacteriocin production by shigella sonnei isolated from faeces of children with acute diarrhoea. | shigella is a common agent of diarrhoea, a worldwide major health problem. the bacterium produces bacteriocins; however, the role of these substances as a virulence factor is completely unknown. with the aim to search for colicin production by shigella sonnei, to evaluate the influence of culture conditions on bacteriocin expression, and to characterize the substance partially, 16 s. sonnei strains isolated from children with diarrhoea were tested for antagonism against members of the intestinal ... | 2010 | 20132176 |
| a quantitative pcr assay for rapid detection of shigella species in fresh produce. | a quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay with two primers and a taqman probe targeting conserved regions of the specific ipah gene of shigella species and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) were developed. this qpcr assay was used to identify 206 shigella strains (including four shigella species with all serotypes and two provisional shigella species), 3 eiec strains, and 113 non-shigella strains with 100% accuracy. pure cultures of six shigella reference strains were used to derive standard curves t ... | 2010 | 20132666 |
| innate immune detection of the type iii secretion apparatus through the nlrc4 inflammasome. | the mammalian innate immune system uses toll-like receptors (tlrs) and nod-lrrs (nlrs) to detect microbial components during infection. often these molecules work in concert; for example, the tlrs can stimulate the production of the proforms of the cytokines il-1beta and il-18, whereas certain nlrs trigger their subsequent proteolytic processing via caspase 1. gram-negative bacteria use type iii secretion systems (t3ss) to deliver virulence factors to the cytosol of host cells, where they modula ... | 2010 | 20133635 |
| nleh effectors interact with bax inhibitor-1 to block apoptosis during enteropathogenic escherichia coli infection. | the human pathogens enteropathogenic (epec) and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and the related mouse pathogen citrobacter rodentium subvert a variety of host cell signaling pathways via their plethora of type iii secreted effectors, including triggering of an early apoptotic response. epec-infected cells do not develop late apoptotic symptoms, however. in this study we demonstrate that the nleh family effectors, homologs of the shigella effector kinase ospg, blocks apoptosis. during epec inf ... | 2010 | 20133763 |
| crystal structure of the dna-recognition component of the bacterial virus sf6 genome-packaging machine. | in herpesviruses and many bacterial viruses, genome-packaging is a precisely mediated process fulfilled by a virally encoded molecular machine called terminase that consists of two protein components: a dna-recognition component that defines the specificity for packaged dna, and a catalytic component that provides energy for the packaging reaction by hydrolyzing atp. the terminase docks onto the portal protein complex embedded in a single vertex of a preformed viral protein shell called procapsi ... | 2010 | 20133842 |
| a piglet model of acute gastroenteritis induced by shigella dysenteriae type 1. | the lack of a standardized laboratory animal model that mimics key aspects of human shigellosis remains a major obstacle to addressing questions about pathogenesis, screening therapeutics, and evaluation of vaccines. | 2010 | 20136414 |
| extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing escherichia coli in patients with travellers' diarrhoea. | the identification of patients carrying extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing bacteria is important, since these patients are at risk of receiving inappropriate empirical therapy if they become infected. the purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of esbl-producing bacteria in patients with travellers' diarrhoea. patients with travellers' diarrhoea (n = 242) having delivered stool samples for the diagnosis of salmonella, shigella, yersinia or campylobacter, were also ... | 2010 | 20121649 |
| campylobacteriosis and other bacterial gastrointestinal diseases in sofia, bulgaria for the period 1987-2008. | campylobacter is the most commonly reported enteric bacterial pathogen in humans. we still do not have any systematic data concerning campylobacteriosis in bulgaria. for that reason, we present data of the thermophilic campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in the aetiology of diarrhoeal diseases in sofia, for the period from 1987 to 2008. the study included patients from 0 to over 65 years-old. a total of 51,607 faecal specimens were screened for campylobacter. c. jejuni and c. coli were d ... | 2010 | 20122383 |
| bacterial guanine nucleotide exchange factors sope-like and wxxxe effectors. | subversion of rho family small gtpases, which control actin dynamics, is a common infection strategy used by bacterial pathogens. in particular, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, shigella flexneri, enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec), and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) translocate type iii secretion system (t3ss) effector proteins to modulate the rho gtpases rhoa, cdc42, and rac1, which trigger formation of stress fibers, filopodia, and lamellipodia/ruffles, respectively. ... | 2010 | 20123714 |
| risk factors for sporadic shigellosis, foodnet 2005. | an estimated 450,000 cases of shigellosis occur annually in the united states. outbreaks have been associated with food, water, child daycare centers, and men who have sex with men. however, for sporadic infections, which account for the majority of cases, risk exposures are poorly characterized. | 2010 | 20113209 |
| structural and functional divergence of the newly identified gtric from its gtr family of conserved shigella flexneri serotype-converting glucosyltransferases. | glucosyltransferases (gtrs) and o-acetyltransferase (oac) are integral membrane proteins embedded within the cytoplasmic membrane of shigella flexneri. gtrs and oac are responsible for unidirectional host serotype conversion by altering the epitopic properties of the bacterial surface lipopolysaccharide (lps) o-antigen. in this study, we present the membrane topology of a recently recognized gtr, gtric, which is known to mediate s. flenxeri serotype switching from 1a to 1c. the gtric topology is ... | 2010 | 20095950 |
| a yersinia pestis guaba mutant is attenuated in virulence and provides protection against plague in a mouse model of infection. | there is a need to develop effective countermeasures for yersinia pestis, the etiologic agent of plague and a potential bioterrorism agent. salmonella and shigella spp. deleted in the guaba genes involved in guanine biosynthesis have been shown to be attenuated in vivo. in this study, we sought to determine whether deletion of the guaba operon would render y. pestis auxotrophic for guanine and avirulent; such a strain could serve as a live attenuated plague vaccine candidate. a y. pestis guaba m ... | 2010 | 20096773 |
| new enterovirulent escherichia coli serogroup 64474 showing antigenic and genotypic relationships to shigella boydii 16. | studies based on the analysis of housekeeping genes indicate that escherichia coli and all shigella species, except for shigella boydii type 13, belong to a single species. this study analysed the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of 23 e. coli strains isolated in different countries from faecal specimens taken from children with diarrhoea. strains were identified using the vitek system and typed with rabbit sera obtained against 186 somatic and 53 flagellar e. coli antigens and against 4 ... | 2010 | 20075111 |
| a bacterial e3 ubiquitin ligase ipah9.8 targets nemo/ikkgamma to dampen the host nf-kappab-mediated inflammatory response. | nf-kappab (nuclear factor kappab) has a pivotal role in many cellular processes, including the inflammatory and immune responses and, therefore, its activation is tightly regulated by the ikk (ikappab kinase) complex and by ikappabalpha degradation. when shigella bacteria multiply within epithelial cells they release peptidoglycans, which are recognized by nod1 and stimulate the nf-kappab pathway, thus leading to a severe inflammatory response. here, we show that ipah9.8, a shigella effector pos ... | 2010 | 20010814 |
| osmoregulated periplasmic glucans synthesis gene family of shigella flexneri. | osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (opgs) of food- and water-borne enteropathogen shigella flexneri were characterized. opgs were composed of 100% glucose with 2-linked glucose as the most abundant residue with terminal glucose, 2-linked and 2,6-linked glucose also present in high quantities. most dominant backbone polymer chain length was seven glucose residues. individual genes from the opg gene family comprising of a bicistronic operon opggh, opgb, opgc and opgd were mutagenized to study their ... | 2010 | 20062978 |
| nlrc4/ipaf/clan/card12: more than a flagellin sensor. | nlrc4 is a member of the nod-like receptors (nlrs), a family of cytosolic receptors involved in sensing bacterial molecules. nlrs are a group of proteins containing spans of leucine-rich repeats that senses bacterial factors within the eukaryotic cytosol. the recognition of bacterial factors provokes the formation of the inflammasome complex which includes specific nlrs. the inflammasome is responsible for caspase-1 activation which leads to the cleavage and maturation of inflammatory cytokines ... | 2010 | 20067841 |
| tracking the dynamic interplay between bacterial and host factors during pathogen-induced vacuole rupture in real time. | escape into the host cell cytosol following invasion of mammalian cells is a common strategy used by invasive pathogens. this requires membrane rupture of the vesicular or vacuolar compartment formed around the bacteria after uptake into the host cell. the mechanism of pathogen-induced disassembly of the vacuolar membrane is poorly understood. we established a novel, robust and sensitive fluorescence microscopy method that tracks the precise time point of vacuole rupture upon uptake of gram-nega ... | 2010 | 20070313 |
| antibacterial activity of artemisia nilagirica leaf extracts against clinical and phytopathogenic bacteria. | the six organic solvent extracts of artemisia nilagirica were screened for the potential antimicrobial activity against phytopathogens and clinically important standard reference bacterial strains. | 2010 | 20109237 |
| selective deletion of cd8(+) cells upregulated by caspases-1 via il-18 in mice immunized with major outer membrane protein of shigella dysenteriae 1 following infection. | introduction: mucosal lymphoid changes were observed in cryopreserved rectal tissues obtained from balb/c mice infected with shigella dysenteriae 1, immunized with 57-kda major antigenic outer membrane protein, and infection after immunization. discussion: our data suggested that caspase-3 is downregulated in cd4(+) cells of immunized balb/c mice following infection with substantial increased expression of interleukin (il)-2 and interferon (ifn)-gamma, while caspase-1 is upregulated in cd8(+) ce ... | 2010 | 20084439 |
| the extreme c terminus of shigella flexneri ipab is required for regulation of type iii secretion, needle tip composition, and binding. | type iii secretion systems (t3sss) are widely distributed virulence determinants of gram-negative bacteria. they translocate bacterial proteins into host cells to manipulate them during infection. the shigella t3ss consists of a cytoplasmic bulb, a transmembrane region, and a hollow needle protruding from the bacterial surface. the distal tip of mature, quiescent needles is composed of ipad, which is topped by ipab. physical contact with host cells initiates secretion and leads to assembly of a ... | 2010 | 20086081 |
| chaperonin activity modulates codon adaptation. | 2010 | 20087337 | |
| groel dependency affects codon usage--support for a critical role of misfolding in gene evolution. | it has recently been suggested that the use of optimal codons limits mistranslation-induced protein misfolding, yet evidence for this remains largely circumstantial. in contrast, molecular chaperones have long been recognized to play crucial roles in misfolding prevention and remedy. we propose that putative error limitation in cis can be elucidated by examining the interaction between codon usage and chaperoning processes. using escherichia coli as a model system, we find that codon optimality ... | 2010 | 20087338 |
| th17 cells are the dominant t cell subtype primed by shigella flexneri mediating protective immunity. | the t cell response to shigella, the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, remains poorly understood. using a murine model of infection, we report that shigella flexneri primes predominately il-17a- and il-22-producing th17 cells. shigella-specific th1 cells are only significantly induced on secondary infection, whereas specific th2 and cd8(+) t cells are undetectable. apart from th17 cells that are primed in a mhc class ii- and il-6-dependent, but il12/23p40-independent manner, we identified ... | 2010 | 20089698 |
| antibiotic therapy for shigella dysentery. | shigella dysentery is a relatively common illness and occasionally causes death, worldwide. mild symptoms are self-limiting but in more severe cases, antibiotics are recommended for cure and preventing relapse. the antibiotics recommended are diverse, have regional differences in sensitivity, and have side effects. | 2010 | 20091606 |
| emergence of resistance to third-generation cephalosporin in shigella--a case report. | the emergence of ciprofloxacin resistance in shigella has shifted the attention to cephalosporins. the first occurrence of third generation cephalosporin-resistant shigella flexneri was from france. this article reports the first case of cephalosporin-resistant s. flexneri from india. a 12-month-old child was admitted for a 20-day episode of loose stools, non-fetid, with mucus and blood. the stool sample showed the presence of blood and mucus and s. flexneri which was resistant to ampicillin, na ... | 2010 | 19955258 |
| emergence of a new multidrug-resistant serotype x variant in an epidemic clone of shigella flexneri. | shigella spp. are the causative agent of shigellosis with shigella flexneri serotype 2a being the most prevalent in developing countries. epidemiological surveillance in china found that a new serotype of s. flexneri appeared in 2001 and replaced serotype 2a in 2003 as the most prevalent serotype in henan province. the new serotype also became the dominant serotype in 7 of the 10 other provinces under surveillance in china by 2007. the serotype was identified as a variant of serotype x. it diffe ... | 2010 | 19955273 |
| antilisterial activity of a broad-spectrum bacteriocin, enterocin lr/6 from enterococcus faecium lr/6. | enterocin lr/6, a purified bacteriocin, exhibited broad inhibitory spectrum both against related as well as some food-borne pathogens such as listeria monocytogenes, yersinia enterocolitica, aeromonas sp., shigella sp., and bacillus licheniformis. in this investigation, we have focused on l. monocytogenes as the target organism, as it is not only an important pathogen but can also survive over a wide range of environmental conditions such as refrigeration temperature, low ph, and high-salt conce ... | 2010 | 19957209 |
| interference of the cadc regulator in the arginine-dependent acid resistance system of shigella and enteroinvasive e. coli. | a typical pathoadaptive mutation of shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) is the inactivation of the cad locus which comprises the genes necessary for lysine decarboxylation, an enzyme involved in ph homoeostasis. in e. coli, the cadba operon, encoding lysine decarboxylase (cada) and a lysine cadaverine antiporter (cadb), is submitted to the control of cadc, a positive activator whose gene maps upstream the operon, and is transcribed independently from the same strand. cadc is an i ... | 2010 | 19959396 |
| combined effects of probiotic fermentation and high-pressure extraction on the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antimutagenic activities of deodeok (codonopsis lanceolata). | this study was designed to evaluate the combined effects of probiotic fermentation and high-pressure extraction (hpe) on the functional properties of codonopsis lanceolata. the ground c. lanceolata samples were anaerobically fermented with lactobacillus acidophilus adh, bifidobacterium longum b6, lactobacillus rhamnosus gg, or lactobacillus paracasei at 37 degrees c for 10 days and subjected to 500 mpa at 50 degrees c for 30 min. the extraction yields of c. lanceolata samples were noticeably inc ... | 2010 | 20000575 |
| global analysis of a plasmid-cured shigella flexneri strain: new insights into the interaction between the chromosome and a virulence plasmid. | shigella flexneri is an important human pathogen that causes dysentery, and remains a significant threat to public health, particularly in developing countries. the virulence of this pathogen is dependent on an acquired virulence plasmid. to investigate the crosstalk between the bacterial chromosome and the exogenous virulence plasmid, a virulence plasmid-cured strain was constructed using plasmid incompatibility. the global patterns of gene expression of this strain compared with the wild-type ... | 2010 | 20000779 |
| immobilization of bacteriophages on modified silica particles. | bacteriophages are selective anti-bacterial agents, which are receiving increasing acceptance by regulatory agencies for use both in the food industry and in clinical settings for biocontrol. while immobilized phage could be particularly useful to create antimicrobial surfaces, current immobilization strategies require chemical bioconjugation to surfaces or more difficult processes involving modification of their head proteins to express specific binding moieties, for example, biotin or cellulos ... | 2010 | 19945158 |
| galectin-3, a marker for vacuole lysis by invasive pathogens. | shigella bacteria invade macrophages and epithelial cells and following internalization lyse the phagosome and escape to the cytoplasm. galectin-3, an abundant protein in macrophages and epithelial cells, belongs to a family of beta-galactoside-binding proteins, the galectins, with many proposed functions in immune response, development, differentiation, cancer and infection. galectins are synthesized as cytosolic proteins and following non-classical secretion bind extracellular beta-galactoside ... | 2010 | 19951367 |
| characterization of wrss2 and wrss3, new second-generation virg(icsa)-based shigella sonnei vaccine candidates with the potential for reduced reactogenicity. | live, attenuated shigella vaccine candidates, such as shigella sonnei strain wrss1, shigella flexneri 2a strain sc602, and shigella dysenteriae 1 strain wrsd1, are attenuated principally by the loss of the virg(icsa) protein. these candidates have proven to be safe and immunogenic in volunteer trials and in one study, efficacious against shigellosis. one drawback of these candidate vaccines has been the reactogenic symptoms of fever and diarrhea experienced by the volunteers, that increased in a ... | 2010 | 19932216 |
| development of a serogroup-specific dna microarray for identification of escherichia coli strains associated with bovine septicemia and diarrhea. | escherichia coli strains belonging to serogroups o8, o9, o15, o26, o35, o78, o86, o101, o115 and o119 are commonly associated with septicemia or diarrhea in calves and pose a significant threat to the cattle industry worldwide. in this study, a microarray detection system targeting o-antigen-specific genes was developed for the identification of those serogroups. by testing against 186 e. coli and shigella o-serogroup reference strains, 36 e. coli clinical isolates, and 9 representative strains ... | 2010 | 19932572 |
| antimicrobial lipids from the hemolymph of brachyuran crabs. | the potential of marine crabs as a source of biologically active products is largely unexplored. in the present study, antimicrobial activity of the hemolymph (plasma) and hemocytes (plasma cells) of six brachyuran crabs was investigated against 16 pathogenic strains. among the 16 strains tested maximum zone of inhibition was recorded in the hemolymph of hyas araneus against shigella flexineri. interestingly staphylococcus aureus and salmonella typhi were susceptible to all the hemolymph and hem ... | 2010 | 19937399 |
| age-related efficacy of shigella o-specific polysaccharide conjugates in 1-4-year-old israeli children. | despite its high worldwide morbidity and mortality, there is yet no licensed vaccine for shigellosis. we reported the safety and immunogenicity of shigella o-specific polysaccharide-protein conjugates in adults and young children and efficacy of shigella sonnei conjugate in young adults. | 2010 | 20056180 |
| the structure of the salmonella typhimurium type iii secretion system needle shows divergence from the flagellar system. | the type iii secretion system (t3ss) is essential for the infectivity of many pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. the t3ss contains proteins that form a channel in the inner and outer bacterial membranes, as well as an extracellular needle that is used for transporting and injecting effector proteins into a host cell. the homology between the t3ss and the bacterial flagellar system has been firmly established, based upon both sequence similarities between respective proteins in the two systems an ... | 2010 | 20060835 |
| antibodies against recombinant shiga toxin subunit b neutralize shiga toxin toxicity in hela cells. | shigella dysenteriae type 1 and escherichia coli o157:h7 produce shiga toxin 1 (stx) and shiga toxin1 (stx1), respectively and these two toxins are almost identical. e. coli o157:h7 is the major cause of diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. stx and stx1 are ab5 type of toxin with a molecular weight of 70 kda, comprising an enzymaticaly-active a subunit (32 kda) and five receptor-binding b subunits (7.7 kda). in this study dna fragment (289 bp, gene bank accn no. ef685161) coding for b ... | 2010 | 20044923 |
| rifaximin-induced alteration of virulence of diarrhoea-producing escherichia coli and shigella sonnei. | rifaximin shortens the duration of travellers' diarrhoea without important alteration of colonic flora. this study investigated the expression of virulence factors [heat-stable (st) and heat-labile (lt) enterotoxins, surface adhesion factors (cs2/cs3, cs6) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (mmp-9)] as well as the interleukin (il)-8 induction potential of diarrhoeagenic escherichia coli and shigella sonnei strains exposed to rifaximin (8, 32 and 64mg/l) for 4, 8, 18 and 24h. following exposure to ri ... | 2010 | 20045287 |
| increased immunoendocrine cells in intestinal mucosa of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome patients 3 years after acute shigella infection--an observation in a small case control study. | postinfectiously irritable bowel syndrome (pi-ibs) develops in 3-30% of individuals with bacterial gastroenteritis. recent studies demonstrated increases in inflammatory components in gut mucosa of pi-ibs patients even after complete resolution of infection. we aimed to investigate histological changes in colon and rectum of pi-ibs subjects after long term period of infection. | 2010 | 20046513 |
| pivotal advance: bifidobacteria and gram-negative bacteria differentially influence immune responses in the proinflammatory milieu of celiac disease. | cd is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the small intestine that presents in genetically predisposed individuals following gluten consumption. in this study, the effects of bifidobacterium (bifidobacterium bifidum iata-es2 and bifidobacterium longum atcc15707) and gram-negative bacteria (bacteroides fragilis dsm2451, escherichia coli cbl2, and shigella cbd8 isolated from cd patients), alone and in the presence of cd triggers (gliadins and/or ifn-gamma) on surface marker expression and cytokine ... | 2010 | 20007908 |
| identification of antibacterial and antifungal pharmacophore sites for potent bacteria and fungi inhibition: indolenyl sulfonamide derivatives. | synthesis of seven new indolenyl sulfonamides, have been prepared by the condensation reaction of indole-3-carboxaldehyde with different sulfonamides such as, sulphanilamide, sulfaguanidine, sulfathiazole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, sulfadiazine and sulfamethazine. these synthesized compounds have been used as potential ligands for complexation with some selective divalent transition metal ions (cobalt, copper, nickel & zinc). structure of the synthesized ligands has been deduced from thei ... | 2010 | 20005022 |
| characteristics of children with shigella encephalopathy: experience from a large urban diarrhea treatment center in bangladesh. | encephalopathy is a serious neurologic complication from shigellosis often with fatal outcome but data on simple clinical and sociodemographic predicting factors are limited. we sought to identify those factors in children. | 2010 | 20016394 |
| cem-101, a novel fluoroketolide: antimicrobial activity against a diverse collection of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | cem-101 is a novel fluoroketolide with reported high potency against diverse groups of gram-positive (micrococcus spp., viridans group streptococci, corynebacterium spp. listeria monocytogenes, clostridium spp., etc.) and gram-negative bacteria (neisseria gonorrhoeae, campylobacter jejuni, helicobacter pylori, bacteroides fragilis, shigella spp., etc.), including mycoplasma and ureaplasma, as well as bacteria commonly associated with community-acquired respiratory tract infections and skin and s ... | 2010 | 20022192 |
| reactive arthritis after enteric infections in the united states: the problem of definition. | bacterial enteric infections cause substantial morbidity in the united states both from acute illness and sequelae that follow. reactive arthritis (rea) is a poorly defined term that is used to describe a variety of rheumatologic phenomena that may occur after salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, and yersinia infection, as well as other types of infections (eg, chlamydia). this review focuses on clinical and epidemiologic investigations of rea following bacterial enteric infection in the united ... | 2010 | 20025528 |
| transcriptional profile of the shigella flexneri response to an alkaloid: berberine. | berberine, a natural isoquinoline alkaloid found in many medicinal herbs, has been shown to be active against a variety of microbial infections. to examine the potential effects of berberine on shigella flexneri, a whole-genome dna microarray was constructed and a transcriptome analysis of the cellular responses of s. flexneri when exposed to berberine chloride (bc) was performed. our data revealed that bc upregulated a group of genes involved in dna replication, repair and division. intriguingl ... | 2010 | 20030725 |
| a versatile internal control for use as dna in real-time pcr and as rna in real-time reverse transcription pcr assays. | to develop and evaluate a taqman-based internal amplification control (iac) that can be used as dna in real-time pcr (qpcr) or as rna in reverse transcription real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) to identify the presence of assay inhibition and to evaluate its incorporation into existing qpcr and qrt-pcr methods for bacterial detection. | 2010 | 20149084 |
| characterisation of pathogenic bacteria in a uasb-polishing pond system using molecular techniques. | molecular techniques have been commonly used to detect and quantify pathogenic bacteria in food, clinical and environmental samples, but in wastewater treatment plants few studies have been carried out. this work applied pcr with a specific set of primers to investigate pathogenic bacteria in a wastewater plant comprised of a uasb reactor followed by polishing ponds. in addition, in-situ hybridisation technique (fish) was used to estimate the abundance of escherichia coli in the system. accordin ... | 2010 | 20150719 |
| food-borne diseases - the challenges of 20 years ago still persist while new ones continue to emerge. | the burden of diseases caused by food-borne pathogens remains largely unknown. importantly data indicating trends in food-borne infectious intestinal disease is limited to a few industrialised countries, and even fewer pathogens. it has been predicted that the importance of diarrhoeal disease, mainly due to contaminated food and water, as a cause of death will decline worldwide. evidence for such a downward trend is limited. this prediction presumes that improvements in the production and retail ... | 2010 | 20153070 |
| development of a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous detection of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and enteropathogenic escherichia coli strains. | a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed for the simultaneous detection of genes encoding intimin (eae) and all variants of shiga toxins 1 and 2 (stx1 and stx2) in diagnostic samples. the uida gene encoding a beta-glucuronidase specific for escherichia coli and shigella spp. was included in the multiplex pcr assay as an internal amplification control. the multiplex pcr was tested on 30 e. coli reference strains and 174 diagnostic samples already characterized as harbor ... | 2010 | 20156086 |
| a challenge model for shigella dysenteriae 1 in cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis). | shigella dysenteriae type 1 can cause devastating pandemics with high case fatality rates; a vaccine for shigella is unavailable currently. because of the risks associated with performing challenge studies with wild-type s. dysenteriae 1 in human clinical trials to advance vaccine development, an improved nonhuman primate model is needed urgently. in the present study, cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis) were challenged with various doses of s. dysenteriae 1 strain 1617 to establish a dose ... | 2010 | 20158950 |
| the proteome of shigella flexneri 2a 2457t grown at 30 and 37 degrees c. | to upgrade the proteome reference map of shigella flexneri 2a 2457t, the protein expression profiles of log phase and stationary phase cells grown at 30 and 37 degrees c were thoroughly analyzed using multiple overlapping narrow ph range (between ph 4.0 and 11.0) two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. a total of 723 spots representing 574 protein entries were identified by maldi-tof/tof ms, including the majority of known key virulence factors. 64 hypothetical proteins and six misannotated protein ... | 2010 | 20164057 |
| influences of hydraulic loading rate on svoc removal and microbial community structure in drinking water treatment biofilters. | six biofilters were used for advanced treatment of yangtze river source water to investigate the effects of hydraulic loading rate (hlr) on pollutant removal and microbial community. hlr was found to exert significant influences on the removal efficiency of the conventional pollutants and 24 detectable semivolatile organic compounds (svocs). more than 85% of chemical oxygen demand and assimilable organic carbon was removed at the optimal hlr of 3.0 m h(-1). with the increase of hlr, svoc removal ... | 2010 | 20189298 |
| disruption of the rickettsia rickettsii sca2 autotransporter inhibits actin-based motility. | rickettsii rickettsii, the etiologic agent of rocky mountain spotted fever, replicates within the cytosol of infected cells and uses actin-based motility to spread inter- and intracellularly. although the ultrastructure of the actin tail and host proteins associated with it are distinct from those of listeria or shigella, comparatively little is known regarding the rickettsial proteins involved in its organization. here, we have used random transposon mutagenesis of r. rickettsii to generate a s ... | 2010 | 20194597 |
| specific igg activity against diarrheagenic bacteria in bovine immune milk and effect of ph on its antigen-binding activity upon heating. | bovine colostrum and milk antibodies of calving and lactating cows immunized with a multivalent vaccine consisting of whole cells of three different species of pathogenic bacteria including four strains of enterotoxigenic escherischia coli, five strains of enteropathogenic esch. coli, three strains of enteroinvasive esch. coli, two strains of samonella typhi, and one strain each of shigellia dysenteriae, sh. sonnei and sh. flexneri were generated, respectively. a significantly elevated activity ... | 2010 | 20196896 |
| mst (molecular serotyping tool): a program for computer-assisted molecular identification of escherichia coli and shigella o antigens. | escherichia coli and shigella o antigens can be inferred using the rfb-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) molecular test. we present herein a dynamic programming algorithm-based software to compare the rfb-rflp patterns of clinical isolates with those in a database containing the 171 previously published patterns corresponding to all known e. coli/shigella o antigens. | 2010 | 20200287 |
| structure, biological functions and applications of the ab5 toxins. | ab(5) toxins are important virulence factors for several major bacterial pathogens, including bordetella pertussis, vibrio cholerae, shigella dysenteriae and at least two distinct pathotypes of escherichia coli. the ab(5) toxins are so named because they comprise a catalytic a-subunit, which is responsible for disruption of essential host functions, and a pentameric b-subunit that binds to specific glycan receptors on the target cell surface. the molecular mechanisms by which the ab(5) toxins ca ... | 2010 | 20202851 |
| prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistance determinants in shigella flexneri isolates from anhui province, china. | quinolones are used extensively to treat shigella flexneri infection, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) determinants were recently reported. a total of 26 s. flexneri isolates collected from anhui province, china, in 2005 were screened for pmqr determinants, bla gene, gyra and parc genes, by pcr and sequencing. pmqr determinants were present in 53.8% (14 of 26) of isolates and qnra(1), qnrs(1), qnrs(2), aac(6')-ib-cr and qepa were present in 30.8, 11.5, 3.8, 19.2 and 11.5% of thos ... | 2010 | 20203702 |
| [rectal prolapse in a neonate with shigella diarrhea]. | a case of neonatal rectal prolapse during shigella diarrhea is described. a 10 days neonate exclusively breast fed, whose 2 years old brother has had the same process 2 weeks ago. medical treatment with intravenous ceftriaxone resolved rectal prolapse in 48 hours. stool cultures showed the presence of shigella flexneri ii resistant to amoxicillin; blood and cerebrospinal fluid, cultures were negative. conclusion: rectal prolapse is an uncommon complication seen in infants with shigella diarrhea. ... | 2010 | 20204227 |
| synthesis, in-vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic studies of novel azetidinone derivatives. | developing novel antimicrobial drugs is increasingly important in the modern pharmaceutical industry. a series of novel 3-chloro-4-[4-(2-oxo-2h-chromen-4-ylmethoxy)phenyl]-1-phenylazetidin-2-ones 5a-o have been synthesized from 4-bromomethylcoumarins 1a-e and 4-aryliminomethyl-phenols 3a-c. these compounds were screened for their in-vitro antibacterial activity against two gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin resistant enteroccoccus) and two gram-negative (escherichia coli and shi ... | 2010 | 20205197 |
| induction of apoptosis by shiga toxins. | shiga toxins comprise a family of structurally and functionally related protein toxins expressed by shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and multiple serotypes of escherichia coli. while the capacity of shiga toxins to inhibit protein synthesis by catalytic inactivation of eukaryotic ribosomes has been well described, it is also apparent that shiga toxins trigger apoptosis in many cell types. this review presents evidence that shiga toxins induce apoptosis of epithelial, endothelial, leukocytic, lymp ... | 2010 | 20210553 |
| identification and characterization of ctx-m-producing shigella isolates in the united states. | 2010 | 20211893 | |
| prolonged remission of chronic reactive arthritis treated with three infusions of infliximab. | reactive arthritis is generally self-remitting but can be chronic. predictors of chronicity include hla b27 positivity and triggering infections with yersinia, salmonella, shigella, or chlamydia. nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and local steroids are the mainstays, with some evidence for disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. limited evidence suggests effectiveness of tumor necrosis factor antagonists. we report the case of reactive arthritis following a chlamydia urinary tract infection pro ... | 2010 | 20216128 |
| autotransporter passenger proteins: virulence factors with common structural themes. | autotransporter proteins are virulence factors associated with a wide variety of diseases caused by pathogenic gram-negative bacteria, and they play a variety of roles in pathogenesis including disabling host defences and mediating colonization. pertactin, a key component of the whooping cough vaccine, is an autotransporter protein. a large sub-family of the autotransporters carries a trypsin-like protease domain, but these enzymes have different substrates and functions. the unique export proce ... | 2010 | 20217035 |
| [role of galactose-specific receptor--lectin in bactericidal activity of hemolysin of vibrio cholerae non o1/o139]. | to study the role lectin galactose-specific receptor of vibrio cholerae hemolysin in receptor mechanisms of bacterial cells lysis. | 2010 | 20218337 |
| shigella mediated depletion of macrophages in a murine breast cancer model is associated with tumor regression. | a tumor promoting role of macrophages has been described for a transgenic murine breast cancer model. in this model tumor-associated macrophages (tams) represent a major component of the leukocytic infiltrate and are associated with tumor progression. shigella flexneri is a bacterial pathogen known to specificly induce apotosis in macrophages. to evaluate whether shigella-induced removal of macrophages may be sufficient for achieving tumor regression we have developed an attenuated strain of s. ... | 2010 | 20221397 |
| disease burden of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome in the netherlands. | post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (pi-ibs) has been established as a sequel of infectious intestinal disease (iid). the aim of this study was to estimate the burden of pi-ibs caused by the pathogens campylobacter, salmonella and shigella, and to compare this with other outcomes associated with these pathogens. the attributable risk of pi-ibs due to bacterial pathogens was calculated and linked to national data on gastroenteritis incidence and measures for severity and duration of illness ... | 2010 | 20223049 |
| a new paradigm of bacteria-gut interplay brought through the study of shigella. | bacteria-gut epithelial interplay and the mucosal immune response are the most critical issues in determining the fate of bacterial infection and the severity of diseases. shigella species (abbreviated here as shigella), the causative agent of bacillary dysentery (shigellosis), are highly adapted human pathogens that are capable of invading and colonizing the intestinal epithelium, which results in severe inflammatory colitis. shigella secrete a large and diverse number (more then 50) of effecto ... | 2010 | 20228623 |
| [shigella bacteremia dysentery in an adult]. | 2010 | 20232025 | |
| high-throughput screening of the virulence regulator virf: a novel antibacterial target for shigellosis. | shigella flexneri is a human enteropathogen that infects about 165 million people and claims more than 1 million lives per year worldwide. although shigellosis has been considered a disease of the "third world," like many other contagious diseases, it does occur in developed countries. the emergence of drug and multidrug-resistant strains of shigella emphasizes the need for novel antibiotic development. virf, an arac-type transcriptional regulator, is responsible for the expression of all downst ... | 2010 | 20237205 |
| identification of active site residues in the shigella flexneri glucosyltransferase gtrv. | the serotype-specific glucosyltransferase, gtrv, is responsible for glucosylation of the o-antigen repeating unit of shigella flexneri serotype 5a strains. gtrv is an integral inner membrane protein with two essential periplasmic loops: the large loop 2 and the c-terminal loop 10. in this study, the full length of the loop 2 was shown to be necessary for gtrv function. site-directed mutagenesis within this loop revealed that conserved aromatic and charged amino acids have a critical role in the ... | 2010 | 20334579 |
| [preparation of a 96-microwell plate dna diagnostic chip for detection of foodborne bacteria and its application in an incident of food poisoning]. | to develop a 96-microwell plate dna diagnostic chip for simultaneous detection of 9 major foodborne bacteria. | 2010 | 20335099 |
| bacterial enteritis as a risk factor for childhood intussusception: a retrospective cohort study. | to assess the relationship between bacterial enteritis and intussusception. | 2010 | 20138300 |